2014年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院815英汉互译(同声传译)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院815英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解招生专业：外国语言学及应用语言学科目名称：英汉互译（同传）（考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）

一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）

In the pre-modern era,political,economic,and social life was governed by a dense web of interlocking relationships inherited from the past and sanctified by religion.Limited personal freedom and material benefits existed alongside a mostly unquestioned social solidarity.Traditional local orders began to erode with the rise of capitalism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,as the increasing prevalence and dominance of market relationships broke down existing hierarchies. The shift produced economic and social dynamism,an increase in material benefits, and personal freedoms,and a decrease in communal feeling.As this process continued,the first modern political ideology,classical liberalism,emerged to celebrate and justify it.

Liberalism stressed the importance of the rule of law,limited government,and free commercial transactions.It highlighted the manifold rewards of moving to a world dominated by markets rather than traditional communities,a shift the economic historian Karl Polanyi would call“the great transformation.”But along with the gains came losses as well—of a sense of place,of social and psychological

stability,of traditional bulwarks against life’s vicissitudes.

Left to itself,capitalism produced long-term aggregate benefits along with great volatility and inequality.This combination resulted in what Polanyi called a “double movement,”a progressive expansion of both market society and reactions against it.

【参考译文】

前现代时期，政治、经济、社会生活由一张错综复杂的严密网络支配着，它承袭过去，并因宗教而变得神圣化。有限的人身自由和物质利益同社会的有机团结并行不悖。但是，随着19世纪及20世纪资本主义的崛起，传统的地方秩序开始瓦解，市场关系逐渐流行并占据统治地位，打破了既有的社会阶层。这一转变产生了经济和社会的推动力，扩大了物质利益和人身自由，减少了公共情感。随着这一进程持续发展，第一个现代政治的意识形态，即古典自由主义应运而生。

自由主义推崇法治、有限政府（小政府）和自由通商。它强调市场而非传统社会主导下的多重回报，经济史学家卡尔·波兰尼将这一转变称为“大转型”。然而，有所得则必有所失，那种对一个地方、一个群体、一种心理的归属感消失了，同时传统的应对人生变迁的堡垒也没有了。

资本主义单枪匹马，带来巨大波动性和不平等的同时，却也产生了长远的集群利益。这样的组合构成了波兰尼所说的“双重运动”，即市场化的社会与其反对力量相并而生，不断滋长。

二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）

The European Union was established with a legal treaty and is founded on the

principle of the rule of law.This concept centers on a set of rules governing all society’s processes and interactions and being above all society’s institutions and organizations.The rules or laws set the moral and ethical standards by which the behaviour of members of society and organizations are judged.For the rule of law and thereby civil society to flourish,it requires,the citizens of a country to respect and trust legal processes,and the law to be applied in a consistent way to all.This gives people a feeling of inclusiveness and optimism about their future.The European Union’s Governance for Equitable Development(GED)project, implemented by the United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)from2007 to2012,has assisted China to benefit from knowledge of Europe’s developed legal system and civil society through technical exchange,research and knowledge sharing.

As people’s incomes grow and material living standards rise,their expectations about the quality of life,participation in civil society,protection of property and individual rights increase.Meeting these expectations for a better life in a rapidly urbanizing society with a still significant rural population is one of the key challenges facing China today.This is where the GED project has supported China in moving to a more equitable,inclusive and vibrant civil society,based on the rule of law.

The project has worked with three key Chinese agencies,the National People’s Congress,the Supreme People’s Court and the Ministry of Civil Affairs on topics ranging from law drafting and court efficiency to registration of civil society

organizations.The project has produced remarkable results over five years,leading to an improved environment for civil society to flourish in China,increased citizen participation in law making,reduced barriers to seeking justice,increased transparency and efficiency of selected courts and progress in the consistency of court decisions.

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欧盟是通过法律条约建立的，法治也是其创立的原则。这一理念围绕着一套统领所有社会工作流程及其相互作用的规则，并且高于所有社会的机构组织。所谓的规则设定了伦理道德的标准，社会或者机构成员的行为都要用它来衡量。为了法治，以及文明社会的繁荣，它要求一个国家的公民尊重并信任法律的流程，以及对所有人一律平等的法律本身。这带给人们一种包容的感觉和对未来的信心。2007-2012年，欧盟的“公平发展公共治理”项目在联合国开发计划署的实施下，通过技术交流、研发和知识分享，已经使中国从欧洲发达的法律体系和公民社会的经验中汲取了新知。

随着人民收入和物质生活水平的提高，他们越来越期望改善生活质量、参与民间团体、保护财产及个人权利。在快速城市化的社会，农村人口仍占相当比例，实现更好生活的愿望成为中国当下最为严峻的挑战之一。“公平发展公共治理”项目在法治的基础上，帮助中国向更加公平、更加包容、更有活力的公民社会迈进。

该项目与中国最重要的几大机构，即全国人民代表大会、最高人民法院和民政部联手，涉及的课题包括法律起草、法庭效率和民间团体的注册等。项目在五年的时间里获得了丰硕的果实：为民间团体在中国的发展创造更优化的环境，促进公民参与法律制定，减少谋求法律制裁的壁垒，增强法院选举的透明度和效率，以及提高法院审判的连贯性。

三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）

当今世界，和平、发展、合作是时代潮流更加强劲，但同时人类社会也面临着前所未有的挑战。历史罕见的国际金融危机重创了世界经济，其深层次影响仍在发酵，世界经济复苏进程曲折缓慢。气候变化、资源环境、粮食安全、能源危机、公共卫生、贫富差距、重大灾害、网络安全、恐怖主义等全球性问题更加突出，传统与非传统安全威胁相互交织。国际经济政治秩序还存在着不公正、不合理的问题，世界范围内市场、资源、人才、技术、标准等方面的不公平竞争远未消除。

【参考译文】

Nowadays,the trend of peace,development and cooperation has gained stronger momentum,meanwhile,human society is facing unprecedented challenges.The unusual international financial crisis has mauled the world economy heavily and continue to extend its deep-seated influence,making the recovery of world economy slow and tortuous.Worldwide issues like climate change,resources and environment,food security,energy crunch,public health, wealth gap,major disasters,Internet security and terrorism are becoming increasingly critical,and traditional and non-traditional security threats are intertwined.There are still injustice and absurdity in global economic and political order.And unfair competition of markets,resources,personnel,technique and standard around the world is far from being eradicated.

四、将下列短文译为英语（50分）

没有作业多好，这是无数小学生的梦想。但现实却是那么无奈，总有大堆的书要读，总

有大堆的作业要完成。然而在新西兰，这个梦想却可以变为现实。

一个偶然的机会，我参观了新西兰的一所小学。最让我惊愕的是，新西兰所有低年级的学生都没有家庭作业，也没有教育部统一制定的课本。小学生通常喜欢听故事，于是这里的老师就以故事书为课本。有时，老师也会布置一两道家庭作业题，但都是些手工制作。比如，让学生利用废弃的报纸折纸花，用喝过的饮料瓶做笔筒等。然后评比出最漂亮的作品、最有创意的作品，并为优胜者颁发奖状。

有人觉得，这样的教育方式，难以让孩子学到知识，难以应对以后的激烈竞争。可是，新西兰教育专家却认为，知识容易弥补，而快乐成长不容替代。这样的教育会让孩子人格更为健全，掌握知识更加主动，也能成为社会需要的出色人才。

【参考译文】

It’s the dream of many primary school students to have no homework.But the reality is so cruel that there’s always piles of books to read and lots of homework to do.Whereas the dream is close to reality in New Zealand.

I happened to have the chance to visit a primary school in New Zealand.What shocked me most is that all the lower-grade students in New Zealand have no homework at all,what’s more,there are no textbooks formulated by Ministry of Education.Generally,primary school students prefer stories,so the teachers use story books as their textbooks.Sometimes,the teacher will make one or two assignments but the students are simply asked to handmake something,for example,paper-folding with waste newspaper,making a pen container with drink bottles,etc.Then the teacher will select the most beautiful and most creative work and award the winner with a prize.

2015考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2015 Text 1 Paragraph 1 1、King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ?kings don`t abdicate, they die in their sleep.? But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. 西班牙国王胡安?卡洛斯曾说?国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中?。但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安?卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。 1.1 abdicate英/'?bd?ke?t/ 美/'?bd?ket/vt. 退位；放弃vi. 退位；放弃 1.2 scandal英/'sk?nd(?)l/ 美/'sk?ndl/n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤 2、So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? 如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？ 2.1 monarchy英 /'m?n?k?/ 美/'mɑn?ki/n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治 2.2 the writing is on the wall某事将失败的不祥预兆 2.3 royal英/'r???l/ 美/'r???l/n. 王室；王室成员adj. 皇家的；盛大的；女王的；高贵的；第一流的 2.4 magnificent英/m?g'n?f?s(?)nt/ 美/m?g'n?f?snt/adj. 高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的 2.5 majestic英 /m?'d?est?k/ 美/m?'d??st?k/adj. 庄严的；宏伟的 Paragraph 2 1、The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. 西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。 2、When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ?mere? politics and ?embody? a spirit of national unity.这时公众意见呈现出两极分化，弗 2.1 particularly英/p?'t?kj?l?l?/ 美/p?'t?kj?l?l?/adv. 特别地，独特地；详细地，具体地；明确地，细致地 2.2 polarise 英/’p??l?ra?z/ 美/’p?ul?raiz/vt. 极化（等于polarize）polarize英/'p?ul?raiz/ 美/'pol?'ra?z/vt. （使）极化；（使）偏振；（使）两极分化vi. 极化；偏振；两极分化 2.3 regime英 /re?'?i?m/ 美/re'?im/n. 政权，政体；社会制度；管理体制 2.4 monarch英 /'m?n?k/ 美/'mɑn?k/n. 君主，帝王；最高统治者 Paragraph 3 1、It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs` continuing popularity polarized. 正是这次明显的超越对君主作为国家元首继续流行做出了解释。 1.1 transcendence英/tr?n'send?ns/ 美/tr?n'send?ns/n. 超越；卓越；超然存在 2、And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). 正因如此，除中东外，欧洲是世界上君主制最盛行的地区，有10位国王（梵蒂冈和安道尔不算在内）。 2.1 infested adj. 为患的，大批滋生的（常与with搭配）v. 害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词)；遍布于 3、But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. 但是，与海湾地区和亚洲的专制国家不同，欧洲皇室能够留存下来，是因为他们让选民免于苦心孤诣地寻找一个没有争议且受尊崇的公众人物。 3.1 absolutist英/'?bs?lu:tist/ 美/'?bs?lu:tist/n. 绝对论者；专制主义者 Paragraph 4 1、Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. 即使如此，毋庸臵疑君主还是在衰落。 1.1 ownside英 /'da?nsa?d/ 美/'da?nsa?d/n. 负面，缺点；下降趋势；底侧adj. 底侧的 2、Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. 即使他们声称自己是国家统一的象征，但他们的历史和今日的行为方式都代表着他们享有的特权和他们身上体现出的不公平已经过时，且站不住脚。

考研英语一翻译真题汇总

1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little， if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic，intelligence， offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say，they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists，in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population

考研英语2000阅读及翻译

考研英语－-２０00-阅读及翻译

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２000Passage 1 1. A histoｒyｏf ｌong and efｆｏrtless sｕｃｃess can be a ｄreaｄｆｕl ｈaｎdicap, but, if proｐｅrly haｎdleｄ,it may become a dｒiｖｉng force. When the UniteｄStａtes entereｄｊｕｓt sｕch a glowing pｅriod ａfｔer ｔhe ｅnd ｏf the Ｓeｃond Ｗorｌd Ｗａr, iｔhadａｍａrkeｔｅighｔｔiｍｅｓl ａrger than anｙｃompetｉｔｏr，ｇiving iｔs inｄusｔriｅs unpａrａlｌｅｌｅｄeco ｎoｍies ｏf scａle．Itｓｓcientiｓts were tｈe wｏrld's bｅst, itｓｗoｒｋers thｅmｏsｔskiｌled．Ａmericａand Ａｍericans ｗeｒe prospeｒoｕsｂｅyonｄｔhe dreamｓof thｅEuropｅaｎｓａnd Asｉans whoseｅconｏmieｓｔhe war ｈaｄdｅstroyed. 一段长时间并且不费力而成功的历史可能成为一种可怕的不利因素,但若处理得当，这种不利因素也有可能转化为一种积极的推动力。二战结束后,美国恰好进入了这样的一个辉煌时期，当时，它拥有比任何竞争者大8倍的市场，这使其工业经济具有前所未有的规模经济。美国的科学家是世上最优秀的,它的工人是最富于技术的。美国的国富民强是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧亚诸国做梦也无法达到的。 Iｔwas inｅvｉtable thａt ｔhis ｐｒｉmaｃy shoulｄhave naｒroweｄas otheｒcoｕnｔｒieｓｇrew rｉcher. Ｊust as iｎevｉtａbｌｙ, tｈe ｒetreat from ｐrｅdomiｎancｅpｒoｖed paiｎful．By the mid-1９８0s Ameｒicans had fｏｕｎd thｅｍｓｅlves at a lｏｓs over ｔheir fａｄing ｉndustrial comｐetｉtiｖenｅｓs．Ｓomｅhuｇe Aｍerican inｄustｒiｅs, suｃh ａs conｓumer elｅctrｏｎics, ｈａｄsｈrunkｏr vaｎished ｉn tｈe facｅof fｏreigｎｃompetｉtｉｏn. Ｂy 19８７there waｓonly one Amｅrican teleｖisiｏnｍakerｌeｆt，Zenitｈ．(Now th ｅｒe is nｏｎe:Zeｎitｈwaｓbｏｕｇｈｔby South Koｒea's LG ElectｒonicｓiｎＪuｌy.) Foｒeign－maｄe carｓaｎd textiｌe s were ｓｗｅeping intｏtｈe ｄoｍestｉc market. Aｍeriｃａ＇s machｉne-tool industrｙwas on tｈe ropes. 2．Fo ｒaｗｈiｌe it looｋｅd as tｈouｇｈthe ｍａｋｉng of ｓemicoｎductorｓ,wh ｉch America haｄｉnｖｅnted ａｎd ｗhich sat at ｔhe heａrtｏf tｈｅｎeｗｃomputer aｇe, was goingｔo be the nｅｘt caｓuａlｔy. 随着其他国家日益强盛，美国的这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。从优势地位上退出的痛苦也同样是不可避免的。到了80年代中期,面对其日益衰退的工业竞争力，美国人感到不知所措。面对国外竞争,一些大型的美国工业,如消费电子产业，已经萎缩或渐渐消失。到1９87年，美国只剩下Zeniｔh这一家电视生产商。(现在一家也没有了:Zeｎith于当年7月被韩国ＬG电器公司收购。)外国制造的汽车和纺织品正在大举进入国内市场。美国的机床工业也即将灭亡。人们曾一度感觉下一个在海外品牌面前全军覆没的似乎该轮到美国的半导体制造业了，而在新计算机时代有着核心作用的半导体正是美国人发明的。 Aｌｌof tｈiｓcａused a crisis of conｆｉdenｃe．Ameｒicans stopｐed takingｐrosperｉty for gｒanｔed.Ｔhｅy began to bｅlieve thａt thｅｉr wa ｙｏf doｉｎｇbｕsiｎｅｓｓwas ｆailｉng，aｎd tｈａt ｔheir incoｍｅs would ｔherefｏre shortlｙｂｅgｉn to fall aｓｗelｌ.The ｍid-198０s bｒought ｏne

2015考研英语翻译真题解析

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