新编大学英语课文翻译及课后练习答案

新编大学英语综合教程3 第三版课后答案

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Organization of the Text

1) Introduction: (para.1)

Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.

2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect: (para.2—3)

Peop le’s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.

People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence.

People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.

3) Ways of overcoming shyness: (para.4—15)

i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses.

ii) Set reasonable goals.

iii) Don’t waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame.

iv) Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.

v) Do not make negative comments about yourself.

vi) Accept criticism thoughtfully.

vii) Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences.

viii) Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate.

ix) Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly.

x) Practice being in social situations.

4) Conclusion: (para.16)

The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.

2. Understanding Specific Information

1) F 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) F 8) F

3. Group Discussion

1) I think the most effective ways of overcoming shyness are the first and seventh ways.

Recognizing our personal strengths and weaknesses is useful because if we know ourselves better, we can feel more self-confident. We can be more objective, instead of being blind. The seventh way is to profit from failures and disappointments as learning experiences. If we allow ourselves to get discouraged and sad when we fail, then we will feel more unsure of ourselves. But if we think of a failure as a learning experience, we are adopting a positive attitude. By analyzing objectively why we failed and planning how to set about doing things differently we will be more likely to succeed next time.

2) Modesty is used to describe a reserved appraisal of one’s merits, abilities or success. The

opposite of modesty is arrogance or boastfulness. Modest people don’t want to talk about their

abilities or achievements. Modest people know their strengths and their worth, but choose to downplay their greatness and be humble. So modesty is the result of confidence. Shyness is used to describe the uncomfortable feeling one has in the company of others. It often implies a lack of self-confidence and a timid, reserved manner. Modesty is a good personality trait while shyness in many cases is undesirable.

3) B eing shy isn’t necessarily a bad thing.It is appropriate and normal to be shy in some circumstances, for example, in the pres ence of teachers, your boss, your parents’ friends or your prospective in-laws; when you are dating someone, especially the first time; when you are with strangers; when you are in a new environment; when you’re facing a large audience. In fact, it can eve n be helpful to be a little shy. When you’re shy and keep silent, you may spend a little time observing the surroundings and people around before jumping right into the new situation.

Vocabulary

1. “Self-”is a prefix which means “of, to or by oneself or itself” .

Words with the prefix “self-” that appear in the text: self-conscious, self-concept, self-assurance, self-worth, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-destructive, self-awareness, self-acceptance, self-rejection, self-confident.

1) self-conscious (worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you)

2) self-confidence (belief in one’s own ability, power, judgment, etc.; confidence in oneself)

3) self-esteem (the feeling that you are someone who deserves to be liked, respected, or admired)

4) self-destructive (with thoughts or actions that are counter to one’s own best interests)

5) self-worth (the value you give to your life and achievements)

6) self-concept (one’s conception or general idea of one’s own basic characte r and nature)

7) self-awareness (realistic knowledge and judgment about oneself)

8) self-assurance/self-confidence (the belief that you are able to deal with people and problems easily)

2. Part A

1) G 2) I 3) A 4) F 5) C 6) D 7) J 8) B 9) E 10) H

Part B

1) profound 2) jealousy 3) overcome 4) eventually 5) compliments

6) diminish 7) reassurance 8) detrimental 9) isolated 10) accented

3. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded 5) sensitive 6) respond/react 7) eliminated 8) overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment

Translation

1. Shyness can vary from feeling mild discomfort to high levels of anxiety that impact us in almost

everything we do.

2. Despite his stubbornness, he knew in his heart that he should avoid arousing any suspicions.

3. It will be interpreted as criticism no matter what you say.

4. Let’s not allow ourselves to be upset by trifles (which) we should despise and forget.

5. Too much time spent dwelling on the past can get in the way of enjoying life as it happens.

6. People who believe they can accomplish goals and solve problems are more likely to do well in

school.

Further Development

1. Enriching Your Word Power

1) B 2) B 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) C 8) A 9) A 10) C

哈哈，等我再上传啦。。。。。。

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Unit 9 Music In-Class Reading Music to Your Gear 参考译文 音乐与开车 安迪·埃利斯 1 尽管音乐能使你胸中的怒气平息，但是开车时听音乐也会损害你的健康。近期研究表明，听声音很响的音乐会严重地影响司机的注意力，而且心理学家也提醒人们，不断地在车里放这种音乐是很危险的，尤其是处于车流中或在高速公路上开车时。 2 音乐有两个极端，任何一个极端都有可能带来危险。重金属音乐以其强烈的节奏会使人莽撞驾驶，而聆听处于另一个极端的优美的、令人舒心的音乐，会使司机过分放松，以至于丧失安全意识，陷入迷迷糊糊的欲睡状态。 3 英国汽车协会一直关注道路安全，它委托搞了一个项目，研究严重车祸与音乐之间的关系。这项研究发现，17至25年龄段的男人是最危险、最易产生车祸的群体。研究还发现，这个群体的人70%的开车时间都在听音乐。 4 快节奏或重金属音乐要是放得很响，会使人易怒好斗，开起车来就会冲劲十足，这种司机也就更容易去冒险。开车的速度受到了音乐的速度和节奏的控制。 5 在试验中，给那些自愿参加实验的司机听声音很响的音乐，他们说尽管他们不一定感到非要开快车，但的确发现自己换档更快了，加速也快了，刹车更急了。若是让这些司机听慢节奏的抒情曲，他们承认经常感到自己走神，他们在高速公路上长途开车时，至少有两位参试的司机发现自己不知不觉地在跨越车道标记。 6 这些自愿参试的司机（有些刚刚拿到驾驶执照）所发表的意见非常说明问题。十八岁的西蒙告诉英国汽车协会，“《走出地狱的蝙蝠》里的快节奏摇滚乐真会让人送命的。我发现自己不知不觉地越开越快。” 7 另一名自愿参试的司机一直在听ZZ Top乐队最流行的曲子，他说，“我一直在快速行驶，扯着嗓门唱歌，没有看见也没有听见那辆一直想超过我的消防车。” 8 还有些人说：“我陷入了深思”…… “人的感觉会变得麻木” …… “听不见别的汽车是个问题”，“我一直在随着音乐的节奏加快速度。” 9 一些慢节奏的背景音乐，如肖邦的音乐，会刺激人的大脑，使思维模式发生变化，激发阿尔法脑波，使人有一种舒服愉快的感觉。处于放松状态在大多数情况下对我们有好处，但开车时则不然。心理学家雪利?费希尔教授提醒人们说：“最大的危险是疲劳驾驶。有些音乐会使你无法集中注意力，甚至陷入轻度睡眠状态，那样就会造成可怕的惨祸。” 10 “问题的关键在于根据具体情况选择合适的音乐。刺激性的音乐适合在漫长、枯燥的道路上听，但是当交通状况糟糕时，或是交通拥挤时，这种音乐会分散你的注意力。” 11 然而，音乐也有其好的一面，正如英国汽车协会的心理学家罗伯特?韦斯特所指出的那样：“如果有些音乐影响我们安全行驶，那么反过来也是有道理的。

英语翻译题目及答案

1)你应该适当花一点时间休息和锻炼。(reasonable) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) 总的来说，孩子们比过去任何时候都更健康，受到了更好的教育。(in general) In general, children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) 待适当的机会来临，他就能抓住。(come along) Wh en the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4）每天他都留出点时间跟家人在一起，享受生活。(set aside) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life 5) 我记得那些黑暗的街道以及同父亲手拉手走路的情景。(hand in hand) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father 6) 他最终辜负了父母的期望。(live up to) He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations. 相比之下，我们的用油量大幅度上升了。(in contrast) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) 经过努力，他成功地克服了自己的致命弱点。(overcome) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. 1) 人们认为，悲观常常会导致绝望、疾病和失败。 It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure. 2) 与此相反，乐观主义能使你幸福、健康和成功。 Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. 3) 当你做某件事失败时，把失败当作一种学习的经历从中汲取益处。 When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience ) 在问题或困难面前，要想想自己的长处并树立起自信心。 Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties. 5) 不要让消极的想法阻碍你。 Don’t let negative thoughts hold y ou back. 6) 每个人都经历过失败和失望，因此不要过多地责怪自己。 Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much. 1) She wore a dress ____with a pattern of rose__________ (有玫瑰图案) on it. 2) Helen had ____prepared a wonderful/good meal for us_ (为我们准备了一顿丰盛的饭菜). 3) Ann _______promised faithfully___ (信誓旦旦地保证) that she would never tell. 4) Could you ____deliver this letter__ (把这封信送到) to the accounts department? 5) We were offered ____a selection of milk and plain____chocolate (精选的牛奶巧克力和纯巧克力). 6) Tell the children to ___keep out of mischief / behave themselves_____(别胡闹). 7) We could hear _____the sound of distant thunder_____ (远处打雷的声音). 8) The project has now __received approval from the government (得到政府的批准). 9) Kelly loved her husband ____in spite of the fact that he drank too much (虽然他喝酒太多). 10) Experts seem unable to ____agree whether the drug is safe or not_ (就这个药是否安全取得一致意见). 1. Not every bomb has hit its target. 并非每个炸弹都击中了目标。 2. We can have one or the other but not both simultaneously. 我们能够得到其中一个，但不能同时两个都有。 3. She wanted nothing more than work. 她只想要工作。 4. You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好。 5. I have yet to receive an apology from a child who just ran over my foot while chasing a sibling. 有个小孩在追逐自家的兄弟姐妹时踩了我的脚，却仍未向我道歉。 1. 并非所有父母都和你一样能提供很多情况。 Not all parents are as informative as you

新编大学英语4(第二版)Unit 1-Unit 6单元 课文翻译及课后答案详解

课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：―我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。‖有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：―啊哈，你又上了我的当。‖ 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 ―滑稽剧‖是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：―昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？‖那位男士回答道：―那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。‖这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 ―俏皮话‖不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。当火车慢慢停下来时，第一位绅士问道：―这是Wembley (温布利)吗？‖―不，‖第二位绅士说：―是Thursday (星期四)。‖―我也是，‖第三位说道，―让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。‖我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背，因此会把Wembley（温布利）听成了Wednesday（星期三），把Thursday（星期四）听成了thirsty（渴了），这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。 10 著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位俏 皮话大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中，一位老师说： ―你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业？‖那位年轻的 学生回答道：―我没有一字不改地抄。我把作业上的 名字改成自己的了。‖在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里， 一位生气的父亲问道：―告诉我，1加2等于几？‖ 儿子说：―我不知道。‖这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道： ―比方说，你、你妈妈和我，我们加起来一共是几个， 傻瓜？‖儿子得意地回答道：―是三个傻瓜。‖ 这些 故事无论是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演 员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲，都为各地人们所喜 爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事，因为它们贴近现实 生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。 11 双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。它使用的技巧 是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些 批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默，但我不同意这 种观点。双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细 微、更巧妙的语言技巧；然而，简单的双关语甚至 很小的孩子也能利用。例如，谜语或脑筋急转弯问 题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节，而且更多 地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。 记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人 问：―什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的？‖另外 一个人通常猜不出来，于是问道：―我不猜了。是什 么呀？‖出谜语的人回答：―是报纸。‖如果你知道在 英语中―red（红色）‖和―read（读）‖的读音一样但 意思完全不同，答案就很明显了。 12 DOUBLE ENTENDRES （法语中的―一语双 关‖）是双关语的特殊形式, 其中的词或短语有双重 意思。两个意思往往很不相同，一个比较恰当，另 一个往往比较粗俗—但并不总是这样。我喜欢那个 关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场 上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教 师对学生们说；―我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场 上接吻。‖听到笑声，她意识到她没有把意思表达清 楚，于是补充说：―我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子 下面发生接吻这样的事了。‖当然，这个解释并没有 纠正她的第一句话，反而使这个笑话的双重含义变 得更加好笑。 13 一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏 智慧，不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有 色情意味或粗俗的语言，而且觉得大多数幽默家缺 乏创造性。的确，现在有些幽默令人震惊，但我认 为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的，它 还会继续生存下去，只因为每天都有有趣的事情发 生。一些有幽默感的人会看到听到这些有趣的事 情，并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故 事。 V ocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 1 我当体育编辑，最早是为蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州） 的《企业导报》工作，当时我很少收到体育迷的来 信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸 引住了。 2 打开来信，我看到了下面的话：―关于老虎队的 述评很不错，再接再厉。‖签名的是体育编辑堂?沃 尔夫。当时我只是一个十几岁的小伙子（为每一竖 栏写一英寸文字，稿酬总计达15美分），因此他的 话最鼓舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉 里，后来它的边角都卷起来了。每当我怀疑自己不 是当作家的料时，重温一下堂的便笺，就又会树起 信心来。 3 后来，我逐渐对堂有所了解，知道给各行各业 的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。他 告诉我说：―当我使别人充满信心时，我也感觉好极 了。‖ 4 因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利 湖那么大。去年他去世了，享年75岁。电话与悼 函像潮水般涌向报社，都来自于曾经得到过他激励 （文字）的人们。 5 多年来，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他 们关心别人，常写一些鼓舞人心的话语，因为我觉 得，他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷 漠、无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺给人们带来了温 暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几 行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。 6 那么，这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若 晨星呢？我猜想很多人回避写，是因为他们太看重 人们的看法。他们担心会被误解，怕别人觉得他们 自作多情或者言不由衷。还有，写也要花时间，远 不如打电话方便。 7 当然打电话的缺点是：说过的话留不住。而一 张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍贵。便笺是白 纸黑字记录在案的东西，而且我们写下的字可以反 复阅读，细细品味并珍藏起来。 8 尽管写便笺会多花一些时间，但一些非常忙的 人也在这么做，其中包括乔治?布什。有人说，他政 治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备 写字的笔。这是怎么回事呢？在他整个职业生涯 中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信， 内容亲切——一句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一 段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相 逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他 的人，后来收到他热情的赞扬信，感到很惊讶。 9 那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风 只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人 也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且从中获益匪浅。 唐纳德?彼得森，福特公司的前主席，把每天写便笺 鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在80年代时 走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。―我只不过匆匆 地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话，然后 传递出去，‖他说道。―每天最重要的一段时间，就 是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。‖ 10 ―太多的时候，‖他发表自己的看法说，―那些 我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们 的。太多的时候，我们会以为，我并没有说过什么 批评的话，为什么非得去说好话呢？我们忘了，人 类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上，我们靠这个 取得进步，获得成功！‖ 11 怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢？只 要我们怀有要表示感激之情的心愿。写这种便笺的 高手都具有我所谓的―４S‖技巧。 12 １）真诚(sincere)。没人要听虚假的赞美。 13 ２）简短(short)。如果不能用三句话表达出你 的意思，你很可能过火了，写得太长。 14 ３）具体(specific)。赞扬一位业务伙伴―演讲