最新考研英语翻译(提高必备)

考研英语翻译—词法翻译讲义

名词性从句

一、主语从句

（一）以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句，在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。

What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。

Whatever is worth doing should be done well. 任何值得做的事情都应该做好。

Whether he comes or not makes no difference. 他来不来都没有关系。

When we can begin the expedition is still a question. 我们何时才能开始这次考察仍然是悬而未决。

How he is going to do it is a mystery. 他准备怎么做这个事情是个迷。

（二）用it作形式主语的主语从句，可以把主语从句放到汉语句子最前面去翻译。为了强调起见，it一般可以译出来；如果不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。 It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。（It没有翻译）

It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash. 驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的。（It翻译为“这”）

有时候，如果主语从句仍然按照英语原来的顺序翻译的话，it一般不需要译出来。在汉语译文的开始，一般可以用“...的是，...”这样的结构来翻译。

It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。（It不用翻译，还可以用“奇怪的是...”这样的结构来翻译）

二、宾语从句

（一）用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的宾语从句，翻译成汉语的时候，一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。

I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down. 我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。

Can you hear what I say? 你听得到我所讲的吗？

I don’t know that he swam across the river. 我不知道他游过了那条河。

I don’t know how he swam across the river. 我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的。

He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal. 他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我的建议。

有时可加“说”字，再接下去翻译译英语原文宾语从句的内容。

Smith replied that he was sorry. 斯密斯回答说，他感到遗憾。

He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others. 他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。

（二）用it 作形式宾语的句子，在翻译的时候，that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译；it有时候可以不用翻译。

I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning. 我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。（it没有翻译）

I heard it said that he had gone abroad. 听说他已经出国了。（it没有翻译）

但有时候，也可以在译文中将that引导的宾语从句提前到句子最前面翻译。

I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. 我被选参加会议，感到光荣。（it没有翻译）

We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world. 打开国门，实行开放，我们认为这是绝对必要的。（it翻译为“这”）

三、表语从句

It seems that it is going to snow. 看起来要下雪了。

That is why Jack got scolded. 这就是杰克受到训斥的原因。

The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people. 问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。

His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him. 他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。

四、同位语从句

能接同位语从句的名词主要有：belief（相信），fact（事实），hope（希望）， idea（想法，观点），doubt（怀疑），news（新闻，消息），rumor（传闻），conclusion （结论），evidence（证据），suggestion（建议），problem（问题），order（命令），answer（回答），decision（决定），discovery（发现），explanation （解释），information（消息），knowledge（知识），law（法律），opinion（意见，观点），truth（真理，事实），promise（承诺），report（报告），thought （思想），statement（声明），rule（规定），possibility（可能）等。

（一）一般来说，同位语从句可以直接翻译在主句后面。

He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示希望再到中国来访问。

There is a possibility that he is a spy. 有可能他是一个间谍。

（二）有时候在翻译同位语从句时，可以将其放在所修饰的名词前面，相当于前置的修饰语，但不一定使用定语的标志词“的”。这种情况下，同位语从句都是比较简单。

We know the fact that bodies possess weight.我们都知道物体具有重量这一事实。

The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded.关于他被捕的传闻是没有根据的。

（三）增加“即”（或者“以为”）这样的词来连接，或用冒号、破折号直接分开主句和同位语从句。

But this does not in any way alter the fact that they are now, from a practical point of view, irrational. 但这却丝毫改变不了这样一个事实，即从实用的观点来看，他们今天仍是不合理的。

We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth. 我们已经得出这样的结论：实践是检验真理的标准。

Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics. 不久前，科学家们获得一个令人振奋的发现——可以把这种废物变成塑料。

定语从句的翻译

一、前置法：

把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。

He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。

Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。

His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。

二、后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。

（一）重复先行词。

I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。

We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。

You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你们现在则在这一方面获得了更大的成就。

Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。

（二）省略先行词。

ceived the letter that announced the death of your uncle. 是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。

They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased. 他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。

三、融合法：把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。

There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。

In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention. 在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。

We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity. 我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志

She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere. 她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎

四、状译法

（一）译成表示“时间”的分句

A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded 司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。

（二）译成表示“原因”的分句

He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable. 他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。

（三）译成表示“条件”的分句

Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families. 人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。

（四）译成表示“让步”的分句

He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for 尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子，。

（五）译成表示“目的”的分句

He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter. 为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。

He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument. 为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料以。

（六）译成表示“结果”的分句

They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country. 他们企图镇压反抗，结果反抗愈来愈烈，遍及全国。

（七）译成表示“转折”的分句

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。

状语从句的翻译

一、时间状语从句

在英语中，时间状语从句的连接词常常有：when（当...的时候），whenever（每当...），as（当...时）， since（自从...），until（直到...，如果不....），till（直到...），before（在...前），after（在...后），as soon as（一...就），once（一旦...），the moment（一...就），immediately（一...就），the day（在...那天），no sooner... than（一...就），hardly(scarcely)... when（一...就），the instant（一...就），instantly（一...就），directly （一...就），the minute（一...就），the second（一...就），every time（每当...），by the time（等到....的时候）等。

（一）译成相应的时间状语

While she spoke, the tears were running down .她说话时，泪水直流。

She came in when I was having supper. 我正在吃饭的时候，她进来了。

As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause. 他结束讲话的时候，听众掌声雷动。

（二）译成“一（刚、每）...就”的结构

I’ll let you know as soon as I have it arranged. 我一安排好就通知你。

Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence. 他刚说出这些话，大家就沉默下来。

（三）译成条件句

Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果机器发生故障，就把电门关上。

A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it. 若无外力的作用，静止的物体不会移动。

We can't start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned. 如果没有有关当局的批准，我们不能开始这项工作。

二、原因状语从句

英语中，原因状语从句的连接词常常是：because（因为），since（既然，由于），as（因为），now that（既然），seeing that（既然），considering that （考虑到，因为），in that（在某方面），in view of the fact that（鉴于）。

（一）译成表示“原因”的分句，放在主句之前翻译，显示“前因后果”的关系。

The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱，作物歉收。

We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent.由于很多人没有来，会议只好延期。

二）有时候可以用汉语的“之所以...是因为”的结构来连接。

A gas differs from solid in that it has no definite shape. 气体不同于固体是因为（就在于）它没有固定的形状。

He will get promoted, for he has done good work. 他将得到提升，因为他工作干得好。

Theory is valuable because it can provide a direction for practice. 理论之所以有价值，是因为它能给实践指出方向。

（三）not...because的结构

I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. 我之所以教书并不是因为教书对我来说太容易

三、条件状语从句

英语中连接条件状语从句的连接词常常有：if（如果），unless（除非，如果不），providing that（假如），so long as（只要），on condition that （条件是），suppose that（假如），in case（如果），only if（只要），if only（但愿，要是...就好了）等。

（一）翻译在主句前面。

It was better in case they were captured. 要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。

If you tell me about it, then I shall be able to decide. 假如你把一切都告诉我，那么我就能够作出决定。

（二）翻译在主句后面，用来补充说明条件。

You can drive tonight if you are ready. 你今晚就可以出车，如果你愿意的话

No doubt I could earned something if I had really meant to. 毫无疑问，我本来是可以赚到一点的，如果我真有那样打算的话。

四、让步状语从句

英语中，表示让步关系的连接词常常有：though（虽然），although（虽然），even if（即使），as（尽管），while（尽管），whatever（无论什么），wherever （无论哪里），whoever（无论谁），however（无论怎样），no matter（不论，不管），for all that（尽管），granted that（即使），in spite of that fact that（尽管），despite the fact that（不管）等等。

No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong. 不管我说什么，也不管我怎么说，他说是认为我错了。

While we can not see the air, we can feel it. 我们虽然看不见空气，但却能感觉到它。

Granted that you don’t like the proposal, you shouldn’t have rejected it without consulting others.即使你不喜欢这个建议，你也不应该没有同别人商量就把它否决了。

五、目的状语从句

在英语中，连接目的状语从句的连接词常常有：that（为了，以便），so that（为了，以便），lest（以防），in case（以防，以免），for fear that （以防）in order that（为了）等等。

（一）一般翻译在主句前面。

一般来说，这种表示“为了”的目的状语从句通常放在主句前面翻译。

He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her. 为了不惊醒她，他轻轻推开房门，悄悄地溜了出去。

We should start early so that we might get there before noon. 为了正午以前赶到那里，我们很早就动身了。

（二）还可以翻译在主句后面，表示“省（免）得”、“以免”、“以便”、“使得”、“生怕”等概念。

He emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget. 他反复强调这一点，免得她忘了。

They hid themselves behind some bushed for fear that the enemy should find them. 他们躲在树丛后面，以防被敌人发现。

六、结果状语从句

（一）英语中，连接结果状语从句的连词常常有：so that, so...that, such...that, to such a degree等等，通常可以翻译为“结果，如此...以致于...”，可以直接翻译。

He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted. 他做了错误的决定，结果浪费了自己半生的时间。

The difference is such that all will perceive it. 差别这么大，所有的人都看得出来。（可以省略连接词而不翻译）

（二）有时候，如果在主句中含有“never, never so, not so, not such”等否定词，“but that和but what”也可以连接结果状语从句，构成双重否定。翻译的时候，可以翻译为“没有...不”。

She never comes but she borrow . 她不借东西不来。（即：他如果不借东西就不来。）

She is not so old but that she can read. 他并没有老到不能读书。

被动语态的翻译

一、译成汉语主动句

（一）保存原文主语

The meeting is scheduled for April 6th. 会议定于四月六日举行。

Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid. 水能从液体变成固体。

When rust is formed , a chemical change has taken place. 当锈形成的时候，就发生了化学变化。

（二）主宾颠倒

She was given a new pen by her father. 她爸爸送给她一支新钢笔。

Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change. 这种化学反应能放出热和光。

Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us. 现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。

Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country. 我国已将通讯卫星用于实况转播。

The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter. 下一章提供了有关的数据资料。

（三）增加主语

The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored. 人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。

She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed. 有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。

What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world. 我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久记住。然而我们在这儿所做的事，却能改变世界。

二、译成汉语无主句

Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quickly. 已经采取了措施来防止这种流行病迅速蔓延。

Water can be shown as containing impurities. 可以证明，水含有杂质。

The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end. 必须全部停止这种讨厌的噪声。

三、译成汉语判断句

The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。

Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。

The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution. 手稿是在法国革命前几周寄往伦敦付印的。

The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872. 美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。

四、译成汉语被动句

使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为...所、由...来”等等。

The minister was found to have appropriated government money. 部长被发现挪用公款。

He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office. 他因拒绝接受总公司的命令而被解雇了。

The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street. 那名男生在穿过街道时让一辆小公共汽车撞倒了。

He was praised by his teacher. 他得到了老师的表扬。

Problems should be resolved in good time. 问题应及时加以解决。

For a long period to come, most of China’s elderly will continue to be provided for by their families.

在未来较长的一段时间里，中国的老年人仍旧要由家庭来赡养。

五、常用被动句型“It+被动语态+that”的翻译

It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject.有人认为，生物气候学是一门复杂的学科。

It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science.有人强调说，科学的范畴可以分成两个主要领域：自然科学和社会科学。

It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation.应该指出，这一过程就是氧化。下面是一些常用被动句型的习惯译法：

It is hoped that... 希望，有人希望

It is assumed that... 假设，假定

It is claimed that... 据说，有人主张

It is believed that... 有人想信，大家相信It is reported that... 据报道，据通报

It is considered that... 人们认为，据估计It is said that... 据说，有人说

It is supposed that... 据推测，人们猜测

It has been announced that... 已经宣布

It is asserted that... 有人主张

It is rumored that... 有人主张

It is rumored that... 听说，谣传

It is noticed that... 有人指出，人们注意到

It is suggested that... 有人建议，建议

It is reputed that... 人们认为，可以认为

It is learned that... 据说，据闻，已经查明

It is demonstrated that... 据证实，已经证明

It is estimated that... 据估计，有人估计

It is estimated that... 有人指出，人们指

出

It is pointed out that... 有人推荐，有人

建议

It is proposed that... 有人提出

It was told that... 有人曾经说

It was first intended that... 最初就有这

样的想法

It will be said that... 有人会说

It will be seen from this that... 由此可

见，因此可知

It was noted above that... 前面已经指出

It must be admitted that... 必须承认，老

实说

It has been illustrated that... 据图示，

据说明

It is stressed that... 有人强调说

It is stressed that... 有人列举出了

It can not be denied that... 无可否认

It can be said without exaggeration that...

可以毫不夸张的说

It is sometimes asked that...人们有时会问

It was felt that... 有人认识到了

It is universally accepted that... 人们普

遍认为

It is unanimously agreed that... 大家一致

同意

It is alleged that... 据说

It is calculated that... 据计算

It has been proved that... 已经证明

It has been found that... 人们已经发现

It is still to be hoped that... 我们仍然

希望

It is well-known that... 众所周知，大家都

知道

It should be realized that... 我们应该认

识到……

否定结构的翻译

一、部分否定

（一）all, both, every, everybody, everyday, everyone, many, everything, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always, often等与否定词not搭配使用。常常翻译为“并非所有，并不是都。如：all…not（不全是，不都是），both…not（并非两个都，不是两者都），every…not（不是每个都），not always（不总是，不一定），not often(不经常)，not altogether（不全是），not necessarily（未必）等。

All that glitters is not gold. 并非所有发光的都是金子。

Both the windows are not open. 两扇窗户并不都是开着的。

Everybody does not believe the rumor. 并不是每个人都听信这个谣言的。

They are not always in the office on Sundays. 他们不一定每个星期天都在办公室。

The responsibility is not altogether mine. 责任并不全在于我身上。

The situation is not necessarily so. 情况并非如此。

（二）“all…not”和“every…not”等结构属于传统用法。现代英语中采用“Not all…”和“Not every…”这种表达形式。

Not all metals are good conductors. 并非所有的金属都是良导体。

Not everyone accepts his proposal. 并不是所有的人都接受他的建议。

二、全部否定

never（决不，从来不），no（没有，不），not（不，不是），none（没人，谁都不，没有任何东西），nobody（没人），nothing（什么也没有，没有任何事情），nowhere（没有什么地方），neither（两者都不），nor（也没有，也不），not at all （一点也不）。

He is no professor. 他根本不是教授。

None of my friends smoke. 我的朋友都不抽烟。

Our great motherland has never before been so prosperous as it is today. 我们伟大的祖国从来没有像今天这样繁荣昌盛。

Nothing in the world is difficult for the one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。

Never have we been daunted by difficulties. 我们任何时候都没有被困难吓倒过。

三、双重否定

常见的双重否定形式主要有：no…not(没有……不)，without…not（没有……就不），never(no)…without（每逢……总是，没有……不），never(no)…but （没有……不），not(none)…the less（并不……就不），not(never)…unless（不少于，不亚于，和……一样），not…any the less（没有……而少做）。

Now no spaceship cannot be loaded with man.

现在没有任何宇宙飞船不能载人。（用汉语的双重否定翻译）现在所有的宇宙飞船都可以载人。（用汉语的肯定结构翻译）

You will never succeed unless you work hard.

如果你不努力，就决不能成功。（用汉语的双重否定翻译）只要你努力，你就会成功。（用汉语的肯定结构翻译）

There is nothing unusual there. 那里的一切都很正常。

The machine is working none the worse for its long service. 这台机器并没有因为长期使用而运转不良。

She did not work any the less for her illness. 她没有因为生病而少做一些工作。

That’s n othing less than a miracle. 那完全是一个奇迹。

No task is so difficult but we can accomplish it. 再困难的任务，我们也能完成。

四、形式肯定但意义否定

（一）more than can…结构

more than can…相当于英语的can not…，翻译为“简直不，无法，难以”；而more than one can help相当于as little as possible，翻译“尽量不，绝对不”。

The beauty of the park is more than words can describe. 这个公园美得无法形容。

The boy has become very insolent and it is more than his parents can bear. 这男孩变得非常无礼，到了他父母都不能忍受的地步。

Don’t tell him more than you can help. 能不跟他讲就尽量不要跟他讲。

She never does more work than she can help. 能不做的事情，她是绝对不做的。

（二）anything but…结构

anything but…结构表示否定意义，常常翻译为“绝对不，根本不，一点也不”。

He is anything but a scholar. 他绝对不是一个学者。

The wood bridge is anything but safe. 那座木桥一点也不安全。

（三）have yet to do…结构

have yet to do…结构表示否定意义，相当于have not yet done…，常常翻译为“还没有”。

I have yet to hear the story. 我还没有听过那个故事。

I have yet to learn the new skill. 我没有学那项新技术。

（四）may (might) as well…结构

may (might) as well…结构表示否定意义，常常翻译为“还不如”。

It is still raining hard outside; we may as well stay here over the night. 外面依然在下大雨，我们还不如呆在这里过夜呢。

You might as well burn the book than give them to her. 你把这些书给他还不如烧毁了好。

（五）借助具有否定意义的动词或动词短语

这样的动词或者动词短语常常有：miss（错过，即没有碰到），deny（拒绝，即没有答应），lack（缺乏，即不足），refuse（拒绝，即否认，没有答应），escape （逃避，即没有被发现），resist（抵抗，即没有放弃），reject（拒绝，即没有答应），decline（拒绝，即没有答应），doubt（怀疑，即不太确信），wonder （想知道，即不明白），fail（失败，即没有完成），exclude（排除，即没有接受，不包括），overlook（没有注意到），cease（终止，即没有坚持），neglect （没有注意到），defy（不服从），forbid（不许），give up（放弃，即没有坚持），refrain from（不允许），lose sight of（不管），keep up with（不落后于），save…from（使…不），shut one’s eyes to（不看），to say nothing of（更不用说），not to mention（更不用说），protect(keep, prevent)…from （不让），keep off（不接近），keep out（不让进入），turn a deaf ear to（不听，不顾），fall short of（不足），live up to（不辜负），dissuade…from （劝…不要），keep…dark（不把…说出去）等。

The specification lacks detail. 这份说明书不够详尽。

My husband missed the last bus, so he had to go back home on foot. 丈夫没赶上末班公共汽车，所以只好步行回家。

The error in calculation escaped the accountant. 会计没有注意到这个计算上的错误。

Please keep the news dark. 请不要把这个消息说出去。

（六）借助具有否定意义的名词

常见的具有否定意义的名词有：neglect（没有注意到），failure（失败，即没有完成），refusal（拒绝，即否认，没有答应），absence（不在，缺少），shortage（不足），reluctance（不情愿），ignorance（没有注意到），loss（没有），exclusion（排除，即没有接受，不包括），lack（缺乏，没有），negation（拒绝，即否认），Greek to（对…一无所知）等等。

We cannot finish the work in the absence of these conditions. 在不具备这些条件的情况下，我们不能完成这项工作。

She was at a loss what go do. 她不知所措。

English literature is Greek to her. 她对英语文学一无所知。

这样具有否定意义的形容词或者形容词短语常常有：far from（远不，一点也不），free from（不受…影响），safe from（免于），short of（缺少，不足），ignorant of（不知道，没有注意到），independent of（不受…的支配），impatient of（对…不耐烦），deficient（缺乏），devoid of（不具有，缺乏），alien to（不同），foreign to（不适合，与…无关），blind to（看不见），far and few between（很少），absent from（不在），different from（不同），reluctant to（不愿意），less than（少于，不多于），dead to（对…没有反应），the last（最后的，即最不愿意，最不配，决不）等等。

The newspaper accounts are far from being true. 报纸的报道远非事实。

Present supplies of food are short of requirements. 目前食品供不应求。

Holidays are few and far between. 放假的时候并不多。

He is the last man she wants to meet. 她最不想见到的人就是他。

（八）借助具有否定意义的介词或者介词短语

常见的有：past（超过），above（不低于），without（没有），beyond（超出），instead of（而不是），in vain（无效，没有），in the dark（一点也不知道），at a loss（不知所措），but for（要不是），in spite of（不管），at fault（出错），against（不同意），before（还没有…就），below（不到…），beside（与…无关），but（除…之外），except（除…之外），from（阻止，使…不做某事），off（离开，中断），under（在…之下，不足），within （不超出），beneath（不如，不足），beneath on e’s notice（不值得理睬），out of（不在…里面，不在…状态），out of the question（不可能），in the dark about（对…不知）等等。

That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson. 那个懒惰的小孩不预习就去上课。

Mr. Smith was above reproach. 史密斯先生是无可指责的。

Her beauty is beyond compare. 她的美丽是无以伦比的。

五、形式否定但意义肯定

这一类翻译方法与上面一类“形式肯定但意义否”结合起来，就是通常人们所说的“正话反说、反话正说”的翻译技巧。常见的带有隐含肯定意义的词组或单词主要有：not…until（直到……才），not…too（越……越好），none but（只有），nothing but（只有，只不过），nothing more than（仅仅），no sooner…than（刚一……就），none other than（不是别的人或物而正是），none the less（依然，仍然），not but that（虽然）“make nothing of ”

（对……等闲视之），for nothing（徒然，免费），not only…but also(不仅……而且)，not…long before（很快就），no more than（仅仅，只是），no other than（只有，正是）等等。

You can’t be too careful in doing experiments. 你做实验要特别小心。

There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of forces. 各种材料在力的作用下，多少都会有些变形。

It is no more than a beginning. 这仅仅是个开端。

They gave me the wrong book, and I didn’t notice it until I got back to my room. 他们把书给错了。直到我回到我的房间才注意到了。

六、否定成分的转译

（一）否定主语转换为否定谓语

No energy can be created, and none destroyed.能量既不能创造，也不能毁灭。

No sound was heard.没有听到声音。

Neither plan is practicable.两个方案都行不通。

（二）否定谓语转换为否定状语

He doesn’t study in the classroom.他不在教室里学习。

I was not playing all the time.我并不是一直都在玩。

The woman did not come here to ask us for help.这位妇女来这儿不是为了求得我们的帮助。

Metals do not change their form as easily as plastic bodies do.金属不像塑料物体那样容易变形。

（三）主句的否定转换为从句的否定

She did not come because she wanted to see me.她并非因为想见我才来。

You should not despise him because he is young.你不应该因为他年轻就轻视他。

（四）否定主句的谓语转换为否定宾语从句的谓语

1．常常出现在动词think, believe, except, suppose, imagine, reckon, fancy, anticipate, figure等后面的宾语从句中。

I don’t think that they must have arrived there by now.我认为他们现在一定还没有到达那里。

I don’t suppose they will object to my suggestion.我想他们不会反对我的建议的。

I didn’t imagine that he would go abroad.我料想他不会出国了。

2．当有view, wish, belief, thought, opinion等名词作主句的表语从句时

It is not my opinion that he is the best man for the job.我认为他并不是做这项工作的最佳人选。

It is not my thought that he can finish the work within a week.我认为他不可能在一周内完成这项工作。

It is not my wish that you should break your word.我希望你不要违背诺言。

比较结构

一、as…as…句型

（一）as…as…句型

My parcel is as heavy as yours.我的包裹和你的包裹一样重。

She is as much interested in music as ever.她和以前一样对音乐感兴趣。

The economic development in our country is as stable recently as formerly.最近，我国的经济发展和以前一样稳定。

（二）not as (or so)…as…句型

My uncle is not as (or so) tall as your father.我叔叔不如你父亲高。

People are not so honest as they once were.人们现在不如过去那样诚实了。

（三）not so much …as…句型

通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。

was not so much angry as disappointed.他与其说是生气，还不如说是失望了。（可以理解为：“他的生气不如失望多”，就是说“他更多的是失望，愤怒是其次。”）

The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.海洋与其说是把世界分割开来，还不如说是把世界连接在一起。

Bad writing is caused not so much by mistakes in grammar as by weakness in style.拙劣的写作，与其说是语法上的错误，还不如说是由于文体上的弱点。

（四）not so much as…句型

n ot so much as…这个结构相当于“not even…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。请注意与not so much …as…这个结构的区别。

He didn’t so much as ask me to set down. 他甚至没有请我坐下。

He cannot so much as spell a word 他甚至连一个词也不会写。

He hadn’t so much as his fare home. 他甚至连回家的路费都没有了。

二、比较级+ than to do…句型

通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。

You ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day. 你不至于这么冷的天气去游泳吧。

I have more sense than to tell him about our plan. 我不至于傻到会把我们的计划告诉他。

I had a better command of English than to make such foolish mistakes .我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。

三、more…than…句型

（一）more A than B句型

more A than B通常用于同一个人或者事物在两个不同性质或者特征上面的比较。翻译为“与其说B，不如说A”。类似的结构还有less A than B，翻译为“与其说A，不如说B”，请注意这两个结构中“与其实说”与“不如说”的对象，即A与B两者的在翻译中的位置。

He is more good than bad. 与其说他很坏，不如说他很好。

He is less good than bad. 与其说他很好，不如说他很坏。

He is more a writer than a teacher. 与其说他是老师，不如说他是作家。

He is less clever than diligent. 与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。

（二）more than…句型

1．more than后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。

I have known him for more than twenty years. 我已经认识她二十多年了。

I have more than ten dollars in my pocket. 我口袋里还有十多美元。

2．more than后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。

He is more than a father to her. 他待她胜过父亲。

He more than smiled, but laughed. 他不只是微笑，而是放生大笑。

3．more than后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。

She was more than kind to us. 他对我们非常友好。

He was more than upset by the accident. 这个意外事故让他非常心烦。

4．more than… can…则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。

That is more than I can understand. 那件事情，我实在是不明白。

The cold was more than the children could bear. 寒冷是孩子们所不能忍受的。

（三）no more …than…句型

no more …than…句型在意义上与not any more than….一样，表示对两者都否定，所以可以翻译为“…和….一样不，不…正如…，既不…也不…，…和…两者都不”。跟no more …than…句型相近，但是意义相反的句型是no less…than…，可以翻译为“既是…，也是…，两者都是…”。

His grammar is no better than mine. 他的语法同我的一样不好。

He is no more a writer than a painter. 他既不是画家也不是作家。

He is no less a writer than a painter. 他既是画家也是作家。

I am no more a poet than he is a scholar. 我不是诗人，正如他不是学者一样。

强调结构

（一）强调宾语

Such good students we have never seen.像这样好的学生，我们还从来没有见过。（直接按照英语顺序翻译）

Not a word did she say the whole two hours.整整两个小时她一句话也没有说。（把宾语还原到谓语动词后面翻译）

（二）强调状语

At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use or menace to use nuclear weapons.在任何时候和任何情况下，中国都

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇英汉对照

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇（英汉对照） 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道；by one’s own account根据某人自己所说，let alone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成； 13年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) in effect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的； 12年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见， 50) track跟踪； 11年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列； 10年 46) rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总 A Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速，n.接受速成教育的学生 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获，Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进，vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称advantage in，守方所得则称advantage out） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数vi.合计，共计 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近；vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理；n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的；vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论；vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生；vi.起身，起来，起立 Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总(免费下载阅读)

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/713590656.html,/new/shengtsinghua 考研大作文只用写一句话就可以得18分 省省清华QQ: 867209142 关于一句话万能模板的几个问题： 1.万能，整片模板200多单词，只要写1句话填写3个关键词就可以适合任何一年考研话题作文。 2.高分，里面的遣词造句都是精心之作，句式多变、用词高级、语言地道，正常考生考场上几乎不可能写出如此高水平的作文，得高分在情理之中。 3.节省考场时间，考场上默写一篇背熟的作文要比自己写一篇作文至少节省20分钟，为自己节省宝贵的考研时间用来做其他题目。 4.节省复习时间，有了作文模板就不用再为考研大作文复习花时间。 历年考研 英语翻译题词组汇总 考研大作文只用写一句话就可以得18分 文章来源：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/713590656.html,/new/shengtsinghua 整理：省省清华 1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast 与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论 如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于 17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into 走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总(免费下载)

1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于

17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度 32. only if 只要 33. the same…as 与…一样 34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于 17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度

Bybrton历年考研英语翻译精解

Time will pierce the surface or youth, will be on the beauty of the ditch dug a shallow groove ; Jane will eat rare!A born beauty, anything to escape his sickle sweep .-- Shakespeare 历年考研英语翻译精解 98年翻译题解： 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago.第二、句子主干结构是：主句+ for +原因状语从句。1)主句是强调句it was... that...被强调部分the farthest是后面句子的状语，可以理解为scientists had been able to look the farthestsintosthe past2) for...引导的原因状语从句是一个系表结构，what they were seeing是从句中的主语，that...是名词表语the patterns and structures的定语从句。第三、词的处理：even more important (省略)更为重要的是the patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形状和结构15 billion years ago 150亿年前完整的译文：71)但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, / first put forward in the 1920s, / to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 第二、句子的主干结构是一个简单句。1)整体结构是：The existence... was virtually required for..., to maintain...2)first put forward in the 1920s是过去分词短语作插入语，说明前面的名词the Big Bang 3)后面的不定式短语是补语。第三、词的处理：the giant clouds 巨大的(宇宙)云virtually 事实上，实际上，实质上the Big Bang 大爆炸理论first put forward 首创的，开始提出的in the 1920s 二十年代to maintain its reign as 以保持……的地位explanation of the cosmos 对宇宙(起源论)的解释 完整的译文：72)巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所必不可少的。 73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments / are closing in on such structures, / and may report their findings soon.第二、句子主干结构是：1)主语+并列谓语Astrophysicists...are closing...and may report...2)分词短语working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments是主语的定语。 第三、词的处理：working with 使用，以……为工作手段ground-based detectors 陆基探测器the South Pole 南极balloon-borne instruments 球载仪器are closing in on 正越来越近structures 云系findings 观测结果 完整的译文：73)天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。 74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：If the small hot spots look as expected, / that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, / a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是“If引导的条件句，主句”。2)look as expected是

历年考研英语真题作文考研十年作文精选范文+翻译

考研英语十年真题大作文（2002-2011） 一、题目 2002 Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures---National and International” In the essay you should 1.describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2.give your comments on the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II. 2003 Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following 1.describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning 2.point out its implications in our life. 2004 Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1. describe the drawing. 2. interpret its meaning, and 3. support your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

考研英语翻译历年真题

1、1994年 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) "In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. " (73)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74)Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses . Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 精美译文 新学派的科学家认为，技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量。（71）他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。（72）新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。 （73）工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅。 鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用。那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心。（74）伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，

历年考研英语翻译真题

1996年英译汉试题 (1)Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. (2)This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. (3)This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future. (4)However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. (5)New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance. 1997年英译汉试题 (6)Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. (7)Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. (8)It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. (9)Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. (10)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 1998年英译汉试题 (11)But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.

考研英语翻译历年真题汇总

考研英语翻译历年真题汇总 2010年考研一天天临近，在此为广大考生提供了2010年考研英语翻译历年真题，希望能有所帮助。 In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very

考研英语历年翻译真题

一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案 Section VI Chinese-English Translation 将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分） Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points) 1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。 1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils. 2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。 2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s. 3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。 3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made). 4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。 4. The result is much (far) better than we expected. 5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。 5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy). 6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。 6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology. 7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。 7. It is impossible to accomplish (carry out, fulfill, materialize) the socialist modernization of our country (our socialist modernization) without the leadership of the Party. Section VII English-Chinese Translation将下列短文译成汉语：（本大题30分）（文科各类专 业译第1段，理、工、医、农、体各类专业译第2段） Section VII: English-Chinese Translation (30 points)

考研英语：2001翻译真题精练精讲

考研英语：2001翻译真题精练精讲 一、全真试题 In less than30years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments，allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall. （71）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots，and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.（72）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips，computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools，relaxation will be in front of smell-television，and digital age will have arrived. According to BT s futurologist，Ian Pearson，these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1000years），when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. （73）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds or key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine，including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040. Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system，computers could pick up what we feel and，hopefully，simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments，rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”, he says.（74）But that，Pearson points out，is only the start of man-machine integration:”It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human befo re the end of the next century.” Through his research，Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However，there are still no forecasts for when faster-that-light travel will be available，or when human cloning will be perfected，or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will，for example，cause problems in2010，while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.（75）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage. 二、翻译题解

历年考研英语翻译汇总(完美打印版)

46.scinentists jumped to the resure withsomedistimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eatusup of birds failed to control them 46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。 47.but we have at least drawn near the pointofadmitting that birds should continue as a matter ofintrinsicright,regardless of the presence or absence of economicadvantageto us 47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。 48.time was when biologists somewhat overwordedthe evidence that these creatures preserve the health of gamebykilling the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthlessspecies 48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。 49.in europe,whereforestry is ecologically more advanced ,the ncommercialtreespecies are recognized ad mrs of native forest community ,tobepreserved as such ,within reason 49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。 50.It tends to ignore,andthus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the landcommunitythat lack commercial value, but that are essential to itshealthyning. 50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。 2009年 46.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive 可以说,任何社会机构价值的衡量在扩大和改进的效果，但这种效果并不是它的原始动机。 47. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted. and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。 只能是机构的附带结果被逐渐的提及；也仍然只能是在机构行动中作为指导性因素的结果才能逐渐的被提及。 48. while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition. it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. 在我们接触他们（指代不清）的时候，很容易忽略我们处于他们位置的行为结果，然而在我们处理与成年人的关系时，却不是那么容易忽略这一点。 49. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 既然我们对他们（代词指代不清）的主要任务是使他们能够与我们共同生活，所以我们就不得不考虑我们是否正在形成一种能确保这种能力的势力。 50. We are thus led to distinguish. within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering. a more formal kind of education-that of direct tuition or schooling. 因此在我们目前为止一直认真思考的漫长的的教育进程中，我们被引导去识别更加正式的教育，即直接支付学费或者奖学金 2008年 46 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations, 他相信，或许这种困难也有其好处，正是这种困难促使他能够长时间专注地思考每一个句子；从而能够在推理和自己的观察中发现错误。 47 He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 达尔文还声称，对于冗长且完全抽象的思想，他的理解能力十分有限。因为这个原因，他确信自己在数学方面根本不会