2015年12月六级翻译技巧
英语六级翻译技巧
词性转换
词性转换不仅是重要的译词手段，也是常用的句法转换变通手段，是一种常用的翻译技巧。说白了，就是在必要的时候，将原文中的某个词的词性在译文里用其他词性表达出来。这种转换会使译文更加灵活变通，不必拘泥于原文形式，却能更准确传达出原文内涵。本部分内容主要从汉译英入手。从四个方面加以说明。
1汉语动词的转换
汉语动词的使用频率远远高于英语。这是因为按照英语句法，受主谓关系的限制，一个简单句或分句大多只有一个谓语动词。而且，英语还可以通过谓语动词以外各种词性的词来体现动词意义。因此将汉语句子里的动词转换为英语里其他词性的词是翻译中的常用技巧之一。
例1这本书反映了30年代的中国社会。
译文:The book is a reflection of Chinese society in the 1930s.(将汉语动词转换为英语名词)
例2 他们不满足于现有的成就。
译文:They were not content with their present achievements.(将汉语动词转换为英语形容词)
例3我想男孩与女孩的思维方式不同。
译文:I suppose boys think differently from girls.(将汉语动词转换为英语副词)
例4你赞成还是反对这项计划?
译文:Are you for or against the plan?(将汉语动词转化为英语介词) 2.汉语名词的转换
英语中有很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的副词，形容词等。在汉译英时，汉语中的名词常常可以产生一些转换，从而更简洁有力地表达原文。
例5他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
译文:They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.(汉语名词转换为英语副词)
例6钢的含炭量越高，强度和硬度就越大。
译文:The more carbon the steel contains, the harder and stronger it is.(汉语名词转换为英语形容词表示特征和性质)
例7这就是你不对的地方。
译文:This is where you are wrong.(汉语名词转换为英语副词)
例8我的体重比过去轻了。
译文:I weigh less than I used to.(汉语名词转换为英语动词) 3.汉语形容词的转换在汉译英时，汉语的形容词往往可以译成英语中的名词或副词。这些名词或副词通常具有抽象意义，而且往往由某些形容词派生而来。
例9我们感到，解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。
译文:We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.(汉语形容词转换为英语名词)
例10 有时候我们不得不为错误付出昂贵的代价。
译文:Sometimes we have to pay dearly for mistakes.(汉语形容词转换为英语副词) 4.汉语副词的转换
有时出于修辞和句法结构的需要，往往把汉语中的副词用英语其他词性的词来表达，这也是翻译中的一个常用技巧。
例11 独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。
译文:Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.(汉语副词转换为英语名词)
语序
1) 定语位置的调整
汉语的定语，无论是单用还是几个连用，通常都放在所修饰的名词之前。而在英语里，单词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的中心词之前，词组，短语和从句作定语时，则放在所修饰的名词之后。汉语的定语译成英语时，有的可能是单词，有的可能是短语，有的可能是从句。对这些成分的安排，要依据英语的语言习惯来处理。反之亦然。
例1实现我国社会主义现代化是一项我们必须努力完成的任务。
译文: The socialist modernization of our country is a task that we must do our utmost to fulfill.
汉语中作"现代化"定语的"社会主义"在英语中只需要一个单词socialist 就可以表明，按照英语的习惯，放在所修饰的中心modernization 之前。但是原文中"我国"翻成英语就不是简简单单的一个词了，而是一个介词短语of our country，置于中心词"现代化"之后，成为后置定语。英译时，"任务"的定语"努力完成的"是一个从句that we must do our utmost to fulfil，按照英语习惯，应放在所修饰的中心词task之后。
例2 She was very happy to meet the artist who painted the picture. 译文: 她很高兴能够遇到那幅画的艺术家。全句的宾语是"艺术家"，英语里修饰the artist 的成分在the artist之后，这是英语表达习惯所规定的。但是转换成汉语时，就必须把定语修饰成分提前到中心词"艺术家"之前。2)状语位置的调整
汉语中状语习惯于放在主语之后，谓语之前。但有时为了强调也可以放在主语之前。英语中状语的位置要灵活得多。就单词状语而言，它可以位于句首，句中，句末。较长的状语常被置于句首或句末，句中的情况极少。因此，在汉英，英汉互译时，状语位置的变换调整极为复杂。
例3上星期五我们在那家新餐馆尽情地吃了一顿。
译文：We ate to our hearts content at the new restaurant last Friday.
原文中，"上星期五"放在句首，并且在"那家新餐馆"之前，而译文中却将时间状语和地点状语的位置颠倒了过来。这样一来，既准确地表达了原文意思，又符合了英文语序习惯。所以我们可以得出结论：英语里如果句子既有地点状语又有时间状语，一般地点状语在前，时间状语在后。汉语里则往往把它们置于句首或谓语前，而且通常时间状语在地点状语之前。
分和句法
1)分句法
把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。
例1八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作。
译文: It was in mid-August,and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句)
例2他为人单纯而坦率。
译文: He was very clean.His mind was open. (一个单句拆分成两个简单句了)
例3 The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of her child.
译文: 母亲谈到她的孩子时，也许有自豪感，这是可以理解的。(形容词被拆开)
例4 I wrote four books in the first three years ,a record never touched before. 译文: 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。(名词短语拆开)
2)合句法
把原文中两个或以上的简单句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。
例5她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。
译文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.(多个简单句合成一个单句)
例6他们有遵守交通规则，机器出了故障。
译文：His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.(并列复合句合成一个单句)
例7 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite. 译文：我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。(主从复合句合成一个单句)
综合法
有些句子单独使用一种翻译方法是很难翻译好的，需要用几种方法进行综合处理，然后再按照时间顺序，主从结构或逻辑关系等重新排列，即进行句子重组。我们先来看一句汉译英：
例1除了服务于说本族语者的需要外，英语也是科学、技术和其他领域一些重要著作编撰时所使用的语言，这些著作并非总是由以英语为母语的人所编撰的。
这句话虽然很长，但其实只说明了一个问题--英语是一个什么样的语言?由句子可知，英语有以下功能：服务于以母语的人;在科学等领域编撰著作时使用。英语还具有一个特征：用于科学等领域的书籍编撰时，并非总是由以英语为母语的人来担纲。而在英语的两个功能中，本句尤其突出他的第二个功能，所以在翻译本句时要注意重点和句子结构的重组，有些部分可以处理成修饰语成分。
译文：English is a language in which some of important works in science,technology and other fields are being produced, not always by native speakers,besides serving the needs of its native speakers.
我们再来看一个由英文转换到中文的例子：
例2 The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.
译文：对人们来说，知识的技能及其应用是同样必不可少的，并且也是至关重要的，因为它们也有助于对人类本身下定义，同时允许人类追求日益真实的人的生活。
虚拟语气：与事实相反的
一、if从句：
即主句……, if 从句……
1、倒装代替if从句：Had\Were\Should ……，主句……
2、but for = without(如果不是)代替if从句，两个都是介词But for \without + 名词，主句……
3、with + 名词，主句……
4、if only + (if 从句) 要是……该多好
二、宾语从句：
1、I suggest(表示命令;建议;请求) that ……shoule +do……
(在虚拟语气中，shoule have done = ought to have done,其他时候should 不等于ought to) 2、I wish that ……(用虚拟语气)
三、主语从句：
1、it is +adj\n that + 虚拟
2、it is +done(表示建议、要求)that + 虚拟
四、目的状语：
Lest或者for fear that + (虚拟语气)should do
五、隐藏虚拟语气：
本打算做但结果没有做的
1、had hoped\intended\planned\expected\wanted\meant to do
2、hoped to have done
3、be(was\were) + to have done
4、would\should like to have done Would have done 表意愿、将来
Should have done 竟然做了、本应该做的Could have done 有能力做Might have done 表示猜测
Need have done 本来需要做的却没有做
六、主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气
有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：
1. 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
⑴、If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
⑵、If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。
2. 从句表示将来，主句表示过去：⑴、If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.
3.从句表示将来，主句表示现在：
⑴、If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.
4.从句表示过去，主句表示现在。
⑴、If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now. ⑵、If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.
6.从句表示现在，主句表示过去
⑴、If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。(从句说明现在，主句说明过去。)
7.从句表示过去，主句表示过去和现在⑴、If you hadn't lent me some money, I couldn't have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.
在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。
(1) You wouldn't know. 你不会知道。
(2) I would like to come. 我愿意来。
(3) I wouldn't have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。
(4) He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样。
条件从句中省略if 采用倒装语序的情况
在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
1). 原句：If she were younger, she would do it.
去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she 的前面)
2). 原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.
去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)
3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
5).Were I in your place, I wouldn't do that.
6).Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.
假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。
7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely.
假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。
8).Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.
要是下周能下雨的话，农民们就能有个好收成了。
如果虚拟条件句中有were, had或should时，把它们放在if的位置上;但是如果条件句中没有were, had或should不能用倒装。
⑴Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的话，我们怎么办呢? ⑵Were I you, I would have asked him for some advice.要是我是你的话，我就向他请教了。
⑶Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of money.如果他自己能够做此工作，他就会得到一些钱。
在"开放式条件句"和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下，如果if省略，动词be与主语的位置要倒装。
⑴If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。)
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
⑵Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错，我都会支持她的。)
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. ⑶
____ ,I will take her as my wife. [A]Were she rich or poor [B]Being rich or poor [C]Be she poor or rich
[D]Whether is she poor or rich 注意：有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。
⑴、We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. ⑵、Without you help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. ⑶、But for your help, I would not have succeeded. 有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：
1. I could help you. (只有主句)
2. If I had time. (只有从句)
3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)
4. If he had much more money. (只有从句)
2019年12月六级翻译真题答案第一套：度假(网友版)
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2013年12月英语6级翻译汇总 【翻译原文】丝绸之路：闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路是古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和发挥这重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术传遍各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器也传遍各地，欧洲也是通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需要。 【参考译文】The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West. The Silk Road represents the ancient Chinese silk trade. The Silk Road trade played an important role in China, South Asia, Europe and Africa. It was through the Silk Road that Chinese papermaking, gunpowder, the compass and the printing press spread all over the world. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain also spread all over the world through the Silk Road. And Europe exported all kinds of goods and plants through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market. 【翻译原文】中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。 【参考译文】Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty. The lunar August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon. On this day, under the dazzling bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moon’s beauty. In 2006, Mid-Autumn festival was listed as one of China's cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to families and friends during the festival and usually eaten on family gatherings. There are characters of “longevity”,“goodfortune”and “harmony” on the Traditional moon cakes. 【翻译原文】中国园林是经过三千多年演化而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的调和关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林周围有围墙，园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由弯曲的小路和走廊衔接的建筑。散步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷一般展示在面前。 【参考译文】Chinese gardens came into being after three thousand years of evolution and unique landscape. It includes both large garden built for the royal family enjoyment, including academics, businessmen, and former government officials to get rid of the noise of the outside world and build private garden. These gardens constituted an intended to express the human and the nature should be harmonious relations between miniature landscape. A typical Chinese garden surrounded by a fence, garden with ponds, rockeries, trees, flowers and plants, and various buildings connected by winding paths and corridors. Stroll in the garden, people can see a series of carefully designed like landscape picture show in front of the landscape. 2013年12月英语六级翻译评析 从八月份四六级改革公布到12月14号第一次改革后真题面世，大学英语老师、培训机构的老师和广大四六级考生们都在这个四个月的时间里经历了担忧、恐惧、好奇，最终等待、期盼的过程。当变化最大的六级段落汉译英真题和大家见面后，每一个与之相关的人都会大叹一句：中国风，真不简单啊！
2015年12月大学英语四级翻译模拟练习与答案解释
2015年12月大学英语四级翻译模拟练习与答案解释 翻译题目1、 在这个信息爆炸的时代，大学生的阅读习惯变得碎片化、功利化。一项调查结果显示，许多大学生每日阅读不足1小时，而上网时间却超过了4小时。现在年轻人喜欢看一些“更实用的”书籍，如考试指导及职业指南。专家指出，碎片化、功利化阅读削弱了学生的思考以及分析能力。他们一再强调，学生应多去阅读人文作品以提升自身的审美品位（aesthetic taste）。 表达难点 1.第1句中的“大学生的阅读习惯变得碎片化、功利化”如果直译为the reading habit of college students becomes fragmented and utilitarian 则意思传达得不清晰，应转换成“大学生以……方式来阅读”（read in a…manner），以便于理解。 2.第2句中的“每日阅读时间不足1小时，而上网时间却超过了4小时”如果直译为the time for reading is less than one hour every day, while the time online is more than four hours 则表达冗长、生硬，不如译为动词短语read for…, but spend…，这样处理更简洁、更符合英语表达习惯。 3.在倒数第2句中，“能力”的定语“学生的思考以及分析”较长，可将其处理成后置定语，用不定式短语to think and analyze 来表达。 4.在最后一句中“一再强调（某人做某亊）”的常用表达是insist that（sb. do sth.）：“以提升自身的审美品位”表目的，故将其处理成目的状语，译作to develop aesthetic taste of their own. 参考译文 In an era of information explosion, college students are now reading in a fragmented and utilitarian manner. According to a survey, many college students read for less than an hour every day, but spend more than four hours online daily. Young people nowadays like to read "more practical" books, such as guidance for exams and occupations. Experts pointed out that fragmented and utilitarian reading undermine students' ability to think and analyze. They insist that students read more humanity works to develop aesthetic taste of their own. 翻译题目2、 俗话说，“到北京，不到长城非好汉，不吃烤鸭（roast duck）真遗憾！”烤鸭是北京的地方风味，已有1600多年的历史。对于那些想更多地了解中国菜和中国文化习俗的人来说，北京烤鸭就是一个不错的选择。脆皮（crisp skin）和嫩肉是北京烤鸭的特点。北京最出名的老字号（centuries-old/time-honored brand）烤鸭店是“全聚德”。创建于1864年的全聚德备受各国元首、政府官员及国内外游客喜爱。 表达难点 1.第1句中的“不到长城非好汉，不吃烤鸭真遗憾！”若逐字对译0ne who fails to Great Wal1 is not a hero and it is a pity if you do not dine on Beijing Roast Duck，则句子显得冗长、生硬。釆用意译的方法将其表达为 No visit to Beijing is complete if you miss seeing the Great Wall or dining on Beying Roast Duck则更胜一筹，句子结构对称，语言简洁且到位。
2016年12月英语六级听力原文(含翻译)第二套
翻译在最后 Conversation One M: Guess what? The worst food I've ever had was in France. W: Really? That's odd. I thought the French were all good cooks. M:Yes. That's right. I suppose it's really like anywhere else, though. You know, some places are good. Some bad. But it's really all our own fault. W: What do you mean? M: Well, it was the first time I'd been to France. This was years ago when I was at school. I went there with my parents' friends, from my father's school. They'd hired a coach to take them to Switzerland. W: A school trip? M: Right. Most of them had never been abroad before. We'd crossed the English Channel at night, and we set off through France, and breakfast time arrived, and the coach driver had arranged for us to stop at this little café. Th ere we all were, tired and hungry, and then we made the great discovery. W: What was that? M: Bacon and eggs. W: Fantastic! The real English breakfast. M: Yes. Anyway, we didn't know any better— so we had it, and ugh...! W: What was it like? Disgusting? M: Oh, it was incredible! They just got a bowl and put some fat in it. And then they put some bacon in the fat, broke an egg over the top and put the whole lot in the oven for about ten minutes. W: In the oven! You're joking. You can't cook bacon and eggs in the oven! M:Well. They must have done it that way. It was hot, but it wasn't cooked. There was just this egg floating about in gallons of fat and raw bacon. W: Did you actually eat it? M: No! Nobody did. They all wanted to turn round and go home. You know, back to teabags and fish and chips. You can't blame them really. Anyway, the next night we were all given another foreign speciality. W: What was that? M: Snails. That really finished them off. Lovely holiday that was! Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Question 1. What did the woman think of the French? Question 2. Who did the man travel with on his first trip to Switzerland? Question 3. What does the man say about the breakfast at the little French café?
大学英语六级翻译技巧及专项练习讲解
翻译题应试技巧 汉语主动句译成英语被动句 我们在汉译英时，往往也需要把汉语主动句译成被动句。这是因为：为了保证上下文连贯，使衔接更紧密，句子更自然；或强调动作承受者；或使语气婉转、措辞恰当。具体转换方法有如下两种。 1）把汉语主动句的宾语译成英语被动句的主语。 例1 ____________（将领你们去参观我们的新车间）by the secretary. 译文：Y ou will be shown our new workshop. 简评：如果这句话不是划线填内容，你完全可以将它翻译成The secretary will show you our new workshop。正是因为题型是补全句子，这就给翻译带来了一定的难度，你必须去适应题型要求而不是让题型来适应你。让我们看看译文已给出部分：by the secretary显然是一个被动语态特征，"秘书"在译文里已经由原来的主语变成了译文句子的补足成分。所以，题目是暗示我们要把原句中"你们"转换成译句里的主语，这样才符合出题要求。 例2 Y ou __________（我们期待你能组织贸易推广活动）this time. 译文：are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns. 简评：根据题目可推知全句意思是：我们期望你能组织这次的贸易推广活动。中文句子主语、谓语、宾语分别是：我们、期望、你。但是在英文译文的给出部分中我们看到句子以you开头，也就是说"你被期望能组织这次贸易推广活动"。中文的宾语变成了英文的主语，这就要求我们在翻译时要使用被动语态。全句完整答案是：Y ou are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns this time. 2）当汉语句以"我们"、"人们"、"大家"等泛指性代词作主语时，在翻译成英文的时候常常可以忽略主语不译，并把英文译句处理成被动语态。处理后的英文译句往往带有know，see，find，say，suppose，estimate，report，suggest，stress，consider，expect，admit，point，understand 等动词。 例3 如果原子失去一个或多个电子，我们就说这个原子带正电荷。 译文：If one or more electrons are removed，the atom is said/believed/thought to be positively charged. 简评：这句话是一个条件从句。即：在原子失去一个或多个电子的情况下，这个电子带正电荷。"我们就说这个原子带正电荷"可理解为"这个原子被认为/ 被确信/ 被说成是带正电荷"。那么根据前面所说的原则，我们在翻译时可以将泛指性主语"我们"省略不译，并使用被动语态。 从这个例子里我们还可以看出，在科技文章中，根据英语表达习惯我们应当多采用被动语态，以强调事物的客观性。 例4 人们采用各种措施来防止腐蚀。 译文：All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion. 简评：这句话可以按原文译成主动态，即：People have taken all kinds of measures to prevent corrosion。也可以用被动语态来翻译--All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion。两者比较而言，被动态译文更突出表明所有、种种措施已经付诸实施，all kinds of measures得到强调，而主动态译法只是平铺直叙，重点不突出。
2013年12月至2015年6月英语六级真题翻译汇总
2013年12月英语六级翻译真题 试卷一： 闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸6,000多公里。得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器（porcelain）也传遍全球。物质文化的交流是双向的。欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需要。 参考译文： The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West. It extended more than 6,000 kilometers. The Silk Road was named after ancient China’s silk trade which played an imp ortant role in the civilization development of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing of the four great inventions of ancient China were introduced around the world. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain spread all over the world. Europe also exported various goods and plants through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market. 试卷二： 中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷一般展现在面前。 参考译文： After 3,000 years of evolvement, Chinese gardens have become a unique landscape. This includes both large gardens built as entertainment venues for royal family, and private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials. These gardens have constituted a miniature that is designed in praise of the harmony between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and consists of various buildings linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockeries, trees, and flowers scattered in it. Wandering in such a
2015年十二月四级选词填空答案详解与原文翻译
2015年十二月四级选词填空 2015年12月四级选词填空一 Passage 1 For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell. November and December 36 early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country, part of a year when, for the first time in two 37 , record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones. But the U.S. was the exception; November was the warmest ever 38 , and current data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth hottest year on record.对很多美国人来说，2013年在极其寒冷中结束。11月底和12月，美国的大部分地区都经历了初雪和寒冷刺骨的天气。这段时间寒冷的天数可能超过温暖的天数，这种情况二十年来第一次在美国出现。但是美国却是例外。全国范围内，2013年11月是有史以来最暖和的11月。现有数据表明，2013年有可能是有记录以来第四个最热的年份。 Enjoy the snow now, because 39 are good that 2014 will be even hotter, perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept. That’s because, scientists are predicting, 2014 will be an EI Niuo year.现在享受降雪的乐趣吧，因为2014年很有可能会更热，也许是有史以来最热的年份。因为科学家预测，2014年将是厄尔尼诺年。 EI Niuo, Spanish for “the child”, 40 when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally war m. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of the planet’s surface, that the 41 energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world. EI Ninos are 42 with abnormally dry conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia. They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America, even as southern Africa 43 dry weather. Marine life may be affected too; EI Ninos can 44 the rising of the cold, nutrient-rich（营养丰富的）water that supports large fish 45 ,and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral(珊瑚).厄尔尼诺在西班牙语中是“小孩”的意思，当南太平洋表面海水温度异常升高时就会发生厄尔尼诺现象。太平洋水域辽阔，覆盖了地球30%的表面，其温度升高带来的额外能量足以引发世界范围内一系列的天气变化。厄尔尼诺现象与东南亚和澳大利亚的极端干旱有关。它会导致南北美洲部分地区的极端降雨，而此时非洲南部却遭受干旱。海洋生命也会受其影响；厄尔尼诺现象会减弱寒冷海水的上升，这类海水富含营养，为大量鱼群提供养分。另外，异常升高的海水温度会摧毁珊瑚。 A）additional B）associated C）bore D）chances E）communicated F）decades G）experiences H）globally I）logically J）occurs K）populations L）realize M）reduce N）saw O）specific 36. N. saw 第一空显然缺少谓语，优先考虑动词，结合语义并根据Late November and December 可以推出应选择过去式动词，故答案锁定saw. 37. F. decades 根据two，首选复数名词，结合语义，“ for the first time in the two decades”,二十年来头一次。 38. H. globally 句子为主系表结构，不缺主要成分，所以首选副词和形容词，根据语义，ever表示“一直以来地、向来地”，“十一月向来是全球范围内最温暖的一个月。” 39. D. chances 缺少主语，并且谓语是are，所以首选复数形式的名词，结合前文Enjoy the snow now, “享受现在的雪吧”，因为“时机是好的”。 40. J. occurs 空格前方有主语，且是单数形式，而后面由when引导的时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时，所以主句谓语锁定第三人称单数形式的动词，只能选择occurs. 41. A. specific空格左为定冠词the，空格右为名词，中间只能选形容词，选择“特定的”符合语义。 42. B. associated 空格左为be动词，右边为介词with，中间只能是形容词或动词的过去分词形式，be associated with表示“与…有联系”，符合原意。 43. G. experiences 空格左为主语southern Africa，空格内应该为动词的第三人称单词形式，结合语义，选G，“南非经历着干燥的天气。 44. M. reduce 空格左为情态动词，空格内必须为动词原形，填reduce“减少”符合原题。 45. K. populations 空格与左边的large fish 共同构成动词support的宾语，只能选一个名词来作为名词词组，故选K，“大量的鱼群”。
2013年12月全国大学英语六级考试翻译真题(含答案)
试题一：中秋节 中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。 Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty. The lunar August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon. On this day, under the dazzling bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moon’s beauty. In 2006, Mid-Autumn festival was listed as one of China's cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to families and friends during the festival and usually eaten on family gatherings. There are characters of “longevity”,“good fortune”and “harmony” on the Traditional mo on cakes. 试题二：丝绸之路 闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路是古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和发挥这重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术传遍各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器也传遍各地，欧洲也是通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需要。 The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West. The Silk Road represents the ancient Chinese silk trade. The Silk Road trade played an important role in China, South Asia, Europe and Africa. It was through the Silk Road that Chinese papermaking, gunpowder, the compass and the printing press spread all over the world. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain also spread all
2015年12月英语六级翻译练习
2015年12月英语六级翻译练习：网购 请将下面这段中文翻译成英文： 如今，随着网络的发展，越来越多的人喜欢网上购物。 足不出户，只需鼠标—点，快递员就会把你要的东西送到家门口，省时省力，方便快捷。这为消费者节省了很多逛超市的时间，也避免了交通拥堵。 由于网上销售库存压力较小、经营成本低、经营规模不受场地限制，这也给年轻人创业提供了很好的机会。 网上购物无论对消费者、企业还是市场都有着巨大的吸引力和影响力，在新经济时期无疑是达到“多赢(multi-win)”效果的理想模式。 参考译文： Nowadays, with the development of Internet, more and more people prefer to shop online. You would get the goods you want at your door from the expressman just by clicking the mouse, which is convenient and can save both time and effort. Online shopping cuts down on the consumers'time of going to the supermarket and avoids the traffic jam. Due to little pressure on stock, low management cost and business scale with little limitation on sites, online shopping offers a good opportunity for young people to start a business. Online shopping is attractive and influential to its consumers, companies and market, which can achieve an ideal pattern of multi-win effect in the new economy period undoubtedly. 词句点拨 1.随着网络的发展:可译为with the development of Internet。 2.快递员:可译为expressman，也可用courier或mailman来表达。 3.省时省力:其中“省力”可用save effort表达，故该处译为save both time and effort。 4.库存压力较小、经营成本低、经营规模不受场地限制:可译为little pressure on stock, low management cost and business scale with little limitation on sites。
2019年12月英语六级翻译真题及答案
2019年12月英语六级翻译真题及答案 2014年12月英语六级翻译真题及答案 翻译一： 中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。如果这个目标得以实现，今后绝大部分进入劳动力市场的人都需获得大学文凭。 在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数：除了注重高等教育外，还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。中国正在努力地利用教育资源，这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。 教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。 China will endeavor to ensure every employee to have average 13.3 years of education. If the goal is achieved, a majority of people entering the labor market will be having Bachelor’s degree. In the next few years, China will increase the number of people in vocational college. Except focusing on the higher education, the government will find a breakthrough point to ensure the justice of education. China is trying to optimize education resources and, accordingly, the countryside as well as the less developed areas will receive more support. In addition, the education ministry decides to improve the nutrition of students in less developed areas and provides equal opportunities for the children of workers from out of town to receive education in the city.
翻译原则及技巧
第三章翻译原则及技巧 第一节六级翻译样题介绍及评分解读 一六级翻译样题介绍 【样题】 中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节（the Lantern Festival），即从农历（lunar calendar）最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（couplets），对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。【参考译文】 Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese festival. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese
New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends. 二六级翻译评分解读 本题满分为15 分，成绩分为六个档次：