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上海市高级口译笔试汉译英题型 五年真题解析

上海市高级口译笔试汉译英题型 五年真题解析
上海市高级口译笔试汉译英题型 五年真题解析

上海市高级口译笔试汉译英题型五年真题解析(2003-2007)

2007年9月

试题原文根据网文《上海男人与上海女人》改编而成。

【原文】据说,上海男人是最好丈夫。他们总是知道该如何讨妻子的欢心,从而避免了矛盾,一家人其乐融融。所以从某种程度上讲,上海男人是社会安定和谐的象征。当妻子快乐时,他也快乐,因而整个城市也充满了快乐气氛。

虽然上海男人被戏谑为“妻管严”,但他并不屈从于妻子。在与妻子

有争议时,他要么保持沉默,要么一笑置之。有时候他会发火,但事后不久,他也会毫不迟疑地道歉。最终他妻子发现,她还是按照他的想法行事。上海男人聪明、务实,有时也相当圆滑。最令人印象深刻的是,上海

男人在事业上有进取心,对家庭有很强的责任感,而且尊重女性。

【参考译文】Shanghai men are said to be the best of husbands. They

know how to win the favor of their wives and avoid conflicts so that happiness pervades their families. Shanghai men can be regarded as the

symbol of social security and harmony. They are joyful whenever their

wives are, thus filling the whole city of Shanghai with happiness.

Shanghai men are jokingly called hen-pecked husbands. However,

they will never yield to their wives but remain silent or smile away the quarrels. And they will apologize without hesitation shortly after they lose

their temper, which is a rarity. Finally, their wives find themselves

complying with what their husbands say.

Shanghai men are smart and practical and even slippery, but what

impresses most is that they are aggressive in their career and responsible

to their families and respectful to females.

【评析】

1. 首句可以用It is said that.译出。

2. 前两句可以合并译为一句,即Shanghai men,who are said to be the

best of husbands,know how to win the favor of their wives and avoid conflicts so that happiness pervades their families.

3. “讨..的欢心”亦可译为win sb..s heart。

4. “社会安定”宜译为social stability。

5. “快乐气氛”亦可译为felicity。

6. 用smile away翻译“一笑置之”很妥当,另举两例:

smile away one.s embarrassment 以微笑解除窘态

Smile your tears away. 笑笑吧,别哭了。

此外还可换用dismiss sth. with a laugh/smile或laugh off(to pretend that sth. is less serious than it really is by laughing or joking about it)。

7. “发火”的表达方式有多种,除lose temper之外,还有get angry、flare up、hit the ceiling、fly into a rage和go through the roof等多种。

8. “毫不迟疑地”除可用without hesitation之外,亦可用unhesitatingly。

9.“务实”宜译为pragmatic(dealing with problems in a sensible, practical way instead of strictly following a set of ideas)。

10. “圆滑”亦可译为smooth and wily、slick and sly或tactful。

11. “有进取心”亦可译为enterprising(Someone who is enterprising shows the ability to think of new things to do and has an eagerness to do them)。

12. “女性”亦可译为the fair sex。

2007年3月

试题原文选自《中国的环境保护(1996-2005)》白皮书。

【原文】中国政府高度重视保护环境,认为保护环境关系到国家现代化建

设的全局和长远发展,是造福当代、惠及子孙的事业。中国政府将环境保

护确立为一项基本国策,在推进经济发展的同时,采取一系列措施加强保

护环境。特别是近年来,中国政府坚持预防为主、综合治理、全面推进、

重点突破,着力解决危害人民群众健康的突出环境问题;坚持创新体制机制,领先科学进步,强化环境法治,发挥社会各方面的积极性。经过努力,环境污染和生态破坏加剧的趋势减缓,部分流域污染治理初见成效,部分

城市和地区环境质量有所改善,全社会保护环境意识进一步增强。

【参考译文1】The Chinese government attaches great importance to environmental protection. It believes that environmental protection has a

bearing on the overall situation of China.s modernization drive and its

long-term development and that it is an undertaking which will not only

benefit the Chinese people of today but also bring benefit to their children

and grand children. The Chinese government has established

environmental protection as a basic national policy. While promoting

economic growth, it has adopted a series of measures to protect the environment. Especially in recent years, adhering to the principle of

prevention first, comprehensive control, entire push-on and key-point breakthrough, Chinese government has made great efforts to solve those outstanding environmental problems that threaten people.s health. It has persisted in institutional innovation, relied on technological advances, strengthened the role of law in environmental protection and brought into

full play the initiative of various sectors of the society. Thanks to these

efforts, the trend toward aggravated environmental pollution and

ecological destruction has slowed down, pollution control in some river

basins has achieved some initial success, the environmental quality of

some cities and regions has improved to some extent, and the people.s awareness of the importance of environmental protection has increased

further.(考试主办机构提供)

【参考译文2】The Chinese government attaches great importance to environmental protection. It believes that environmental protection will

have a direct impact on the overall situation of China's modernization drive

and its long-term development, and considers environmental protection

an undertaking that will not only benefit the Chinese people of today but

also their children and grandchildren. Years ago, the Chinese government established environmental protection as a basic national policy and

sustainable development as an important strategy, and has adhered to the

road of a new type of industrialization. While promoting economic growth,

it has adopted a whole array of measures to strengthen environmental protection. Especially in recent years, the Chinese government has

adhered to focusing on preventive measures, comprehensive control and

overall progress with breakthroughs at some key points, and worked hard

to solve conspicuous environmental problems threatening people's health.

At the same time, it has continued its efforts for institutional innovation,

relied on scientific and technological advances, strengthened the legal

system of environmental protection, and brought into full play the

initiative of people of all walks of life. Thanks to these efforts, although the amount of resource consumption and pollutants is increasing greatly, the

trend toward aggravated environmental pollution and ecological

destruction is slowing down; especially, environmental pollution control in some river valleys has seen some positive results, the environmental

quality of some cities and regions has improved, and the people's

awareness of the importance of environmental protection has enhanced.

(白皮书译文)

【评析】

1.“高度重视”除可译为attach great importance to.外,亦可译为set(或

put/lay)great/high store by/on.、lay(或put/place)stress on/upon.、

give prominence to.和think highly of.。

2. have a bearing on.需牢记,该短语的含义是to have an effect or

influence on sth.。

3.“基本国策”的译法basic national/state policy需牢记。

4.“突出(的)”也可以译为salient。

5. “社会各方面”两种译文处理方法不同,均可参考。people of all walks of life系固定搭配。

6. bring sth. into full play系固定搭配,用来翻译“发挥..的积极性”很

妥帖。

7. “经过努力”切不可字对字死译,否则必是中式英语。译为Thanks to these efforts,.才是准确的译文。

8. “进一步增强”译为..has increased further不如译为.has enhanced

简洁、地道。

2006年9月

试题原文选自胡锦涛主席在耶鲁大学的演讲。

【原文】中华文明历来注重亲仁善邻,讲求和睦相处。中国人在对外关系中始终秉承“强不凌弱”、“富不侮贫”的精神,主张“协和万邦”。中

国人提倡“海纳百川,有容乃大”,主张吸纳百家优长、兼集八方精义。

今天,中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路,既通过维护世界和平来发展自己,又通过自身的发展来促进世界和平。中国坚持实施互利共赢的对外开放战略,真诚愿意同各国广泛开展合作,真诚愿意兼收并蓄、博采各种文明之长,以合作谋和平、以合作促发展,推动建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。

【参考译文】The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to good neighborliness. The Chinese nation cherishes peace. In foreign relations,

the Chinese have always believed that "the strong should not oppress the weak, and the rich should not bully the poor" and advocated that "all

nations live side by side in perfect harmony". The Chinese held that "one should be as inclusive as the ocean which is vast because it admits

hundreds of rivers" and called for drawing upon the strength of others.

Today, China commits itself firmly to peaceful development. It seeks to accelerate its development by upholding world peace. The world peace is,

in turn, enhanced by China's development. China firmly pursues a strategy

of opening-up for mutual benefit and win-win outcomes. It genuinely

wishes to enter into extensive cooperation with other countries. It is

inclusive and is eager to draw on the strength of other civilizations to

pursue peace and development through cooperation, and play its part in

building a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

【评析】

1. “中华文明历来注重亲仁善邻,讲求和睦相处。”是一句话,但译文拆

为两句,原因在于The Chinese civilization可以和has always given prominence to good neighborliness搭配使用,但不宜和cherishes peace

搭配,所以必须另选主语The Chinese nation再起一句。中文中可以说“中

华文明讲求..”但英语中却不能照搬。初学者往往不注意这点,总认为

原文是一句,译文自然也是一句。我们既要学会合并的技巧,也要掌握拆

分的技巧,目的就是使译文符合英语习惯。此例有代表性。

2.“the+形容词”表示具有一类性质的人或物,做名词使用。原文中“强”、“弱”、“富”、“贫”四词皆照此规则翻译而成。

3. “协和万邦”译为all nations live side by side in perfect harmony,这

是吃透原文含义后的佳译。

4. 牢记“海纳百川,有容乃大”的译法one should be as inclusive as the

ocean which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers。

5. “吸纳百家优长、兼集八方精义”文字极雅,初学者往往不知如何下手,其实这十二个字说的就是“吸取别国的长处”,据此译为draw upon the strength of others。处理下文的“兼收并蓄、博采各种文明之长”也是一

个道理。此后遇到此类问题均可先转化为自己的语言再翻译。另请联想记

忆“取长补短”的几种译法:

①draw on/upon the strong points to make up for one.s own weak points

②learn from each other.s strong points to offset one.s weakness

③overcome one.s own shortcomings by learning from others. strong

points

6. 牢记“互利共赢”的译法mutual benefit and win-win outcomes。

7. “以合作谋和平、以合作促发展”就是“通过合作来谋求和平和发展”,

据此译为pursue peace and development through cooperation,特别注意

pursue(to continue doing an activity or trying to achieve sth. over a long

period of time)的用法。

8.“推动”无法照搬词典译文,必须思考原文内涵后再动笔,此处用play one.s part in doing sth.结构译出较为合理,该短语的释义是:if sth. or sb. plays

a part in sth. else, they are involved in it。

2006年3月

【原文】光阴似箭,转眼中国加入世贸组织已经整整4年。4年来,中国加

入世贸绝大多数承诺都已兑现,部分承诺的兑现甚至走在规定的时间表之

前。在世贸成员关心的知识产权问题上,中国启动法律修改工程,查处大

批侵权案件,这些努力均取得了显著成效。中国政府还全面清理了部委和

地方的行政法规。

一诺千金,有诺必践,传送着中国的极大诚意,展示了一个负责任大

国的襟怀,赢得世贸成员和国际舆论的佳评。在世贸组织的年度审议中,

这几年中国都受到充分肯定。为使国内经济与世贸规则相符,中国表现了

承担义务的强烈意愿,并且一如既往从未动摇。

【参考译文】How time flies! In a twinkling of an eye it is already 4 years

since China acceded to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Over the

past 4 years China has honored most of the promises it made when joining

the WTO, and the fulfillment of some commitments was even ahead of

schedule. In respect of the intellectual property issue that is of concern to

WTO members, China launched a law revamp program and investigated a

great number of infringement cases. These efforts have achieved

remarkable effect. The Chinese government has also revamped the administrative laws and regulations at ministerial and local levels.

By making and honoring promises that can be counted on, China has

shown its utmost sincerity and largeness of mind as a great and

responsible country/nation, gaining acclamations from WTO members and international public opinion. At the WTO annual deliberations, China.s

efforts have been fully recognized over the years. To accord its domestic economy with the WTO rules, China has manifested strong willingness to undertake responsibility; it has fulfilled its obligations as always and has

never wavered.

【评析】

1. Time flies.系英文习语,对译“光阴似箭”十分恰当。类似说法还有Time marches on。“光阴似箭,日月如梭。”亦可直译为Time passes like an arrow with the sun and moon moving fast like shuttles.。考生对常见的中文成语、

俗语英译要有一定积累。

2. in a twinkling of an eye系固定表达法,注意不能写为in a twinkling of eyes。此表达法亦可简化为in a twinkling。

3. “整整”可用altogether翻译,例如“这本书整整写了两年。”可译为The writing of this book took two years altogether.。

4. accede是不及物动词,因此后面的to必不可少。accede的名词形式是accession。

5. “中国加入世贸绝大多数承诺都已兑现”即是“中国已经兑现了大多数在加入世贸时许下的承诺”据此译为China has honored most of the promises it made when joining the WTO。“兑现”除可用honour翻译外,

亦可用fulfill和make good。

6. ahead of schedule系习语,意为before the planned time。另请掌握

behind schedule(落后于计划)和on schedule(按时,及时)。

7. “在..上”其实就是“关于”、“至于”、“就..而言”、“在..

方面”,除可用in respect of之外,亦可用in respect to、with regard to、

as regards和concerning。此类连接词要熟练掌握。

8. of concern系习语,意为sth. that is important to you or that involves you。

9. “工程”是有中国特色的词语,可译为project或programme,另举几例:

①菜篮子工程shopping-basket programme

②安居工程housing project

③希望工程Project Hope

10. revamp既可作动词,亦可作名词,此处是名词,亦可换用revamping

或revampment。“修改(法律)”亦可用amend或revise,如“修改宪

法”可译为amend/revise a constitution。

11. infringement的动词形式是infringe,另请联想“知识产权”的译法intellectual property right(IPR)。

12. “取得了显著成效”系常见搭配,译法亦有多种,如:produce a marked effect、achieve remarkable success和register extraordinary progress等。

13. “一诺千金,有诺必践”较文雅,可以先转化为通俗易懂的白话后再

翻译。

14. “襟怀”其实就是“广阔的胸襟”,由large-minded转化为名词词组largeness of mind。此词亦可译为openness of mind。

15. “赢得..的佳评”就是“赢得..的称赞”或“赢得..的赞誉”,

可以译为win the commendation of.、earn the acclaim of.、win the applause of.或be acclaimed by.。

16. “审议”译为deliberation或consideration,动词形式是deliberate和consider,另举几例:

①请各位代表审议

submit sth. to the deputies for deliberation/consideration

②正在审议中be under deliberation/consideration

17. “与..相符”亦可译为conform to、agree with和correspond to。

联想表示“与..相符”的短语in accordance with/to、in keeping with、

in conformity with和表示“与..不符”的短语:out of keeping with。

18. 注意fulfill one.s obligations这个搭配。

2005年9月

试题原文选自2005年8月25日《人民日报》特约评论员文章《论

伟大的抗战精神》。

【原文】伟大的抗战精神,蕴含着中华儿女和衷共济的团结精神。面对亡国灭种的民族危机,中华儿女,地无分南北,人无分老幼,有钱出钱,有力出力,举国上下,万众一心,用血肉筑成了一座侵略者不可逾越的新的长城。

“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈”,在民族患难的时代,这

种浩然之气概,不屈之节操,激励着中华儿女赴汤蹈火,殊死奋战,使救亡图存成为可歌可泣、英勇卓绝的斗争。

今年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利60周年。重温那段

血与火的悲壮历史,缅怀抗日先烈的丰功伟绩,弘扬中华民族伟大的抗战精神,在今天仍然具有十分重要的意义。

【译文】The great spirit of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is a vivid reflection of the Chinese people.s persistent solidarity. Faced with the national crisis, China.s sons and daughters, here or there,

old or young, rich or poor, gather together with one mind and build up an insurmountable Great Wall of resistance, with their flesh and blood. “Indulge never in money and rank, apostatize never when in poverty

and hardship, surrender never to power and force.” In times of national crisis, this formidable mettle and dauntless integrity prompt China.s sons

and daughters to go through fire and water and fight with the courage of despair, making the Anti Japanese War moving and praise worthy.

It is now the 60th anniversary of China.s Anti Japanese War and the

World Anti-fascist War. And it is still of great significance today for us to review the buskined history of fire and blood, to recall the great feats of

the gallant martyrs, and to carry forward our nation.s infinite morale of

anti aggression.

【评析】

1.“抗战”即“抗日战争”,译为the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,另联想“鸦片战争”和“辛亥革命”的译法:the Opium War 和the Revolution of 1911。请注意,此类词语皆有定译,不宜自行发挥,

新视野大学英语第四册课后习题汉译英答案(重点突出版)

Unit 1 1、这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能够很好的成长 The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2、研究结果表明,无论我们白天做了什么事情,晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3、有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大的努力,以此来为自己的失败辩护 Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4、我们忠于自己的承诺:凡是答应做的,我们都会做到 We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we would do it. 5、连贝多芬的父亲都不敢相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪 生也同样如此,他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝 Even Beethoven’s father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6、当局控告他们威胁国家安全 They were accused by the authorities of threatening the state security. Unit 2 1、要是这部喜剧中的人物更幽默些的话,就会吸引更多的观众 If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience. 2、她从未对自己的能力失去信心,因此它有可能成为一名成功的演员 She never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3、我从未接受过正式的培训,我只是边干边学 I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along. 4、随着产品进入国际市场,他们的品牌知名度越来越高了 As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity. 5、她可以编造一个故事,说自己被窃贼打昏,所有的钱都没了,但她怀疑自己是否能让这 故事听起来可信 She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable. 6、谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问,可是这引起了对他更多的批评 No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him. Unit 3 1、据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂,市长决定亲自出马调查这件事 Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to l ook into the affair in person. 2、这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了These workers regret yielding to the management’s advice and going back to work. Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs. 3、你只需填写一张表格就可取的会员资格,它可以使你在买东西的时享受打折的优惠

上海中级口译考试流程

中口考试流程

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