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土木工程英语翻译

土木工程英语翻译
土木工程英语翻译

土木工程英语翻译

翻译

1、土木工程可分为许多分支,如结构工程、交通工程、环境工程和岩土工程等。

Civil Engineering can be divided into many branches, such as structural engineering, transportation engineering, environmental engineering and geotechnical engineering.

2、与其他土木工程分支不同,在岩土工程中,很难明确定义边界条件

And other civil engineering branch, in geotechnical engineering, it is difficult to clearly define the boundary conditions.

3、结构工程涉及计算结构中的应力和内力等作用效应,以及确定结构构件的材料、尺寸和外形等。

Structural engineering involves computing architectures such as stress and internal force action effect, as well as to determine the structural components of the material, size and shape.

4、采用GPS和激光扫描技术可精确测量角度、水平和垂直距离等。GPS and laser scanning technology can accurately measure the angle, horizontal and vertical distance.

5、过去卫生工程基本不涉及当今环境工程所包括的危险废物处理。Sanitary engineering in the past do not involve hazardous waste

treatment, including environmental engineering today.

6、当所有力的合力和某一点所有弯矩的合力矩等于零时,力系处于平衡状态。

A system of forces is said to be in equilibrium when the resultant of all the forces and the resultant of all the moments at one point are equal to zero.

7、如果未知量超过三个,就不能完全求解平衡方程,系统为静不定。If there are more than three unknowns,the equations cannot be completely solved and the system will be statically indeterminate.

8、反力必需能够抵抗施加在结构上的任何很小的位移和转动。The reaction must be able to resist applied to the structure of any small displacement and rotation.

9、为了计算,假设荷载作用在一点是足够精确的。

In order to calculate, assuming that the load point is sufficiently accurate.

10、可以看出,稳定问题和反力的确定必需独立于施加在结构上的实际荷载。

It can be seen that the stability and reaction to determine the required independent of the actual load imposed structure.

11、对于大多数设计情况,规范规定的是静力荷载的大小。

For most designs, the specification is the size of the static load.

12、对于风作用,许多现象使设计复杂化。

Design for wind effects is complicated by a number of phenomena.

13、类似地,单个构件承担的楼板面积越大,在整个面积上,规范活荷载以全部强度出现的概率就越小。

Similarly,the greater the floor area that is to be supported by a single member,the smaller will be the probability that the code live load will appear with its full intensity over the entire area.

14、然而,与其他结构荷载相比,恒载变化是相对较小的,实际平均值与规范规定的值很接近。

However,compared to the other structural loads,the dead load variations are relatively small,and the actual mean values are quite close to the code-prescribed data.

15、至少在理论上,结构上的恒载被认为是保持不变的。

In theory,at least,the dead load on a structure is supposed to remain constant.

16、混凝土受拉区出现裂缝就意味着混凝土与钢筋之间已经出现滑移。

A crack in the tension zone of concrete implies that some slip has occurred between the steel reinforcement and the surrounding concrete.

17、如果测量混凝土应变的标距包括数个裂缝,则伯努利原理可适用于平均拉应变。

If the concrete strain is measured over a gauge length that includes several cracks,it is found that Bernoulli's principle applies to this average

tensile strain.

18、由于每个应变的测量误差和测量线位置的误差,计算结果可能会偏离线性假定。

The error due to measurement error for each strain and the location of the measuring line, the results may deviate from the linear assumption.

19、混凝土的应力-应变曲线也可以由轴心受压圆柱体试件确定,而且可以发现它与本文结果类似。

Concrete stress - strain curve can also be determined by the axial compression cylinder specimen and found it similar to the results of this paper.

20、中性轴下方混凝土中的拉应力很低,而且其内力臂也很小。

Tensile stress in the concrete below the neutral axis is very low, and the lever arm is also very small.

21、岩土工程师需要解决的最困难的问题可能就是准确预测地基在荷载作用下的荷载。

Probably the most difficult of the problems that a soils engineer is asked to solve is the accurate prediction of the settlement of a loaded foundation.

22、由于形状的改变而引起的竖向变形就是瞬时沉降。

Vertical deformation due to the change in shape is the immediate settlement.

23、根据叠加理论可以确定基底任一点的瞬时沉降。

By the principle of superposition it is possible to determine the immediate settlement under any point of the base of a foundation.

24、在瞬时变形发生后不久,饱和黏土中的孔隙压力就会开始消散。Shortly after the occurrence of the instantaneous deformation, pore pressure in saturated clay will begin to dissipate.

25、通常在实验室中用来确定土的主压缩特性的设备是固结仪。The apparatus generally used in the laboratory to determine the primary compression characteristics of a soil is known as the consolidation test apparatus.

26、焊接是通过热量将两块金属熔合到一起形成连接的过程。Welding is a process in which two pieces of metal are fused together by heat to form a joint.

27、焊条的化学和力学性质应该尽可能地与主体金属相似。

The chemical and mechanical properties of the deposited weld metal should be as similar as possible to those of the base metal.

28、典型角焊缝的横截面是等肢直角三角形。

The cross section of a typical fillet weld is a right triangle with equal legs.

29、两种角焊缝中更希望的是凸面角焊缝,因为冷却时不会产生收缩裂纹。

The convex fillet weld is the more desirable of the two,since it has less tendency to crack as a result of shrinking while cooling.

30、在可能的情况下,应该避免坡口焊缝,因为与角焊缝相比,它的造价更高。

Where possible,groove welds should be avoided because of their high cost compared with fillet welds.

31、地震中是地壳中伴随着能量突然释放的地面震动。

An earthquake is the vibratory movement of the earth's surface that follows a sudden release of energy in the crust.

32、结构设计中,对于地震作用主要应注意的是结构对地面运动的响应。

The major attention in structural design for seismic effects is on the response to the vibratory motions of the ground surface.

33、除了振动的大小和位置,决定损坏潜力的其他主要因素是受振动影响的结构的性质。

In addition to the size and position of the vibration, the other major factors determining the damage potential is the nature of the structure of the influence of vibration.

34、紧邻初始断裂点以上的地面上的点称为震中。

The point on the ground surface immediately above the initial rupture point is called the epicenter of the quake.

35、不同方向的运动对建筑物有不同的影响,必须考虑所有这些影响。The movement of different directions have different effects on buildings, we must consider all these effects.

36、一般来讲,进行施工管理时,施工经理没有任何资金风险。Generally,construction management is performed without any risk of capital to the construction manager.

37、这些公司承担的合同既包括建筑的设计,也包括它的施工。Such companies take on a contract for both design and construction of a building.

38、一般来讲,合同文件需要经过双方的确认和同意。

In general, the contract documents require both parties acknowledge

and agree.

39、在小的合同组织里面,项目管理通常是经营者的职责。

In a small contracting organization,project management is generally the province of the proprietor.

40、每一次会议所作的行动计划的记录都要尽快分发给所有与会人员。Minutes kept of the plans of action discussed at each meeting should be distributed as soon as possible to all attending.

土木工程专业英语翻译

a common way to construct steel truss and prestressed concrete cantilever spans is to counterbalance each cantilever arm with another cantilever arm projecting the opposite direction,forming a balanced cantilever. they attach to a solid foundation ,the counterbalancing arms are called anchor arms /thus,in a bridge built on two foundation piers,there are four cantilever arms ,two which span the obstacle,and two anchor arms which extend away from the obstacle,because of the need for more strength at the balanced cantilever's supports ,the bridge superstructure often takes the form of towers above the foundation piers .the commodore barry bridge is an example of this type of cantilever bridge 一种常见的方法构造钢桁架和预应力混凝土悬臂跨度是每一个悬臂抗衡预测相反的方向臂悬臂,形成一个平衡的悬臂。他们重视了坚实的基础,制约武器被称为锚武器/因此,在两个基础上建一座桥桥墩,有四个悬臂式武器,这两者之间跨越的障碍,和两个锚武器哪个延长距离的障碍,因为为更多的在平衡悬臂的支持力量的需要,桥梁上部结构往往表现为塔墩基础之上形成的准将巴里大桥是这种类型的例子悬臂桥 steel truss cantilever support loads by tension of the upper members and compression of the lower ones .commonly ,the structure distributes teh tension via teh anchor arms to the outermost supports ,while the compression is carried to the foundation beneath teh central towers .many truss cantilever bridges use pinned joints and are therefore statically determinate with no members carrying mixed loads 钢桁架悬臂由上层成员和下层的紧张压缩支持负载。通常,结构分布通过锚武器的最外层的支持紧张,而压缩抬到下方的中央塔的基础。桁架悬臂许多桥梁使用固定的关节,是静定,没有携带混合负载的成员,因此 prestressed concrete balanced cantilever bridges are often built using segmental construction .some steel arch bridges are built using pure cantilever spans from each sides,with neither falsework below nor temporary supporting towers and cables above ,these are then joined with a pin,usually after forcing the union point apart ,and when jacks are removed and the bridge decking is added the bridge becomes a truss arch bridge .such unsupported construction is only possible where appropriate rock is available to support the tension in teh upper chord of the span during construction ,usually limiting this method to the spanning of narrow canyons 预应力混凝土平衡悬臂桥梁往往建立使用段施工。一些钢拱桥是使用各方面的纯悬臂跨度既无假工作下面也临时支撑塔和电缆上面,这些都是再加入了一根针,通常在迫使工会点外,当插孔删除,并添加桥梁甲板桥成为桁架拱桥,这种不支持的建设,才可能在适当情况下的岩石可用于支持在施工期间的跨度弦上的张力,通常限制这狭隘的峡谷跨越方法 an arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch .arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side .a viaduct may be made from a series of arches ,although other more economical structures are typically used today 在拱桥桥台的桥梁,是一个在一个弧形拱状,每年年底。拱桥通过转移到由部分在两边的桥台水平推

土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译

土木工程专业英语课文原 文及对照翻译 Newly compiled on November 23, 2020

Civil Engineering Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities. 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科,是指规划,设计,施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构,从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities. 土木工程师建造道路,桥梁,管道,大坝,海港,发电厂,给排水系统,医院,学校,公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施,比如飞机场,铁路,管线,摩天大楼,以及其他设计用作工业,商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外,土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇,并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen. In 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time. Since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年,英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起,土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师,尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 Scope. Because it is so broad, civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties. Depending on the type of project, the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed. When a project begins, the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement—water, sewer, and power lines. Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project. Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area: the potential for air and

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土木工程专业英语原文 及翻译 文档编制序号:[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

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土木工程英语翻译1doc

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土木中英翻译

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土木工程专业英语翻译(武汉理工大学出版社段兵廷主编)完整版

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土木工程英文翻译

外文文献及译文 文献、资料题目:PROTECTION AGAINST HAZARDS 院(部):建筑工程学院 专业:土木工程 班级:土木081 姓名:孙继佳 学号:200811003192 指导教师:樊江 翻译日期:2012.5.4

3.1 PROTECTION AGAINST WA TER Whether thrust against and into a building by a flood, driven into the interior by a heavy rain, leaking from plumbing, storm surge, or seeping through the exterior enclosure, water can cause costly damage to a building. Consequently, designers should protect buildings and their contents against water damage. Protective measures may be divided into two classes: floodproofing and waterproofing.Floodproofing provides protection against flowing surface water, commonly caused by a river overflowing its banks. Waterproofing provides protection against penetration through the exterior enclosure of buildings of groundwater, rainwater,and melting snow. Buildings adjacent to large water bodies may also require protection from undermining due to erosion and impact from storm driven waves. 3.4.1Floodproo?ng A ?ood occurs when a river rises above an elevation,called ?ood stage,and is not Prevented by enclosures from causing damage beyond its banks.Buildings con- Structed in a ?ood plain,an area that can be inundated by a ?ood,should be Protected against a ?ood with a mean recurrence interval of 100 years.Maps Showing ?ood-hazard areas in the United States can be obtained from the Federal InsuranceAdministrator,DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment,who Administers the National Flood Insurance Program.Minimum criteria for?ood- proo?ng are given in National Flood Insurance Rules and Regulations(Federal Register, vol.41,no.207,Oct.26,1976). Major objectives of ?oodproo?ng are to protect fully building and contents from Damage from a l00-year ?ood,reduce losses from more devastating ?oods,and Lower ?ood insurance premiums.Floodproo?ng,however,would be unnecessary if Buildings were not constructed in ?ood prone areas.Building in ?ood prone areas Should be avoided unless the risk to life is acceptable and construction there can Be economically and socially justi?ed. Some sites in flood prone areas possess some ground high enough to avoid flood damage. If such sites must be used, buildings should be clustered on the high areas. Where such areas are not available, it may be feasible to build up an earth fill, with embankments protected against erosion by water, to raise structures above flood levels. Preferably, such structures should not have basements, because they would require costly protection against water pressure. An alternative to elevating a building on fill is raising it on stilts (columns in an unenclosed space). In that case, utilities and other services should be protected against damage from flood flows. The space at ground level between the stilts may be used for parking automobiles, if the risk of water damage to them is acceptable or if they will be removed before flood waters reach the site. Buildings that cannot be elevated above flood stage should be furnished with an impervious exterior. Windows should be above flood stage, and doors should seal tightly against their frames. Doors and other openings may also be protected with a flood shield, such as a wall. Openings in the wall for access to the building may be protected with a movable flood shield, which for normal conditions can be stored

土木工程中英文翻译

Structural Systems to resist lateral loads Commonly Used structural Systems With loads measured in tens of thousands kips, there is little room in the design of high-rise buildings for excessively complex thoughts. Indeed, the better high-rise buildings carry the universal traits of simplicity of thought and clarity of expression. It does not follow that there is no room for grand thoughts. Indeed, it is with such grand thoughts that the new family of high-rise buildings has evolved. Perhaps more important, the new concepts of but a few years ago have become commonplace in today’ s technology. Omitting some concepts that are related strictly to the materials of construction, the most commonly used structural systems used in high-rise buildings can be categorized as follows: 1.Moment-resisting frames. 2.Braced frames, including eccentrically braced frames. 3.Shear walls, including steel plate shear walls. 4.Tube-in-tube structures. 5.Tube-in-tube structures. 6.Core-interactive structures. 7.Cellular or bundled-tube systems. Particularly with the recent trend toward more complex forms, but in response also to the need for increased stiffness to resist the forces from wind and earthquake, most high-rise buildings have structural systems built up of combinations of frames, braced bents, shear walls, and related systems. Further, for the taller buildings, the majorities are composed of interactive elements in three-dimensional arrays. The method of combining these elements is the very essence of the design process for high-rise buildings. These combinations need evolve in response to environmental, functional, and cost considerations so as to provide efficient structures that provoke the architectural development to new heights. This is not to say that imaginative structural design can create great architecture. To the contrary, many examples of fine architecture have been created with only moderate support from the structural engineer, while only fine structure, not great architecture, can be developed without the genius and the leadership of a talented architect. In any event, the best of both is

土木工程中英文翻译

from:journal of Constructional Steel Research.V olume 59,Number 1,January 2003 Cyclic behavior of steel moment frame connections under varying axial load and lateral displacements Abstract: This paper discusses the cyclic behavior of four steel moment connections tested under variable axial load and lateral displacements. The beam specim- ens consisted of a reduced beam section, wing plates and longitudinal stiffeners. The test specimens were subjected to varying axial forces and lateral displace- ments to simulate the effects on beams in a Coupled-Girder Moment-Resisting Framing system under lateral loading. The test results showed that the specim- ens responded in a ductile manner since the plastic rotations exceeded 0.03 rad without significant drop in the lateral capacity. The presence of the longitudin- al stiffener assisted in transferring the axial forces and delayed the formation of web local buckling. 1. Introduction Aimed at evaluating the structural performance of reduced-beam section(RBS) connections under alternated axial loading and lateral displacement, four full-scale specimens were tested. These tests were intended to assess the performance of the moment connection design for the Moscone Center Exp- ansion under the Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) and the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE). Previous research conducted on RBS moment connections [1,2] showed that connections with RBS profiles can achieve rotations in excess of 0.03 rad. However, doubts have been cast on the quality of the seismic performance of these connections under combined axial and lateral loading. The Moscone Center Expansion is a three-story, 71,814 m2 (773,000 ft2) structure with steel moment frames as its primary lateral force-resisting system. A three dimensional perspective illustration is shown in Fig. 1. The overall height of the building, at the highest point of the exhibition roof, is approxima- tely 35.36 m (116ft) above ground level. The ceiling height at the exhibition hall is 8.23 m (27 ft) , and the typical floor-to-floor height in the building is 11.43 m (37.5 ft). The building was designed as type I according to the requi- rements of the 1997 Uniform Building Code. The framing system consists of four moment frames in the East–West direct- ion, one on either side of the stair towers, and four frames in the North–South

土木工程专业英语(苏小卒版)翻译.

第一单元 Fundamentally, engineering is an end-product-oriented discipline that is innovative, cost-conscious and mindful of human factors. It is concerned with the creation of new entities, devices or methods of solution: a new process, a new material, an improved power source, a more efficient arrangement of tasks to accomplish a desired goal or a new structure. Engineering is also more often than not concerned with obtaining economical solutions. And, finally, human safety is always a key consideration. 从根本上,工程是一个以最终产品为导向的行业,它具有创新、成本意识,同时也注意到人为因素。它与创建新的实体、设备或解决方案有关:新工艺、新材料、一个改进的动力来源、任务的一项更有效地安排,用以完成所需的目标或创建一个新的结构。工程是也不仅仅关心获得经济的解决方案。最终,人类安全才是一个最重要的考虑因素。 Engineering is concerned with the use of abstract scientific ways of thinking and of defining real world problems. The use of idealizations and development of procedures for establishing bounds within which behavior can be ascertained are part of the process. 工程关心的是,使用抽象的科学方法思考和定义现实世界的问题。理想化的使用和发展建立可以确定行为的边界的程序,是过程的一部分。 Many problems, by their very nature, can’t be fully described—even after the fact, much less at the outset. Yet acceptable engineering solutions to these problems must be found which satisfy the defined needs. Engineering, then, frequently concerns the determination of possible solutions within a context of limited data. Intuition or judgment is a key factor in establishing possible alternative strategies, processes, or solutions. And this, too, is all a part of engineering. 很多的问题,就其本身的性质而言,不能完全被描述——即使这一事实,在其开始之前。然而还必须找到对于这些问题可接受的工程解决方案,来满足预定的需求。直觉或判断是建立可能的替代策略、流程或解决方案的关键因素。。而这也是工程的一部分。 Civil engineering is one of the most diverse branches of engineering. The civil engineer plans, designs, constructs, and maintains a large variety of structures and facilities for public, commercial and industrial use. These structures include residential, office, and factory buildings; highways, railways, airports, tunnels, bridges, harbors, channels, and pipelines. They also include many other facilities that are a part of the transportation systems of most countries, as well as sewage and waste disposal systems that add to our convenience and safeguard our health. 土木工程是工程的最多样化的分支机构之一。土木工程师计划、设计、施工,和维护大量的结构和公共、商业和工业使用的设施。这些结构包括住宅,办公室和工厂大厦;公路、铁路、机场、隧道、桥梁、港口、渠道和管道。在其他大多数的国家它们还包括运输系统许多其他设施,以及将为我们的生活带来便利的和维护我们的健康污水及废物处理系统。 The term “civil engineer” did not come into use until about 1750, when John

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