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科技英语翻译--被动语态的译法1精品

科技英语翻译--被动语态的译法1精品
科技英语翻译--被动语态的译法1精品

翻译技巧第九节被动语态的译法

英汉对比研究表明,英语中被动语态的使用极为普遍,尤其是以科技英语为主。这是英

语区别于汉语的显著特点之一。在英语中,大凡为了强调受事,以突出其鲜明位置,而无需提

及主动者、无意点明主动者、无从说出主动者,为了上下文的衔接与连贯等等,或是出于礼

貌措辞圆通等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁的,往往都采用被动语态。例如:

(1)When will we be interviewed?

我们什么时候来参加面试呢 ?

(2)New British and American films are often shown to English major juniors. 常给英

语专业的三年级的同学放映新的英美电影。

(3)The happy man cannot be harried.

吉人自有天相。

(4)You are cordially invited to a dinner party to be given at the Workers

Club in Xidan at 7 P Nov. 23.

谨定于 11 月 23日晚上 7 时在西单工人俱乐部举行晚宴,敬请光临。

(5)The plan was especially supported by those who wished to have more chance to

speak French. 这个计划特别受到愿多有机会说法语的人的支持。

在英语中,被动结构能给人以间接、客观的印象,因而在科技文献、政论文和新闻报道

等文体中使用尤为频繁。相比之下,被动语句在汉语中的使用范围小得多。主要原因在于,在历

史上,汉语被动语句主要用来表达对主语来说是如意或不希望发生的事情。现代汉语的这种限

制虽然在西方语言的影响下有所动,被动句式有时也用来表达中性甚至希冀之事,但是汉语采

用的主要是语义型句式,大多数被动意义并不一定非得通过被动语句来表达,而可以通过形式

上主动、语义上被动的句式予以体现。英语和汉语在被动语态使用上存在的这种差异决定了英

汉翻译中语态转换的必要性。

一、译成汉语的主动句

英语被动结构的句子译成汉语主动句包括以下几种不同情况:

(一) 原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语

在翻译英语被动句时,如果没有必要指出施事者,有时可以按原文语序翻译成汉语主动

句,原文的主语仍然充当译文的主语。因此,要把英语译成纯正地道、的汉语,译者往往需要采

用“受事主语 +谓语动词”的句式。例如:

(1)T he whole country was armed against foreign invaders in a few days. 几天之内,

整个国家就武装起来了,准备抵抗外来侵略者。

(2)T he transistors are widely used in communication system. 晶体管广泛用于通讯设备

中。

(3)O n our domestic stations , events in Iraq were dismissed briefly. 在我们国内电

台的广播中,伊拉克事件只轻描淡写地报道了一下。

(4)W ater can be changed from a liquid into a gas.

水能从液体变为气体。

(5)The old woman had been stricken with a heart attack earlier in the morning.

清晨,老太太的心脏病发作了。

(二)原文中的某一部分在译文中做主语

英语中有些被动句译成汉语时,可以将原句中的某个适当的成分转译成主语。经常转译

为主语的成分包括一些地点状语或其中的名词以及某些谓语。当然,谓语转译成主语时,谓

语动词也就相应地转换为名词。例如:

(1)T he numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter. 下一章提供了有关

的数字资料。

(2)Y et in that country the mobile phones were never produced. 然而,那个国家却从未

生产过手机。

(3)A“ triangle ” is defined as a plane figure with three sides and three

angles. “三角形”的定义是有三条边和三个角的平面图形。

(4)T he power supply with constant voltage should be used for this kind of

refrigerator. 这种冰箱应当使用稳压电源。

(5)E ven when the pressure stays the same,great changes in air density are caused

by changes in temperature.

即使压力不变,气温的变化也能引起空气密度的巨大变化。

(三)原文中的动作发出者在译文中做主语英语被动句中一般由介词 by 引出动作的发出著。研究表明,多数的英语被动不包含动作的发出者。在确实提及动作的发出者的的被动句里,发出者大都一定程度的强调。因此,译成汉语时,为使动作的发出者处于相应的突出地可以将其转译为主语。例如:

(1)Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by people. 人们只能利用

一小部分太阳能。

(2)The whole village had been practically destroyed by the big flood. 洪水几乎完全

淹没了整个村庄。

(3)Those towering peaks are only to be scaled by the most daring. 那些高耸的山峰只

有最勇敢的人才能攀登。

(4)The advent of numerical control was predicted by many to be the end of copying.

许多人曾经预言,数控技术的出现将是仿形加工工艺的结束。

(四)译成“是??的”汉语判断句式有些英语被动句着重对事物的状态、过程和性质等

加以描述,其作用与系表结构类似。

因此,翻译这类英语被动句时,经常可以采用“是??的”的汉语判断句式。例如:

(1)T he credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.

美国的学分制是 1872 年在哈佛大学首先实施的 .

(2)T he decision to return to my hometown during Spring Festival was not taken lightly because

I was very busy at that time. 回老家过春节的决定不是轻易做出的,因为那时我很忙。

(3)I t is said that, poets are born, but orators are made. 人们说,诗人是天生的,而

演说家则是后天造就的。

二、译成汉语被动句虽然被动语态在英语中的使用范围颇广,但其标记却很单一,主要是

“be+动词的过去

分词”及其变化形式。相反,汉语的被动语态使用不多,但标记要繁杂得多。汉语中表达被动意义的语言手段主要包括使用“被” 、“受”、“遭”、“让”、“给”、“为??所” 、“加以”、“予以”等等。下面分六种情况加以说明。

(一)在谓语前面使用“被”字当汉语译文中不出现行为主体时,有时可以在谓语前使用

“被”字来表示被动意义。

例如:

(1)The project on air pollution was shelved because of shortage of money. 空气污染

的研究计划因资金短缺被搁置下来了。

(2)T he heated water is thus cooled as it goes through the radiator. 热水流过冷却器

时就被冷却了。

(3)A t the end of last year he was fired for incompetence. 去年年底,他因自己无能而

被解雇了。

(4)T his shopping mall was enjoined from using false advertising. 这家大型购物中心

被禁止使用虚假广告。

(5)U p to now, sulfur dioxide has been regarded as one of the most serious of these

pollutants. 到目前为止,二氧化硫一直被看作是这些污染物中最严重的一种。

(二)在谓语动词前省略“被”字在行为主体没有出现的汉语被动句中,当其被动意义非常明显时,汉语习惯上不使用“被”字。比如汉语说“作业做完了” ,而不说“作业被做完了” 。这种不使用“被”字的被动句在形式上与主动句相似,但意义上却是被动的。在现代汉语中,不使用“被”字的被动句比使用“被”字的要多得多。例如:

(1)T his kind of instrument must be handled with great care. 这种仪器操作要非常小

心。

(2)A ll these factors ought to be taken into consideration. 所有这些因素都应当考

虑。

(3)S o far no conclusion has been arrived at. 到目前为止还没有得出结论。

(4)I n this sense, bad things can be turned into good things. 从这一点上来说,坏事

也可以变成好事。

(5)A ccompanying the visible light, a great deal of invisible radiation, or radiant

heat, is emitted. 大量的不可见的辐射热,伴随着可见光释放出来。

(三)在行为主体前使用“被” 、“给”等字在这类汉语句子中,在“被” 、“给”等字后面,动词的前面,有一个名词,也就是行为主体,作为该动词的逻辑主语。例如:

(1)The second half of her words was torn away by the strong wind. 她的后半句

话,给大风刮得听不见了。

(2)That schoolboy was knocked down by a bus when he was crossing the street.

那个男生在穿过街道时让一辆公共汽车撞倒了。

(3)All around, the mountains were black with oil, and some were hidden by gas

and drifting Oil spray. 四周,由于蒙上了一层油,山峦是黑色的,有的山峦则被天

然气和在风中飘洒的喷油遮挡住了。

(四)使用“为??所”句型

(1)A s soon as all the facts have been found out , we can begin to formulate a

theory. 一旦所有的事实为人们所发现,理论即可形成。

(2)This system of units is commonly used by most mathematicians.

这种单位制通常为大多数数学家所采用。

(3)In his late thirties he was almost knocked down in his despondency of the

unsuccessful career.

在他三十多岁时,由于事业上的挫折,他几乎为失意所毁。

(4)These views of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping have now been adopted by every

Chinese who hopes China to be prosperous and strong. 毛泽东和邓小平这种观点,

现在已经为每一个希望中国富强起来的中国人所接受。

(五)使用“加以” 、“予以”字样

(1)This problem will be discussed in the next meeting. 这个问题将在下次开会时予

以讨论。

(2)The proposal will be examined by a special committee. 这项提议将由一个特别委

员会加以审查。

(3)The details of the interior will be further fitted up to match the exterior.

室内将进一步加以装修,使之与室外装饰浑然一体。

(4)The man-made satellite must be carefully inspected before launching. 人造卫星

在发射前必须仔细地予以检查。

(六)使用“ (遭)受”字样

(1)She was policed by her boss ' cops.

她受到她老板雇用的警察的监督。

(2 ) The American scholars were given a hearty welcome in Tsinghua University.

这些美国学者在清华大学受到热烈欢迎。

(3)She was not affected by the noise outside and was absorbed in reading her

novel. 她不受外面嘈杂声的影响,完全沉浸在她的小说中。

(4)The American President Bill Clinton was received with great honor and much

kindness when he paid a visit to China.

美国总统比尔 . 克林顿在中国访问期间受到中方非常隆重和盛情的接待。

(5)Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world. 我们的外交

政策受到全世界人民的支持。

三、译成汉语无主句英语中有许多被动句未提及施动者,这种句子常常可以译成汉语的无主句。(一)将原文中的主语译成宾语,置于动词之后

(1)This kind of unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to. 必须立即终止

这种令人讨厌的噪音。

(2)A pistol had been found close to the murdered old man. 在被害老人的旁边发现了

一把手枪。

(3)Nearly 600 tons of accumulated refuse and dregs were removed altogether in

six days. 六天内运走了近六百吨堆积的垃圾和渣土。

(二)将原文中的主语译成宾语,置于动词之前

(1)The tall building had been practically destroyed by the big fire last year.

去年的那场大火使这座高楼几乎全部毁灭。

(2)Kissinger was alarmed by Chi na's first atomic blast in October, 1964.

1964 年 10 月,中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹,这把基辛格吓了一跳。

(3)And the astonishing thing is that this most dangerous operation was organized by a young attractive twenty-one-year-old British girl, Mary Smith by name. 令人惊奇的是,这个极其危险的作战行动是由一个年轻貌美的英国姑娘组织的,她名叫玛丽·史密斯,年仅二十一岁。

(三)主语和谓语合译英语中有些动词词组中含有名词,变成被动语态时将该名词用作了

主语,这是一种特殊的被动语态。译成汉语时可以把主语和谓语合在一起翻译,译成汉语无主句的谓语。例如:

(1)Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp.

应当始终注意保护这些精密仪器,不使其沾染灰尘,不让他们受潮。

(2)Use is made of an electronic computer in solving this complicated problem.

在解决这一复杂问题时,利用了电子计算机。

四、英语常用被动句型的汉语习惯译法

(一)增补一些含泛指意义的词充当主语如果英文句子中没有表示施动者的现成词语,又

不宜将其他成分转译成主语,译成无主句也不合适,那么在翻译这种英语被动句时,可以依据逻辑意义增补某些泛指性词语做主语,比如“有人” 、“我们”、“人们”、“大家”,等等。例如:

(1)Shakespeare is known to be one of the most famous playwrights in British history. 大家知道,莎士比亚是英国历史上最伟大的剧作家之一。

(2) Do not be surprised if you are offered mineral water, milk or coffee with

a meal. 用餐时如果人家给你提供矿泉水、牛奶或咖啡,你用不着诧异。

(3)She was seen to enter the flat about the time the crime was committed. 有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那所公寓。

(4) Electrons n 旭 known to be exceptionally small negatively charged particle. 大家知道,电子是极其微小的带负电荷的粒子。

(5)Suggestions were made to present the trade terms in another manner for the purpose of easier reading and understanding last year. 去年有人建议,采用另一

种方式表达贸易术语,以便更加易于阅读和理解。

(二)以it 作形式主语的被动语态句型的习惯译法

在英语中,以 it 作形式主语的被动句型在各类文章中比比皆是,汉译时一般均按主动结

构译出。有时不加主语,如 It is reported that. . . (据报道);It is said that ?

(据说);It is supposed that. . . (据推测);It is hoped that ?(希望);It has been Droved that. . . (业已证明);It should be noted that 应当?指(出);It is assumed that. . . (假设,假定);It cannot be denied that. . . (不可否认);It may be said without fear of exaggeration that ?可(以毫不夸张地说);It is estimated that 据?估(计);It must be realized that... (必须了解);It must be kept in mind that (必须记住);It must be admitted that 必须?承认();It must be pointed that 必须指?出

();It will

be seen from this that. . . (由此可见);有时则需要增补一些泛指性词语做主语,包括“有人”、“我们”、人们”、“大家”等等。现先将这类需增补主语的常见句型及其习惯译法列举如下:

It is well known that ?大家知道(众所周知)

下面再看一些以 it 作形式主语的被动语态句型在汉语句子中的翻译情况:

(1)It is well known that gunpowder is one of the four inventions of the ancient

Chinese people.

大家知道,火药是中国古代的四大发明之一。

(2) It is felt that her plans for a film star had all been merely a day dream. 有人说

她那些当电影明星的计划全都是白日梦罢了。

(3) It is thought that Poland will repay the loans by exporting some of the new products back to the West.

有人认为,波兰将通过向西方出口这些新产品的部分产品来偿还贷款。

(4) It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence. 据谣传 . 那场事故是由于疏

忽而造成的。

(5) It is believed that many people spend up to five years of their lives in that

tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting.

有人认为,许多人一生中在乏味而令人厌烦、却又无法避免的等待上所耗费的时 间竞达五年之多。

在实际的英汉翻译过程中,被动语态的翻译往往是以上各种方法的综合、灵活运用。 It is admitted that ? It is stressed that. . . It is suggested

that. . . It is believed that. . . It is regarded that. . . It is thought that. . . It is taken that. . . It is felt that. . . It is generally accepted that. It is pointed out that. . . It is noticed that. . . It is found out

that. . .

It is alleged that. . .

It is declared that. . .

It is understood

人们 (大家 ) 承认 有

人强调说 有人建议 有人

相信 (认为 ) 人们认为 人们 (有人 ) 认为 人

们 (有人 ) 认为 人们

(有人) 认为 (感到 )

大家公认 (一般认为 )

有人指出 人们注意到 人

们发现 人们断言 人们宣

称 (据宣称 ) 人们理解

(不用说 ) 有人反驳

有人 (人们) 主张 (要求 ) 有人主张 (断言 )

实用科技英语翻译-期末考试复习题

2009-2010学年第2学期 《实用科技英语翻译》期末考试题型和复习题 I Answer the following questions related to EST Translation (30’)(2个题) 1. What’s the definition of EST (English of Science & Technology)? EST (English for Science & Technology or Technical English or Scientific English) is a special language variety widely used in the fields of science and technology. It’s believed that it first came to being in the 1950s along with the rapid development of science and technology, and it many researchers and scholars began to conduct investigation of this common feature of this special genre including reading comprehension, writing and even translation. 2. What are stylistic features of EST? Completely different from other genres such as everyday English, literature English, EST has its own stylistic features due to the specialty in content, field and discourse functions, and partly due to the unique habits of EST writers, which are mostly represented in lexical level and syntactical level. 3. What are the general features of Compound Technical Terms? A. accuracy(确切性): accurately reflect the nature of the concept B. monosemy(单义性): one sense for one word C .systematization(系统性):the individual technical terms in a given field should be in a specific level so as to constitute a common system D. linguistically correct(语言的正确性): in accordance with the word-formation in the same language E. conciseness(简明性): concise and easy to remember F. motivation(理据性): just as the name implies, one can know the meaning of the word.

翻译的基本技巧 被动语态的翻译

翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法 语态转换译法 1 顺译法 顺译成被动句 顺译成主动句 2 倒译法 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 倒译成汉语的无主句 3 分译法 一、顺译法 既保留原文的主语,又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。 1 顺译法 (Translation in Original Order) 1. 1 顺译成被动句 A.译成“被”字 所谓“被”字句,就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊,或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者(受事者)是不乐意或不情愿接受的。 例1:Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated. 【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 例2:Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精,植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏,以备种子未来发芽之需。例3:She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Bront?: Jane Eyre) 【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的,做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套,跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。 B. 译成“挨”字句 “挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者(受事者)不利或不好的句子。 例1:The boy was criticized yesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。 例2:I was caught in the downpour. 【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。 C. 译成“给”字句

科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.

翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法

被动语态的译法(12)

第五章被动语态的译法 (教学安排:2课时) 第一节英语被动句的译法 英语中被动语态使用范围很广,尤其是在科技英语中, 被动语态几乎随处可见,凡是在不必或不愿说出或无从说出施动者以及为了便于连贯上下文或者为了强调动作的承受者等场合,往往都用被动语态。汉语中虽然也有被动语态,但使用范围狭窄得多。这是一种十分有趣的比较。有人统计,《水浒传》全书仅仅用了120格被动句,而例1计14个谓语动词,竟用了13个被动语态。 例1 原文:As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the ground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig”is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called“a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves. 译文: 英语被动句多数情况下译成汉语的主动句,只有在特别强调被动动作或特别突出被动句才译成汉语被动句。我们要选一种既符合汉语习惯,又保持上下文连贯的译法。 英语被动句的翻译主要有以下几种情况: 一、译成汉语主动句 1.原句中的主语、谓语不变,译文中没有表示被动的标志,如“被、把”字等,形式上是主动句,表达被动意义。 例2 原文:On Practice has been translated into many foreign languages. 译文: 例3 原文:The whole country was armed in a few days. 译文: 例4 原文:The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated. 译文: 2.原句中的主语移到谓语之后,译作宾语。 例5 原文:Another middle school has been set up in our district. 译文: 例6 原文:1,200 people had been saved by soldiers in the earthquake. 译文: 例7

被动语态的翻译

被动语态翻译 英语中被动语态使用范围很广,凡是在不必或不愿说出或无从说出施动者以及为了便于连贯上下文或者为了强调动作的承受者等场合,往往都用被动语态。英语被动句的翻译主要有以下几种情况: 一、译成汉语主动句。 1.原句中的主语、谓语不变,译文中没有表示被动的标志,如“被、把”字等,形式上是主动句,表达被动意义。例如:Eg. On Practice has been translated into many foreign languages. 《实践论》已译成许多国家的文字。Eg. The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内,全国就武装起来了。 2.原句中的主语移到谓语之后,译作宾语。Eg. Another middle school has been set up in our district.我们区又办了一所中学。Eg. 1,200 people had been saved soldiers in the earthquake. 在地震中,战士们已救出1200人。 3.译成带表语的主动句。Eg. The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。Eg. In the old society,women were looked down upon. 在旧社会,妇女们是受歧视的。 4.含主语从句的被动句型译为主动句。以it作形式主语的英语句子,翻译时常要转为主动形式,有时可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我们” 等不确定主语。例如:Eg. It is reported that the enemy has been breeding new strains of killer viruses.据报道敌人正在培育新的杀人病毒。Eg. It is suggested that meeting be put off till next Monday.有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。Eg. It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colours.众所周知,自然光其实是由许多种颜色构成的。 这类句型还有:it is said that... /It is supposed that.../It must be pointed out that.../It is asserted that.../It is generally considered that... 二、译成汉语被动句 为了强调被动动作或突出施动者时,可以将英语被动句译为汉语被动句。 1.汉语句中有“被”、“遭受”等词。Eg. North China was hit by an unexpected heavy rain,which caused severe flooding.华北地区遭受了一场意外的大雨袭击,引起了严重的水灾。Eg. The window pane was broken by the child. 窗上玻璃被这小孩打碎了。 2.译成“为……所”的结构。Eg. Granny Wang was forced by familv circumstances to enter a knitting mill in Shanghai as a child labourer at the age of twelve. 王大妈为家境所迫,十二岁就到上海一家针织厂作童工。Eg. I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动,后来我就把它们写在圣诞卡上了。三、译成“招”、“使”和“由”字句 Eg. The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。Eg. The plan is going to be examined first by the research group. 计划将先由研究小组加以研究。Eg. By evening the occupation was complete,and the people were chased off the streets by an eight o'clock curfew. 至傍晚,占领已告完成八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街上赶回家。四、译成无主语句 Eg. Some measures must be taken to control the water pollution. 必须采取某些措施来控制水污染。Eg. Methods are found to take these materials out of the rubbish and use them again. 现在已经找到了从垃圾中提取这些材料并加以利用的方法。 综上所述,英语被动句多数情况下译成汉语的主动句,只有在特别强调被动动作或特别突出被动句才译成汉语被动句。我们要选一种既符合汉语习惯,又保持上下文连贯的译法。同时,既要注意语态转换的一般规则,也要注意其例外情况,有的被动语态形式已习语化了,更是不可忽视的。

被动语态翻译题

被动语态练习题 1.我们希望你尽快完成那项工作。 2我们已在会议上讨论了那个重大的问题。 3.学生们经常在课上做那样的练习题。 4.明年他们将在这条河上建一座新大桥。 5.你的家庭作业做完了吗? 6.这家工厂制作这种自行车。 7.上课之前我们必须交上数学练习本。

8.我们把这个房间当作会议室使用。 9.明天他们会完成植树吗? 10.你可以早一点做完它。 11.我看见她从学校出来了。 12.她给了我一件生日礼物。 13.我们还没有担完水。 14.你能在两小时之内干完活吗? 15.我从没听他说过关于这件事.

16.即使问题的确出现了,也可以轻易地得到改正或解决。 17.在全体工作人员的共同努力下,这项生产计划得以顺利实施。 18.人们重新发现了古代文明。 19.教授们因此得到了报酬。 20.人们预计直到2000年那个国家的失业率都会保持稳定。 21.必须立刻处理他频繁的逃课问题。

22.人脑与电脑的区别可以用一个词形容:复杂性。 23.从那以后人们通常认为它是一把双刃剑,就像人的克隆一样,在增加我们的财富以及给我们带来舒适的同时,其潜在的危险又让人们感到恐慌。 24.人们相信核能是我们这个时代最伟大的革新之一,然而人们又担心它会毁灭世界。 25.一种在世界范围内迅速传播的计算机病毒已

经感染了50000多台电脑。 26.大体上来说,人可以分为三种:一种是劳累至死的,一种是忧心至死的,还有一种无聊至死的。 27.总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定把握的, 然而,必须具备两个条件:能够假定这个孩子与他的竞争能力对手对考试已经有着相同的态度;他也不会因为缺乏对手们已掌握的有关知识而被处罚。

科技英语翻译理论与技巧的心得体会

学习《科技英语翻译理论与技巧》课程后的几点体会和收获 学院:专业: 班级:姓名:学号: 英语翻译,是具有逻辑思维、科学理论和艺术色彩三者集中亮相的一种语言学问。 但是,在学习《科技英语翻译理论》之前,我对翻译的看法却不是这样认为的,对它的态度却是那么的不恭,那么的不敬,只认为它是语言的奴隶,是一种枯燥乏味的、低俗的赚钱工具,根本谈不上“学问”这一个崇高的词语,更是谈不上它具有科学理论、艺术色彩、逻辑思维这些完美的名词。事实总是存在与主观想法互相不吻合的时刻,庆幸的是,在这个不该延长下去的时刻,我恰恰结束了它的延长时间——我开始学习《科技英语翻译理论》。 现在,在我的脑海中,翻译不再是语言的奴隶,而是语言的灵魂。语言是人与人之间交流的重要工具,如果没有了翻译,那么人与人之间的交流在很大程度上就会受到阻碍,世界的文化交流历史将要重新编写。 翻译不是一个单词一个词语地翻译,而是要拥有逻辑性的翻译。 在学习《科技英语翻译理论》之前,每当翻译句子时,我并没有考虑到译文的逻辑性以及通顺性,直接按照原语言的单词顺序非常死板地翻译成译文,使译文读起来非常生硬,不通顺,不仅大大改变了原语言的韵味,而且大大降低了译文的可读性。但是,自从学习了《科技英语翻译理论》之后,回想起自己以前所翻译的句子,感觉自己跟那些没有学过英语的人没有什么两样。 在翻译时,我们必须考虑译文的逻辑性和通顺性,最起码让译文读起来不会出现拗口以及很乱的感觉。在翻译之前,必须仔细地推敲原语言,把原语言的每一个单词都弄懂,然后再运用译文的逻辑性把这些已经翻译成译文的单词组合在一起,最后理清一下句子的通顺性,经过了这一番程序过程之后,一句很通顺的句子就这样精彩地诞生了。句子通顺畅达,读者读起来朗朗上口,这才体现出翻译的魅力以及美丽。 翻译应该是科学地翻译。 翻译不是精通一门外语,借助于词典和工具书就能为之的事,缺少对原语文化的深入研究,是很难保证翻译的水平和质量,而且是一种枯燥乏味的语言翻译。翻译要熟悉两种语言,悟出语言所具有的无比威力,还要透过语言所传达的信息,了解其背后的文化和精神,从而体会到两种语言文化的差异。语言不仅仅是信息的载体,还是文化的载体。不同民族由于不同的生存环境,对世界的不同认识,往往形成各自独特的文化背景和文化模式。人类对信息

英汉翻译方法1——被动语态译法

被动语态的翻译 教学内容 ?1、英语中常用被动语态的情况 ?Why passive voice is used in English? ?2、汉语中被动意义的表现方式 ?How the sense of “passiveness” is conveyed in Chinese ?3、英语被动语态的翻译 Memo ?Suppose a little boy broke someone’s window. ?1. Your son broke my window. ?2. The window was broken by your son. ?Notes: If the owner of the house wants to complain to the boy’s parent, he would say “1”; ?But if he just talks about the window and does not want to trace the responsibility of the incident he would simply say “2”. ?When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel. ?When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel. ?一、被动语态在英语中的运用 被动语态的广泛使用是英语区别于汉语的一大特点。这一特点在科技英语语体中反映得尤为突出。这不仅是因为被动结构比主动结构更少主观色彩,结构更简单,还因为有不必、不愿或无从说出施动者等情况的存在。 ?1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如: Such books are written for children. We haven’t been told about it. The English evening has been put off till Saturday. ?2、出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。例如: You are requested to give a performance. It is said that you were late for class this morning. Why were your late? ?3、无从说出施动者是谁。例如: You’re wanted on the phone. The problem is being studied. Rice is chiefly grown in the south. ?4、为了便于上下衔接。例如: He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.

科技英语翻译技巧

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科技英语翻译

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