2015年考研英语一真题答案解析

2015年考研英语一真题答案解析

1、A what 本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。第一个空考察表语从句的引导词。

2、B concluded 本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。第二个空为针对从句谓语进行的词义考察。

3、D on 本句前半句的句意是：这项研究是一个基于1932个独特个体的基因组广谱分析。考察Conduct on词组，进行。从句意为：它对成对儿的非亲缘朋友和陌生人进行比较。

4、C compared 比较，根据上下文及后一句的same知道，比较为最佳。

5、C samples 词义题，样本，C为最佳选项。

6、A insignificant 词义题，1%，以及后面的not so转折，判断，A insignificant不显著，为最佳选项。

7、C know 句意为：一些人虽然并不认识他们第四代的表亲，但他们选择的朋友却和这些亲戚颇有相似之处。

8、D resemble 词义题，和上一个空形成转折。

9、B also 上下文逻辑题，发现了，还发现了。Also为最佳选项。

10、D Perhaps 结合上下文：这一现象很难解释，后面接原因，原因“可能”是……最符合文章大意。

11、B to 介词题，意为：就像这个科研团队所发现的，这个因素不仅把我们带到详细的环境中来，更有一些深层次的影响。

12、D drive 词义题，根据上下文，对我们产生影响，驱使我们……drive为最佳选项。

13、B rather than 逻辑题，基因上相似的，功能上相似的，二者对立不能同时存在，rather than不是…而是最符合。

14、C benefits 跟“功能”搭配，选个褒义词，带来好处的，最佳。

15、A faster 词义题，根据后半句解释，这就是为什么“picked pace”加速，这里只能选faster，一些比另外一些进化得更快，符合文意。

16、D understand 词义题，这个研究可以帮助我们理解一个事实。

17、B contributory 本句意为：社会环境是最主要的一个因素。Contributory贡献，最佳。

18、A tendency 结合文章主旨，选择基因相似的人做朋友是普遍现象，tendency趋势倾向最符合。

19、C ethnic 同义替换，基因背景相似，种族的，民族的，最符合。

20、A see 本句意为：尽管所有的研究对象都取自欧洲血统，研究者也花心思确保了所有(用于比对的)朋友和陌生人也源自该血统中的同一支系。

21 D ended his reign in embarrassment

此题属于细节题。

根据关键词King Juan Carlos of Spain 定位到第一段第一和第二句。But embarrassing scandals…have forced him to eat his words and stand down. 此处stand down译为放弃席位。因此D ended his reign in embarrassment是原文内容的同义替换。

22 A owing to their undoubted and respectable status

此题属于细节题。

根据关键词定位到第三段第一句it is this apparent …that explains …as heads of state.和第三句But unlike their absolutist…most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for ...respected public figure. 绝大多数皇室家族使得选民避免了寻找受人尊敬的公众人物的麻烦。因此A owing to their undoubted and respectable status是原文内容的同义替换。

23 B the role of the nobility in modern democracies

此题属于细节题。

根据关键词定位到第四段最后一句话…it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states 奇怪的是有钱的贵族家庭仍然处于现代民主国家的核心地位。因此B the role of the nobility in modern democracies是原文内容的同义替换。

24 B fails to change his lifestyle as advised

此题属于细节题。

根据关键词”have most of fear”定位到第六段，Charles定位到最后一段的地二句Charles 后面who引导定语从句who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and …world因此B fails to change his lifestyle as advised是原文内容的同义替换。

25 C Carlos，a Lesson for All European Monarchs

此题属于全文主旨题。

着眼全文，通篇都在围绕monarchs展开。第一段由Carlos引出当今君主制面临的危机。因此Carlos，a Lesson for All European Monarchs是全文内容的精确概括。

26 答案B check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized

解析：细节题。根据自然段定位原则，定位到首段。根据题干关键词supreme court，whether精确定位到第一段最后一句whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone….，与选项进行对应，即为B在不授权的情况下检查嫌疑人的电话信息。注意A选项应是search contents。

27 答案C disapproval

解析：态度题。根据题干California’s argument定位到第二段最后一句及第三段首句，这些句子中提到hard… recklessly modest…等负向词，表达的是负面态度。看选项属于负面的就是disapproval。A 容忍，B冷漠是典型错误，D粗心。

28 答案A getting into one’s residence

解析：细节题。题干问：作者认为搜索电话薄就相当于什么?根据段落界定原则定位到第四段转折处，提到But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home.与选项对应，A中的residence对应home，是原文的同意替换。注意D选项不是作者的观点，不能将文中人物观点当作作者观点。

29 答案D citizens’ privacy is not effective protected

解析：细节题。根据题干定位到5段和6段，题干问作者最关注的是什么，即是相应段落的段落中心。因此，该题表面是细节题，实质为段落核心。5段首句为中心句提到，应采取措施保护数据隐私;6段又继续陈述原则的不恰当之处。根据这些内容，对应答案D 市民隐私未能得到有效保护。

30 答案B New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution

解析：例证题。题干问的是引用Orin Kerr的目的是什么，即Orin Kerr是论据，其目的是论点。论点往往在论据的前面，所以要找例子前面的一句话，即New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections.与选项对应，就是B new technology是原词复现，require等同于demands，reinterpretation of the Constitution同义替换applications of the Constitution’s protections。

31. 答案B journals are strengthening their statistical checks 段落推断题考查的是段落中心句，定位在首段首句The journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process, editor-in- chief Marcia McNott announced today. 《科学》杂志将要对同行评审过程增加额外的资源。与选项B同意替换。

32. 答案C marked 词义句意题根据所猜短语flagged up 所在句子的句意，手稿将被flagged up以供杂志编辑、现有的编辑评审委员会或外部同行审查。比较四个选项，只有C marked 被标记，符合题意。

33. 答案D set an example for other journals 观点细节题定位在四段末句This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science. 这不仅对于《科学》杂志本身的出版有影响，还有希望影响其它的出版社，这些出版社想继《科学》杂志之后树立自己的典型形象。选项D是这句话的概括总结。

34. 答案D has room for further improvement 观点细节题定位在末段末句，Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that ....”Vaux 认为《科学》杂志的想法有一些好处，但是有个缺点是....这就说明这个想法是有进一步改进的空间的。

35. 答案A Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers 主旨大意题本文首段首句就是全文主题句，《科学》杂志将要对同行评审过程增加额外的资源，而且全文其它各个段落都在围绕对这一想法不同专家的不同态度在论述，所以选项A是对全文中心的完整表达。

36. 答案A. The consequences of the current sorting mechanism. 因果细节题题目问到Elisbeth 因什么而感到沮丧。定位在第一段第二句Intergrity had collapsed, ..., because of a collective acceptance t hat the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market, 由于社会中唯一的分类机制是利润和市场这一共同的观念，导致了正直这种道德品质的沦丧。

37. 答案B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking 段落推断题定位到第三段第一句As the hacking trial concludes.... the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands 正如窃听案总结的那样，仍然存在更广泛的dearth of integrity 的事件，与选项B 对应。

38. 答案C was hardly convincing 观点细节题根据第四段第二句中astonishing，how little...,how little... She never ... 以及第三句中She knew nothing 的语气判断作者的态度是认为RB的辩护是没有说服力的。

39. 答案A generally distorted values 观点细节题题干定位在第五段第三句，答案定位在随后的第四、第五句。The current collective doctrine 认为重要的是efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value...., 而认为justice, fairness....不重要，故扭曲了价值观。

40. 答案是C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper. 段落推断题定位在最后一段前两句。世界新闻杂志的目的不是提升读者的理解能力。。。。而是为了发行量和影响力而毁了人们的生活。从ruined the lives 的表达能看出作者希望杂志所做的是提高其道德意识，与C选项对应。

41【C】

解析：41段中空，所以要看上句。空前与空后句中的主语是you,因此正确选项在C、D 中存在，此其一也;D中出现了reconstruct(重组)逻辑上是再次发生，与位于句首的逻辑发生了叙述上的矛盾。故排除D选择C。另外，C中的words or idioms和meanings 在41空前句重现，因为前句中有identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them。

42 【E】

解析：42 段尾空，所以看上一句话。空前一句中的主语是you,因此正确选项在C、D、E中存在，此其一也;其二，该句中主句谓语动词是infer, 与E中的宾语inferences构成逻辑对应关系。故排除C和D选择E。另外,42空前两句提到了阅读时我们会active engagement in inference and problem-solving, 并针对作者文中的specific evidence and clues进行信息的推测。E选项中further 一词表明延续此话题，用for instance 具体举例说明我们对文章信息作怎么样的推测。

43【G】

解析：43段尾空，应重点看本段上一句。同时下段开头出现了代词such background，而G中最后一句中的background与之形成逻辑对应关系。故选择G。另外，G中Rather表示转折，与43空前句开头的not 构成“not… rather…”的“不是……而是……”结构44【B】

解析：44段中空，看上下句。此段空前句中有关键词background，空后句中有关键词interpretation; background逻辑上对应G中最后一句中的background，而interpretation 逻辑对应B中最后一句中的interpretations. 故选择B。另外，B中Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class 是44空前who we are 的具体阐述。

45【A】

解析：45段中空，看上下句。最后一段首句主语是we, 所有选项中只有A和G的主语是we;但是G中首词是转折词Rather，与首句逻辑矛盾，故排除G选择A。另外，A中具体描述了许多不同的阅读目的和方式，此为对45空前句How we read a given text 和our particular interest in reading it 的具体阐述。A中的信息是45空后句such dimensions of reading 的指代对象。

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