电子信息与通信工程专业英语期末必考翻译

1."In most cases, these signals originate as sensory data from the

real world: seismic vibrations visual images, sound waves, etc.

DSP isthe mathematics, the algorithms, and the techniques used

to manipulate these signals after they have been converted into a digital form." 在大多数情况下，这

些信号来源于人对真实世界的感觉，比

如地震的震动，视觉图像，声音波形等。数字信号处理是一种数学工具，是一种

用来处理那些将上述信号转换成数字形

式后的信号的算法和技术。

2.Fourier’s representation of functionsas a superposition of sines and cosines has become Ubiquitous for both the analytic and numerical solution of differential equations

and for the analysis and treatment of communication signals 函数的傅里叶表示，即将函数表示成正弦和余弦信

号的叠加，这种方法已经广泛用于微分

方程的解析法和数值法求解过程以及通

信信号的分析和处理。

3.If f (t ) is a nonperiodic signal,

the summation of the periodic functions ,such as sine and cosine,

does not accurately represent the signal. You could artificially extend the signal to make it

periodic but it would require

additional continuity at the end

points . 如果f(t)是非周期信号，

那么用周期函数例如正弦和余弦的和，

并不能精确的表示该信号f(t)。你可以

人为的拓展这个信号使其具有周期性，

但是这要求在端点处附加连续性

4.A digital filter is a mathematical

algorithm implemented in hardware,

firmware, and software that operates

on a digital input signal to produce

a digital output signal for

achieving filtering objectives. 数

字滤波器是一种数学算法，它可以用硬

件，固件和软件来实现。它作用于数字

输入信号产生数字输出信号从而达到滤

波目标。

5.The basic idea of Fourier series

method is to design an FIR filter

that approximates the desired

frequency response of filter by

calculating its impulse response.

"用傅里叶级数设计FIR滤波器的

基本的理念是计算出此滤波器的单位冲

激响应来逼近所期望的滤波器的频率响

应。

"

6."If the signal has sharp

transitions, it is necessary to

window the

input data, so that the sections

converge to zero at the endpoints"

如果信号有急剧的过渡，就有必有

对输入信号加窗，这样信号在端点处就

会收敛于零。

7." The concepts of signals a

nd systems arise in a wide

variety of fields, and the id

eas and techniques associated

with these concepts play an i

mportant role in such diverse

areas of science and technolog

y as communication,

aeronautics and astronautics,

circuit design, acoustics,

seismology, biomedical enginee

ring, energy generation

distribution systems, chemical

process control, and speech

processing. " 信号与系统的概

念出现在广阔的范围内，在科学技术的

不同领域，如通信、航空航天、电路设

计、声学、地震学、生物学、生物医学

工程、发电和输电系统、化学过程控制

和语音处理中都离不开这个概念的思想

与技术。它在科学技术中发挥了重要作

用。

8." Without some restrictions,

when the

characterization of a system r

equires a complete input-out-pu

t relationship, knowing the ou

tput of a system to a certai

n set of input doe not allow

us to determine the output

of the system to other sets

of inputs." 当系统的特性描述要

求完整的输入输出关系时，如果没有约

束条件，即使知道了系统对某些特定输

入产生的输出时，我们也并不知道系统

对其他输入产生的输出。

9.An example of a finite-energ

y signal is a signal that ta

kes on the value 1 for 0≤t

≤1 and 0 otherwise. 举一个有限

能量信号的例子：信号在0≤t≤1，而

在其他时间范围取值为0。

10.This, of course, makes sens

e, since if there is a nonze

ro average energy per unit ti

me, then integrating or summin

g this over an infinite time

interval yields an infinite

amount of energy. 当然这是有意义

的，因为如果单位时间内存在一个非零

的平均能量，那么在一个无限的时间间

隔范围内，对其积分或者求和就会产生

一个无限的能量总和。

11.We can bring continuous-time

and discrete-time systems tog ether through the concept of sampling, and we can develop some insights into the use of discrete-time systems to proc ess continuous-time signals tha t have been sampled. 我们可以在抽样的概念下将连续时间和离散时间系

统放在一起考虑。我们可以将一些离散

时间系统的概念推广，用以处理抽样后

的连续时间系统。

12.One of the most important motivations for the development of general tools for analyzi ng and designing systems is t hat

systems from many different ap plications have very similar mathematical descriptions. 许多具有不同应用的系统都有相类似的数学描

述，这是开发系统分析和设计通用工具

软件的最重要的动机之一。

13.Electronic amplifiers are often symbolized by a simple triangle shape ,where the internal components are not individually represented.

电子放大器一般都表示成三角形形状，内部器件并不分别表示出来。

14..An increasingly positive voltage on the(+)input tends to

drive the output voltage more

positive,and an increasingly

positive voltage on the(-)input

tends to drive the output voltage

more negative. 增大同向输入端的电

压，会使输出电压增大；增大反向输入

端的电压，会使输出电压减小。

15.Because we know that both inputs

of the op-amp have extremely high

impedance,we can safely assume they

won't add or subtract any current

through the divider. 因为我们知

道，运算放大器的两个输入端之间有无

穷大的电阻，所以我们完全可以假设他

们没有增加或分担任何电流。

16.In other words,we can treat R1 and

R2 as being in series with each

other:all of the electrons flowing

through R1 must flow through R2.

换句话说，我们可以认为R1和R2

串联，即通过R1的电流一定会通过R2。

17.FPGAs,which do not use operating

sytems,minimize reliability

cincerns with true parallel

execution and deterministic

hardware dedicated to every task.

FPGA不使用操作系统，减少了对每

项任务并行操作和确定的硬件分配的依

赖性。

18.Digital communication

protocols,for example,have

specifications that can chang over

time,and ASIC-based interfaces may

cause maintenance and forward

compatibility challenges. 例如，

数字通信协议规范可能随时改变，基于

ASIC的接口则保持稳定且兼容。

19.VHDL is an acronym for Very high

speed intergrated

circuit(VHSIC)Hardware Description

Language which is a programming

Language that describes a logic cir

cuit by function,data flow

behavior,and/or structure. VHDL是

甚高速集成电路硬件描述语言的缩写，

它是一种通过函数、数据流和（或）结

构描述逻辑电路的可编程语言。

20.The data flow model makes use of

concurrent statements that are

executed in parallel as soon as data

arrives at the input. 数据流模式

在数据到达输入端的同事就给出相同的

说明。

2.傅里叶分析

Fourier’s epresentation of

functions as a superposition of

sines and cosines has become

ubiquitous for both the analytic and

numerical solution of differential

equations and for the analysis and

treatment of communication signals.

函数的傅里叶表示，即将函数表

示成正弦和余弦信号的叠加，这种方

法已经广泛用于微分方程的解析法和

数值法求解过程以及通信信号的分析

和处理。

The Fourier transform’s utility

lies in its ability to analyze a

signal in the time domain for its

frequency content. The transform

works by first translating a

function in the time domain into

a function in the frequency

domain. The signal can then be

analyzed for its frequency

content because the Fourier

coefficients of the

transformed function

represent the contribution of

each sine and cosine function

at each frequency. An inverse

Fourier transform dos e just

what you’d expect, transform

data from the frequency domain

into the time domain.

傅里叶变换的效用在于它能够在

时域范围内分析它的频率内容。变换

的第一步是将时域上的函数转换为时

域表示。然后就可以分析信号的频率

内容了。因为变换函数的傅里叶系数

代表各个正弦和余弦函数在各自对应

频率区间的分配。傅里叶逆变换就会

按你刚才设想的那样，将频域数据转

换为时域的。

The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) estimates the Fourier transform of a function from a finite number of its sampled points. The sampled points are supposed to be typical of what the

signal looks like at all other times 离散型傅里叶变换是通过他有限

的采样点来评估函数的傅里叶变换。

采样点代表了其他时间的信号。

The DFT has symmetry properties almost exactly the same as the continuous Fourier transform. In addition, the formula for the inverse discrete Fourier transform is easily calculated using the one

for the discrete Fourier transform because the two formulas are almost identical.

离散型傅里叶变换具有和连续型

傅里叶变换几乎完全相同的对称特性。此外，通过离散型傅里叶变换的

公式，我们可以轻易推出离散型傅里

叶变换的公式。因为这两个公式几乎

相同。If f (t ) is a nonperiodic signal,

t h e summation of t h e periodic

functions (such

as sine and cosine)does not

accurately represent the signal.You

could artificially extend the signal

to make it periodic but it would

reqiure addition continuity at the

endpoints.The window Fourier

transform(W F T)i s one solution to the

problem of better representing

the nonperiodic signal. T h e W F T

can be used to give information about

signals simultaneously in the time

domain and in the frequency domain

如果f(t)是非周期信号，那么用周

期函数例如正弦和余弦的和，并不能精确

的表示该信号f(t)。你可以人为的拓展这

个信号使其具有周期性，但是这要求在端

点处附加连续性。窗口傅里叶变换能够

更好的解决关于非周期信号的表示问

题。窗口傅里叶变换同样适用于时

域和频域上信号信息的提供。

With the WFT, the input signal f(t)

is chopped up into sections, and

each section is analyzed for its

frequency content separately, If

the signal has sharp transitions,

it is necessary to window the input

data, so that the sections converge

to zero at the endpoints. This

windowing is accomplished via a

weight function that places less

emphasis near the interval’s

endpoints than in the middle. The

effect of the window is to localize

the signal in time.

通过窗口傅里叶变换，输入信号f(t)

被分成许多小部分，每个部分都能分别分

析它的频率内容。如果信号有急剧的过

度，就有必要对输入信号加窗，这样信

号在端点处就会收敛于零。通过加权函

数，即着眼于与中间部分而不是区间端点

附近，这样就完成了加窗。加窗效应是

将信号集中在同一个时间段。

To approximate a function by samples,

a n d to approximate the Fourier

integral by the discrete Fourier

transform, requires applying a

matrix whose order is the number

sample points n. Since multiplying an

n*n matrix by a vector costs on the

order of arithmetic operations, the

problem gets quickly worse as the

number of sample points increases.

However, if the samples are

uniformly spaced, then the Fourier

matrix can be factored into a product

of just a few sparse matrices, and

the resulting factors can be applied

to a vector in a total of order

arithmetic operations. This is the

s o-c al l ed fast Fourier

transform or FFT

通过样本来近似函数，及通过离散

傅立叶傅立叶变换去逼近傅里叶积分，

需要使用一个矩阵，其顺序是全样本点

的数量。通过一个按n2算术运算顺序的

向量乘以一个n*n的矩阵，当采样点的

增多的时候，问题就迅速恶化。但是，

如果样本是均匀分布的，那么傅立叶

矩阵可以被分解成一个只有几个稀疏矩

阵的乘积，以及由此产生的因素可广泛

应用在算术运算顺序共向量。这就是所

谓的快速傅里叶变换或FFT。

3. 2. Continuous-time and

discrete-time systems

Physical systems in the broadest

sense are an interconnection of

components, devices, or subsystems.

In context ranging from signal

processing and communications to

electromechanical motors,

automotive vehicles, and

chemical-processing plants, a

system can be viewed as a process in

which input signals are transformed

by the system or cause the system to

respond in some way, resulting in

other signals as outputs. For

example, a high-fidelity system takes a recorded audio signal and generates a reproduction of that signal. If the hi-fi system has tone controls, we can change the tonal quality of the reproduced signal.Similarly, the circuit in Fig.3-1 can be viewed as a system

with input voltage Vs(t) and output

voltage Vc(t). An image-enhancement system transforms an input image into an output image that has some desired properties, such as improved contrast.

A continuous-time system is a system in which continuous-time input signals are applied and result in continuous-time output signals.

As in Figure 3-1-5(a), where x(t) is the input, y(t) is the output, and

h(t) is the system impulse response.Similarly, a discrete-time system－that is, a system that transforms discrete-time inputs into discrete-time outputs－is depicted as in Figure 3-1-5 (b). Where x(n) is the input, y(n) is the output, and h(n) is the system unit

sample response.

We can bring continuous-time and discrete-time systems together

through the concept of sampling, and

we can develop some insights into the

use of discrete-time systems to

process continuous-time signals

that have been sampled.At present,

many digital signal processing

methods have been widely used in

science and technology fields. So we

take digital signal system for

example, some system properties are

described in next section.

2.时间连续和时间离散系统

物理系统最直观的感觉就是，元器件、

设备和子系统的互连。在信号处理和通

信，机电马达，电动车，化学加工厂中，

系统可以视为一个处理，在这里，以某

种方法，信号会被系统传输或引起系统

相应，从而产生其他信号作为输出。例

如，一个高保真系统记录音频信号并重

放这信号。如果这高保真系统有音调控

制，我们可以改变所播放的声音的质量。

同样地，图3-1可以视为一个带输入电

压Vs（t）和输出电压Vc（t）的系统。

一个图像增强系统将输入图像转化成所

期望的输出图像，例如增强对比度。

一个时间连续系统是输入连续信号

得到连续输出信号的系统。例如图3-5a

所描绘的，在这里，x(t)是输入，y(t)

是输出，h(t)是系统脉冲相应。同样地，

时间离散系统是一个输入离散，得到离

散输出的系统，如图3-5b所描绘的，在

这里，x(n)是输入，y(n)是输出，h(n)

是系统单位抽样相应。

我们可以通过抽样定理使时间连续

和时间离散系统相结合。我们可以开发

时间离散系统来处理已被抽样的时间连

续信号。目前，很多数字信号处理方法

已用在科学和技术领域。所以，我们取

数字信号系统为例，它的一些系统特性

将在下一部分描述。

4.图像

图像解释题

图2-1

Any source of voltage, including

batteries, has two points for

electrical contact. We can provide

such a path for the battery by

connecting a piece of wire from one

end of the battery to the other.

Forming a circuit with a loop of wire,

we will initiate a continuous flow of

electrons in a clockwise direction,

which is shown in Fig.2-1.

So long as the battery continues to

produce voltage and the continuity

of the electrical path isn’t broken,

electrons will continue to flow in

the circuit. Following the metaphor

of water moving through a pipe, this

continuous, uniform flow of

electrons through the circuit is

called a current. So long as the

voltage source keeps “pushing” in

the same direction, the electron

flow will continue to move in the

same direction in the circuit. This

single-direction flow of electrons

is called a Direct Current, or DC.

electron circuits are explored where

the direction of current switches

back and forth: Alternating Current,

or AC. But for now, we’ll just

concern ourselves with DC circuits.

图2-2

We see that I is the only current

flowing into the node. However,

there are three paths for current to

leave the node, and these current are

represented by I , I and I .

Once charge has entered into the node, it has no place to go except to leave （this is known as conservation of charge）. The total charge flowing into a node must be the same as the

total charge flowing out of the node. So

I B+I C+I D=I A Bringing everything to the left side of the above equation, we get

(I B+I C+I D)-I A=0 Then, the sum of all the currents is zero. This can be generalized as follows

ΣI i=0

Note the convention we have chosen here: current flowing into the node

is taken to be negative, and currents flowing out of the node are positive.

图2-12

The PNP t ransistor is the king of the traditional bipolar analog integrated circuits world. In fact

in the most basic and most cost effective analog IC process, the

chip designer has at its disposal

just that; a good NPN transistor.

The rest, PNPs, resistors and

capacitors are just by-products , a

notch better than parasites. For

intuitive, back-of-the-envelope

type analysis, it is sufficient to

model the transistor mostly in DC

(Direct Current), keeping in mind

that the bandwidth of such an element

is finite.

When complexity, like

small-signal AC (Alternate Current)

behavior, is added to the model,

computing simulations should be used

since the math quickly becomes

hopeless. In Fig.2-12 the NPN

transistor is shown with its symbol

and its DC model. In this component

the current flow enters the

collector and base and exits the

emitter. Simply stated, the

transistor conducts a collector

current I C which is a copy of the base

current I B amplified by a factor of

beta β. It follows that the emitter

current I E is one plus beta times the

base current. A typical value for the

amplification factor is 100. NPNs

have excellent dynamic performance,

or bandwidth, measured by their

cutoff frequency; easily above 1GHz.

图2-13

The PNP transistor is

complementary to the NPN, with the

current flow entering the emitter

and exiting the collector and base,

the opposite of what happens in the

NPN, which is shown in Fig.2-13.

Simplicity dictates that PNPs are a

by-product of the NPN construction,

hence they often have less beta

current gain and are slower than NPNs.

A typical value for their

amplification factor β is 50 their

cutoff frequency (f T), is generally

above 1 MHz.

翻译期末作业

浅谈中国菜名的翻译 我国悠久的历史和广袤的国土孕育了中国独特的烹饪艺术和丰富的饮食文化。我们国家也以几千年的饮食文化文明于世。随着我国经济飞速发展，与国外交流日益增多，餐饮业也面临着走向世界的机遇和挑战。中国菜名是汉语语汇中承载中国文化最多的语汇之一, 不仅承载着几千年来的中国饮食文化, 还承载着大量的非饮食文化, 如神话、民俗、历史、文学、宗教信仰等等, 在菜名所传达的表层语义背后有着更为深厚复杂的多元文化元素。同时由于饮食与文化的密切联系，这些都大大增大了翻译的难度。 1.首先我们来看一下一些我们常见的错误翻译 长期以来，菜名的翻译没有统一的标准，加上译者水平有限和地域差异，并不了解菜式的内涵，致使很多菜名的翻译让人感到不知所云。比如口水鸡slobbering chicken、童子鸡chicken without sexual life、夫妻肺片the couple’s lung 等，这翻译让外国人看了都吓跑了，哪里还有食欲吃饭呢？再如东坡肉poet Dongpo’s braised pork，东坡肉是用蒸的方法做出来的，所以这里应该为Poet Dongpo’s steamed pork 而不是用braised；“鱼香肉丝”较常见的有两种译法，另外也有人译为shredded pork with garlic sauce，前者译法为直译，后者加了简单的解释，虽然看似简单易懂，很直观，但是译者没有弄清楚此菜的配料，川菜口味浓重，很多菜肴的配料都是少不了“川菜之魂”郫县豆瓣酱，鱼香肉丝正是用到此配料，是不用所谓的大蒜酱，所以后者翻译存在误的地方；水煮鱼，也是川菜中的代表作，又麻又辣，有译者翻译为tender stewed fish，这个译法不够全面，应该在后面加上in chili sauce；夫妻肺片译为pork lungs in chili sauce，这个译法的译者应该不明白此菜的来历和主料，夫妻肺片根本不是用猪肺做成的，而且和肺一点都不沾边，此菜的主料都是用牛内脏，所以这个译发讲不通。对于以上的翻译错误我们不能只是一笑而过，我们应该感受到菜名翻译的难度，从而思考怎样才能更好的翻译来达到最佳的效果。

电子信息工程专业课程翻译中英文对照表

电子信息工程专业课程名称中英文翻译对照 （2009级培养计划）

实践环节翻译

高等数学Advanced Mathematics 大学物理College Physics 线性代数Linear Algebra 复变函数与积分变换Functions of Complex Variable and Integral Transforms 概率论与随机过程Probability and Random Process 物理实验Experiments of College Physics 数理方程Equations of Mathematical Physics 电子信息工程概论Introduction to Electronic and Information Engineering 计算机应用基础Fundamentals of Computer Application 电路原理Principles of Circuit 模拟电子技术基础Fundamentals of Analog Electronics 数字电子技术基础Fundamentals of Digital Electronics C语言程序设计The C Programming Language 信息论基础Fundamentals of Information Theory 信号与线性系统Signals and Linear Systems 微机原理与接口技术Microcomputer Principles and Interface Technology 马克思主义基本原理Fundamentals of Marxism 毛泽东思想、邓小平理论 和“三个代表”重要思想 概论 Thoughts of Mao and Deng 中国近现代史纲要Modern Chinese History 思想道德修养与法律基 础 Moral Education & Law Basis 形势与政策Situation and Policy 英语College English 体育Physical Education 当代世界经济与政治Modern Global Economy and Politics 卫生健康教育Health Education 心理健康知识讲座Psychological Health Knowledge Lecture 公共艺术课程Public Arts 文献检索Literature Retrieval 军事理论Military Theory 普通话语音常识及训练Mandarin Knowledge and Training 大学生职业生涯策划 （就业指导） Career Planning (Guidance of Employment ) 专题学术讲座Optional Course Lecture 科技文献写作Sci-tech Document Writing 高频电子线路High-Frequency Electronic Circuits 通信原理Communications Theory 数字信号处理Digital Signal Processing 计算机网络Computer Networks 电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave

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电子信息专业英语复习资料 一、基本术语（英译汉） 1.probe探针 2.real time operational system 实时操作系统 3.debugger 调试器 4.sourse code 源代码 5.software radio wireless LAN 软件无线电网络 6.base station 基站 7.top-down approach 自顶向下分析法 8.variable 变量 9.data compress 数据压缩 10.signal conditioning circuit 信号调理电路 11.Chebyshev Type Ⅰfilter 切比雪夫Ⅰ型滤波器 12.vertical resolution 垂直分辨率 13.device driver 设备驱动 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6e9754823.html,piler 编译器 15.template 模板 16.concurrent process 并发进程 17.object recognition 目标识别 18.Discrete Time Fourier Transform 离散傅立叶变换 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6e9754823.html,bined circuit 组合逻辑电路 20.impedance transform 阻抗变换器 21.voltage source 电压源22.passive component 无源器件 23.quality factor 品质因数 24.unit-impulse response 单位脉冲响应 25.noise origin 噪声源 26.Domino effect 多米诺效应 27.output load 输出负载 28.cordless phone 无绳电话 29.Antenna 天线 30.harmonic interference 谐波干涉 31.Parallel Resonant 并联谐振 32.voltage control oscillator 压控振荡器 33.adaptive delta modulation 自适应增量调制 34.amplitude modulation 调幅 二、缩略语（写出全称） 1.LSI：large scale integration 2.PMOS ：p-type metal-oxide semiconductor 3.CT：cycle threshold 4.MRI：magnetic resonance imaging 5.ROM：read-only memory 6.DRAM ：dynamic random access memory 7.TCXO ：temperature compensated X'tal (crystal) Oscillator https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6e9754823.html,B：Universal Serial Bus 9.DCT：discrete cosine transform

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果粒橙 图解:译文“蓝色” Unit 6 The Principle of PCM PCM原理 Pcm is dependent on three separate operations, sampling, quantizing, and coding. Many different schemes for performing these three functions have evolved during recent years, and we shall describe the main ones. In these descriptions we shall see how a speech channel of telephone quality may be conveyed as a series of amplitude values, each value being represented, that is, coded as a sequence of 8 binary digits. Furthermore, we shall prove that a minimum theoretical sampling frequency of order 6.8 kilohertz(khz) is required to convey a voice channel occupying the range 300 HZ to 3.4 Khz. Practical equipments, however, normally use3 a sampling rate of 8 khz, and if 8-digits per sample value are used, the voice channel becomes represented by a stream of pulses with a repetition rate of 64khz. Fig .1-1 illustrates the sampling, quantizing, and coding processes. PCM的构成依赖于三个环节，即采样、量化和编码。近年来，人们对这三个环节的实现提出了许多不同的方案，我们将对其中的一些主要的方案进行讨论。在这些讨 论中，我们会看到话路中的语声信号是如何转换成幅值序列的，而每个幅值又被编码，即以8位二进制数的序列表示。而且，我们将证明，为了转换频率范围为300HZ— 3.4KHZ的话路信号，理论上最小采样频率须为6.8khz。但是，实际设备通常用8khz 的采样速率，而如果每个样值用8位码的话，则话路是由一个重复速率为64khz的脉 冲流来表示的。图1-1表示了采样、量化、编码的过程。 Reexamination of our simple example shows us that the speech signal of maximum frequency 3.4khz has been represented by a signal of frequency 64khz. However, if only 4-digits per sample value had been used, the quality of transmission would drop, and the repetition rate of the pulses would be reduced to 32khz. Thus the quality of transmission is dependent on the pulse repetition rate, and for digital communication systems these two variables may be interchanged most efficiently. 让我们再研究一下上面提到的简单例子。可以看出，最高频率为3.4khz的话音信号适用64khz的（脉冲流）信号来表示的。但是，如果每个样值中用4位（码）表示，则传输质量会下降，而脉冲的重复速率也将减小到32khz。因而传输质量是取决于脉 冲重复速率的。对于数字通信系统，这两个量之间极明显的互相影响着。 Digital transmission provides a powerful method for overcoming noisy environments. Noise can be introduced into transmission patch in many different ways : perhaps via a nearby lightning strike, the sparking of a car ignition system, or the thermal low-level noise within the communication equipment itself. It is the relationship of the true signal to the noise signal, known as the signal-to-noise ratio, which is of the most interest to the communication engineer.Basically, if the signal is very large compared to the noise level, then a perfect message can take place; however, this is not always the case. For example, the signal received from a

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桂林理工大学土木与建筑工程学院 土木工程专业英语外文翻译，中文翻译 姓名：马凤志 专业：土木应用 班级：10级9班 学号：3100510939

原文

中文翻译 The Influence of Concrete Compaction on the Strength of Concrete Filled Steel Tubes 压实混凝土对混凝土强度的影响 Lin-Hai Han School of Civil Engineering, Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Haihe Road 202, PO Box 689, Harbin 150090, P.R. China 韩林海，哈尔滨建筑大学，土木与建筑工程学院，海河路202号，邮政信箱，689，哈尔滨，150090 中国 ABSTRACT: Tests on twenty-one concrete filled steel tubes to investigate the influence of compaction methods on the strength of concrete filled steel tubular members are reported. 摘要：测试二十一钢管混凝土试验，研究了钢管对混凝土构件强度压实方法的影响报告。 Two parameters were investigated, including slenderness ratio and load eccentricity. 对两个参数进行研究，包括长细比和荷载偏心。 It was found that better compaction of concrete resulted in higher values of the ultimate strength of concrete filled steel

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外文资料 所译外文资料： 1. 作者G..Bouwhuis, J.Braat, A.Huijser 2. 书名:Principles of Optical Disk Systems 3. 出版时间：1991年9月 4. 所译章节：Session 2/Chapter9, Session 2/Chapter 11 原文： Microprocessor One of the key inventions in the history of electronics, and in fact one of the most important inventions ever period, was the transistor. As time progressed after the inven ti on of LSI in tegrated circuits, the tech no logy improved and chips became smaller, faster and cheaper. The functions performed by a processor were impleme nted using several differe nt logic chips. In tel was the first compa ny to in corporate all of these logic comp onents into a si ngle chip, this was the first microprocessor. A microprocessor is a complete computati on engine that is fabricated on a sin gle chip. A microprocessor executes a collecti on of machi ne in struct ions that tell the processor what to do. Based on the in struct ions, a microprocessor does three basic things: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6e9754823.html,ing the ALU (Arithmetic/Logic Unit), a microprocessor can perform mathematical operatio ns like additi on, subtract ion, multiplicatio n and divisi on; 2.A microprocessor can move data from one memory location to another; 3.A microprocessor can make decisi ons and jump to a new set of in struct ions based on those decisi ons. There may be very sophisticated things that a microprocessor does, but those are its three basic activities. Microprocessor has an address bus that sends an address to memory, a data bus that can send data to memory or receive data from memory, an RD(read) and WR(write) line that lets a clock pulse sequenee the processor and a reset li ne that resets the program coun ter to zero(or whatever) and restarts executi on. And let ' s assume that both the address and data buses are 8 bits wide here. Here are the comp onents of this simple microprocessor: 1. Registers A, B and C are simply latches made out of flip-flops. 2. The address latch is just like registers A, B and C. 3. The program coun ter is a latch with the extra ability to in creme nt by 1 whe n told to do so, and also to reset to zero whe n told to do so. 4. The ALU could be as simple as an 8-bit adder, or it might be able to add, subtract, multiply and divide 8- bit values. Let ' s assume the latter here. 5. The test register is a special latch that can hold values from comparisons performed in the ALU. An ALU can normally compare two numbers send determine if they are equal, if one is greater

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Lesson eight 第八课 Ⅱ.翻译句子，并注意remain和above的词类和词义 2. In this case the voltage applied must remain unchanged. 在这种情况下，那个应用电压必须保持不变 4. If you take 3 from 8, 5 remain. 如果从8中拿走3，剩5. 6. The above property was discovered by Faraday. 法拉第发现以上性质。 8. Lenz states that the self-induced emf impedes any change of current and tends to support the former current value. The above is known as Lenz’s law. 楞茨陈述自感电动势阻止电流的变化而保持先前电流的值。上面就是我们所知的楞 次定律。 Ⅲ.翻译句子，注意some的词义 2. That radio receiver weighs some five kilograms. 那个无线接收器重五公斤。 4. Some element in the substance is not known. 物质中的一些元素是人们不知道的。 Ⅳ.翻译句子，注意句中one 的不同用法和词义。 2. This concept was discussed in Chapter One. 这个概念在第一张讨论过。 4. No one can lift this equipment. 没人能举起这件设备。 6. This chapter will deal with one of the three functions of a turning circuit. 这章我们将介绍螺旋电路三个功能中的一个。 8. Before one studies a system, it is necessary to define and discuss some important terms. 在研究一个系统之前，确定且讨论一些重要的术语是有必要的。 Ⅴ.画出句中的名词从句，说明其种类，并将句子译成汉语。 2. These experiments do not show which particles. 这些实验不能显示他们的粒子结构。 4. The operating point is determined by how much bias is used. 操作要点是被用多少偏压决定的。 6. It is not important how this voltage is produced. 这个电压是怎么产生的并不重要。 8. It may be questioned whether this approach is the best for the physicist. 这种方式最适合于医生可能会被质疑。 10. This ball may be used to determine whether that body is charged. 这个球可能用于检测是否身体是带电的。 12. It is known that charged particles emit electromagnetic waves whenever they are accelerated. 众所周知的当电子被加速他们就会发射电磁波。 14. The value of this factor determines how fast the amplitude of the current

上海海洋大学专业英语期末翻译

Analog computers are analog devices. That is, they have continuous states rather than discrete numbered states. An analog computer can represent fractional or irrational values exactly, with no round-off. Analog computers are almost never used outside of experimental settings. 模拟计算机是模拟设备。也就是说，他们是连续状态而不是离散的有限状态。一个模拟计算机可以精确代表小数或无理数，没有舍入。模拟计算机几乎从不被使用在实验设置以外。 A processor typically contains an arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), control unit( including processor flags, flag register, or status register), internal buses, and sometimes special function units( the most common special function unit being a floating point unit for floating point arithmetic). 一个处理器通常包含一个算术/逻辑单元（运算器），控制单元(包括处理器标志，标志寄存器，或状态寄存器)，内部总线，有时特殊功能单元(最常见的特殊功能单元作为一个浮点单元用于浮点运算)。 CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer. Mainframe computers and minicomputers were CISC processors, with manufacturers competing to offer the most useful instruction sets. Many of the first two generations of microprocessors were also CISC. CISC代表复杂指令集计算机。大型计算机和小型计算机是CISC处理器，与制造商竞争提供最有用的指令集。微处理器的前两代中许多也是CISC。 Lesson 2 Supercomputer is a broad term for one of the fastest computers currently available. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense mounts of mathematical calculations (number crunching). 超级计算机是一个广泛的术语，因为它是目前可用的最快的计算机之一。超级计算机是非常昂贵的，并且它被用于需要大量的数学计算（数字运算）的专门应用。 It is a midsize computer. In the past decade, the distinction between large minicomputers and small mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction between small minicomputers and workstation. But in general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting up to 200 users simultaneously. 它是一个中型计算机。在过去的十年中，大的小型机和小的大型机之间的区别已经模糊，然而，有小的小型机和工作站之间的区别。但在一般情况下，一个小型机是一个能够同时支持多达200个用户的多处理系统。 Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution graphics screen, a large amount of RAM, built-in network support, and a graphical user interface. Most workstations also have a mass storage device such as disk drive, but a special type of workstation, called a diskless workstation, comes without a disk drive. 工作站一般都配有一个大的，高分辨率的图形屏幕，大量的内存，内置网络支持以及一个图形用户界面。大多数工作站也有一个大容量存储设备如磁盘驱动器，但是一种特殊类型的工作站，被称为无盘工作站，是不带磁盘驱动器的。

电子信息工程专业英语词汇(精华整理版)

transistor n 晶体管 diode n 二极管semiconductor n 半导体 resistor n 电阻器 capacitor n 电容器 alternating adj 交互的 amplifier n 扩音器，放大器integrated circuit 集成电路 linear time invariant systems 线性时不变系统voltage n 电压，伏特数 tolerance n 公差；宽容；容忍condenser n 电容器；冷凝器dielectric n 绝缘体；电解质electromagnetic adj 电磁的 adj 非传导性的 deflection n偏斜；偏转；偏差 linear device 线性器件 the insulation resistance 绝缘电阻 anode n 阳极，正极 cathode n 阴极 breakdown n 故障；崩溃 terminal n 终点站；终端，接线端emitter n 发射器 collect v 收集，集聚，集中insulator n 绝缘体，绝热器oscilloscope n 示波镜；示波器 gain n 增益，放大倍数 forward biased 正向偏置 reverse biased 反向偏置 P-N junction PN结 MOS（metal-oxide semiconductor）金属氧化物半导体 enhancement and exhausted 增强型和耗尽型 integrated circuits 集成电路 analog n 模拟 digital adj 数字的，数位的horizontal adj, 水平的，地平线的vertical adj 垂直的，顶点的amplitude n 振幅，广阔，丰富attenuation n衰减；变薄；稀薄化multimeter n 万用表 frequency n 频率，周率 the cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管 dual-trace oscilloscope 双踪示波器 signal generating device 信号发生器 peak-to-peak output voltage 输出电压峰峰值sine wave 正弦波 triangle wave 三角波 square wave 方波 amplifier 放大器，扩音器 oscillator n 振荡器 feedback n 反馈，回应 phase n 相，阶段，状态 filter n 滤波器，过滤器 rectifier n整流器；纠正者 band-stop filter 带阻滤波器 band-pass filter 带通滤波器 decimal adj 十进制的，小数的hexadecimal adj/n十六进制的 binary adj 二进制的；二元的octal adj 八进制的 domain n 域；领域 code n代码，密码，编码v编码 the Fourier transform 傅里叶变换 Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅里叶变换microcontroller n 微处理器；微控制器assembly language instrucions n 汇编语言指令 chip n 芯片，碎片 modular adj 模块化的；模数的 sensor n 传感器 plug vt堵，塞，插上n塞子，插头，插销coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的 fiber n 光纤relay contact 继电接触器 single instruction programmer 单指令编程器 dedicated manufactures programming unit 专 供制造厂用的编程单元 beam n （光线的）束，柱，梁 polarize v（使）偏振，（使）极化 Cathode Ray Tube（CRT）阴极射线管 neuron n神经元；神经细胞 fuzzy adj 模糊的 Artificial Intelligence Shell 人工智能外壳程序 Expert Systems 专家系统 Artificial Intelligence 人工智能 Perceptive Systems 感知系统 neural network 神经网络 fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑 intelligent agent 智能代理 electromagnetic adj 电磁的 coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的 microwave n 微波 charge v充电，使充电 insulator n 绝缘体，绝缘物 nonconductive adj非导体的，绝缘的 antenna n天线；触角 modeling n建模，造型 simulation n 仿真；模拟 prototype n 原型 array n 排队，编队 vector n 向量，矢量 wavelet n 微波，小浪 sine 正弦cosine 余弦 inverse adj倒转的，反转的n反面；相反v 倒转 high-performance 高精确性，高性能 two-dimensional 二维的；缺乏深度的 three-dimensional 三维的；立体的；真实的 object-oriented programming面向对象的程序 设计 spectral adj 光谱的 attenuation n衰减；变薄；稀释 distortion n 失真，扭曲，变形 wavelength n 波长 refractive adj 折射的 ATM 异步传输模式Asynchronous Transfer Mode ADSL非对称用户数字线Asymmetric digital subscriber line VDSL甚高速数字用户线very high data rate digital subscriber line HDSL高速数据用户线high rate digital subscriber line FDMA频分多址(Frequency Division Multiple Access) TDMA时分多址(Time Division Multiple Access) CDMA同步码分多址方式(Code Division Multiple Access) WCDMA宽带码分多址移动通信系统(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) TD-SCDMA(Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access)时分同步码分多址 SDLC(synchronous data link control)同步数据 链路控制 HDLC(high-level data link control)高级数据链路 控制 IP/TCP(internet protocol /transfer Control Protocol)网络传输控制协议 ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 国际电信联盟 ISO国际标准化组织（International Standardization Organization）； OSI开放式系统互联参考模型（Open System Interconnect） GSM全球移动通信系统（Global System for Mobile Communications） GPRS通用分组无线业务(General Packet Radio Service) FDD(frequency division duplex)频分双工 TDD(time division duplex)时分双工 VPI虚路径标识符（Virtual Path Identifier）； ISDN（Integrated Services Digital Network）综 合业务数字网 IDN综合数字网（integrated digital network） HDTV (high definition television)高清晰度电视 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)离散余弦变换 VCI(virtual circuit address)虚通路标识 MAN城域网Metropolitan area networks LAN局域网local area network WAN广域网wide area network 同步时分复用STDM Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing 统计时分复用STDM Statistical Time Division Multiplexing 单工传输simplex transmission 半双工传输half-duplex transmission 全双工传输full-duplex transmission 交换矩阵Switching Matrix 电路交换circuit switching 分组交换packet switching 报文交换message switching 奇偶校验parity checking 循环冗余校验CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 虚过滤Virtual filter 数字滤波digital filtering 伪随机比特Quasi Random Bit 带宽分配Bandwidth allocation 信源information source 信宿destination 数字化digitalize 数字传输技术Digital transmission technology 灰度图像Grey scale images 灰度级Grey scale level 幅度谱Magnitude spectrum 相位谱Phase spectrum 频谱frequency spectrum 智能设备Smart Device 软切换Soft handover 硬切换Hard Handover 相干检测Coherent detection 边缘检测Edge detection 冲突检测collision detection 业务集合service integration 业务分离/综合service separation/ integration 网络集合network integration 环形网Ring networks 令牌环网Token Ring network 网络终端Network Terminal 用户终端user terminal 用户电路line circuit 电路利用率channel utilization（通道利用率） 相关性coherence 相干解调coherent demodulation 数字图像压缩digital image compression 图像编码image encoding 有损/无损压缩lossy/lossless compression 解压decompression 呼叫控制Call Control 误差控制error control 存储程序控制stored program control 存储转发方式store-and-forward manner 语音\视频传输voice\video transmission 视频点播video-on-demand(VOD) 会议电视Video Conference 有线电视cable television 量化quantization 吞吐量throughput 话务量traffic 多径分集Multipath diversity 多媒体通信MDM Multimedia Communication 多址干扰Multiple Access Interference 人机交互man machine interface 交互式会话Conversational interaction

专业英语翻译作业译文

专业英语翻译作业译文 1.科学家们认为，这样微弱的粒子正则轨道实际上是不存在的。的想法现在已被事实否定了。 2.虽然小行星很小很微弱，天文学家已经知道很多关于它们的大小，形状和组合物，通过使用各种直接和间接的技术。例如，它是已知的许多小行星的亮度的周期性变化。 3.随着疾病的进展，大肌肉也稳步增长疲软。如果不治疗，患者变得瘫痪有呼吸非常困难，并最终死亡。 4.将信息从计算机的一部分转移到另一个取决于电流进行了线。 5.只有两件事是天文观测----站立的地方和地方看需要。 6.太阳风严重扭曲地球磁场，把它拖了一个长长的尾巴。 7.使用计算机，我们组成了一系列的合成歌曲的混合自然音节为不同的模式。 8.苍头燕雀的显示，找出正确的声音模仿的本能，这表明本能学习鸟类作为他们发展他们的歌曲一样重要。 9.We know from the fossil record that our ancestors and other intelligent creatures,the australopithecines,branched off from an apelike creature 2.5 million to 3 million years ago ,and coexisted until the australopithecines died out a little less than a million years ago.Stone tools and other evidence at campsites that date form about 2,000,000 B.C.indicate that some form of australopithecine performed human activities ------ making tools,sharing food and working together. 我们知道从化石记录我们的祖先和其他智能生物，猿，分枝从远古的生物2500000到3000000年前，南方古猿和共存直到死了比一百万年前少了一点。石器和露营地，日期约2000000 b.c.表明某种形式的南方古猿表现人类活动------制作工具的其他证据，分享食物，一起工作。 10.properties of metals Metals are of great use to mankind because of their useful engineering properties. Strength is one of the important properties of metals .It enables them to resist external loads without incurring structural damages.Metals, possessing toughness, a property of absorbing considerable energy before fracture,bend rather than break. Another property of metals is elasticity.Because of their elasticity,metals subjected to an external load are distorted or stained, and return to their original dimensions when the load is released if the load is not too great. Ductility is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking. That is why some metals, such as copper and aluminum, can be drawn erom a large into a smaller diameter of wire.