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Text-A Critical Reading

Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing with which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.Critical reading is active reading.It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying.Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying,and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.

Critical 批判

non-fiction 非小说类

put forth 提出

Position 态度、位置

Seek 寻找

Statement 声明

Involve 包含、参与

Evaluate 评价

Opinions 意见

Consider the context of what is written.You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours.Or,you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours.In either case,you must recognize and

take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.

Consider 考虑

Context 背景

Cultural 文化

Recognize 意识

Attitude 态度

Question assertions made by the author.Don‘t accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written,be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made.Look for

facts,examples,and statistics that provide support.Also,look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.

Assertion 断言

Certain 确信

Provide 提供

Sufficient 足够的

Support 支持

Statistic 统计数据

Integrate 整合

Authority 权威

Compare what is written with other written work on the subject.Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject.If there are inconsistencies,carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.

Compare 比较、对照

Subject 主题

Consistent 一致

Inconsistencies 矛盾

Provide 提供

Analyz e assumptions made by the author.Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions.In many cases,the author’s assumptions are not directly stated.This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption,you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.

Analyze 分析

Directly 直接、立即

in order to 为了

Identify 确定

Decide 决定

Valid 有效

Evaluate the sources the author uses.In doing this,be certain that the sources are credible.For example,Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics.Also be certain that the sources are relevant.Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.Finally,if the author is writing about a subject in its current state,be sure that the sources are current.For example,studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.

Credible 可信

Landmark 里程碑

Achievement 达成

Physics 物理学

Relevant 有关联的

Poetry 诗

Current 现在的、流行的

Appropriate 适当的

Identify that possible author bias.A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat*or a Republican*. What is written may very well reflect a biased position.You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written.That is,take what is written with “a grain of salt.”

By being a critical reader,you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.

Identify 识别、认同

Bias 偏见

Politics 政治

depending on 依据

Reflect 反射，考虑

Position 位置

a grain of salt 一粒盐

Appropriate 适当

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