搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 大英 III Unit 2 课文翻译和练习答案

大英 III Unit 2 课文翻译和练习答案

大英 III Unit 2 课文翻译和练习答案
大英 III Unit 2 课文翻译和练习答案

大英III

Unit 1

Pre-reading Activities

Instructions for teachers: Pre-teach essential new vocabulary. Tell the students they're going to hear a conversation about Western traditions of courtesy toward women, but before they listen they should brainstorm what forms of traditional courtesy they know about (question 1 in the students' book). During the first listening, they should check to see if any of their ideas are mentioned; then they should listen again to find the answers to the questions marked 2 in the Students' Book.

1. This is an open-ended question with no "correct" or "incorrect" answers, but other ideas might

be opening doors for women, helping them carry heavy things, holding their chairs when they sit down, etc.

2. Checking for the mention of polite gestures that they have thought of is an open-ended

activity with no "correct" or "incorrect" answers.

a) Where do you imagine the incident the woman describes took place?

Certainly at the entrance to a building — probably an apartment building.

b) What courtesy did she expect?

She expected the man to open the door for her.

c) What, in the man's view, is the basis of a lot of common courtesy?

The notion that women are too weak to cope with everyday reality.

3. These are open-ended questions with no "correct" or "incorrect" answers.

Listening Passage:

Germaine: So there I was, struggling to get the door open without dropping my bags, and this guy just stood there staring at me with a look of total confusion on his face. I don't understand. I think if it'd been a woman, she would've opened the door for me. Or if I'd been a man, he would've opened the door for me. It was a simple case of one human being needing a hand from another human being, and all this guy could do was stare stupidly at me.

Hugh: I don't blame him — how was he supposed to know you wouldn't bite his head off for offering help? A lot of women get mad nowadays when a guy offers to help them with something. Men just don't know how to act anymore.

G: That's exactly my point! Something's gone wrong. Surely the idea of equal rights for women wasn't meant to prevent common courtesy.

H: Well, but a lot of what you call common courtesy is based on the notion that women are too weak to cope with everyday reality.

G:[getting angrier and angrier] Oh yeah?! Well, maybe too much of what you call everyday reality was designed without thinking of women. Why is the door so heavy? Why are the shelves in shops and libraries so high?? Why aren't babysitters provided for free00? [wildly] Why was I the one carrying all those heavy shopping bags?!?! H;Ow, don't hit me!

(228 words)

Text Comprehension

II. Responses to the questions are open-ended, but the general idea is:

1. The attitude that women should be grouped with children in getting "priority seating" on

lifeboats.

2. Because it is so clearly contrary to modern views of women's rights; because it is insulting to

women.

3. He gives examples from recent newspapers:

"The invaders gunned down the Indians, most of them women and children ..."

"As many as 200 civilians, most of them women and children, were killed ..."

"At the massacre in Ahmici 103 Muslims, including 33 women and children, were killed ..."

4. He considers it appropriate, because children are both helpless and innocent.

5. He sees it as attributing to women the same dependence and moral simplicity we find in

children.

6. In 1912 women had few rights and privileges, and being given special consideration in times

of emergency was a form of "compensation" for this inequality. But now that women have much greater equality, there is no justification for giving them special privileges or for treating them like children.

7. It's depressing and (implied) wrong to treat women as if they were merely "egg-layers."

8. Fathers and mothers sharing equally in the responsibilities of bringing up children.

9. It's applicable only in a limited number of situations and therefore fails to resolve the whole

problem. 10. The author's vision is that everyone might drown out of stubborn idealism.

Other possible endings might be:

Seats on the lifeboats might go to whoever has the speed/strength to get and keep them; the women on board might accept the traditional "priority seating"; each individual might make his or her own decision about whether to yield a seat to someone else; or ... you'll see the students will come up with their own ideas!

Vocabulary

III.

1. complement

2. indispensable

3. privileges

4. strategy

5. constraints

6. entitled

7. survival

8. instinct(s)

9. randomly10. faculties11. urgent12. depressing

IV. The choice of the definitions/synonyms can vary, so the answers below are only guidelines.

1. correct form: at random definition: without any plan or criteria for selection

2. correct form: went down synonym: sank

3. correct form: hand out synonym: distribute

4. correct form: at a distance of ten miles synonym: ten miles away

5. correct form: fend for themselves synonym: take care of themselves

6. correct form: gunned down synonym: shot

7. correct form: attached to synonym: fastened to

8. correct form: is entitled to definition: has a right to

V.

These are open-ended questions with no "correct" or "incorrect" answers — anything grammatical that shows understanding of the target vocabulary is excellent. Please make sure the students understand that this exercise is an opportunity for them to practice their English as they feel is appropriate and useful for them. Their answers can be whole paragraphs, or just single sentences; and/or they can produce several different short answers to each question — it's up to them. The only requirement is that they use at least one of the vocabulary items in each sentence they write (and that the sentences make some kind of sense!).

Word Building

VI.

1) breathtaking2) heartbreaking3) man-eating4) movie-going

5) peace-loving6) fact-finding7) child-bearing

1.breathtaking

2. peace-loving

3. man-eating

4. fact-finding

5. heartbreaking

6. child-bearing

7. movie-going

Vocabulary Power Games

VII. (See "A Note to Teachers", 3-1A Games)

A. Syllabus Ships

It doesn't matter where they put them, except: A junk is a Chinese boat so it probably fits best on the Yangtze. But if anyone has an imaginative reason for putting it elsewhere, that's fine too!

Some of the words in the Games are not new to our students, such as steamer (2-lA, Ex.) and submarine (2-10B). Here are the new words:

cargo ship 货船

junk 中国式帆船

ferry 渡船

ocean liner 远洋大客轮

yacht 快艇;游艇

B. Taking Attendance

"Breast" should not be a new word as it appears in Text A.

Some of these can vary from individual to individual, of course, but the following is just what a fully-equipped human body has.

— l (one breast 胸膛for every one) or 2 breasts (two breasts 乳房for every one), depending on which meaning of the word you have in mind

— 1 chin 下巴, 1 appendix 盲肠, 1 skeleton 骨骼, 1 skull 脑壳

— 1 brow 额or 2 brows 眉毛, depending on which meaning of the word you have in mind — 1 jaw 下巴or 2 jaws 上、下颌depending on which meaning of the word you have in mind — 2 cheeks 面颊

—2elbows 肘, 2 hips 臀部, 2 palms 手掌, 2 thumbs 拇指

— 24 ribs 肋骨

— more than 25 glands 腺(a lot more if you include lymph nodes)

— lots & lots of arteries 动脉and lashes 睫毛

Structure

VIII.

1. Given the government's record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look

poor.

2. Given children's helplessness and defenselessness / Given that children are helpless and

defenseless. adults are responsible for granting them special protection.

3. Given good weather, our ship will reach Yantai tomorrow morning.

4. Given poor immunity, children and old people are advised not to stay in an air-conditioned

room for too long.

5. Given that feminists have been fighting for gender/sexual equality for years, it is not surprising

to find such new words as chairperson and Ms in widespread use.

6. Given one more chance to go to college. I would choose to study engineering rather than

mathematics.

IX.

1. Five teachers being absent due to illness, the test has to be postponed.

2. Humans being animals, we can't ignore our basic biological needs and instincts.

3. Civilization having become so complex, we face many puzzling situations that the early

philosophers didn't foresee.

4. This exercise being very difficult, it's only natural that you now have a headache!

Translation

X.

孩子们之所以有权享受特殊照顾有两个理由:无助和无辜。他们还没有具备推理的能力或来自经验的智慧。因此,他们不能自卫(不能照料自己),无可指责(不可能真正犯罪)。这

就是我们给予他们特殊保护的原因。在紧急情况下,我们有责任先救他们,因为孤弱无助的

他们已将生命交付于我们手中。在战时,他们应该受到特殊豁免权的保护,因为他们不可能会威胁或冒犯到任何人。

XI.

1. The ability to fend for oneself is indispensable to any adult, but real maturity is more than just

survival strategies.

2. On Children's Day, kids are entitled to free entry to all the city parks. It's a way of

compensating them for the long hours they spend in school all year.

3. You're giving more priority to your personal life than to your studies. It's no wonder your grade

are suffering.

4. Given that most women nowadays have jobs outside the home, it's natural that they object to

their husbands treating them like housekeepers.

5. Quite a number of American millionaires own at least two houses and a private plane.

6. When John recovered unexpectedly from cancer, his doctors attributed it to his strong will and

faith in the future.

7. There's no practical reason to perpetuate the custom of opening doors for women, let alone the

tradition of "women and children first."

8. Many feminists object to the notion that men can't nurture children as well as women can.

Cloze

XII.

LB 2.B 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. A7. B8. B

10. C 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. D 16. D 17. C

Reading Analysis

XIII.

1. One of the ways used by the author to establish a viewpoint is through rhetorical questions.

(Please refer back to the Reading Analysis Part in Text A, Unit 8, Book 2.)

These questions are:

"But is not grouping women with children a raging anachronism?"

"Should not any self-respecting modern person, let alone feminist, object to it as insulting to women? "

"At a time when women fly combat aircraft and run multi-national corporations, how can one not wince when adult women are routinely classed with children?"

2. The author tries to argue from different perspectives the point that women should not enjoy priority. Fill in the following blanks with your own words.

A. First point: Children are entitled to special consideration. Reasons: Children are helpless and

innocence. They have not yet acquired either the faculty of reason or the wisdom of

experience. Consequently, they are defenseless and blameless.

B. Second point: The phrase "women and children" made sense in an era dominated by male

privilege.

Refuting argument: But today when women enjoy equality in many aspects, such as in

education, in employment, in government, in athletics, there is no reason

for women to be entitled to privileges as children.

C. Third Point: Another point of view is that women enjoy special protection because biologically

speaking women are indispensable child-bearers.

Refuting argument: It's just like saying that a chicken is just an egg's way of making another egg. And humans are more than just egg-layers.

D. Fourth point: The essence of "women and children" is "women for children".

Women can nurture children from breast to cradle to reassuring hug in ways that

men cannot.

Refuting point: This might be one weak supporting point for grouping women with children.

But what if there are no children on board?

Structured Writing

Please look closely at the chart in the students' book referring to paragraphs 12 and 13. The author is:

? presenting a possible explanation for the at titude he's discussing, and then

? showing why he disagrees with it.

XIV. Key for reference:

When Being a "Big Boy" Isn't Really Alright

Two-year old Jackson fell down and started to cry. "Don't cry. Be a big boy," said his dad. Most little boys hear these words in their early years. Parents are just trying to make their sons feel better but they may be sending another message: big boys don't cry and crying isn't an appropriate response.

Consequently little boys are asked to learn to conceal their feelings of sadness, fear, or inadequacy. We tell them to pretend to feel something they do not. Crying is a valid means of self-expression. However, we teach young boys to keep their sensitive feelings inside. Then later we wonder why men have difficulty expressing themselves on subjects that deal with emotions.

When young children cry, there is nothing wrong with trying to make them feel better. However, we should also be careful not to inadvertently teach them that they must grow up faster than is necessary and must suppress healthy and valid emotions.

(160 words) Text B

Reading Skills

I. Responses may vary, so the answers below are only guidelines.

1. It's a play on the words "just deserts."

2. Something else — ages, to be exact.

3. They're from friends and family members.

4. It's light and simple, but with a few judgmental words: wonderful, right.

Is the text informational, persuasive or meant mainly to entertain? Or does the author have more than one aim? The aim seems mainly to entertain, but there's an element of persuasion as well.

Text Comprehension

II. Revisions of the False sentences may vary, so the answers below are only guidelines.

1. F. The first time the author had a dinner date with her boyfriend, it was natural for her that he

paid for the meal.

2. F. With the rise of Women's Lib, women started to see it as insulting when men paid for

everything.

3. T.

4. F. The author's single friends feel going Dutch is a way to signal that they don't really like the

man they're with.

5. F. One of the author's friends feels that if a man asks a woman to split the bill, it's a sign that

he's tight-fisted.

6. T.

7. F. When asked out by an heir to the Rockefeller fortune, the author offered to pay for the dinner

because he'd been complaining so much about people being only interested in his money (and because she didn't expect him to accept her offer).

8. T.

Vocabulary Power Games

III. (See "A Note to Teachers", 3-1A Games)

A. Sex and Language:

1. fireman 消防队员: fire fighter

layman 门外汉: amateur, layperson

postman 邮递员: mail carrier

sportsman 运动员:athlete

statesman 政治家leader

workman 工人: worker, craftsperson (see sentence 2 below)

2. 1) Fire Fighter is the only appropriate choice, since Linda is a female.

2) Since old Bob was male, either might be okay, depending on whether Old Bob was a skilled

craftsperson or an ordinary employee (workman, like craftsperson, sounds more skilled and/or artistic than worker).

3) Laypeople is the only appropriate choice, since this is a generalization.

B. Time for Dessert:

Note: Some of the words in this part are not new to the students: break (a middle school word), brake (3-IB, Ex.), damn (2-8A), dessert (1-5B), compliment (2-5B) and complement (3-2A).

1. For a cracked teapot (for example!), one might say "I need to have the breaks repaired," while

the other version refers to the repair of one's car or bicycle or motorcycle...

2. Both versions are standard. "This damn project" refers to some unidentified but annoying

undertaking, while "this dam 堤坝project" refers to the construction of a dam.

3. The first version expresses one's wonder at the multitude or beauty of desserts before his/her

eyes. The second version expresses one's wonder at, say, seeing the Sahara desert spread out before his/her eyes.

4. Both versions are standard: One refers to a breakfast food (I loved this cereal 谷类食品, when I

was little), the other possibly to a TV series (I loved this serial 电视连续剧when I was little).

5. Both versions are standard: The sentence "If a husband and wife don't compliment 恭维one

another..." refers to making comments like "you look nice today"; the other "If a husband and

wife don't complement 补充one another..." refers to whether or not the couple is mutually

supportive, compatible, etc.

6. If you're interested in the length of the item Henry VIII used to control his horse, you could ask

how long his rein 缰绳was. It would be a strange question, but standard English; the other version "How long was Henry VIII's reign 统治时期" is both "normal" and standard.

Vocabulary Exercises

IV.

1. sexist

2. treatment

3. thrilled

4. policy

5. tight fisted

6. agency

7. fortune

8. low-paid

9. looked 10. deep-rooted

11. illogical12. nonetheless

V.

1. keep him in his place

2. wining and dining

3. go Dutch

4. in question

5. is taking advantage of

6. to my horror

课文A《泰坦尼克号》之谜

一位真正的女权主义者应该接受上救生船的优先权吗?

查尔斯·克罗塞梅你在《泰坦尼克II号》上。它刚撞上一座冰山.正在下沉。而且,像上次一样,没有足够的救生船。船长喊道:“妇女和儿童先上!”但这一次.人们听到了另一个声音:“为什么妇女先上?”

的确,为什么?大获成功的电影《泰坦尼克号》的部分魅力在于再现了那个时代的服装,那个时代的奢华,和那个时代的偏见。时隔多年,一个观众能够欣赏到这些东西。然而,奇怪的是,电影中所有那个时代的观念中,“妇女和儿童优先”这一古老的海事传统却被现代观众全盘接受了。听一听观众对那些试图同女士们一起——或抢在他们前面——偷偷溜上救

生船的坏家伙发出的嘘声就知道了。

但是将妇女和儿童归为一类的做法难道不是一种与时代极不相称的行为吗?难道任何一个自尊的现代人——更不用说女权主义者——不该视其为对女性的侮辱而加以反对吗?

然而如今这种做法仍像1912年时一样普遍:看看这些几乎是随意从最近的报纸上选出来的例子吧:

“入侵者枪杀了印第安人,其中大多数为妇女和儿童……”

“多达2()()名平民被杀,其中大多数为妇女和儿童……”

“在阿米奇的大屠杀中,103名穆斯林被杀,其中包括33名妇女和儿童……”

在一个女性驾驶战斗机、经营跨国公司的时代,这种将成年女性与儿童归为一类的惯常做法,怎能不让人皱眉蹙额呢?在阿米奇好像也有70名成年男子被杀。那么有多少名成年女性被杀呢?不清楚。在事态严重时,在鲜血开始流淌或者轮船开始沉没时,你就会发现她们和孩子们在一起。

孩子们之所以有权享受特殊照顾有两个理由:无助和无辜。他们还没有具备推理的能力或来自经验的智慧。因此,他们不能自卫(不能照料自己),无可指责(不可能真正犯罪)。这就是我们给予他们特殊保护的原因。在紧急情况下,我们有责任先救他们,因为孤弱无助的他们已将生命交付于我们手中。在战时,他们应该受到特殊豁免权的保护,因为他们不可能会威胁或冒犯到任何人。

“妇女和儿童”这一短语将我们在五岁的孩子们身上所发现的依赖性和道德上的单纯也赋予了妇女。这样一种态度在一个男性特权占统治地位的时代也许还讲得通。考虑到在1912年妇女被视为软弱无能的情况,在安排救生船的座位时,确实不宜突然宣布一种I生别平等的新标准。这种尊敬——就像在公共汽车上给女士让座一样,但形式多少有点紧迫——对当时加在妇女身上的法律和社交限制是一种补充,在一定程度上也许是一种补偿。

但我们正在进行广泛的社会重组,在教育、就业、管理、体育运动中给予妇女以平等地位,在这样一个时代,是什么使妇女享有儿童的特权,并将他们贬至儿童的地位呢?

进化心理学家们也许会说女士上救生船是一种为繁衍物种而形成的本能:妇女是必不可少的生儿育女者。如果全部妇女和只有为数不多的男子幸存下来,一个村庄可以重新人丁兴旺,但如果全部男子和只有为数不多的妇女幸存下来,情况则不然。因为从生物学的角度来讲妇女比男子更为珍贵,所以进化论才使我们习惯于把给予未来的另一粒种子——儿童的那份保护生命的敬重给予她们。

然而,这种逻辑的问题在于它那令人沮丧的视妇女低人一等的歧视性做法。这就像遗传学家的那个老笑话——蛋要生蛋只有变成鸡——的一种严肃翻版。但人类绝不仅仅是下蛋的鸡。传统的礼节绝不只是伪装掩盖下的生存策略。那我们为什么说“妇女和儿童”呢?

也许这事实上是“为了孩子而妇女”。最基本的亲情纽带来自于母亲。父母同等的养育固然伟大,但是女性,从哺乳到抚育到安抚的拥抱,能够以男性做不到的方式养育子女。就这样,因为我们珍视孩子,所以妇女就该紧随其后。孩子们需要她们。

但是小孩中心论只能解释到这一步为止。如果船上没有孩子又会怎样呢?你在《泰坦尼克Ⅲ号》上,这次是一群未婚者的航游。没有孩子,没有父母。啊:撞上了冰山!快上救生船!马上行动!

我的电影脚本是这样的:男士们,出于完全非理性的英雄主义,可能会让女士们优先上船。女士们,出于纯粹的女权主义者的自尊,可能会拒绝。

结果呢?僵局。这部电影怎么结束呢?它应该怎么结束呢?快,轮船正在下沉。

(范烨译)

课文B不公平的甜点

辛迪·布象克我第一次约会外出吃饭是在我17岁的时候。那个请我的18岁男孩带我去了一家高级餐馆,饭后,他很潇洒地付了账。我很兴奋。他自己看上去也心满意足。当时我压根儿没想到要提出支付一部分餐费。那时候。生活是简单的。美妙的。付钱的都是男人。

随后便出现了所谓的妇女解放运动,我这一代的女性宣称我们要平等。我们不想要别人给我们开门,我们不想让别人为我们买单。突然间,被人宴请款待被认为是一种侮辱,成了男人们使我们安分守己的阴谋的一部分。所以我们便取出自己的支票簿,各付各的账。那真是一个天大的错误。要是我一直认为别人会替我付账,我不仅会省下许多钱,还会省去许多麻烦。我曾经常常整顿饭都在琢磨账单来了该怎么办。我是否应该表示愿意付一半?如果我不表示,他会期待我吻他或……?如果全由他付,我仍然可以吃龙虾吗?当我知道如果他接受我付一半的要求我会失望时,我即使表示愿意付一半又有多么诚实呢?如果他带的钱比我少我该怎么办,我应该付全部的钱吗?

我那些还没有结婚的、以前都信奉AA制做法的女友们,现在都说她们只有在同一个通过婚姻介绍所认识的男子出去时才会付自己的账单。“有时候我想说我来付自己的那一份,”她们中的一个告诉我。“但自己付钱是表示你不喜欢这个男子的一种方式。当然,如果他要我付,我会同他平摊餐费,但恐怕这也向我表明了一些什么:他很吝啬。”

我这个年龄的女人在钱的问题上有着双重标准。我们想要平等的待遇和平等的机会,但我们有一种根深蒂固、不合逻辑、浪漫主义的欲望:在感情上和经济上被别人关照。我们掩饰这种感情,因为我们知道它是不合乎潮流的、歧视女性的,但是它却仍然存在,甚至存在于那些非常成功的职业妇女之中。

在我上大学时,我开始厌倦于政治上的正确。我厌恶为两块外卖的匹萨饼而各付各的钱,私下里巴望着有一位男士风驰电掣般地把我带到餐馆去。所以当洛克菲勒家产的一位继承人邀请我出去吃饭时我真是激动万分。这是我的美梦成真啊!我不必为点什么菜,或者谁付钱而担心。他是一个30岁不到的出色男子;一个在银行里有几百万存款的出色男子。当他告诉我他已经预定好一家昂贵的法式餐馆时,我好几天所能想到的就是那个夜晚该会有多么浪漫。

我们坐下没多久,他便开始谈论有多少多少人因为他有钱而占他的便宜。“人人都以为我会为所有的东西付钱,,,他皱着眉头说。我也同他一起皱起了眉头。我知道我不得不提出分摊餐费。当时,我在一家书店干一份工资很低的工作。如果他接受了我的提议,我算了算,实际上我将失去两个星期的薪金。账单拿来时,我已经听了许许多多关于有钱多么不容易的故事,于是我便急切地提出全部由我买单。我肯定他会彬彬有礼地拒绝,并掏出他的信用卡=让我震惊的是,他竞彬彬有礼地接受了我的提议,并把账单递给了我。

我14岁的女儿被她的兄弟们视作一位年轻的女权主义者。但当我最近问她是否会期望在外面吃饭时由一个男朋友来付钱时,她却回答说:“当然.那是他的职责。”对不起,男士们,她说的一点没错。那是你们的职责——至少在第一次约会时。

(范烨译)

大学英语泛读第三版book213.全文翻译

After Twenty Years O'Henry 二十年以后 欧亨利 The policeman on the beat moved up the avenue impressively. The impressiveness was habitual and not for show, for spectators were few. The time was barely 10 o'clock at night, but chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them had well nigh depeopled the streets. 一个执勤的警察正沿街巡逻,很认真,他一直都这样认真,并不是做给谁看的。差不多是晚上十点了,街上行人寥寥无几,冷风飕飕地吹着,有种雨水的味道。 Trying doors as he went, twirling his club with many intricate and artful movements, turning now and then to cast his watchful eye adown the pacific thoroughfare, the officer, with his stalwart form and slight swagger, made a fine picture of a guardian of the peace. The vicinity was one that kept early hours. Now and then you might see the lights of a cigar store or of an all-night lunch counter; but the majority of the doors belonged to business places that had long since been closed. 他灵巧地来回转着手里的警棍,每家每户都仔细查看,警觉的目光不时地投向安静的街道,这个警察,身材强壮,昂首阔步,俨然一个和平守护者。附近的街区睡得都早,偶尔能看见一个雪茄店或通宵餐馆还亮着灯,其他的店铺早就打烊了。 When about midway of a certain block the policeman suddenly slowed his walk. In the doorway of a darkened hardware store a man leaned, with an unlighted cigar in his mouth. As the policeman walked up to him the man spoke up quickly. 走到街区中间时,警察突然放慢了脚步,他看见五金店门口站着一个人,嘴里叼着雪茄,没点着,正向他走过去时,这个人立马开口说话了。 "It's all right, officer," he said, reassuringly. "I'm just waiting for a friend. It's an appointment made twenty years ago. Sounds a little funny to you, doesn't it Well, I'll explain if you'd like to make certain it's all straight. About that long ago there used to be a restaurant

综合英语教程2_课后翻译练习答案

综合英语教程2课后翻译答案汇总 Book Two Unit 1 Someone Waiting 1. I don’t like to see people off at the railway station. 2. The company is giving a farewell party for you on Monday evening. A car will come to your hotel to pick you up at half past seven. 3. She was so excited that she couldn’t help giving me a warm embrace. 4. I never quite succeed in overcoming the sense of being out of place. 5. She glanced round the room to see who was there. 6. His big shoes look like small boats. 7. You should fold the eggs into flour instead of doing it in the opposite way. Unit 2 Football 1. He thinks that the marriage between them is no more than a business deal. 2. He used up all the money he had. 3. The young man saved your daughter from drowning. 4. She had absolutely nowhere to go, so she read some old books at

大学英语精读2 课后翻译题答案

第一单元 1.她砰地关上门,一声不吭地走了,他们之间 那场争执就此结束。 Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word. 2. 出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气 感到有点意外。 The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American. 3. 约翰尼已长大成熟,不再害怕独自呆在家里了。 Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone. 4. 当全部乘客都向出口处(exit) 走去时,他却独自留在座位上,好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的。 While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane. 5. 这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。 The letter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself. 6. 南希虽然很想参加辩论,但腼腆得不敢开口。 While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth. 7. 你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他 What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home 8. 猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下(lay) 的陷阱(trap) 方向跑去,脸上顿时闪出了兴奋的表情。 The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid 第二单元 1) 会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。 It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution. 2) 这些青年科学家通过现场观察,获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。 By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work. 3) 他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。 It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight. 4) 委员会成员在新机场最佳选址(location) 这一问题上持有不同意见。 The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport. 5) 亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。 Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's. 6) 我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上是由于设备有所改进。 The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment. 7) 吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事,但他没有这样做,因为作为军人他得服从命令。Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn't because as a soldier he had to obey the order.

英语泛读教程3 课文翻译

UNIT 2 英国人的谨慎和礼貌 在许多人看来,英国人极为礼貌,同他们交朋友很难。但愿下列文字能够帮助你更好地了解英国人的性格特点。 对于其他欧洲人来说,英国人最著名的特点是“谨慎”。一个谨慎的人不太会和陌生人聊天,不会流露出太多的情感,并且很少会兴奋。要了解一个谨慎的人并非易事;他从不告诉你有关他自己的任何事,也许你和他工作了几年,却连他住在哪儿,有几个孩子,兴趣是什么,都不知道。英国人就有类似的倾向。如果乘公共汽车去旅行,他们会尽量找一个没人坐的位子;如果是乘火车,他们会找一个没人的单间。如果他们不得不与陌生人共用一个单间时,那么即使火车驶出了很多英里,他们也不会开口交谈。一旦谈起来的话,他们不会轻易问及像“你几岁?”或者甚至“你叫什么名字?”等私人问题。像“你的手表是在哪儿买的?”或者“你的收入是多少?”这样的问题几乎不可想象。同样,在英国,人们交谈时一般声音都很轻、很有节制,大声谈话会被视为没有教养。 在某种程度上,不愿意与他人交流是一种不幸的品质,因为它可能会给人造成态度冷淡的印象。而事实上,英国人(也许除了北方人)并不以慷慨和好客而著称。而另一方面,虽然谨慎使他们不易与人沟通,但他们内心还是很有人情味的。如果一个陌生人或外国人友善地将这种隔阂打破那么一会儿,他们可能会满心欢喜。 与英国人的谨慎紧密相连的品质是英国式的谦逊。在内心深处,英国人可能比任何人都高傲,但是当他们与别人相处时,他们十分看重谦逊的品质,至少要表现出谦虚的样子。自我标榜会被认为没有教养。让我们假设,有一个人非常擅长打网球,但如果有人问他是否是个优秀选手时,他很少会说“是”,不然,人们会认为他很高傲。他可能会作出类似这样的回答,“不算太差,”或者“嗯,我非常喜欢网球。”这样的自我贬低是典型的英国式的。而且当这一品质与他们的谨慎混合在一起时,常常形成一种漠然的气氛,这在外国人看来难于理解,甚至令人恼火。 著名的英国人的幽默感也是大同小异。它的出发点是自我贬低,它的最大对手是高傲,它的理想境界是自嘲的能力——嘲笑自己的错误、自己的失败和窘境,甚至自己的理想。在英国,人们非常看重幽默感,常常能听到“他一点幽默感都没有”这样的批评。幽默感是一种对生活的态度而并非仅仅是开玩笑的能力。这种态度决非残酷、不敬或是怀有恶意的。英国人不会嘲笑一个跛子或者疯子,也不会嘲笑一个悲剧或者一次可敬的失败。同情心或者对艺术技巧的崇敬比嘲笑的份量重得多。 同幽默感一样,运动员精神是英国式的理想,这一点并非所有的英国人都做得到。必须认识到,现代形式的运动几乎都是英国人发明的。拳击、英式足球、网球以及板球都是在英国首次组织并且制定出规则的。规则是运动的精髓,运动员精神是指按照规则从事体育运动的能力,同时也表现在对对手的慷慨大度,以及失败后的良好心态。此外,运动员精神作为一种理想模式也普遍适用于日常生活。其中最基本的生活规则之一就是“不打跌倒的人”。换言之,就是不要利用别人的不幸。英国的男孩子常常在相互交往中把这种运动员精神表现得淋漓尽致。 英国人的另一特点就是礼貌。总的来说,英国式的礼貌习惯都不很正式。所有的礼貌都是建立在这样的基本原则之上:为别人着想,同时也认可别人对你的关心。在麻烦别人时,如:从某人前面经过,或者打断某人的谈话,或者向陌生人请教问题时,要先说“对不起”,为给对方带来的不便预先道歉。“抱歉”一词表示对意外打扰或者违反礼仪的歉意。如果有人提出或者暗示某个要求,如:“我可以借你的钢笔吗嘛?”或者“现在几点了?”或者“还有七码的鞋吗?”,而你无法满足这种要求时,也要说“抱歉”而不是“不”。“请原谅?”是用来要求别人重复所说内容时的礼貌说法。在英国,除了在学校,人们在请求发言时,不再用“请”这个词。在国外非常普遍的词组“不,请”,在英国本土听起来却会很别扭。“好

综合英语教程2翻译答案1-9

Unit 1 Someone Waiting 1. I don’t like to see people off at the railway station. 2. The company is giving a farewell party for you on Monday evening. A car will come to your hotel to pick you up at half past seven. 3. She was so excited that she couldn’t help giving me a warm embrace. 4. I never quite succeed in overcoming the sense of being out of place. 5. She glanced round the room to see who was there. 6. His big shoes look like small boats. 7. You should fold the eggs into flour instead of doing it in the opposite way. Unit 2 Football 1. He thinks that the marriage between them is no more than a business deal. 2. He used up all the money he had. 3. The young man saved your daughter from drowning. 4. She had absolutely nowhere to go, so she read some old books at home. 5. “Will I ever be as good a player as Geoff” “Perhaps, but you still have a long way to go before that day comes.” 6. He is in danger of losing his job. 7. The practice of employing children to work in factories has nearly died out in many countries. UNIT 3 The Snake Bite 1. It started raining, so she made for the nearest shelter. 2. She picked out a cap to match her dress. 3. I waited for an hour, but he didn’t show up. 4. They figured it was better to stay where they were. 5. The earthquake that struck the little island caused 23 deaths. 6. He returned home at length after being away from the village for 20 years. 7. She managed to hold on to her job while many of her colleagues lost theirs. Unit 4 He was my father 1. My teacher told me that the liquid in the bottle could remove stains from metal and china. 2. The student sitting beside me looked around the examination room with apprehension. 3. He is now out of college and lives on his own. 4. They took turns staying awake in case anything went wrong. 5. The elder daughter will probably follow in her father's footsteps, and take over the family business when she's old enough. 6. He had to get off his bike and push it up the hill.

大学英语精读2 第三版课后翻译答案

Book2 Unit1 翻译 1.她砰地关上门,一声不吭地走了,他们之间那场争执就此结束。Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word. 2. 出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American. 3. 约翰尼已长大成熟,不再害怕独自呆在家里了。 Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone. 4. 当全部乘客都向出口处(exit) 走去时,他却独自留在座位上,好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的。 While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane. 5. 这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。 The letter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself. 6. 南希虽然很想参加辩论,但腼腆得不敢开口。 While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth. 7. 你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他? What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home?

大英三泛读翻译

范读课文4、8、11、14、17、20 LESSON 4: The Middle-Class Black’s Burden Leanita McClain 黑人中产阶级因其成功而备受煎熬,我就是其中一员。一方面,白人认为我不过是幸运昙了;另一方面,黑人则妒忌我,僧恨我。一旦获得了机会,能够从事属于白领阶层的工作,和所有人一样,黑人就会对生活抱有极大的希望,这些包括了人们常说的梦中的豪宅,两辆汽车,接受良好的教育,还有孩子们在迪斯尼乐园度过的假期。这一事实仍会让很多人感到震惊。实际上,相较于其他美国人,我们黑人更渴望获得这一切,因为我们已有太久无权拥有和享受这些东西了。 同时,在通常被人们称为贫民区的地方,仍生活有相当多的黑人同胞,他们和那些观念陈旧的黑人好战分子一起,总是无休止地责写黑人中产阶级,说我们“忘了本”!’指责我们抛弃了革命,背叛了本民族,变成了白心黑人—皮肤是黑色的,内心却已被白人同化。 而事实是我们不曾忘本,我们也不敢忘本。我们只不过是奋斗在不同的阵线,也不比他们少厌倦战争。或许,我们还更伤心,因为我们清楚地知道黑人世界和白人世界本可以融会在一起,而这个融合在一起的世界将会更美好。 要那些花言巧语的骗子仍无所顾忌地利用儿时的友情来作编我,我就不可能忘本。当我怀着恐惧回到以前住过的地方,钱包被人抢走时,我不会忘本;当我享用商务午餐却发现服务员是老同学时,我也不会忘本。我回忆起儿时一起玩洋娃娃的女孩,她现在靠福利救济抚养五个子女;而那个住在教堂里的男孩,现在因谋杀罪而被关在监狱里;儿时的密友则因服食过量毒品被发现死在我们曾一起玩捉迷藏的小巷里。这一切怎能令我忘本!

大学基础英语2课后翻译题

《综合教程2》翻译部分参考译文: Unit 1 1. 那部关于古代战争的电影采用了先进技术,令观众仿佛身临其境。(illusion) Thanks to modern technology, the film about that ancient battle gives the audience the illusion of being on the battlefield themselves. 2.在那场大火中,整个古城毁于一旦,但是这块石碑却幸运地保存下来。(devastate) That ancient city was devastated by the fire, but fortunately the stone tablet survived. 3. 他们看了那段录像,听了那位妇女的讲述,心里充满了对那位地震孤儿的同情。 The videotape and the story by the woman filled them with sympathy for the child who had become an orphan in the earthquake. 4. 那场大地震中,我们听到太多太多教师的事迹,他们拒绝离开学生自己逃生,献出了自己的生命。(leave behind) In that earthquake, we heard many stories of teachers who had refused to leave their students behind and laid down their lives. 5.豫园的建造始于1558年,但由于资金短缺时建时停,1578年才建成。 The construction of the Yu Yuan Garden began in 1558, but it was not completed until 1578 because building went off and on for lack of money. 6. 1980年我遇到她时,她刚从国外读完硕士回来。(meet up with) In 1980, when I met up with her, she had just returned from abroad with a master’s degree. 7. 这是我第一次来纽约,但我还是设法找到了那家小公司。 It was my first visit to New York, but I managed to find my way to the little firm. 8. 在电影界要达到顶峰是非常困难的,但是作为一名导演谢晋做到了。 It is hard to make it to the top in the movie industry, but as a director, Xie Jin did it. Unit 2 1. 如今很多爱慕虚荣的年轻人,尽管还不富裕,但却已经迷上了漂亮的小汽车。(vain, be obsessed with) Many vain young people are obsessed with fancy cars despite the fact that they are not yet rich enough to afford them. 2.当他的婚外恋被妻子发现后,他们的婚姻终于破裂了。 Their marriage finally fell apart when his affair with another woman was found out by his wife. 3. 那位艺术家为了获得创作的灵感,在农村住了三年,放弃了生活上的许多享受。 For artistic inspiration, the artist lived in the country for three years, where he denied himself many comforts of life. 4. 我不知道明天去崇明岛的远足活动能不能成行,因为这要取决于会不会下雨。 I’m not sure if we can have the excursion to Chongming Island tomorrow. It is at the mercy of the weather. 5. 他早年到日本学医,回国后却改变了主意,一辈子从事文学创作。 When he was young, he went to Japan to learn medicine, but after he returned to China he changed his mind and pursued a career as a writer all his life. 6. 她最近和一个足以做她父亲的老头好上了,这使她父母感到非常丢脸。(take up with)She’s taken up with a man old enough to be her father, which is a disgrace to her parents. 7. 1978年以来,我国经济发展迅速,相比之下,一些发达国家反而滑坡了。(witness)

英语泛读教程3第三册课文翻译unit14

UNIT14 你怎么知道艺术品的优劣? 玛丽亚·曼尼丝 你喜欢艺术吗?你能说出哪些艺术品好哪些不好?是否存在评价艺术的标准?读一读下面这篇文章,看看玛丽亚·曼尼丝如何回答这样的问题。 设想没有评论家告诉我们,对一幅画,一个剧本或一段新乐曲怎样反应。设想我们无意间步入一个未署名油画的画展。我们依据什么标准,依据什么价值来评判它们是优是劣,是天才的还是没有天才的,是成功还是失败?我们又怎能知道自己的想法是正确的? 近十五或二十年来,艺术的批评与欣赏流行否认任何合理标准的存在,使“好”与“坏”成了无关紧要,无足轻重、无可适用的字眼。我们被告知,根本不存在先通过知识与经验获得,然后加在讨论的对象上的一套标准这回事。这一直是受到欢迎的方法,因为它解除了评论家评判的责任,公众也无须知识。它迎合那些不愿受规则约束的人,称头脑空虚者为开明来讨好他们,并使不知所措的人得到安慰。在民主平等之旗的掩护下--当然不是我们祖先所说的那种平等--它实际是在说:“你是谁,要来告诉我们什么是好,什么是坏?”这与大众传媒制作者的一贯伎俩如出一辙。他们坚持认为,由公众而不是由他们决定的它想要听和看的什么,而评论家说这个节目好而这个节目不好,这纯粹是个人趣味的反应。没有谁表达这一哲学,比近来弗兰克·斯丹坦博士,哥伦比亚广播电视公司极其睿智的总裁更为简明。在联邦通讯委员会的一次听证会上,他在接受询问时漏出此言:“一人眼里的平庸之作,却是另一人的佳作。” 最妙不过的说法是:“没有一个标准是绝对的”。造成这种放任观念的另一重要因素是:畏惧感----所有艺术形式的观察者们都有唯恐猜错的担心。这种担心极易遇到,谁没有听说当初饱受世人指摘的艺术家后来被称为大师?每个时期都有一些评判者,他们不和时代一起前进,无法区分进化和革命,风行一时的时尚、业余的实验与深刻的必然的变化之间的区别。谁愿意作出这样严重的判断错误而贻笑大方?安全得多,当然也容易得多的做法是:看着一幅画,一个剧本或一首诗,说道:“它很难懂,但也许很好”;或者干脆把它当作新形式加以欢迎。“新的”这个词--尤其在我们这个国度--具有魔力般的涵义。凡是新的都是好的;而旧的则极可能是不好的。如果评论家能用无人理解的语言描述新事物,那么他就更为安全。倘若他掌握了说话的艺术,用精巧复杂的言辞,却什么也没说,日后就无人能够说他曾经说过什么。 但是我认为,所有这一切实质上都是对评判责任的背弃。艺术家在创作中表现自己,而你则在欣赏中有自己的承诺。毕竟还是观众成就了艺术。欣赏的气氛对于艺术的繁荣不可或缺。公众的期望愈高,艺术家的表现就愈好。相反,只有被评论家误导的社会,才会在这几年把既不是艺术也不是文学的东西当做艺术和文学接受。如果一件东西没有了,一切也就没有了,而在废物堆最底层的是被抛弃的标准。 但这些标准究竟是什么?你怎样得到它们?你如何知道它们是正确的?你又如何能在这许多不可捉摸的东西,包括最不可捉摸的自我本身,理清出一个清晰的模式? 首先,很明显,你愈是多读、多看、多听,你将愈好地被装备起来实践建立在所有的理解与判断之上的联想艺术。愈是见多识广,愈能深刻意识到一个连贯一致的规律--犹如星辰、潮汐、呼吸、白昼黑夜一般具有普遍性--存在于万事万物中。我把这一规律与这一节奏称为一种秩序。并非秩序,而是一种秩序。其中存在着变化万千的各种形式。其外则是混乱--疯狂的毁灭因素----病态。最终应由你来区分健康的多样性与病态的混乱,而不运用联想的过程是无法做到的。没有联想的过程,你就不能将莫扎特乐曲的一节和维米尔油画的一角,斯特拉文斯基的乐谱与毕加索的抽象画,或者一个挑衅性的行为与弗兰茨·克兰的油画,一阵咳嗽声与约翰·凯奇的作品联系起来。 某些艺术表现形式是永恒的,而另一些却转瞬即逝,这并非偶然现象。尽管你不一定总要解释原因,但你可以提出问题。艺术家说了些什么永恒的东西?他怎样说这些?有多少是时尚,多少纯是反映?为什么如今沃尔特·司各特的作品如此难读,而简·奥斯丁却不是这样?为什么巴洛克艺术风格适合某一时期,而另一时期却显得过于炫目辉煌? 是否存在一个技巧标准,能够适用于所有时代的艺术,还是每个时代对标准都有各自不同的定义?你也许已不经意地意识到,这些年“技巧”已变成不入流的字眼,因为它含有“标准”的意思--即作品完成得好不好。这种方便的逃避的结果,导致了大量不能发出声音的演员,不会解释歌曲涵义的歌手,不能交流感情的诗人,词汇贫乏的作家--更不用说不会作画的画家。现在的教条是,技巧阻碍表达。不必说你不知道自己在做什么,如果你不知道怎样去做,那么你就能做得更好。 我认为,到了你帮助扭转这一潮流的时候了,方法是努力重新发现技巧:掌握选择的工具,无论是画笔、字词还是声音。当你开始觉察自由与草率,严肃的实验与自我疗法,技艺与即兴,力量与暴力之间的区别时,你就逐渐能够将山羊与绵羊区分开来,而这种区分形式我们竟阔别已久。所有你需要重新拥有的,不过是几条标准和能够看穿骗局的盖氏测量仪,而我们可以在急切需要这两者的领域--当代绘画开始艺术之旅。 我不知道什么更糟糕:不得不面对大面积的拙劣艺术,为的是发现些许可取之处,还是阅读评论家对此说的一切。其他任何一个表现领域都不会象画界一样如此盛行煞有其事的言谈,流行如此多的废话:艺术与艺术生存的评论氛围之间紧密地相互依赖的进一步证据。我将很乐意和你共享我们时代典型的故弄玄虚的东西。

综合英语二Lesson3后面的翻译答案

Unit 3 The man who could work miracles P101 2. Use the “useful expression”. 1.在父母的鼓励之下,那个年轻的长跑运动员决定参加明年 北京国际马拉松赛。 -Urged on by his parents, the young long distance runner has decided to participate in next year’s Beijing international Marathon. 2.有人提起那叛徒的名字时,强烈的厌恶心情在他心中油然 升起。 -A strong feeling of disgust came over him when the traitor’s name was mentioned.

3.布雷克先生机关算尽也没能从对手秘书那里套出有关他 们的销售计划的有用情况。 -Mr. Blake tried in vain to obtain from his rival’s secretary any useful information about their sales plans. 4.据说四肢爬行的对人的健康有利。 -It is said that crawling on all fours is good for/to a person’s health. 5.我们暂时不要谈细节问题,而是集中精力讨论原则问题。-Let’s leave the details for a while and concentrate first on the principles. 6.我们无论何时发现有任何不对时,都会精力纠正。 -Whenever we find anything wrong, we do our best to put it right. 7.会上系主任对高教授的建议不予考虑,他说有更重要的问 题要解决。 -At the meeting, the department chairman waved professor Gao’s suggestion away and said that they had to deal with more important problems.

现代大学英语精读2课后翻译答案

Unit 1 1.我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的。我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题,因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对这些问题。It's wrong to hear our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all social problems because they will approach them as citizens very soon. 2.随着时间的推移,我们不可避免地会越来越多地卷入国际商务。而冲突必然会发生,因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益。With the passage of time we are inevitably increasing involved in international affairs. And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different views and interests among nations. 3.我们为我们的成就而骄傲,我们有理由感到骄傲。但是我们永远不能变得狂妄,不然我们就会失去我们的朋友。 We are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be so. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends. 4.信息现在唾手可得。一个普通的电脑就能储存一个普通图书馆的信息。Information is now immediately available. An average computer can store as much information as a small library dose. 5.那家建筑公司没有资格操作这个项目。他们没有任何法律文件能证明他们具备必要的专门技术。我们必须找一个专门建造歌剧院的公司。That construction company is not qualified to handle the project. They don't have any legal document that can certify they have the necessary expertise. We must find a company that specializes in building theatre. 6.这些智囊团不作决策。他们力图提出一些对决策者十分有用的新主意和深刻的分析。These think tanks do nor make decisions. They are out to generate new ideas and penetrating analyses that will be extremely useful for decision makers. 7.国内生产总值不是一切。如果人民的生活质量没有真正改善的话,我们国家就不能说已经现代化了。The growth of GDP is not everything. It cannot be said that our country has been modernized unless the quality of our people's lives is really improved. 8.虽然那时候我们在很多方面都很困难,但作为孩子我们仍然很幸福,因为有干净的空气、水;江河湖泊里有很多鱼、螃蟹、黄鳝;田野里有花,有树,有鸟。Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were quite happy as children, for there was clean air, clean water, a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes, and ponds and a lot of flowers, trees and birds in the fields. 9.只要给某一个人或某一群人以绝对权力,那这个人或这一群人就肯定会滥用权力,因为正如阿克顿勋爵说,“权力使人腐败,绝对权力绝对使人腐败。”Give absolute power to any individual or any particular group of people, and that person or group is sure to abuse that power because, just as Lord Acton says, power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. 10.在我们国家,传统上都认为“万般皆下品,惟有读书高”。In traditional Chinese notion, school education was more important and useful than all other pursuits. 1.总理明天将赴纽约出席联合国会议。The premier is leaving for New York for a UN conference tomorrow. 2.在纽约期间他将会晤一些国家的政府首脑。He is to meet several heads of government during his stay in New York. 3.国庆长假期间你打算干什么?回家还是呆在校园里?What are you going to do during the long National Day holidays? Are you going home or staying on campus?

刘乃银英语泛读4(第三版)课文翻译

英语泛读教程4 第三版 Unit1天才与工匠 许多人羡慕作家们的精彩小说,但却很少有人知道作家们是如何辛勤笔耕才使一篇小说问世的。以下的短文将讨论小说的酝酿过程,以及作家是如何将这小说雕琢成一件精致完美的艺术品。 有一次,我在暮色中来到小树林边一棵鲜花盛开的小桃树前。我久久站在那里凝视着,直到最后一道光线消逝。我看不到那树原先的模样,看不见曾穿透果核,能崩碎你的牙齿的力量,也看不到那使它与橡树和绿草相区别的原则。显现在我面前的,是一种深邃而神秘的魅力。当读者读到一部杰出的小说时,他也会这样如痴如狂,欲将小说字字句句刻骨铭心,不提出任何问题。 但即使是个初学写作者也知道,除那将小说带到世上的文字之外,还有更多的构成小说生命的因素,小说的生命并不始于写作,而始于内心深处的构思。 要创作出有独创性的作品,并不要求懂得创造的功能。多少世纪以来的艺术、哲学及科学创造都出自人们的头脑,而创造者也许从未想到去关注创造的内在过程。然而,在我看来,对创造工作一定程度的了解,至少会使我们通过知道两个事实,增长我们处理正在出现的故事的智慧。 首先,天赋不是掌握了技艺的艺术家独有的特性,而是人脑的创造性功能。不仅所有对技艺的掌握都含有天赋,而且每个人都具有天赋,

无论他的天赋发展是何等不充分。对技艺的掌握是天赋的显现,是经过培养的,发展了的和受过训练的天赋。你的天赋在最原始的层面上起作用。它的任务就是创造。它是你的故事的创造者。 第二,将你的小说带进世界的文字是艺术家的工作,它就和一个泥瓦匠的工作一样,有意识、谨慎而实实在在。天赋正如理解力、记忆力和想象力一样是我们的精神禀赋中的天然部分,而技艺却不是。它必须通过实践才能学到,并要通过实践才能掌握。如果要使在我们内心深处浮现的故事跃然纸上,光彩照人,那么,每个故事都须有感染力极强的优雅文笔。只有健全的技艺才能使我们做到这一点。 一个故事是如何酝酿成的呢?据说,我们从一生中的前二十年,或许前五年起就开始写作。这可能取决于个人,而写作中的很多事都取决于个人。无论如何,童年和少年时期的清晰印象,或多或少无条件地存在于我们的记忆中,未被解释,不受约束,而且栩栩如生,永不磨灭。困惑、徬徨、畏惧、喜悦、辉煌和平庸,在各种程度上以各种形式组合在一起。这些对往事的印象在心中悸动着。它们在等待什么?是在等待某种圆满的结果?还是对它们特有的真理的认可?似乎它们的创伤需要切开,隐秘的见解需要表露,发现需要与人分享,苦恼需要承认,这种飘渺的美需要形式。 我们就这样背负着各种任务渡过一生。时而,一个常常是小小的体验,撬开了记忆之门,抓住了这些虽已年代久远,却依然栩栩如生,呼之欲出的印象。于是,故事就如种子一般开始萌动。 这种经历人人都有,却鲜为人知。然而,一旦富有创造力的作家有了

相关主题