考研英语(一)英汉翻译高分特训(社会生活类)【圣才出品】

◆社会生活类

Practice 36

In such a changing, complex society, formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. （1）Many of life’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.

In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War II. （2）As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, and their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.

Adding to social changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. （3）The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming.

Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of

technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. （4）Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and, very shortly, electronic mail, to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared worldwide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and / or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.

In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. （5）Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. “Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.

【解析及译文】

（1）【解析】本句的主干是Many life’s problems...are beyond the capability...。

problems后面是一个由which引导的定语从句，而capability后面也是修饰成

分。be beyond the capability的意思是“在…的能力之外”。另外，extended

family是指“扩展型家庭，几代同堂或者是包含各种亲戚关系的家庭”。

【译文】许多原来通过请教家人、朋友或同事便能解决的生活问题，现在却超出了大家庭的能力范围。

（2）【解析】本句的句式较为复杂，主句是the informal flow of information is cut off，前面的部分是一个as引导的伴随/原因从句，而在主句后面的只是一个名词性的

词组，其核心词是the confidence，前面的with it是个介词结构修饰the

confidence，后面的that information will be available when needed and will

be trustworthy and reliable只不过是the confidence的同位语，为了方便理

解，我们也可以在句末的地方加一个“is gone”，这样就可以把主句后面的部分

理解为一个句子：the confidence is gone。另外注意and with it the

confidence中的it指代的是整个主句the informal flow of information is cut

off。

【译文】随着家庭搬离了稳定的社区和多年的朋友，失去了与大家庭的亲戚们的联系，非正式的信息交流便被切断，同时在需要时就能得到可靠、可信信息的信心也随

之丧失了。

（3）【解析】本句由两个并列的子句构成，之间以and连接。前面的有一个more...than...

的结构，而后面的主干是the task is complicated, time-consuming, and

sometimes even overwhelming。主语task后面的介词of的宾语比较长。看

清句子结构，可以把它一分为二，同时注意最后的三个形容词有一定的递进意味。

另外注意that one piece of information中的that用来强调one piece of

information。

【译文】今天，一个人可获得的信息比任何时代的人都多，而要找到一条与自己问题

相关的信息既复杂又耗时，有时候甚至困难万分。

（4）【解析】本句的主语是telecommunications developments，谓语是enable，主要应该看清enable的宾语是两个并列成分：the sending of messages via

television，radio和very shortly, electronic mails to bombard people with

multitudes of messages。

【译文】电信技术的发展使人们有可能通过电视、无线电以及快速的电子邮件铺天盖地般发送大量信息。

（5）【解析】本句的主语是those people，will survive and succeed是主句的谓语，who 引导的定语从句修饰Those people，在翻译时前置；day-to-day problems译

为“日常问题”，critical problems译为“重要问题”。

【译文】那些拥有准确、可信、最新信息并用来解决日常问题、工作中的重要问题以及社会和家庭问题的人就能生存下去并取得成功。

Practice 37

Marriage is big lately; actually it’s u nmarriage that seems to be capturing our attention. From the award-winning American Beauty to the Bruce Willis-Mishelle Pfeiffer movie, The Story of Us, the institution of marriage is being turned inside out, and it’s not a pretty sight. To judge by these film s, modem marriage involves a lot of broken crockery and busted expectations. （1）While many current Hollywood depictions of marriage may be overly pessimistic, statistics in America are alarming: each year half as many Americans get divorced as marry.

Marriage counselors say couples often choose to separate as a last-ditch effort

to change their relationship, and possibly themselves. But a separation can give couples time to calm down, renegotiate the rules of the relationship and gain some needed distance.

For a separation to work, it needs to be well defined. “Structured Separations” tend to be the most productive. Couples facing separation do best if they establish some basic ground rules first. （2）They should mutually agree on the length of the separation—three to six months is average—and both must continue to work on their own problems during that time, either with or without a counselor.

Couples should agree not to see lawyers during their separation. Lawyers have a way of moving marriage toward divorce. （3）During their period of trial separation couples should not pursue each other at all, either to fight or to reconcile, but should agree in advance on what kind of contact they will have. Separated couples can agree to speak on the phone for a prearranged period, for instance, or meet once a week. （4）Some therapists advise their clients to agree not to talk to each other about their relationship during these encounters and to use the time apart to reflect on their own lives and see what they can change about themselves. If there are children involved, both parties need to agree on all the ground rules having to do with kids. Parents should also be aware that repeated separations and reconciliations are difficult and confusing for children.

A separation, while painful, can help keep the anger down and give a couple time to think. （5）If both are unsure about the future of the marriage, it can provide a timeout, during which they can see what life would be like without the

other. Sometimes it leads to divorce. But if couples are able to clarify things, it will improve their marriage—or, make their divorce better.

【解析及译文】

（1）【解析】while在句首引导让步状语从句，译为“虽然...”，“half as…as…”译为“相当于…的一半”。

【译文】虽然当前许多好莱坞电影对婚姻的描述也许过于悲观了，但美国的统计数字也确实令人震惊：每年美国的离婚人数竟占结婚人数的一半。

（2）【解析】主语是they，谓语是should agree，is average在句中作定语用来修饰three to six months，and...during that time为插入语，在翻译时单独成句，译为分

居期间。

【译文】他们应确定一个双方都同意的分居时间（通常3至6个月）。分居期间，双方必须继续独立解决自己的问题，可以请也可以不请婚姻问题咨询专家帮助。（3）【解析】本句关键在于during引导的从句在句中作时间状语的译法，译为“在试分居期间”，what kind of contact是宾语前置，在翻译的时候译为“双方保持什么关

系”，“in advance”译为“事先”。

【译文】在试分居期间，双方都绝不应该找对方吵架或者和解，而应该事先确定双方保持什么关系。

（4）【解析】本句的句式结构比较简单，and连接的两个并列分分，在翻译的时候可以分开来单独成句。

【译文】有的医生建议当事人见面时不要谈论两人之间的关系，要利用分居的时间反思自己的生活，看自己在哪些方面能有所改变。

（5）【解析】本句是由if引导的条件状语从句，句子的主干是it can provide a timeout，

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1、1994年 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) "In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. " (73)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74)Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses . Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 精美译文 新学派的科学家认为，技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量。（71）他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。（72）新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。 （73）工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅。 鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用。那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心。（74）伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，

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46.scinentists jumped to the resure withsomedistimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eatusup of birds failed to control them 46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。 47.but we have at least drawn near the pointofadmitting that birds should continue as a matter ofintrinsicright,regardless of the presence or absence of economicadvantageto us 47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。 48.time was when biologists somewhat overwordedthe evidence that these creatures preserve the health of gamebykilling the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthlessspecies 48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。 49.in europe,whereforestry is ecologically more advanced ,the ncommercialtreespecies are recognized ad mrs of native forest community ,tobepreserved as such ,within reason 49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。 50.It tends to ignore,andthus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the landcommunitythat lack commercial value, but that are essential to itshealthyning. 50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。 2009年 46.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive 可以说,任何社会机构价值的衡量在扩大和改进的效果，但这种效果并不是它的原始动机。 47. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted. and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。 只能是机构的附带结果被逐渐的提及；也仍然只能是在机构行动中作为指导性因素的结果才能逐渐的被提及。 48. while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition. it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. 在我们接触他们（指代不清）的时候，很容易忽略我们处于他们位置的行为结果，然而在我们处理与成年人的关系时，却不是那么容易忽略这一点。 49. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 既然我们对他们（代词指代不清）的主要任务是使他们能够与我们共同生活，所以我们就不得不考虑我们是否正在形成一种能确保这种能力的势力。 50. We are thus led to distinguish. within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering. a more formal kind of education-that of direct tuition or schooling. 因此在我们目前为止一直认真思考的漫长的的教育进程中，我们被引导去识别更加正式的教育，即直接支付学费或者奖学金 2008年 46 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations, 他相信，或许这种困难也有其好处，正是这种困难促使他能够长时间专注地思考每一个句子；从而能够在推理和自己的观察中发现错误。 47 He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 达尔文还声称，对于冗长且完全抽象的思想，他的理解能力十分有限。因为这个原因，他确信自己在数学方面根本不会