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(完整word版)中考英语翻译题型分析及技巧点拨

(完整word版)中考英语翻译题型分析及技巧点拨
(完整word版)中考英语翻译题型分析及技巧点拨

中考英语翻译题型分析及技巧点拨

汉译英多采用根据中文提示完成英语句子的形式,它一般留出一个或几个空,空格内有时只限填一个词,有时不限制词数,要求学生补全空格,使所要表达的思想完整正确。它是集词汇、句型、语法于一体的综合能力测试题,主要考查一些常见的词组、习惯用语、句型和语法。要做好这类题目,我们平时除了要多掌握常见的词组、句型和语法基础知识外,还应掌握以下解题思路和技巧。

一、判断句子结构,搭好句型框架。

一般来说,汉译英的句型可分为三大类:①简单句;②并列句;③复合句。同时我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特殊结构。例如:

1. 昨天我的电脑坏了。

________ ________ ________ ________ with my computer yesterday.

【答案解析】

There;was;something;wrong

本题考查了:①There be结构;②wrong的用法;③中英文表达的差异。

2. 遇到困难的时候,我们需要的不是彼此埋怨,而是互

相帮助。

____________________________________________________ ________________________

【答案解析】

When we have difficulties,what we need is not to blame each other but to help each other.

本题考查了:①复合句:when引导的状语从句;what 引导的主语从句;②not... but结构;③“彼此埋怨”的英文翻译。

二、定位时态语态,注意前后呼应。

时态一直是英语考试中的重点。在英语翻译中,每句一般都含有二三个动词或动词词组,因此,正确的思路应该是首先浏览全句中文,要能够根据句中的时间状语和字里行间所给出的提示来定位一个基本时态,即主句的动词时态,而其他动词必须与之呼应。例如:

当我不在家时,吉姆总是帮助我照看我的宠物。

Jim always ________ the pets for me while I ________.

【答案解析】

takes care of/ looks after;am away/ am not at home/ stay out。

由语境逻辑和副词always,判断主句要用一般现在时态。

从句动词必须与主句相呼应,所以从句也要用一般现在时态。

与汉语比较,英语中的被动语态用得较多。例如:

I’m sorry you can’t go in now,because ________ (房间没有打扫)yet.

【答案解析】

hasn’t been cleaned

由语境逻辑和副词yet,可判断空白处应填入现在完成

时的被动语态形式。

三、了解文化差异,避免汉语思维。

作为中学生,在学习英语时,特别应该注重中英文表述习惯的不同之处,克服母语造成的潜在障碍,在做汉译英题时,切忌将两种语言对等地进行交换。例如:

因为我起晚了,所以我上学迟到了。

____________________________________________________ ________________________

【答案解析】

Because I got up late,I was late for school./ I got up late,so I was late for school.

汉语中“因为……所以……”常连用,但英语中Because 和so不可同时使用,但可以相互转换。同样汉语中“虽然……但是……”常连用,但英语中although和but不可同

时使用,但可以相互转换。

四、巧用变通手段,避免机械翻译。

翻译时不能简单地或机械地逐字照译,硬凑成英文,必须认真分析上下文,掌握词的确切含义,然后用适当的英文表达,必要时应采用变通手段。

1. 增词与减词

译文的增词、减词都是为了更确切、更忠实地表达原文的含义和精神。译文中添加一些原文没有的词句,表面上看似不忠实,但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有,而是隐含在原文中的。减词则是在不影响原意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语,避免拖泥带水。例如:

①我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。

I don’t think it is difficult to speak to a foreigner in English. (增形式主词it)

②他连续讲了两小时的法语,没有出现任何的错误。

He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes. (省动词)

2. 词类转换

词类变形和转换,是英语语言的一个很重要的特点,特别是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类,大部分可以直接转换使用,或者稍加变化(前缀、后缀等)即可转换为另一种词类。因此,词类转换是汉英翻译中很重要的手段之

一。如果运用得当,既可使译文通顺流畅,也能反映出英语的风格特点。下面将英汉互译中最常见的词类转换现象,作一个简单的介绍。

①汉语中的动词转换成英语中的名词。例如:

你必须好好地照顾病人。

You must take good care of the patient. (“照顾”是动词,但译成英语,则用的是名词care。)②汉语中的动词转换为英语的形容词。汉语中一些表示知觉、情感的动词,往往可以转译成英语系动词+形容词的结构。例如:我为他的健康担忧。

I am worried about his health.

③汉语中的形容词转化为英语中的名词,反之亦然。例如:

他的生日宴会很成功。

His birthday party was a great success. (“成功”换成了英语名词success。)

3. 语态转换

由于在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态,在汉译英时,人们常常会简单地认为只要按照原句的语态处理就行了。事实上并非如此。在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。如果一味按照原句的语态来翻译,往往会使译文显得十分别扭。所以我们在汉译英时需要灵活运用语态

之间的转换。例如:

门锁好了。

_________________________________

【答案解析】

The door has been locked up.

句子的主语是“门”,动作是“锁”。但是众所周知,一个非生命体“门”如何实施一个动作“锁”?很显然,“门”也许是某人锁上的。这句话没有一个表示被动语态的被动标记词,但却是一个经典的被动语态句。因此,翻译成英文时不能说成:The door has locked itself.

一般在短文中要求结合上下文语境,翻译句子,要求学生能正确理解英语书面材料并将其译成汉语,实际上是对阅读理解能力的最直接、最全面、最真实能力的反映。因此我们首先要通读全文,读懂短文的大意,整体把握短文;其次要正确理解文中的关键词或短语;再次,结合语境,真实流畅地准确地把作者的思想和意思表达出来,可以直译也可以意译,但要符合语境和汉语的表达习惯;最后,认真细致地核对,力求符合作者的意图。例如:

阅读下面短文,把下面划线部分的句子译成中文。

I have a good friend called Li Qiang. (1)He used to be a doctor in First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City,but now he is used to being an ORBIS doctor. (2)He is so busy that he

seldom phones me. He operates on two or three patients and he works for over ten hours a day. Sometimes he feels tired but when he sees his patients’smiles,he feels energetic again.

Li Qiang said one day when they were in Japan, a girl came with her father. (3)She couldn’t read or write,because there was something wrong with her two eyes. Li Qiang looked over her eyes and decided to perform an operation at once. The girl’s eyes were cured. Now she is living happily. She is grateful to Li Qiang and nurses.

As members of ORBIS,Li Qiang and other doctors and nurses are all proud of their work. (4)They hope more and more people will join them to do something for the poor. (5)Li Qiang said we could all help this charity organization by making a donation or doing some voluntary work. What we do may change other people’s life. We will feel our life more meaningful by helping others.

【答案解析】

1. 他过去在连云港市第一人民医院工作,但是现在他习惯做一名奥比斯医生。

2. 他是如此忙,以致于他很少给我打电话。

3. 她不能读和写,因为她的两只眼睛有问题。

4. 他们希望越来越多的人加入他们的队伍,为穷人做些

事。

5. 李强说通过捐款或做一些义务的工作,我们都能够帮助这个慈善组织。

阅读短文,了解大意可知:作为一名奥比斯医生每天的工作量是非常大的,文中通过一个实例,阐述了奥比斯医生对盲人所做的贡献。最后呼吁人们加入这个组织,通过捐款或做志愿工作,为这个慈善组织做出自己应有的贡献。

英语翻译题目及答案

1)你应该适当花一点时间休息和锻炼。(reasonable) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) 总的来说,孩子们比过去任何时候都更健康,受到了更好的教育。(in general) In general, children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) 待适当的机会来临,他就能抓住。(come along) Wh en the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4)每天他都留出点时间跟家人在一起,享受生活。(set aside) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life 5) 我记得那些黑暗的街道以及同父亲手拉手走路的情景。(hand in hand) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father 6) 他最终辜负了父母的期望。(live up to) He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations. 相比之下,我们的用油量大幅度上升了。(in contrast) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) 经过努力,他成功地克服了自己的致命弱点。(overcome) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. 1) 人们认为,悲观常常会导致绝望、疾病和失败。 It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure. 2) 与此相反,乐观主义能使你幸福、健康和成功。 Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. 3) 当你做某件事失败时,把失败当作一种学习的经历从中汲取益处。 When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience ) 在问题或困难面前,要想想自己的长处并树立起自信心。 Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties. 5) 不要让消极的想法阻碍你。 Don’t let negative thoughts hold y ou back. 6) 每个人都经历过失败和失望,因此不要过多地责怪自己。 Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much. 1) She wore a dress ____with a pattern of rose__________ (有玫瑰图案) on it. 2) Helen had ____prepared a wonderful/good meal for us_ (为我们准备了一顿丰盛的饭菜). 3) Ann _______promised faithfully___ (信誓旦旦地保证) that she would never tell. 4) Could you ____deliver this letter__ (把这封信送到) to the accounts department? 5) We were offered ____a selection of milk and plain____chocolate (精选的牛奶巧克力和纯巧克力). 6) Tell the children to ___keep out of mischief / behave themselves_____(别胡闹). 7) We could hear _____the sound of distant thunder_____ (远处打雷的声音). 8) The project has now __received approval from the government (得到政府的批准). 9) Kelly loved her husband ____in spite of the fact that he drank too much (虽然他喝酒太多). 10) Experts seem unable to ____agree whether the drug is safe or not_ (就这个药是否安全取得一致意见). 1. Not every bomb has hit its target. 并非每个炸弹都击中了目标。 2. We can have one or the other but not both simultaneously. 我们能够得到其中一个,但不能同时两个都有。 3. She wanted nothing more than work. 她只想要工作。 4. You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好。 5. I have yet to receive an apology from a child who just ran over my foot while chasing a sibling. 有个小孩在追逐自家的兄弟姐妹时踩了我的脚,却仍未向我道歉。 1. 并非所有父母都和你一样能提供很多情况。 Not all parents are as informative as you

初中英语翻译题解题技巧总汇

初中英语翻译题解题技巧: 翻译题在初中英语试题中占15分,题型分为两种,一种是汉译英(11分),它分为部分翻译5个和整句翻译3个,另一种是英译汉(4分)。 汉译英谈谈解题技巧: 可以从时态、语态、固定短语、主谓一致、基本句型等许多方面来考查。 汉译英题的解题步骤如下: 1.通读汉语,了解这个句子所要表达的意思 2.阅读英文,找出其中要考查的内容,揣摩出题人的意图,并分析。 3.观察一下要求翻译的汉语,然 后联想一下相关的词汇、句型,并考虑时态、语态、词形变化、主谓一致等问题。 4.翻译出所缺的英文部分。 5.将翻译好的句子再通读一遍,并从时态、语态、词形、数的一致等方面检查一下。 a.上课做笔记是个好习惯。 It’s a good habbit to _____ in class. 观察后发现考查的内容为一个短语,所以经过联想,想到take notes 这个短语,并注意复数形式。 b.几年来,他拍了几部大片。 ____________________________ 这是一个整句翻译,首先想到“几年来”这个短语over the years,它是固定短语,然后想到它所用到的时态为现在完成时,所以这个句子写成:Over the years, he has made some great movies. c.必须经常浇树。 一看到这个题目,有的同学有些发懵,因为这个句子没有主语,那么就要想到被动语态,而且是含有“必须”这个情态动词,这时就可以联想到含有情态动词的被动语态的构成:主语+情态动词 +be +p.p 所以这个句子写成:

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中考英语真题分类汇编 翻译句子

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自考英语翻译历年真题第二大题汇总及答案

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