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(完整版)(完整版)现代大学英语精读6(第二版)教师用书Unit1

Unit 1

Paper Tigers

Wesley Yang

Additional Background Information

(About Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother)

What follows is a comment on Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Elizabeth Chang, an editor of The Washington Post's Sunday Magazine, which carried the article on January 8th, 2011.

The cover of Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother was catnip to this average parent's soul. Although the memoir seems to have been written to prove that Chinese parents are better at raising children than Western ones, the cover text claims that instead it portrays "a bitter clash of cultures, a fleeting taste of glory" and how the Tiger Mother “was humbled by a 13-year-old.”As a hopelessly Western mother married into a Chinese family living in an area that generates immigrant prodigies as reliably as clouds produce rain, I was eager to observe the comeuppance of a parent who thought she had all the answers.

And, in many ways, "Tiger Mother" did not disappoint. At night, I would nudge my husband awake to read him some of its more revealing passages, such as when author Amy Chua threatened to burn her older daughter's stuffed animals if the child didn't improve her piano playing. "What Chinese parents understand," Chua writes, "is that nothing is fun until you're good at it." By day, I would tell my own two daughters about how Chua threw unimpressive birthday cards back at her young girls and ordered them to make better ones. For a mother whose half-Chinese children played outside while the kids of stricter immigrant neighbors could be heard laboring over the violin and piano, the book can be wickedly gratifying. Reading it is like secretly peering into the home of a controlling, obsessive yet compulsively honest mother—one who sometimes makes the rest of us look good, if less remarkable and with less impressive offspring. Does becoming super-accomplished make up for years of stress? That's something my daughters and I will never find out.

Chua is a law professor and author of two acclaimed books on international affairs, though readers of "Tiger Mother" get only a glimpse of that part of her life, with airy, tossed off-lines such as "Meanwhile, I was still teaching my courses at Yale and finishing up my second book" while also "traveling continuously, giving lectures about democratization and ethnic conflict." Her third book abandons global concerns to focus intimately on Chua's attempt to raise her two daughters the way her immigrant parents raised her. There would be no play dates and no sleepovers: "I don't really have time for anything fun, because I'm Chinese," one of Chua's daughters told a friend. Instead, there would be a total commitment to academics and expertise at something, preferably an instrument. Though Chua's Jewish husband grew up with parents who encouraged him to imagine—and to express himself, he nonetheless agreed to let her take the lead in rearing the children and mostly serves as the Greek chorus to Chua's crazed actions.

In Chinese parenting theory, hard work produces accomplishment, which produces confidence and yet more accomplishment. As Chua note s, this style of parenting is found among other immigrant cultures, too, and I'm sure many Washington-area readers have seen it, if they don't employ it themselves. Chua's older daughter, Sophia, a pianist, went along with, and blossomed, under this approach. The younger daughter, Lulu, whose instrument of Chua's choice was a violin, was a different story. The turning point came when, after years of practicing and performing, Lulu expressed her hatred of the violin, her mother and of being Chinese. Chua imagined a Western parent’s take on Lulu's rebellion: "Why torture yourself and your child? What's the point? ... I knew as a Chinese mother I could never give in to that way of thinking." But she nevertheless allowed Lulu to abandon the violin. Given that the worst Lulu ever did was cut her own hair and throw a glass, my reaction was that Chua got off easy in a society where some pressured children cut themselves, become anorexic, refuse to go to school or worse. No one but an obsessive Chinese mother would consider her healthy, engaging and accomplished daughter deficient because the girl prefers tennis to the violin—but that's exactly the point.

And, oh, what Chua put herself and her daughters through before she got to her moment of reckoning. On weekends, they would spend hours getting to and from music lessons and then come home and practice for hours longer. At night, Chua would read up on violin technique and fret about the children in China who were practicing 10 hours a day. (Did this woman ever sleep?) She insisted that her daughters maintain top grades—Bs, she notes, inspire a "screaming, hair-tearing explosion" among Chinese parents and the application of countless practice tests. She once refused to let a child leave the piano bench to use the bathroom. She slapped one daughter who was practicing poorly. She threatened her children not just with stuffed-animal destruction, but with exposure to the elements. She made them practice on trips to dozens of destinations, including London, Rome, Bombay and the Greek island of Crete, where she kept Lulu going so long one day that the family missed seeing the palace at Knossos.

Sometimes, you're not quite sure whether Chua is being serious or deadpan. For example, she says she tried to apply Chinese parenting to the family's two dogs before accepting that the only thing they were good at was expressing affection. "Although it is true that some dogs are on bomb squads or drug-sniffing teams," she concluded, "it is perfectly fine for most dogs not to have a profession, or even any special skills." On the one hand, she seems aware of her shortcomings: She is, she notes, "not good at enjoying life," and she acknowledges that the Chinese parenting approach is flawed because it doesn't tolerate the possibility of failure. On the other hand, she sniffs that "there are all kinds of psychological disorders in the West that don't exist in Asia." When not contemptuous, some of her wry observations about Western-style child-rearing are spot-on: "Private schools are constantly trying to make learning fun by having parents do all the work," and sleepovers are "a kind of punishment parents unknowingly inflict on their children through permissiveness."

Readers will alternately gasp at and empathize with Chua's struggles and aspirations, all the while enjoying her writing, which, like her kid-rearing philosophy, is brisk, lively and no-holds-barred. This memoir raises intriguing, sometimes uncomfortable questions about love, pride, ambition, achievement and self-worth that will resonate among success-obsessed parents. Is it possible, for example, that Chinese parents have more confidence in their children's abilities, or that they are

simply willing to work harder at raising exceptional children than Westerners are? Unfortunately, the author leaves many questions unanswered as her book limps its way to a conclusion, with Chua acknowledging her uncertainty about how to finish it and the family still debating the pros and cons of her approach (anyone hoping for a total renunciation of the Chinese approach will be disappointed).

Ending a parenting story when one child is only 15 seems premature; in fact, it might not be possible to really understand the impact of Chua's efforts until her daughters have offspring of their own. Perhaps a sequel, or a series ("Tiger Grandmother"!) is in the works. But while this battle might not have been convincingly concluded, it's engagingly and provocatively chronicled. Readers of all stripes will respond to "Tiger Mother."

Structure of the Text

Part I (Paras. 1-2)

The author, an Asian living in the United States, introduces himself as a ‘banana’.

Part II (Paras. 3-5)

The author describes how he believes Asians are generally viewed in the United States and how he views Asian values himself. It is clear that his overall attitude toward his cultural roots is negative. Part III (Paras. 6-8)

The author agrees that Asians (especially Chinese) are over-represented in American elite schools and that, percentage-wise, more Chinese earn median family incomes than any other ethnic group in the United States. However, he does not accept the idea that the Chinese are “taking over” top American schools. He particularly ridicules the idea that the United States has to worry about a more general Chinese “takeover”, as Amy Chua’s book seems to suggest.

Part IV (Paras. 9-14)

In these paragraphs, the author tells the story of a Chinese American whose experience as a graduate of one of the most competitive high schools in the U.S. proves that while Asian overrepresentation in elite schools is a fact, the success of Asian students is not an indication of their higher intelligence but rather of their constant practice of test-taking. The fear that U.S. schools might become “too Asian” (too test-oriented) in response, narrowing students’ educational experience, has aroused general concern.

Part V (Paras. 15-22)

The author points out that the ethnic imbalance in elite schools is not only resented by white students and educators, but that even Asian students are beginning to raise serious doubts. They are tired of the crushing workload and believe there must be a better way. They envy their white fellow students who finally get to the top - strong, healthy, with a high level of academic achievement, and with time even for a girlfriend or boyfriend. They cannot help but still feel alienated in this society.

Part VI (Paras. 23-28)

In these Paragraphs, the author tells the story of another Chinese student who describes the subtle influence of his Chinese upbringing, which makes it difficult for him to be culturally assimilated.

Part VII (Paras. 29-36)

In these Paragraphs, the author discusses the problem of the “bamboo ceiling”—the fact that in spite of high academic achievement, virtually no Asians are found in the upper reaches of leadership. The author believes that this is because Asian upbringing fails to provide children with the requisite skills for leadership.

Part VIII (Paras. 37-43)

Between Para. 36 and Para. 37 in the original essay, there are many more case studies reflecting vividly the negative effects of Asian culture. But in order to limit the essay to a manageable length, we (the compilers) were unable to include them. Therefore, in this section, the essay comes to a somewhat abrupt conclusion.

Interestingly enough, the author feels that the Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother is well worth reading although he does not agree with Amy Chua, because, in his opinion, the book provides all the material needed to refute what ‘the Tiger Mother’ stands for. More importantly, the author thinks that Amy Chua should be praised for her courage to speak out and defy American mainstream views.

Detailed Study of the Text

1. Millions of Americans must feel estranged from their own faces. But every self-estranged

individual is estranged in his own way. (Para. 1)

Millions of Americans must feel alienated (separated) from the essence of themselves by their own faces.

The author is referring here to ethnic minority people in the United States, especially Asians.

Note that “face” here does not refer to skin color or facial features alone, but also to cultural di fferences. His point is that these attributes force him into the category of “immigrant”, though he doesn’t feel like one.

2. You could say that I am a banana. But while I don't believe our roots necessarily define

us, I do believe there are racially inflected assumptions wired into our neural circuitry. (Para. 2)

A banana is white inside and yellow outside. The term is often used ironically to refer to an

Asian American who is like all other non-Asian Americans people except for the color of his skin.

The author admits that people can call him a banana, but he does not like it, because he does not believe his Asian roots determine who he is. However, he has to admit that there are racially inflected assumptions wired into many Asian Ame ricans’ neural circuitry.

racially inflected assumptions: racially based prejudices, beliefs and ideas

wired into our neural circuitry: deeply planted in our brains (in our minds)

3. Here is what I sometimes suspect my face signifies to other Americans: An invisible

person, barely distinguishable from a mass of faces that resemble it. A conspicuous person standing apart from the crowd and yet devoid of any individuality. An icon of so much that the culture pretends to honor but that it in fact patronizes and exploits. Not just people “who are good at math” and play the violin, but a mass of stifled, repressed, abused, conformist quasi-robots who simply do not matter, socially or culturally. (Para. 3) This is how I sometimes guess other Americans look at us. (This is what I sometimes

think my face means to other Americans.)

An invisible person: a person much the same as others of the same group; a person who is hardly distinguishable; a person nobody will pay special attention to

devoid of any individuality: without any individuality

Asian culture is said to stress uniformity or conformity. The individual is encouraged to merge with the collective. Self-promotion or assertiveness is considered in bad taste whereas invisibility is regarded as a sign of modesty.

icon：n. 偶像The successful Asian student has become a symbol to be worshipped.

to patronize and exploit: to treat somebody in an offensively condescending manner and make use of him or her

The author says that American culture pretends to honor the ‘Tiger Child’ (the successful Asian) as an icon (a symbol of success and everything it represents), but actually it treats Asians in a condescending way and makes use of them.

a mass of stifled, repressed, abused, conformist quasi-robots: a large number of people

who are not allowed to act or express themselves freely, treated in a harsh and harmful way, and made to behave similarly, like robots.

do not matter socially or culturally: do not have much social or cultural importance.

4. I've always been of two minds about this sequence of stereotypes. (Para. 4)

of two minds: (BrE: in two minds) not decided or certain about something.

this sequence of stereotypes: this series of stereotypes. On the one hand the author is angry that Asians should be viewed this way, and he thinks it racist, but on the other hand, he has to admit that these views do apply to many Asians.

It is ironic to note that the author himself seems to be especially influenced by these racist prejudices. One may also wonder whether the stereotyped views some people have when they first encounter people of other races necessarily have devastating effects. For example, Chinese thought of Westerners as a mass of blue-eyed, yellow-haired, big-nosed, hairy chested aliens at one time. Fear of the unknown or unfamiliar is a common human reaction.

5. Let me summarize my feelings toward Asian values: Damn filial piety. Damn grade

grubbing. Damn Ivy League mania. Damn deference to authority. Damn humility and hard work. Damn harmonious relations. Damn sacrificing for the future. Damn earnest, striving middle-class servility. (Para. 5)

Now the author is talking about much more serious things. He is talking about his feelings toward Asian values rather than features or skin color, and his attitude is one of total rejection and condemnation. While we must realize that all cultures or civilizations have drawbacks, and we have every reason to listen to the bitter reactions of angry young Asians toward our shared culture, we should also remind ourselves that y oung people’s judgments may be hasty, imbalanced, and immature.

Damn: Note that this word is generally considered extremely offensive and obscene in all its usages, and is therefore avoided, but here the author is so bitter that no other expression seems adequate. Indeed, he may have deliberately chosen this word to shock the Asian community, especially Asian parents.

filial piety: love for, respect for, and obedience to one’s parents

grade grubbing: striving for high academic scores

ivy league mania: craze, obsession regarding entry to ivy league universities

deference to authority: respect for and submission to authority

humility and hard work: modesty, humbleness; diligence

earnest striving middle-class servility: Middle-class people usually “hope t o rise and fear to fall” (Bunyan) and therefore work slavishly and behave submissively.

One may wonder whether what the author describes here is racially determined or mainly a reflection of social and economic conditions. Many of the values listed above are similar to those of the American Puritans when obedience, respect for the old, diligence, thrift, simple living, family loyalty, discipline, and sacrifice were considered essential virtues.

6. I understand the reasons Asian parents have raised a generation of children this

way. …This is a stage in a triumphal narrative, and it is a narrative that is much shorter than many remember. (Para. 6)

The author says that he understands why Asian parents have raised their children this way. It is natural for most Asian parents to try to improve their children’s lives through education.

a stage in a triumphal narrative: A stage (the beginning stage) of a success story. And

many Asians have achieved success in a much shorter time than people realize.

7. Asian American success is typically taken to ratify the American Dream and to prove

that minorities can make it in this country without handouts. (Para. 7)

to be taken to: to be considered to

to make it: to succeed

8.Still, an undercurrent of racial panic always accompanies the consideration of Asians,

and all the more so as China becomes the destination for our industrial base and the banker controlling our burgeoning debt. （Para. 7）

But there always exists a feeling of racial panic, though it may not be obvious, whenever people think of Asians. This undercurrent is now becoming stronger as more American industrial companies move their manufacturing base to China, and China has become the banker controlling our growing national debt.

9. But if the armies of Chinese factory workers who make our fast fashion and iPads

terrify us, and if the collective mass of high-achieving Asian American students arouse an anxiety about the laxity of American parenting, what of the Asian American who obeyed everything his parents told him? Does this person really scare anyone? (Para. 7)

The author is pointing out the contradiction here: If…, then what about…? It is clear that he doubts if there is any reason for Americans to be afraid of the Asian American who obeys everything his parents tell him. Children brought up in this submissive culture cannot pose any threat.

fast fashion: This is a contemporary term used to refer to products designed and brought to market quickly in order to capture ever-changing fashion trends.

10.Earlier this year, the publication of Amy Chua's Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother incited

a collective airing out of many varieties of race-based hysteria. But absent from the

millions of words written in response to the book was any serious consideration of

whether Asian Americans were in fact taking over this country. (Para. 8)

to incite a collective airing out of many varieties of race-based hysteria: To provoke many people into stating openly various kinds of strong racist opinions

b ut absent from the millions of words…was any serious consideration…: But there was

no serious consideration in all these millions of words…

11.I mean, I'm proud of my parents and my neighborhood and what I perceive to be my

artistic potential or whatever, but sometimes I feel like I'm jumping the gun a generation or two too early. (Para. 9)

The second sentence of this sentence means that I feel like I am changing into a new person a generation or two too early.

This shows that the changes he has to make in response to a new cultural environment have come in conflict with his old cultural legacy, and he feels lost.

12. I ride the 7 train to its last stop in Flushing, where the storefront signs are all written in

Chinese and the sidewalks are a slow-moving river of impassive faces. (Para. 10)

the storefront signs: 店面招牌

Note that Flushing (法拉盛) now has the largest Chinese community in New York city, larger than Chinatown.

impassive faces: faces showing no emotion

Note that etymologically, the word impassive is related to “passion” rather than “passive”.

13. There are no set-asides for the underprivileged or, conversely, for alumni or other

privileged groups. There is no formula to encourage “diversity” or any nebulous concept of “well-roundedness” or “character.” Here we have something like pure meritocracy. (Para. 12)

set-asides: slots set aside for people in special categories 招生的保留名额

for the underprivileged: 专为弱势群体（保留的名额）

F or alumni or other privileged groups: 为校友及其他享有特权的团体（保留的名额）

T here is no formula to encourage “diversity” or any nebulous concept of “well-roundedness” or “character.”：There are no special provisions to encourage diversity” (referring mainly to ethnic diversity, guaranteed by what was known as ‘affirmative action’) or any vague idea of “well-roundedness” (referring to set-asides for students with special athletic or other talents) or “character” (referr ing to set-asides for students of especially fine character, demonstrated, or example by community service.)

Note that, according to the author, this school is different. It operates on the basis of something like pure meritocracy.

meritocracy: a system in which advancement is determined only by ability and achievement.

Here it refers particularly to a system of education in which admission to an educational institution, evaluation and promotion are all determined by ability and achievement (merit).

14. This year, 569 Asian Americans scored high enough to earn a slot at Stuyvesant,

a long with 179 whites, 13 Hispanics, and 12 blacks. Such dramatic overrepresentation,

and what it may be read to imply about the intelligence of different groups of New

Yorkers, has a way of making people uneasy. (Para. 13)

to earn a slot: to get admitted into the school; to be allowed to enter the school

slot: available position; opening; place

dramatic over-representation: a disproportionately large percentage of those admitted

15.But intrinsic intelligence, of course, is precisely what Asians don't believe in. (Para. 13)

But Asians, of course, believe only in hard work. They don’t believe in natural intelligence.

16.“Learning math is not about learning math,” an instructor at one called Ivy Prep was

quoted in The New York Times as saying. “It's about weightlifting. You are pumping the iron of math.” Mao puts it more specifically: “You learn quite simply to nail any standardized test you take.” (Para. 13)

an instructor at one called Ivy Prep: a teacher at a school called Ivy Prep, meaning a school for preparing students to get into Ivy League universities.

pumping the iron of math: lifting the iron of math, rather than an iron weight.

Note that the author is playing on the slang expression “pumping iron”: to lift weights.

to nail: to fix, secure, or make sure of, especially by quick action or concentrated effort.

17. And so there is an additional concern accompanying the rise of the Tiger Children, one

focused more on the narrowness of the educational experience a non-Asian child might receive in the company of fanatically pre-professional Asian students. (Para. 14)

an additional concern accompanying the rise of the Tiger Children: an additional worry related to the rise of high-achieving Asian American children.

the narrowness of the educational experience: Non-Asian American parents are worried that their children’s education experience will be very narrow because they are surrounded by Asian students who are all obsessively pre-professional.

pre-professional: Preparatory to the practice of a profession or a specialized field of study related to it.

18. A couple of years ago, she revisited this issue in her senior thesis at Harvard, where she

interviewed graduates of elite public schools and found that the white students regarded the Asian students with wariness. In 2005, The Wall Street Journal reported on “white flight” from a high school in Cupertino, California, that began soon after the childre n of Asian software engineers had made the place so brutally competitive that a B average could place you in the bottom third of the class. (Para. 14)

to revisit the issue：to look at the issue again

“w hite flight”: the fleeing (running away) of white students

a B average could place you in the bottom third of the class: If your grade were no more

than B on average, then you would be quite likely to find yourself in the lowest third of the class.

19.You could frame it as a simple issue of equality and press for race-blind quantitative

admissions standards. In 2006, a decade after California passed a voter initiative outlawing any racial engineering at the public universities, Asians composed 46 percent of UC Berkeley's entering class; one could imagine a similar demographic reshuffling in the Ivy League, where Asian Americans currently make up about 17 percent of undergraduates. (Para. 16)

to frame: to express in words

to press for: to make a strong demand for

race-blind: treating different races equally

Compare: color-blind

race-blind quantitative admissions standards:没有种族歧视的招生名额原则

racial engineering:designing a student body to reflect a pre-determined racial mix (the opposite of race-blind quantitative admissions standards)

C ompare: social engineering; genetic engineering

to compose 46 percent: to make up/to represent 46 percent

UC Berkeley's entering class：加州大学伯克利分校的新生班

demographic reshuffling：changing the representation of component groups making up a larger group of people: in this case, changing the ethnic mix within the population of Ivy League undergraduates

20.But the Ivies, as we all know, have their own private institutional interests a t stake in

their admissions choices, including some that are arguably defensible. Who can seriously claim that a Harvard University that was 72 percent Asian would deliver the same grooming for elite status its students had gone there to receive? (Para. 16)

to hav e their… interests at stake: to have their… interests in danger/at risk/in jeopardy arguably defensible：It can be argued that some of those private interests are defensible.

to deliver the same grooming: to give the same preparation for future elite employment and social position. grooming:梳理打扮

21. He had always felt himself a part of a mob of “nameless, faceless Asian kids,” who were

“like a part of the décor of the place.” (Para. 17)

the décor of a place: the way the place is decorated

22.“It's l ike, we're being pitted against each other while there are kids out there in the

Midwest who can do way less work and be in a garage band or something—” (Para. 18) to pit us against each other: to force us to compete with each other

out there: used to say in a general way that someone or something exists

way less: a lot less.Note that the word ‘way’ is an adverb here.

or something: used to suggest another choice, etc., that is not specified.

23.“The general gist of most high school movies is that the pretty cheerleader gets with the

big dumb jock, and the nerd is left to bide his time in loneliness. But at some point in the future,” he says, “the nerd is going to rule the world, and the dumb jock is going to work in a carwash”. (Para. 19)

gist: the general or basic meaning of something said or written

to get with: There is as yet no such phrasal verb in dictionaries. The meaning is to be paired with/team up with.

dumb jock: (AmE, informal) someone who is very keen on sports but not very clever

nerd: (AmE, informal) a person who is very interested in (and often exceptionally good at) technical subjects but lacks social skills.

24. … and star in the school plays and win election to student government. It all converges

at the top. It's like training for high society. It was jarring for us Chinese kids. (Para.

20)

to star: to play the leading role in a movie or play.

student government: 学生会

to converge at the top: to move toward one point and join together at the top

It was jarring for us Chinese kids: It made us Chinese kids very uneasy.

25.Mao was becoming clued in to the fact that there was another hierarchy behind the

official one that explained why others were getting what he never had—“a high-school sweetheart” figured prominently on this list. (Para. 21)

to figure prominently: to have an important place in something

26.This ordinary vision of suburban American domesticity lingered with Mao: Here, at last,

was the setting in which all that implicit knowledge “about social norms and propriety”

had been transmitted. (Para. 21)

vision: a picture you see in your mind

suburban American domesticity: life inside an American home in the suburbs

The setting in which all that implicit knowledge about social norms and propriety had been transmitted: the place and conditions in which all this implied, understood knowledge about standards of proper, acceptable behavior had been passed on

27. Before having heard from Mao, I had considered myself at worst lightly singed by the

last embers of Asian alienation. Indeed, given all the incredibly hip Asian artists and fashion designers and so forth you can find in New York, it seemed that this feeling was destined to die out altogether. And yet here it was in a New Yorker more than a dozen years my junior. (Para. 22)

to be singed: to be slightly burned

last embers: last glowing remnants of burning coal or wood

alienation: a feeling of not belonging to a community

to be destined to: to be certain to

to die out: to disappear gradually

a dozen years my junior: a dozen years younger than me

28. … his junior adviser would periodically take him aside. Was he feeling all right? Was

something the matter? (Para. 24)

junior adviser: As a freshman, he had both a junior and a senior faculty advisor to help him adjust to university life.

29. “I was acclimating myself to the place,” he says. “I wasn't totally happy, but I wasn't

depressed.” But then his new white friends made similar remarks. “They would say, ‘Dan, it's kind of hard, sometimes, to tell what you're thinking.'” (Para. 24)

kind of: (informal)to a small degree; somewhat

30.… it would not be wrong to characterize his demeanor as reserv ed. He speaks in a quiet,

unemphatic voice. He doesn't move his features much. He attributes these traits to the atmosphere in his household. (Para. 25)

to characterize his demeanor as: to describe the special qualities or features of his demeanor (conduct, behavior, manner) as

features: the parts of the face

Note that one of the common stereotypes of Asians is that they do not allow their facial features to express their feelings, hence the so-called impassive expression.

to attribute these traits to: to believe that these traits (qualities or characteristics of a person) are the result of (the atmosphere in his household)

31.At Stuyvesant, he had hung out in an exclusively Asian world…(Para. 26)

to hang out: to be somewhere for a period of time without doing much

32.He made a point to start smiling more. “It was something that I had to actively

practice,” he says. “Like, when you have a transaction at a business, you hand over the money—and then you smile.”(Para. 27)

to make a point to do sth: to be certain to do sth; to make a special effort to do sth

like: as for example

Note that this usage mainly appears in informal speech and is considered incorrect by some people.

w hen you have a transaction at a business, you…: When you have a business deal, you pay the money and then you smile

33.“I'm trying to undo eighteen years of a Chinese upbringing. Four years at Williams

helps, but only so much.” (Para. 27)

Translation: 我在努力摆脱十八年来中国式教育对我的影响。在威廉姆斯大学的这四年有帮助，但也只能就此而已。

to undo eighteen years of a Chinese upbringing: to reverse, to erase the effects of eighteen years of a Chinese upbringing

34. But he doubts he will ever feel the same comfort in his skin that he glimpsed in the

people he met at Williams. That kind of comfort, he says—“I think it's generations away.” (Para. 28)

…feel the same kind of comfort in his skin that he glimpsed in the people he met at Williams: The (white) people he met at Williams all feel very comfortable in their skin, that is, in being the person they are. But he is afraid that he may never feel that kind of comfort about being who he is.

generations away: 还需要过几代人的时间

35. …the “bamboo ceiling”—an invisible barrier that maintains a pyramidal racial

structure throughout corporate America, with lots of Asians at junior levels, quite a few in middle management, and virtually none in the higher reaches of leadership.

(Para. 29)

The bamboo ceiling refers to the invisible barrier Asians in the U.S. cannot exceed.

higher reaches of leadership: Reaches refers to the parts of an area that are a long way from the center, but it is often used figuratively to refer to different levels of an organization or different sections of a river such as: The higher reaches of leadership, the outer reaches of the universe; the farthest reaches of the country; the upper/lower reaches of a river.

36. The failure of Asian Americans to become leaders in the white-collar workplace

does not qualify as one of the burning social issues of our time. (Para. 30)

It does not have the necessary qualities (because it is considered not important enough) to be regarded as one of the hot social issues of the day.

37.If between 15 and 20 percent of every Ivy League class is Asian, and if the Ivy Leagues

are incubators for the country's leaders, it would stand to reason that Asians would make up some corresponding portion of the leadership class. (Para. 30)

incubators for the country’s leaders: places where the na tion’s leaders develop and grow It would stand to reason: it would be reasonable to assume

38. One succinct evocation of the situation appeared in the comments section of a website:

“If you're East Asian, you need to attend a top-tier university to land a good high-paying gig.” (Para. 31)

one succinct evocation of the situation: one concise statement that can call forth our

memories (of a situation)

If you're East Asian, you need to attend a top-tier university to land a good high-paying gig: If you’re East Asian (including Chinese and Koreans, among others), you must attend a top-level university if you want to get a high-paying job.

39. Part of the insidious nature of the “bamboo ceiling” is that it does not seem to be

caused by overt racism. (Para. 32)

insidious: secretly harmful 平时不为人注意但具有巨大危害的；有很大潜在危害的

overt racism: racism expressed in an open way 公然/露骨表现出来的种族主义

40. More likely, the discrepancy in these numbers is a matter of unconscious bias.

Nobody would affirm the proposition that tall men are intrinsically better leaders, for instance. And yet while only 15 percent of the male population is at least six feet tall, 58 percent of all corporate CEOs are. Similarly, nobody would say that Asian people are unfit to be leaders. But subjects in a recently published psychological experiment consistently rated hypothetical employees with Caucasian-sounding names higher in leadership potential than identical ones with Asian names. (Para. 33)

affirm the proposition：to declare firmly that the proposition (调查表所列的命题) is true subjects: 被调查的对象

employees with Caucasian-sounding names：employees whose names sound like names of white people

41. To become a leader requires taking personal initiative and thinking about how an

organization can work differently. It also requires networking, self-promotion, and self-assertion. (Para. 34)

To become a leader, you must know how to take personal initiative rather than just waiting for orders, and you must be innovative and think how an organization can work differently rather than just following the established routine.

networking: establishing and nurturing professional connections in order to share information, advice, and support建立人际之间的交流与沟通

self-promotion: striving to make people more aware of your abilities or talents自我推销self-assertion: the act of expressing or defending your rights, claims, or opinions in a confident or forceful way 强烈自信，坚持自己的观点，坚持自己的权利

42. Amy Chua returned to Yale from a long, exhausting book tour in which one television

interviewer had led off by noting that Internet commenters were calling her a monster. (Para. 37)

a book tour: a tour one makes to promote his/her book during which the author will often

give talks and answer the audience’s questions about the book

to lead off: to start (the interview) in a specified way

commenter: a person who comments

Note that this word is to be distinguished from the word commentator, which means a person whose profession is to discuss important people and events on television or in newspapers.

43. In the book, Chua portrays her distaste for corporate law, which she practiced

b efore going into academe. “My entire three years at the firm, I alwa ys felt like I was

play-acting, ridiculous in my suit,” she writes. This malaise extended even earlier, to her time as a student.(Para. 39)

corporate law：公司法

to go into academe：to become a teacher or scholar at a university

play-acting:(often derog.) behavior that is not honest or sincere 做作；演戏

ridiculous in my suit：Amy Chua did not like to wear the stereotypical business suits required of women corporate lawyers. She felt rather foolish in this clothing.

This malaise extended even earlier: This discomfort could be traced back even earlier.

44. Even after she had escaped from corporate law and made it onto a law faculty,

(Para. 40)

to make it onto a law faculty: to secure a teaching position in a law faculty.

45. In other words, Battle Hymn provides all the material needed to refute the very cultural

polemic for which it was made to stand.(Para. 41)

The book is meant to support her views as a critic of American culture, but it includes all the material necessary to overturn her fierce attack on American culture.

Polemic: (formal) a fierce argument against or, less often, in defense of an opinion

46. She had set out, she explained, to write a mem oir that was “defiantly

self-incriminating”—and the result was a messy jumble of conflicting impulses, part provocation, part self-critique. Western readers rode roughshod over this paradox and made of Chua a kind of Asian minstrel figure. But more than anything else, Battle Hymn is a very American project—one no traditional Chinese person would think to undertake. (Para. 41)

defiantly self-incriminating:boldly or provocatively admitting herself to be guilty of wrong-doing

The result was a messy jumble of conflicting impulse s: The result was a confused mixture of strongly opposing desires

western readers rode roughshod over this Paradox and made of Chua a kind of Asian minstrel figure: Western readers acted in an insensitive and hurtful way toward this Paradox, and formed an opinion of Amy Chua as a sort of Asian minstrel (a minstrel was a medieval traveling musician). That is, Western readers refused to perceive the ambiguity and complexity of Chua’s views of both American and Asian culture and instead saw her solely as

a proponent of traditional Asian values, which they didn’t agree with.

Battle Hymn is a very American project: 虎妈战歌是一项非常美国式的工程。

47. “The loudest duck gets shot” is a Chinese proverb. “The nail that sticks out gets

hammered down” is a Japanese one. Chua had told her story and been hammered down.

Yet here she was, fresh from her hammering, completely unbowed. (Para. 42)

“The loudest duck gets shot”: This is the English translation of the Chinese proverb “枪打出头鸟”, not quite accurate, but a good one. The Japanese proverb can probably be translated into Chinese as “锤打出头钉”.

Yet here she was, fresh from her hammering, completely unbowed. Yet, although she has just been severely criticized, she is standing right here, defiant and not intimidated, refusing to admit defeat.

Key to Exercises

1.to lift weights

2.to make or do something in a perfect or impressive way

3.to think about or look at something again

4.the act of running away in order to escape danger

5.to plan or produce something, especially in a clever and skillful way

6.to take an especially important part

7.the parts of the face (eyes, nose, or mouth)

8.levels of an organization

9.to succeed in getting something

10.people or animals that are used in an experiment or study

11. a group of similar skills that belong together

12.the establishing of professional connections with the aim of sharing information, advice, and

support

13.to produce

1. This is what I guess other Americans would think when they see my face: This is an invisible

person, hardly distinguishable from other similar Asian faces. Or, this is a highly noticeable person because he stands apart from the crowd of non-Asian Americans, and unlike the

crowd, he does not have any individuality. A symbol of success who has so much that Asian culture pretends to honor but, in fact, it treats them like children and makes use of them.

These are not just people who are good at math and can play the violin, but a large group of people who are strictly controlled, restrained, maltreated, and have been turned into

something like robots, who will never do or say anything different from the approved norms, who are insignificant, therefore, both socially and culturally.

2. Learning math for Chinese American students, according to a teacher at a school called Ivy

Prep (meaning a school for preparing students to enter Ivy League universities), is not learning math in its ordinary sense. It is actually a kind of weightlifting, because the students just keep doing the tests like repeatedly lifting the heavy weight of math. Mao (the Chinese student who came to the author for advice) put it more definitely and exactly: “You learn quite simply to handle any standardized test you take.” It can all be done through dogged, repeated test-taking.

3. It’s like, we’re being forced to compete with each other bitterly in the east to get into the Ivy

League while in the Midwest, students are doing much less work and therefore can enjoy themselves playing musical instruments together i n a garage or even having more exciting fun…

4. There is something praise-worthy in the Tiger Mother’s proud disobedience (rebellion). And

though it is hard to say how much value, if any at all, the debate she started/ incited/aroused/touched off about Asian American life has, we will need more people like her, people who have the same kind of courage to say no, who are willing to face the public (not invisible), to have their voices heard (no longer meek and timid), to dare to try something new (no longer blindly following others), to stop stubbornly striving for Ivy League diplomas which they believe will prove their worthiness (no more grade grubbing), to stop thinking those scraps of paper will bring them happiness (no more Ivy League mania), and to dare to be interesting.

Phrases

1.因为种族差异而造成扭曲的观念

2.中产阶级的奴颜婢膝

3.日益增长的债务

4.成绩优秀的亚裔美籍学生

5.美国父母对孩子的放纵

6.任人摆布

7.（比赛时枪未响）抢跑；行动过早的

8.店面的招牌

9.毫无表情的面孔

10.（录取比例）大大超过其人口比例

11.天资

12.不考虑种族差别的录取标准

13.人口统计上的重组

14.社会等级制度

15.让人难以承受的工作负担

16.文化上已经得到融合的

17.社交上的行为规范和举止的得体

18.社交方面的缺陷

19.证件齐备无可挑剔的

20.一种金字塔式的种族结构

21.最紧迫（火烧眉毛）的社会问题

22.公司的董事会成员

23.公然的/露骨的种族主义

24.保证学校种族和文化多样性的顾问

25.死记硬背

26.有志于成为领导的亚裔美国人

27.为书的发行所作的旅行

28.在公众的围困之下

Sentences

1. 亚裔美国人的成功总是被用来证明美国梦是有道理的，用来证明少数种族群体能够在

这个国家取得成功而不必依靠政府的布施和救济。

2. 今年年初，蔡美尔《虎妈颂歌》一书的出版引发了公众各种各样反映种族观念的狂热评

论。

3. 这所学校没有为所谓弱势群体留下特殊的名额，反之，也没有为校友或其他特权人士留

下名额，也没有旨在鼓励民族或宗教多样性或任何其他“全面发展”、“操行品德”等模糊观念的规定和计划。

4. 你可以把它说成是一个简单的平等问题，并强烈要求入学标准不许在录取数量上有种族

歧视。2000年，也就是在加利福尼亚通过选民的提议宣布在公立大学内任何根据种族背景耍弄花招的行为为非法的十年后，加州大学伯克利分校的新生中亚裔占到了46%。

5. 和毛聊过之前，我原以为我最多不过就是稍稍被亚裔疏离感残留的炭火所灼伤。的确，

当你在如今的纽约见到那么多新潮的亚洲艺术家和时装设计师时，你好像会觉得这种感觉注定会完全消失。

VII

1. tongue

2. banana

3. jumping the gun

4. a slow-moving river

5. pumping the iron of math

6. nail

7. Tiger Children

8. embers

9. bamboo ceiling; pyramidal

10. incubators

11. duck

12. nail

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外教社大学英语精读第1册Unit10参考答案

外教社大学英语精读第1册第10单元参考答案 Vocabulary V. 1.j 2.g 3.a 4.i 5.f 6.b 7.h 8.e 9.d 10.c VI. 1. have vanished 2. tightened 3. mysterious 4. handle 5. caught up in 6. pulled into 7. dreamed of 8. retreat 9. stunned 10. would come through 11. made their way 12. take (him)back 13. mask 14. brightly VII. 1. The news of Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor stunned the people of the United States. 2. The wild animals started to run at the approach of the hunters. 3. I was so caught up in the film on TV that I forgot to do my homework. 4. Although the Second World War ended more than fifty years ago, many people still remember it painfully. 5. The cheerful smile vanished from her face when she heard the bad news. 6. In spite of America's high divorce rate, many Americans still dream of a happy marriage. Word Building VIII. 1. healthy 2. dirty 3. noisy 4. smoky 5. stormy 6. sunny, rainy 7. muddy 8. smelly IX. 1. ill-advised 2. well-paid 3. much-used 4. well-informed 5. poorly-dressed 6. well-travelled 7. muc h-handled 8. well-known X. 1. root 2. notice 3. retreat 4. board 5. mask 6. retreat 7. approaching 8. notice 9. rooted 10. board 1 1. dreaming 12. approach 13. mask 14. Dreams Structure XI. Model 1 1. She listened to a continual strange noise coming from the next room, her heart beating fast. 2. The old beggar sat at the corner, tears welling up in his eyes. 3. Jim continued on his way, the dog jumping around in front of him. 4. The girl in the snapshot wore a broad smile, her long hair flowing in the breeze. Model 2 1. Mother insisted that we be back before 6P. M. In the evening. 2. The salesman insisted that the money be paid before the goods were delivered. 3. The prime minister insisted that a committee be set up to look into the matter. 4. His teacher insisted that he read the book once again before he started writing the report. Model 3 1. Red flags were seen billowing in the breeze, as if greeting the soldiers coming home. 2. The brook kept murmuring all the year round, as if telling a never-ending story of sorrow. 3. The young men answered the strangers kindly, as if speaking to good friends. 4. Tom turned round from time to time, as if searching for someone in the crowd. Cloze XII. (A)

大学英语精读第二册Test Yourself 1(units1-5)完整答案

听力 13The woman did not go to school because of illness. 13He was worried something had happened to the woman . 13He did not have time to change his clothes. 13Angela dose not think tom has done anything wrong. 13She takes her dog with her wherever she goes 13The woman is looking for a part-time job. 13She loves work 13She is likely to be poor again 13Go to an appointment late at night 13She put leftover food back into her lunchbox 11-15： 11、He was surprised it was coming so soon. 12. Clean up the mess in her room 13、She was to find a book that belongs to her professor 14. He is from a poor family and is very careful about spending money 15. She was relieved that she could now get a rest 16-20 16. To see if he could get a job and earn money 17. To hold a precious stone in his hand 18. To learn the instructions that he gave on the first day 19. Frustrated 20. One has to be very patient in order to learn something 21-25 21. She always felt good 22.Witeh her new found self-confident 23. Being respected like Helen. 24. To help her realize her dream 25. He was lucky to have lent the speaker the money 阅读： One 26．To see if she could buy his dog 27.To protect his home 28.To get her breakfast 29. A rather poor girl 30. The dog will lead a happy life under her good care Two 31. An uneducated man could not gain full freedom 32.the library 33. There was no distraction for the students 34. Give everyone the information he needs for conducting his business 35. Intellectual exchange Three 36. More kindly toward others 37. regard other people as worse than they really are 38. Nobody returned the wallets they dropped 39. Even criminals were friendly to others 40. Broadcasters should emphasize good news rather than bad news Four 41. Staring a business of his own 42.A person to be avoided 43. A lucky poor man can move to the top if he works hard