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英汉翻译论文

英汉翻译论文
英汉翻译论文

English-Chinses Translation

09英语4班

许芯铜

200915310432

Qinggong College

Hebei United University

October , 2011

The Comparison between English and Chinese

I.Synthetic VS Analytic

A synthetic language is characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships.

An analytic language is marked by a relatively frequent use of functions words, auxiliary verbs, and charges in word order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms.

English is a synthetic-analytic language.

Chinese is a typical analytic language.

1.In English nouns, pronouns, and verbs are inflected, Chinese is

non-inflectional. The above grammatical meanings are mostly implied in contexts or between the lines.

Eg. He moved astonishingly fast.

He moved with astonishing rapidity.

His movements were astonishingly rapidity.

His rapid movements astonished us.

His movements astonished us by their rapidity.

The rapidity of his movements was astonishing.

The rapidity with which he moved astonished us.

He astonished us by moving rapidly.

He astonished us by his rapid movements.

He astonished us by the rapidity of his movements.(Jespersen 1924)

他的行动,快得惊人。

他行动的速度快得令人惊讶。

他行动速度之快,令人惊讶。

他的快速行动使我们感到惊讶。

我们对他的快速行动感到惊讶。

The English inflection, though few in numbers, are an integral and essential part of the language. The excessive frequency of these forms gives them great morphological weight. We cannot but accept Sayce’s dictum, “once inflectional, always inflectional”. Hence, while English appears as almost uninflectional when compared with such a language as Latin, it appears in the opposite light when compared with an isolating language such as Chinese.

2. Word order in English is not so rigid as in Chinese. More ways of inversion, grammatical or rhetorical are often seen in English.

The flexible word order in English is mainly the result of the grammatical concord of words in the sentence which is achieved by inflection.

When expressing temporal or logical sequences, English may make full use of inflections and function words to make its word order flexible, while Chinese, with the help of function words, arranges its word order according to certain rules of temporal or logical sequences.

3. English functions words include the articles, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, coordinators and subordinators, while Chinese function words include particles, connectives, and prepositions. Each has its own features in the use of these words.

Chinese is rich in particles, which can be classified into aspect particles, structural particles, and emotional particles. The frequent use of Chinese particles is a hard nut for foreign learners of Chinese.

Eg. 这回我可亲眼看见啦!This time I’ve actually seen it for myself. English has a large number of prepositions and prepositional phrases which are often in use, which Chinese has a few prepositions which are mostly “borrowed” from their corresponding verbs. A conversion of English perversion of English prepositions into Chinese verbs is often necessary.

Eg. Peter drew his knife on the robber. 彼得拔刀向那个强盗砍去。

4. English frequently uses its various connectives, coordinating or subordinating, including conjunctive and relative pronouns or adverbs, such as who, whose, that, what, which, when, where, why, and how. Chinese has no such kind of conjunctives and relatives, and other connectives are not often used, except in formal writings.

Eg. Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled. 几乎所有的物质都是热胀冷缩的。

English is an intonation language while Chinese is a tone language. One of the important features in modern Chinese is the predominance of disyllables and quadrisyllables over monosyllables and trisyllables. As a result, reduplication of characters, repetition of words, four-character expressions, and parallelism of syllables, words, phrases, and sentence structures have popular Chinese grammatical and rhetorical devices.

II. Rigid VS Supple

English subject-predicate structure appears rigid as a result of certain grammatical bonds, including the patternization and the principles of grammatical and notional concord.

Chinese, however, is relatively free from the government of S-V concord and formal markers. The subject-predicate structure is usually varied, flexible, and therefore complicated and supple.

Eg. He has a daughter, who works in Beijing. Someone has phoned her and it is said that she will be back tomorrow.

他有个女儿,在北京工作,已经打电话过去了,听说明天就能回来。

More ambiguity can be found in Chinese due to the lack of connectives, inflections and other grammatical markers.

1.他欠你的钱(他+欠你钱/他欠你的+钱)

2.准备了两年的食物(准备了两年的+食物/准备了+两年的食物)

III. Hypotactic VS Paratactic

Hypotaxis is the dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives, for examp le, I shall despair if you don’t come. English sentence building is featured by hypotaxis.

Parataxis is the arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relations between them, for example, The rain fell; the river flooded; the house washed away. Chinese sentence building is featured by parataxis.

To clarify the relations between words, phrases or clauses, English more often resorts to overt cohesion, frequently using various cohesive ties such as relatives, connectives, prepositions, and some others.

Eg. All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell. 过了一些时候,从远方传来了消息:在小铜球坠落的当天,确实发生了地震。这一切终于得到了澄清!

By contrast, Chinese more frequently relies on covert coherence and context, focusing on temporal or logical sequences. Instead of using various cohesive ties such as relatives, connectives and prepositions as in English, Chinese more often resorts to word order, contracted sentences, four-character expressions, and some grammatical or rhetorical devices such as repetitions, antithesis, and parallelism. Compare English with Chinese.

Eg. 人若不犯我,我则不犯人。We will not attack unless we are attacked. IV. Complex VS Simplex

English sentence-building is characterized by an “architecture style” with extensive use of longer or subordinate structure , while Chinese, a “chronicle style” with frequent u se of shorter or composite structures. In a word, English sentences are often complex while Chinese sentences are often simplex.

Eg. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors. 门口放着一堆雨伞,少说也有十二把,五颜六色,大小不一。

V. Impersonal VS Personal

1. Formal written English often goes with an impersonal style. Chinese by contrast, prefer to use a personal style. Compare English with Chinese:

Eg. It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are asked to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.

近来已注意到本馆存书惊人地减少,此时令人关切。先要求学生不要忘记借书还书规则,并考虑其他学生的需要。今后凡借书逾期不还者,必将严格按章处罚。

2. As a result of the above difference, the conversation of English passives into Chinese actives is often employed in translation:

(1) An idea suddenly struck me. 我突然想到了一个主意。

(2)A strange peace came over her when she was alone. 她独处时便感到一种特殊的安宁。

VI. Passive VS Active

Passive of various forms are frequently used in English.

By contrast, active forms, including those in passive sense, are often used in Chinese.

Chinese generally prefers to use active forms: besides, there are many other

ways to denote passive sense which is usually expressed in the English passive forms. For example:

(1)Notional passives: 一匹马能骑两个人。Two persons rode on one horse.

(2)Subjectless or subject-omitted sentences when the subject is self-evident, unknown or implied in the context. 要制造飞机,就必须仔细考虑空气阻力的问题。Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be manufactured.

(3)Using generic persons as subjects: 人们普遍认为…… It is generally consi dered that……

(4)Using “executive forms”: 凡是做工,都是把能从一种形式转换成另一种形式。Whenever work is being done, energy is being converted from one form into another.

VII. Static VS Dynamic

1.English makes more use of nouns, adjectives, and prepositions, and is therefore more static. Conversely, Chinese often employs verbs, adverbs, verbal phrases, repetition, and reduplication of verbs, and is therefore more dynamic. Compare the English sentences with the Chinese versions:

The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly care ful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. 医生迅速到达,并非常仔细地检查了病人,因此病人很快就康复了。

2.As a result of the above differences, the conversion of the English nominal style into the Chinese verbal style, e.g. English nouns converted into Chinese verbs, adjectives into adverbs, prepositions into verbs, etc., is often employed in translation:

(1)He is a good eater and a good sleeper. 他能吃能睡。

(2)I used to be a bit of a fancier myself. 过去我常常有电喜欢胡思乱想。VIII. Abstract VS Concrete

1. In English, nominalization often results in abstraction. By contrast, Chinese prefers to use con crete or specific words and employs a “down-to-earth style”, expressing abstract ideas often by metaphors, similes, allegories, or other devices for making a thing plain.

(1) He waited for her arrival with a frenzied agitation. 他等着她来,急的像热锅上的蚂蚁!

2. As a result of the above differences, the conversation of English abstract words into Chinese concrete words, figurative expressions or verbs is often employed in translation.

(1) He had surfaced with less visibility in the policy decisions. 在决策过程中,他已经不那么抛头露面了。

IX. Indirect VS Direct

The wider use of such devices as euphemism, understatement, litotes, indirect negation, periphrasis as well as the impersonal style and abstract diction makes English more indirect than Chinese.

1.Euphemism

Compared with Chinese, English euphemism is widely used in all kinds of

subjects, covering taboo, privacy, and other different aspects of social life, such as religion, birth, death, sex, love, age, disease, money, poverty, crime, profession, commerce, advertisement, education, politics, economy, war, diplomacy, etc,.e.g.

(1)sanitary engineer 垃圾清洁工

(2)We have entered upon a period of uncertainty involving fairly high mobilization. 我们现在正在就行一场内战。

2.Understatement

A statement which is not strong enough to express the full of true facts or feelings i.e. makes big things seem trifle, particularly common in English, is known as understatement.

An Englishman will say “I have a little house in the country”; when he invites you to stay with him you will discover that the little house is a place with 300 bedrooms.

3.Litotes

Litotes is a way of expressing a thought by its opposite, esp. with “not” as in “not bad”, and “no” as in “no small”, “no easy”. Chinese has similar litotes as “ 未尝不可”,“难免错误”,“不虚此行”,and “不无遗憾”,but prefers to use direct affirmatives for the English litotes.

(1)To my no small astonishment, I found the house on fire. 我发现房子着了火,这让我大吃一惊。

4.Indirect Negation

A strange feature of the syntax of subordination in colloquial English is the transfer of the negative form a subordinate that-clause, where semantically it belongs, to the main clause, e.g. “I don’t think he will come” instead of “I think he will not come”. Chinese prefers direct negation “我想他不回来” instead of “我不想他会来”.

(1) We don’t believe that the two boxers are very well-matched. 我们相信两个拳击手并非是势均力敌。

Other ways of using affirmative forms to express negative meanings are often found in implied subjunctive, disjunctive questions, ellipsis, swearwords, and ironical idioms.

(1)You could have come at a better time. 你来的不是时候。

5.Tactful Implication

English speakers are often careful not to cause offence or upset people in their expressions, which leave gaps in the development of thoughts.

(1)It can be worse. 还可以/还过得去/还算不怎么坏/凑合凑合吧

6.Periphrasis

Periphrasis or circumlocution is the roundabout expression in speaking or writing, e.g. the use of long or many words, phrases, or unclear expressions when short simple ones are all that is needed. Chinese generally prefers to be straightforward.

(1)In London there reigns a complete absence of really reliable news. 伦敦没有可靠的消息。

Compared with English, Chinese has been indirect modes of expression as the above, but other means such as polite expressions and self-depreciatory expressions are often used, especially in classical or early Chinese:

贵姓your name 拜访call on

XI. Substitutive VS Repetitive

Repetition of words in English is generally more or less abnormal and objectionable except that it is rhetorical or significant. To avoid repetition, English often employs substitution, ellipsis, variation, and some other devices. 1. Substitution

English generally uses pro-forms or substitutes to avoid repletion, while Chinese often repeats the same words or clauses substituted.

2. English usually leaves out the same words from a sentence to avoid repetition, while Chinese often repeats the same words.

3. English often uses synonyms or near-synonyms, superordinates, hyponyms or general words to avoid repetition, while Chinese usually repeats the same words.

4. Chinese often employs various patterns of character-reduplication for rhetorical or other purpose, while English has much less this kind of device.

5. Compared with English repetition that is generally rhetorical, Chinese repetition of words or meanings is rhetorical or grammatical, and is much more frequent.

6. Chinese antithesis consists of two balanced structures that are matched in sound and sense; parallelism uses three or more parallel phrases or sentences of relevant meanings and similar structures. In writing and speaking, these two rhetorical devices are much more used in Chinese than in English.

Translation Strategies

1. Literal Translation and Free Translation

Literal translation, also called word-for-word translation, is ideally the segmentation of the source language text into individual words and target language rendering of those word-segments one at a time. This ideal is often literally impossible.

Free translation, also known as sense-for sense translation, emphasizes transfer of the meaning or “spirit” of a source text over accurate reproduction of the original wording.

2. Foreignizing Translation and Domesticating Translation

Foreignization----This method is “an ethnodeviant pressure on target-language cultural values to register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text, sending the reader abroad” to have alien reading experience.

Domestication----This method is “an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target-language cultural values, bringing the author back home.

3.The Four-phase Process in Translating

(1)Analysis of the source text

(2)Transfer from source to target language

(3)Restructuring in the target language

(4)Revision

1)Set aside the draft for some days

2)Review the content

3)Set aside the draft again

4)Review the style

5)Review other details

6)Submission after testing

In the above processes, the translator should take into consideration a number of issues, such as:

The specific requirements of the client or the user;

The purpose and the use of the translation;

The function of the text;

The intended readers.

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英汉翻译技巧

翻译技巧 第一节否定句式的翻译 She is not a dancer. 她不是一个舞蹈家。 She is no dancer. 她算不上个舞蹈家。It is not an easy task.这不是一件容易的事情(客观评价) It is no easy task. 这可不是一件容易的事情。(主观评价) 一、完全否定 e.g. 1. There are no denying facts. 2. None of the answers are right. 二、部分否定 e. g. 1. All that glitters is not gold.(=Not all

that glitters is gold.) 闪光的不都是金子。 None that glitters is gold. 闪光的都不是金子。 Glitter/ twinkle/ sparkle/ flash/ shine/ brighten/ light/ lit/ blink/ glisten/ gleam/ flame/ illuminate / glow / glorify 2. I do not want everything. I do not want anything. 三、形式否定 1、cannot ….too…. 意思是不可能是过分的,一般翻译为无论怎样…都不过分 1)We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much. 2) We cannot be too careful in doing

experiments. 2. It is adj. + N. + that + 否定从句1). It is a wise man that never makes mistakes. 再聪明的人也会犯错误。2)It is a good horse that never stumbles and a good wife that never grumbles. 3. too…..to….. 太。。。而不能。。。。1)Beginners are too apt to make mistakes in grammar. 2) She was too eager to know the result of her experiment. 4. not ….other than ….原意是除了。。。就不。。。。 1) We do not like him other than he is now. 我们就喜欢他现在的样子。2) I can not read the long letter other than cursorily.

英语专业翻译类论文参考文献

参考文献 一、翻译理论与实践相关书目 谢天振主编. 《当代国外翻译理论导读》. 天津:南开大学出版社,2008. Jeremy Munday. 《翻译学导论——理论与实践》Introducing Translation Studies---Theories and Applications. 李德凤等译. 北京:商务印书馆,2007. 包惠南、包昂. 《中国文化与汉英翻译》. 北京:外文出版社, 2004. 包惠南. 《文化语境与语言翻译》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司. 2001. 毕继万. 《世界文化史故事大系——英国卷》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2003. 蔡基刚. 《英汉汉英段落翻译与实践》. 上海:复旦大学出版社, 2001. 蔡基刚. 《英汉写作对比研究》. 上海:复旦大学出版社, 2001. 蔡基刚. 《英语写作与抽象名词表达》. 上海:复旦大学出版社, 2003. 曹雪芹、高鄂. 《红楼梦》. 陈定安. 《英汉比较与翻译》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 1991. 陈福康. 《中国译学理论史稿》(修订本). 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 2000. 陈生保. 《英汉翻译津指》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司. 1998. 陈廷祐. 《英文汉译技巧》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 2001. 陈望道. 《修辞学发凡》. 上海:上海教育出版社, 1979. 陈文伯. 《英汉翻译技法与练习》. 北京:世界知识出版社. 1998. 陈中绳、吴娟. 《英汉新词新义佳译》. 上海:上海翻译出版公司. 1990. 陈忠诚. 《词语翻译丛谈》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 1983. 程希岚. 《修辞学新编》. 吉林:吉林人民出版社, 1984. 程镇球. 《翻译论文集》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 2002. 程镇球. 《翻译问题探索》. 北京:商务印书馆, 1980. 崔刚. 《广告英语》. 北京:北京理工大学出版社, 1993. 单其昌. 《汉英翻译技巧》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 1990. 单其昌. 《汉英翻译讲评》. 北京:对外贸易教育出版社. 1989. 邓炎昌、刘润清. 《语言与文化——英汉语言文化对比》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1989. 丁树德. 《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》. 天津:天津大学出版社, 1996. 杜承南等,《中国当代翻译百论》. 重庆:重庆大学出版社, 1994. 《翻译通讯》编辑部. 《翻译研究论文集(1894-1948)》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 1984. 《翻译通讯》编辑部. 《翻译研究论文集(1949-1983)》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 1984. . 范勇主编. 《新编汉英翻译教程》. 天津:南开大学出版社. 2006. 方梦之、马秉义(编选). 《汉译英实践与技巧》. 北京:旅游教育出版社. 1996. 方梦之. 《英语汉译实践与技巧》. 天津:天津科技翻译出版公司. 1994. 方梦之主编. 《译学辞典》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 2004. 冯翠华. 《英语修辞大全》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1995. 冯庆华. 《文体与翻译》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2002. 冯庆华主编. 《文体翻译论》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 2002. 冯胜利. 《汉语的韵律、词法与句法》. 北京:北京大学出版社, 1997. 冯志杰. 《汉英科技翻译指要》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司. 1998. 耿占春. 《隐喻》. 北京:东方出版社, 1993.

旅游英语翻译技巧论文模板

翻译技巧课程论文写作要求 一、题名(TM) 题名应简明、具体、确切,概括文章的要旨,符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则并有助于选择关键词和分类号。中文题名一般不超过20个汉字,必要时可加副题名。应避免使用非公知公用的缩略语、字符、代号以及结构式和公式。 二、作者(ZZ) 文章均应有作者署名。作者姓名置于篇名下方,中国作者姓名的汉语拼音采用如下写法:姓前名后,中间为空格。姓氏的全部字母均大写,复姓连写。名字的首字母大写,双字名中间不用连字符。姓名均不缩写。如: ZHANG Ying(张颖),WANG Xilian(王锡联),ZHUGE Hua(诸葛华)。 外国作者的姓名写法从其惯例。 对作者应标明其工作单位全称、所在省、城市名及邮政编码,加圆括号置于作者署名下方。 江滨 (牡丹江师范学院商务英语系,黑龙江牡丹江 157012)多位作者的署名之间用逗号隔开;不同工作单位的作者,应在姓名右上角加注不同的阿拉伯数字序号,并在其工作单位名称之前加注与作者姓名序号相同的数字;各工作单位之间连排时以分号隔开,如: 江滨1,李晓述2 (1.武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072;2.中南大学法学院,湖南长沙410083) 英文作者姓名下同样注明相应的英文项目,如: JIANG Bin (School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China) 三、作者简介(ZJ)及工作单位(DW) 姓名(出生年-)、性别、民族(汉族可省略)、籍贯、职称、学位、简历以及研究方向。在简介前加“[作者简介]”作为标识。例如: [作者简介]江滨(1979-),女,湖北仙桃人,武汉大学法学院2001级硕士研究生,主要学习和研究国际经济法学。 同一篇文章的其他作者简介可以在同一“[作者简介]”标识后相继列出,中间以分号隔开,最后以“。”结束。 英文作者简介用“Biography:”(单一作者)或“Biographies:”(多作者)作为标识。 四、内容摘要(ZY) 文章均应附中文和英文摘要,100-250字以内。摘要应具有独立性和自含性,不应出现图表、冗长的数学公式和非公知公用的符号、缩略语,并应尽量避免“本文认为”之类的空洞内容。最后以“。”结束。英文摘要应与中文摘要相对应。 中文摘要前加“[内容摘要]”作为标识,英文摘要前加“Abstract:”作为标识。 五、关键词(JC) 关键词是反映文章最主要内容的术语,对文献检索有重要作用,按学科级别从上至下选取3~8个,不得少于3个,并以分号隔开。中、英文关键词应一一对应。中文关键词前冠以“[关键词]”

英文翻译(论文摘要)

河北联合大学轻工学院英文翻译 河北联合大学轻工学院 毕业设计缩写大摘要及英文翻译 设计题目: 学部: 专业: 班级: 姓名: 指导教师: 2011年06月11 日

毕业设计缩写大摘要 机械制造业是国民经济的基础产业,国民经济中的任何行业的发展,必须依靠机械制造业的支持并提供装备。它的发展直接影响到国民经济各部门的发展,也影响到国计民生和国防力量的加强,因此,各国都把机械制造业的发展放在首要位置。 一个企业的人力资源管理是和一个企业的经营战略、组织结构体系与文化价值观紧密相连的,而卓越的人力资源管理更是是其他企业最难以复制、模仿的。因此,在竞争如此激烈的今天,通过人力资源管理来创造竞争优势就成为企业竞争战略中的一个重要部分。机械制造业企业的人力资源管理同样是企业管理的重要组成部分,合理有效的进行企业的人力资源管理是机械制造企业成功的有力保证。如何利用人力资源管理来帮助机械制造企业适应竞争和提高竞争力,不断提高制造水平,是每个机械制造企业都要思考的问题。本文通过结合国内外人力资源管理的相关理论知识,我国机械制造业的相关资料以及在实习中了解到的相关信息,针对我国机械制造企业人力资源管理的现状及存在的问题进行研究。通过本课题的研究,将对我国的机械制造企业,尤其是一些中小型企业,在进行人力资源管理时产生一些现实的指导意义,使得我国的机械制造业在新的历史时期,新的形势下,能够不断提高国际竞争力,提高制造水平。 近年来,我国的制造工业获得持续高速的发展,无论制造业总量还是制造业技术水平都有很大的提高,中国已成为名符其实的世界制造大国。虽然机械制造业从产品研发、技术装备和加工能力等方面都取得了很大的进步,但具有独立自主知识产权的品牌产品却不多,整体来说中国的机械制造业还是比较落后,高质量的、技术先进的机械设备计本上全部是国外企业提供的。随着社会的发展,人们的生活水平日益提高,各个方面的个性化需求越加强烈。作为已经深入到各行各业并已成为基础工业的机械制造业面临着严峻的挑战。 然而目前我国制造业总体的人力资源状况不佳,人力资源管理水平落后。中国机械制造业企业要从“中国制造”向“中国创造”转变需要大量的具有创新精神的科学技术人才、复合型的高级管理人才、高级技师、技师等熟练技术人才。在我国机械制造企业人力资源管理中还存在一些问题。主要包括对人力资源认识存在误区;缺乏现代人力资源管理的理念;人力资源资源使用率低;人力资源管理人员整体素质不高;缺乏科学合理的绩效考评与激励机制;人力资源管理规划缺乏科学性等六个方面。

英语论文翻译的各种技巧

1.增译法1)抽象名词后加词使其具体化2)增加一个适当的名词。3)增加数量词。4)增加形容词5)不及物动词后增加宾语。6)增加连词。7)增加表示时态的词。8)增加一个适当的动词。9)增加英语中省略的词。10)增加一些适当修饰词语。 2.减译法:由于英汉两种语言在语法结构、表达方式以及修辞手段上的不同,有些词语或句子成分在英中是必不可少的,但若搬到译文去,就会影响译文的简洁和通顺。因此在英译汉的过程中,为了使译文更加简练,更符合汉语的表达习惯需要省略一些可有可无或翻译后反嫌累赘的词语。但必须注意,减译不是删掉原文中的某些内容,在不易减译的情况下,不要随便减。1) 省略代词。2) 省略冠词。3) 省略连词。4) 省略介词。5) 省略名词。6) 省略动词。 4.分译法: 英语长句子比较多,汉语句子相对而言比较短。在翻译时可以改变原文结构,把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来,译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。 5.合译法:和分译法不同,合译法是将不同的句子成分组合在一起,使其更符合汉语的表达方法。 6.反译法:一个问题有时可以从不同的角度来解释说明。有些句子英语是从正面说的,汉语可以从反面来解释。1) 否定译成肯定。2)肯定译成否定。

7.顺序调整法:一般来说,翻译时应该按照句子原来的顺序进行,但由于英汉两种语言中定语、状语和一些其他成分的位置不完全相同,翻译时需要做一定的调整(例如采用倒译法),使其符合汉语的习惯。9.被动语态翻译法1) 变为汉语的主动形式。2) 被动结构的表化,将其翻译成"是……的"、"由……的"等3) 译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。4) 增添"人们"、"大家等适当的词做汉语译文的主 语。

英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧

英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧 要真正掌握英文翻译的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难,下面就和大家分享英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧推荐,来欣赏一下吧。 英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧推荐 首先是英文理解难,这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉,由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同,所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章,而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续,极为别扭。 二是中文表达难,英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇,往往被弄得头昏眼花,好像在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙,却没有。 另外,英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高,因为我们所翻译的*,其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域,而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情,如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。 正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难,所以,我们必须通过翻译实践,对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结,

以找出一般的表达规律来,避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误,而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。 一、词义的选择和引伸技巧 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后,就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧,以使所译语句自然流畅,完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手: 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。(形容词) He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜 欢物理。(动词) Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。(名词) 2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。 He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。

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