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机械设计论文外文翻译中文版(有期刊号、英文原文已发)

机械设计论文外文翻译中文版(有期刊号、英文原文已发)
机械设计论文外文翻译中文版(有期刊号、英文原文已发)

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专业机械设计制造及其自动化班级

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机电与车辆工程学院

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分析模型导轨磨损的演算对机床加工精度的影

工程系副教授伊沃娜彼得,凯特林大学,

工程系博士讲师卡门波帕,凯特林大学,

工程系博士讲师杜米特鲁,凯特林大学,

工程系西普里安,凯特林大学

摘要:机床导轨磨损影响积极震动。最初的刀具运动轨迹作为导轨磨损的结果,将被修改,尺寸精度产生差异的工件的几何形状和偏差。因为它已经成为连接称为移动和刚性导轨的磨损取决于许多参数(压力,速度,长度摩擦,润滑,材料)。一种或另一种分析模型和/或磨损的实验模型的选择取决于所的工作条件,假设被称为耦合材料。目前的工作的目标是建立一个分析模型的演算显示导轨的影响磨损在工具机的加工精度。

关键词:精度机床表面。

1、简介

因为它已经被称为加工精度取决于每一块技术系统(机床,夹紧装置,刀具等)[1,2,3]连接到多种因素。在目前的工作,笔者的目标是建立规模和影响力的床身在对车床使用的机床的加工精度,导轨的磨损。导轨的大小和(纵向)滑动磨损是重要的被称为因为滑动轨迹,由于磨损,时间条件下发生的尺寸偏差和加工零件的表面质量的变化。以建立系统的床身滑动磨损大小,三种不同的情况正在分析:

1 - 床身导轨正在磨损

2 - 导轨只被磨损

3 - 导轨(床身滑动)正在磨损

2、建立床身滑动产生的误差分析模型磨损

为了建立在加工的磨损过程的定量影响车床的精度,以下假设[2]:

- 被认为是在一定的刚性指南U(X)的磨损轮廓曲线时刻评估应力循环的数量;

- 比以前所有的周期产生的磨损,被忽视的电流应力周期的磨损;

- 移动导轨磨损U1(L)是这样产生的,该导轨的性能如下;不断刚性指南轮廓;基于这个假设,它是承认接触的类型始终是按照正常和切向应力的适当分配;

- 移动导轨位移在两个剖面的接触面,使正常的线是独一无二的刚性;

- 磨损是一个连续的过程和特点是由连续拖到指导长度的功能和时间的考虑,磨损层的厚度。

这些假设的基础上建立的床身和导轨的磨损3在工作的第一部分显示的情况。案例1:床身导轨(图)

图1 解决方案床身导轨伤的移动导轨

以一个(XO ,UXO )点,坐落在中间移动导轨。在考虑点的床身导轨的磨损是U XO 和床身导轨磨损UX 的功能。该点的偏差,A 被认为是AC 1=Δ。

为了建立,在床身导轨的轮廓A 被认为是一个直线的斜率m ,可以根据磨损功能UX 正常的C 点的坐标。

n mx y += (1)

XM U m '/1-= (2) 这里:X U U nandn X U U X

X X X '1'1+==-= 作为限制的条件下,C 点的坐标,将YC= 0和XC = UxUx+ X

在这种情况下偏差考虑:

adm X X A c A c U U y y x x ?≤+=-+-=?2

221)'(1)()( (3) 案例二:导轨只被磨损根据线性变化规律(图2)。

考虑到B 点(0,B ),坐落在幻灯片的长度l 的一半。后一定时期的运作,作为一个滑动磨损的结果,将在B 点在B 点流离失所。在这种情况下,点差将是:Δ2= BB 为了使这种偏差的计算可分为2例:

a )点没有磨损UA= 0;

b )在A 点磨损一个可以成立(测量)UA 的大小≠

图2 移动导轨几何变化评估计划

盯着从直线的方程,通过点的AO ’和以下一些参数,如例1,B'点的偏差将是:

-当2/cos 20222α?+=??=b a U A

-当2/cos )(2'022α?++=??≠A A U b a U

角α的大小取决于强加给导轨的准确性偏差的大小:

1

C U M A C M tg ==α (4) 角α可以知道,如果C 点的磨损,我们和α的α<αadm 测量(已知)。允许的角度αadm 的大小是一个可以从机床上安装在导轨中所规定的精度条件下建立大小: l Ai

A A l A tg pp

i ra +==α (5)

其中:Ai-可以作为最大允许接受的初始偏差偏离规定范围内的机床精度参数;

APP-精度偏差允许在机床上加工零件;

ARA-相对偏差在允许的精度;

L - 导轨长度

案例3:展位移动导轨U1(L )和床身U (X )的磨损,如图3

图3 由磨损造成的变化评估计划

在床身导轨在一个点的直线是一条线,有m 的斜坡,可以建立基于磨损函数u (x )。继一些参数的变化引导上常见的M 点的床身和导轨在例1和2这一点的坐标将是:

211))('(11

)1()(M M M M x U U x U B M M A y ++=+=? (6)

211))('(1)

(')1(sin M M M M x U x y U M A x +?=?=?γ (7)

从横坐标的偏差意味着加工零件的不同tronsons 轴向位置的变化。总偏差Δa 被认为是特点为移动和固定导轨的磨损过程的结果的精度损失的大小:

adm a x y a ?≤?+?=?22 (8)

3、 磨损功能的说明

由于担心类型的解释,他们已经产生的过程是没有达成一致意见。事实上,一些不同的方式或其他复杂的现象,摩擦磨损润滑接受评估参考假设,影响了在工业方面的做法注意到磨损的各类分类和恶化程度表面。

根据摩擦的一队滑床导轨类型的磨损过程测量方式和规模,最方便到纽约工程师是建立磨损层厚度,即线性磨损[4]。

为了找到一个更正确的关系,磨损大小之间的磨损时间t 和磨损大小ü林耳依赖被认为是,磨损速度常数时间:

t U u d d v =

(9)

开始从假设一致认可即在不连续磨损形成润滑膜,可在普通车床,被评定为粘合剂和/或磨料类型和磨损颗粒的去除是通过弹性,塑性或弹塑性变形接触疲劳累积的过程

[2,3,4] 。

在此情况下,视为无量纲线性强度(IU )上磨损过程中的指示,根据材料特性的讯(弹性模量E ,破裂压力为一个周期ΣO ,疲劳参数沃勒输入),还取决于上

microgeometry 特性和负载特性(接触压力p ,摩擦系数μ)[2,4]位于情侣床上幻灯片的形式在M 点的磨损将是:

- 床身导轨:

??-==12

11

02121121)()1()1(M rv M rp M u b o f u XM d x P P x I H N dL I U ? (10)

- 滑动导轨

?==0

01111)()()1(l rv M rp u b o f u M x P l P I H N dL I U (11)

其中:No – 磨损期间的总行程数; L1,L2 - 长度为日E 的床身导轨的磨损区域特征; φ(X ),PRP (X ),PRV (X ) - 利用系数,负载系数和速度系数

被认为有不同的变化规律(均匀,线性,正常); HB - 床身导轨的总长度;

iu01,Iu02 - 床身导轨材料的磨损强度,各自的导轨。

4、 在加工过程中的磨损过程的定量影响

偏离轴向位置

偏离径向位置

偏离总的位置

图4 床身滑动的位置偏离

基于三个已经分析(当床身导轨磨损,导轨磨损或两者)的偏差,定性为磨损过程摩擦的情侣元素的结果精度损失,可以建立了解磨损的大小。

因此,考虑到最不利的情况下(但最有可能的一)床身导轨,导轨磨损时,图4显示了轴向定位的半径(从统筹考虑点差)(偏离的分析条件的变化规律表达的偏差利用系数,装载系数和速度系数的特点一对磨损立场[2]。

5、结论

在图4-3中可以注意到,轴向位置偏差(ΔX)显示在一个工作区的传递点到另一个,磨损导轨曲线导轨功能的连续性。从破旧的行动指南和固定的型材,总是不断其次,他们有一个共同的接触点的条件不连续的结果。

半径偏差(ΔY)始终是连续函数,所以作为剖面在加工零件的径向方向将是“平稳”,但与不同半径的圆形。

鉴于提出的事实,我们可以得出结论,有可能知道,磨损大小与投影状态开始,可以更好的选择的材料一对导轨滑动,可以正确评价了整体尺寸的导轨和指导,并估计密切关注的大小开发因素(压力,速度,润滑等)。

我们不能忽视的准确性超过加工零件的形状,导轨,因为它害怕被称为床身的形状和导轨的磨损,可以在一个更小或更大的影响。

6、参考文献

[1] Militaru, C., Fiabilitatea si precizia ?n tehnologia constructiilor de masini, 1987, Ed. Tehnica Bucuresti;

[2] Sandu, Gh., Moraru, V. , Minciu, C., Ghidajele masinilor unelte , 1967, Ed. Tehnica Bucuresti;

[3] Pavelescu, D., Aspecte ale modului in care este corelata evolutia procesului de frecare cu a celui de uzare. Constructia de masini 32, nr.10, 1980, p.495-499;

[4] Pavelescu, D., Conceptii noi, calcul si aplicatii in frecarea si uzarea solidului deformabil, 1970 Ed. Academiei romane.

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