托福TPO阅读话题分类-更新

托福阅读文章分类

本分类为四大类：自然科学、生物科学、社会科学、其他学科自然科学包括：地质学、天文学

生物科学：植物学、动物学、生态\环境学

社会科学：艺术、历史\考古学、心理\生理学、社会学

自然科学

一、地质学

冰川类

1.OG：Green Icebergs

2.TPO 15：Glacier Formation

3.TPO 19：Discovering the Ice Ages

地质类

1.OG：Desert Formation

2.OG：Geology and Landscape

3.TPO 01：Groundwater

4.TPO 03：Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer

5.TPO 07：The Geologic History of the Mediterranean

6.TPO 12：Water in the Desert

7.TPO 20：Fossil Preservation

8.TPO 21：Geothermal Energy

9.TPO 24：Lake Water

10. TPO 27: The Formation of Volcanic Islands

11. TPO 29: The History of Waterpower

二、天文学

火星类

1.TPO 08：Running Water on Mars

2.TPO 25：The Surface of Mars

其他行星类

1.TPO 16：Planets in Our Solar System

2.TPO 22：The Allende Meteorite

生物科学

一、植物学

1.Sample：Opportunity and Competitors

2. TPO 01: Timberline Vegetation on Mountains

3.TPO 05：Minerals and Plants

4.TPO 09：The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii

5.TPO 25：The Evolutionary Origin of Plants

6.TPO 22：Spartina

7. TPO 29: Competition

二、动物学

动物特点

1.OG：Swimming Machines

2.OG：Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores

3.TPO04：Deer Population of the Puget Sound

4.TPO 13：Biological Clock

5.TPO 15：A Warm-blooded Turtle

6.TPO 17：Symbiotic Relationship

7.TPO27: Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes

8.TPO27: Predator-Prey Cycle

9.TPO 30: Role of Play in Development

10.TPO 30: The Pace of Evolutionary Change

动物变化

1.Sample：Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction

2.TPO 05：The Cambrian Explosion

3.TPO 08：Extinction of The Dinosaurs

4.TPO 15：Mass Extinctions

动物行为

1.TPO 02：The Origins of Cetaceans

2. TPO 11：Orientation and Navigation

3.TPO 11：Begging by Nestlings

4.TPO 17：Animal Signals in The Rain Forest

三、生态/环境学

生态系统

1.TPO 03：The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems

2.TPO 19：Succession, Climax, and Ecosystems

3.TPO 26：Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions 环境特点

1.Sample：Electricity from Wind

2.TPO 04：Petroleum Resources

3.TPO 10：Variations in the Climate

4.TPO 18：Lightning

5.TPO 23：Urban Climates

社会科学

一、艺术

绘画/雕塑/陶瓷

1.Sample：Lascaux Cave Paintings

2.TPO04：Cave Art in Europe

3.TPO 10：Chinese Pottery

4.TPO 11：Ancient Egyptian Sculpture

5.TPO 23：Rock Art of the Australian Aborigines

6.TPO 27: Crafts in the Ancient New East

建筑/戏剧/电影/

1.OG：Applied Arts and Fine Arts

2.TPO 01：The Origins of Theater

3.TPO02：Early Cinema

4.TPO03：Architecture

5.TPO 12：Transition to Sound in Film

6.TPO 22：The Birth of Photography

二、历史/考古学

工业化介绍

1.OG：Artisans and Industrialization

2.TPO 06：Powering the Industrial Revolution

3.TPO 18：Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia

4.TPO 26：Energy and the Industrial Revolution

贸易/经济介绍

1.TPO 10：Seventeenth-Century European Economic Growth

2.TPO14：Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia

3.TPO 16：Trade and the Ancient Middle East

4.TPO 17：Europe’s Early Sea Trade with Asia

5.TPO 25：The Decline of Venetian Shipping

农业发展介绍

1.TPO 07：Agriculture, Iron, and The Bantu Peoples

2.TPO21：The Origins of Agriculture

3.TPO 23：Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture

国家/城市特点

1.OG：Nineteenth-Century Politics inThe United States

2. TPO 08：The Rise of Teotihuacan

3.TPO 07：Ancient Rome and Greece

4.TPO 14：Maya Water Problems

5.TPO 19：The Roman Army’s Impact on Britain

6.TPO 26：Sumer and The First Cities of The Ancient Near East

7.TPO 29: Characteristics of Roman Army

人口变化特点

1.TPO 05：The Origins of the Pacific Island People

2.TPO 09：Colonizing the Americas Via The Northwest Coast

3.TPO 20：Westward Migration

4.TPO 20：Early Settlement in the Southwest Asia

5.TPO 24：Moving into Pueblos

三、心理/生理学

1.OG：Aggression

2.OG：The Expression of Emotion

3.TPO 06：Infantile Amnesia

4.TPO 13：Methods of Studying Infant Perception

5.TPO 18：The Mystery of Yawning

6.TPO 21：Autobiographical Memory

7.TPO 24：Breathing during Sleep

四、社会学

1. TPO 14：Children and Advertising

2.TPO 09：Reflection in Teaching

3.TPO 13：Types of Social Groups

其他学科类

1.OG：Loie Fuller

2.TPO 06：William Smith

3.TPO 16：Development of the Periodic Table

4.TPO 12：Which Hand Did They Use?

5.TOP 28: Early Saharan Pastoralists

6.TPO 30 The Invention of the Mechanical Clock

托福阅读学科词汇汇总

托福词汇汇总 分学科词汇----part1.天文类 1 ASTRONOMY 天文 astronomy 天文学astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学 cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学 infinite 无限的 cosmic 宇宙的 cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线 celestial 天的 celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球 dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星 quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座 galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系cluster 星团 solar system 太阳系 solar corona 日冕 solar eclipse 日食 solar radiation 太阳辐射 planet 行星 planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转，绕转 twinkle 闪烁 naked eye 肉眼 Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道 spin 旋转 satellite 卫星 lunar 月球的 meteor 流星 meteor shower流星雨 meteoroid 流星体 meteorite 陨石 comet 彗星 space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit 宇航服，航天服 space shuttle 航天飞机 space telescope空间望远镜astronaut 宇航员 star 恒星 stellar 恒星的 intergalactic 星系间的 interstellar 恒星间的 interplanetary 行星间的 asteroid 小行星 nebula 星云 space debris 太空垃圾 ammonia 氨 corona 日冕 chromosphere 色球 photosphere 色球层 convection zone 对流层 vacuum 真空 infrared ray 红外线 chondrite 球粒 absolute magnitude 绝对量级radiation 辐射 emission 发射，散发 high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪 分学科词汇----part2.地理类GEOGRAPHY 地理 geography 地理 geographer 地理学家 hemisphere 半球

(完整版)托福听力场景学科分类词汇大全

新托福IBT听力场景词汇 对话场景 选课 学科 major主修mi nor畐寸修scie nee 理科,arts 文科,engin eeri ng 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology生物学geography地理学electr onics 电子学computer scie nee计算机科学astr onomy天文学electr onics engin eeri ng 电子工程学bota ny植物学psychology 心理学zoology动物学architecture 建筑学ocea no graphy 海洋学ecology生态学medical scie nee 医学archaeology 考古学history历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies教育学，教学法an thropology 人类学econo mics经济学statistics 统计学acco un ti ng 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/opti onal course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座semi nar高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial个人辅导课程 workshop专题课程 级别 Introductory 入门级eleme ntary, fun dame ntal 初级 In termediate, sec on dary 中级Adva need 高级 Prerequisite先修课程 上课： Atte nd class 上课 Miss class 缺课 Skip class 逃课 Syllabus教学大纲 Required textbook 要求的课本 Atte ndance 出勤 Gradi ng system 打分体系Class participati on 课堂参与杂 semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideli ne 课程纲要major主修mi nor畐寸修exempti on 免修syllabus 教学大纲 Professor ' siatgre教授的签字（用于 注册课程） Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）， openings （可供注册的名额） Take选（课）,drop 退（课） Late registrati on 晚注册 Deregistrati on 注￥肖 教师称号 professor 教授 lecturer = in structor 讲师teach ing assista nt = TA 助教research assista nt = RA 助研coun selor, adviser 咨询者，顾问preside nt大学校长 teacher/faculty 教师stude nt's advisor 学生顾问physicist物理学家mathematicia n 数学家chemist化学家historia n历史学家statisticia n统计学 家 作业、论文 assig nment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork =studies 作业lab report实验报告book report读书报告project 作业prese ntati on 发言term paper 学期论文（research pap》thesis/essay/dissertatio n 论文journal 学术期干刊social inv estigati on 社会调查survey调查questionnaire n调查表,问卷observati on n 观察in terview vt. n.采访collect data收集数据broad （论文等）内容宽泛n arrow dow n

托福TPO听力按学科分类

Biology: Tpo1 lecture4; 4-1; 6-2; 7-2; 8-1; 10-1; 11-1; 12-1; 14-2; 15-4; 17-4; 18-4; 19-3; 21-3; 22-3; 23-3; Environmental science: 3-1; 9-2;11-3; 12-4; 17-2; 23-2; Ecology: 10-3; 13-2; 90 Earth science: 6-4 Geology: 4-3; 7-4; 9-3; 15-2; 1-2; Chemistry: 5-3; 8-4; Astronomy: 2-4; 3-4; 5-2; 13-4; 14-3; 18-1; 19-2; 21-1; 22-2; Art history: 3-3; 8-2; 15-3; 17-1; 18-2; 19-4; 21-4; 1-1; Film history: 3-2 Music history: 12-3; 22-4; Theater history: 7-1; Theater: 9-1; Poetry: 13-3; Choreography: 23-4; Literature: 4-2;5-4; 6-3; History: 8-3; 10-2; 17-3; 18-3; Archeology: 14-4; 23-1; 1-3; Linguistic: 9-4; 19-1; Anthropology: 7-3; 22-1;

Psychology: 2-2; 10-4; 14-1; 15-1; Philosophy: 2-3; Sociology: 5-1 United states government: 4-4 Economics: 6-1; Business: 11-4; 12-2; Architecture: 11-2; City planning: 13-1; Computer science: 21-2;

托福小马过河学科词汇分类 词汇汇总word版

第一、动物学 adaptation适应 adder小毒蛇 alga (复数 algae)藻类 alligator美洲鳄 amphibian两栖动物 amphibian两栖动物 anatomy解剖学 ancestry系谱，血统 animal adaptation动物适应性animal cognition动物的认知能力animals communicate 动物交往 antenna触须(复数 antennae) anthropoid类人猿 aquarium养鱼池 aquatic水生的, 水栖的 arachnid蜘蛛类的节肢动物 armor甲 artery动脉 asymmetric不对称 auk海雀 baboon狒狒 bacteria细菌 balance生态平衡 bat蝙蝠 beak喙,鸟嘴 beast兽 beaver水獭 biological vacuum生物演变真空期biologist生物学家 bivalve双壳类 blood cell血液细胞 brant黑雁 breed（名词）品种；（动物）繁殖

buffalo美洲野牛 burrow洞穴 canary金丝雀 carnivore食肉动物carnivorous食肉类的 carrion crow吃腐肉的乌鸦caterpillar毛虫 caviar鱼子酱 centipede蜈蚣 chameleon变色龙 chemical composition化学成分chimpanzee黑猩猩chipmunk花栗鼠 chirp唧唧喳喳叫 cicada蝉 circulatory system循环系统clam蛤蜊 claw爪子 cobra眼镜蛇 cockroach蟑螂 cocoon (蚕)茧；(昆虫的)卵袋coelenterate腔肠动物 cold-blooded冷血 cold-blooded animal冷血动物compound eye复眼 coral珊瑚 crab蟹 crane鹤 crayfish淡水小龙虾，蝲蛄cricket蟋蟀 crocodile鳄鱼 crow鸦 Darwinism达尔文学说degeneration退化 die out灭绝 digestion消化

(完整版)托福TPO阅读话题分类-更新

托福阅读文章分类 本分类为四大类：自然科学、生物科学、社会科学、其他学科自然科学包括：地质学、天文学 生物科学：植物学、动物学、生态\环境学 社会科学：艺术、历史\考古学、心理\生理学、社会学 自然科学 一、地质学 冰川类 1.OG：Green Icebergs 2.TPO 15：Glacier Formation 3.TPO 19：Discovering the Ice Ages 地质类 1.OG：Desert Formation 2.OG：Geology and Landscape 3.TPO 01：Groundwater 4.TPO 03：Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer 5.TPO 07：The Geologic History of the Mediterranean 6.TPO 12：Water in the Desert 7.TPO 20：Fossil Preservation 8.TPO 21：Geothermal Energy 9.TPO 24：Lake Water 10. TPO 27: The Formation of Volcanic Islands 11. TPO 29: The History of Waterpower 二、天文学 火星类 1.TPO 08：Running Water on Mars 2.TPO 25：The Surface of Mars 其他行星类 1.TPO 16：Planets in Our Solar System 2.TPO 22：The Allende Meteorite 生物科学 一、植物学 1.Sample：Opportunity and Competitors 2. TPO 01: Timberline Vegetation on Mountains 3.TPO 05：Minerals and Plants 4.TPO 09：The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii 5.TPO 25：The Evolutionary Origin of Plants 6.TPO 22：Spartina 7. TPO 29: Competition 二、动物学

托福学科分类词汇

1astronomy天文astronomy天文学astronomical天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer天文学家astrophysics天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos(universe)宇宙cosmology宇宙学infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial天的celestial body(heavenly body)天体celestial map(sky atlas)天体图celestial sphere天球dwarf(dwarf star)矮星quasar类星体，类星射电源constellation星座galaxy(Milky Way)新河系cluster星团solar system太阳系solar corona日冕solar eclipse日食solar radiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid(asteroid)小行星revolve旋转，绕转twinkle闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteor shower流星雨meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石 comet彗星space(outer space)太空，外层空间spacecraft(spaceship)宇宙飞船spaceman(astronaut)宇航员，航天员space suit宇航服，航天服space shuttle航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut宇航员star恒星stellar恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia氨corona日冕chromosphere 色球photosphere色球层convection zone对流层vacuum真空infrared ray红外线chondrite球粒absolute magnitude绝对量级radiation辐射emission发射，散发high-resolution高清晰度interferometer干扰仪 2geography地理geography地理geographer地理学家hemisphere半球meridian 子午线，经线parallel平行圈，纬线latitude纬度longitude经度elevation海拔altitude高度temperate latitudes温带地区horizon地平线equator赤道tropics热带地区Arctic北极Antarctic(Antarctica)南极expedition探险time zone时区topography地形，地形学plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland 低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地区island岛屿continental island大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛continent大陆continental shelf大陆架ranges山脉valley峡谷canyon峡谷channel(strait)海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的，陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal)地热terrestrial magnetism(geomagnetism)地磁continental drift大陆漂移学说 sea-floor spreading海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度ocean bottom海床sediment沉淀物，沉积物tropical热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的formation形成frost heaving冻胀现象fieldstone卵石 3geology地质学geologist地质学家crust地壳mantle地幔core地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust海洋地壳layer(stratum,复数strata)地层plate板块fault断层fault plane断层面fault zone断层带rift(crack; split)断裂disintegration(decomposition)分解erosion腐蚀fossil化石igneous rock火成岩sedimentary rock沉积岩metamorphic rock变质岩quartz石英limestone石灰岩marble大理石granite花岗岩lithogenous岩成的lithosphere 岩石圈magma岩浆mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床platinum白金，铂silver 银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍 mercury汞，水银sodium钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石

托福阅读生态学专业学科词汇梳理

托福阅读生态学专业学科词汇梳理 托福阅读*涉及各类学科领域，可以说是无所不考，*中涉及到的多样学科词汇给考生阅读速度的提升和阅读理解准确度的提高带来了不少的困扰，下面就和大家分享托福阅读生态学专业学科词汇梳理，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。 托福阅读生态学专业学科词汇梳理 1. ecologist 生态学家 2. ecosystem 生态系统 We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem. 维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益. 3. balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡 4. fauna 动物群 Composition of birds fauna and habitats are also analysed and evaluated.*还对库区鸟类的区系组成和生态环境进行了分析与评价. 5. flora 植物群

The subtropical island has a remarkably rich native flora.这个亚热带岛屿有相当丰富的乡土植物种类. 6. rain forest 雨林 7. food chain 食物链 This poses a threat to agriculture and the food chain, and consequently to human health.这会对农业和食物链造成威胁，由此而危及人的健康。 8. acid rain 酸雨 9. greenhouse effect 温室效应 The specific impact of the greenhouse effect is unknowable.温室效应的具体影响无法知道。 10. infrared radiation 红外线辐射 Radiative transfer of infrared radiation through the atmosphere is animportant geophysicl process.红外辐射在大气中的传输是重要的地球物理过程. 11. ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层

历年托福阅读考题分类

历年托福阅读考题分类 托福阅读理解的题型可划分为十大类别，其题材也是丰富多彩的，天文地理、人物历史等等。把同一类型的文章放在一起练习，比较容易找到做题的感觉，加强熟练度。小马过河为大家细分了历年考题，考生们既可分类练习，也可找出自己的薄弱之出重点突破。托福阅读理解的题材篇(一)人物，(二)美国历史，(三)自然科学：(一)人物：文学家，艺术家，尤其是歌唱家，舞蹈家的女性。 编号考题年月人物职业性别姓名 1. 81/11 小说家女 EDITH WHARTON 2. 82/1 护士女 GLARA LOUIS 3. 82/8 天文艺术男 LUCIEN RUDAUX 4. 82/11 新闻摄影女 M.B.WHITE 5. 85/5 政治家男马丁路德。金 6. 85/11 文学家女 C.F.WOOLSON 7. 86/3 女权主义女 F.D.ROOSEVELT夫人 8. 87/8 雕塑家女 M.ESCOBAR 9. 87/12 印第安人女 ELLA GARSSO 10. 89/1 P1 小说家男 ROBERT HERRICK 11. 89/8 P11 歌唱家女 ELLA FITZGERALD 12. 89/10P20 芭蕾舞女 AGNES DE MILLE 13. 90/1 P25 闹剧作家女 MERRY OTIS WARREN 14. 90/5 P29 文学家女 GERTRUDE STEIN 15. 90/10P40 农化学家男 G.W.CARVER 16. 91/1 P43 诗人女艾米丽狄金森 17. 91/5 P46 画家女 GRANDMA MOSES 18. 91/10P59 画家女 C.L.GRAZA 19. 92/1 P64 舞蹈家女 LUCINA CHILDS 20. 92/5 P68 舞蹈家女 MARTHA GRAHAM 21. 92/8 P72 舞蹈家女 MARTHA GRAHAM 22. P81 文学家女 PEARL.S.BUCK 更多精彩攻略访问https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7311899897.html,1 23. P88 发明家男 MCCOY 润滑油 24. P93 舞蹈家女 ISADORA DUNCAN 25. P100 小丑演员男 JOHN DURANG 26. P104 艺术支持女 G.V.WHITNEY 27. P112 数学女 MARJORIE RICE

托福阅读题型分类

托福阅读题型分为几大类 第一大类又被分为8个小类，分别是：Factual Information questions、Negative Factual Information questions、Inference questions、Rhetorical Purpose questions、Vocabulary questions、Reference questions、Sentence Simplification questions 和Insert Text question。这8个小类的题型称之为基础题型，也就是考生能够通过训练和学习在短期内提高的部分，这个部分几乎很少涉及到原文的主旨或者作者的态度，基本以考察原文信息和相关信息定位为主，在新东方托福课堂上，老师都会给学生一套快速定位信息和判别选项正误的技巧和方法，从各类题目的出题特征线索可以入手，例如，在考察细节题的时候，出题者更加倾向对于原文同义改写的考察，比如将原文词汇转换成同义词，将句子换一种表述方法等;对于修辞目的题的考察，需要考生先定位题干中涉及信息的具体位置，然后通过逻辑关键词向前找出概括、总结类的句子作为答案。整体来说，解答这些类题型的时候，考生应该尽可能少地加入自己的个人理解和想法，根据“文章讲什么就选什么”的原则来解答问题。 第二大类分为两个小类：Prose Summary 和Fill in a table，这两个小类比较之前的8小类来说更加倾向于考察考生对原文整体结构的把握和理解，解答这样问题的时候，考生应该能够在通读文章的基础上对文章内容进行总结性分析，进而能够辨别文章中哪些信息是主要信息，哪些是次要信息，Prose Summary 是给出考生一个对文章概括的句子，让考生在6个待选选项中选出概括性句子作为答案，而Fill in a table 则是给出一个文章相关信息的表格，并将其中一个部分挖空，同样需要考生在待选选项中选出相关句子或信息填回表格。 综上，美联英语学习网建议考生在备考阶段可以根据自己的弱项以及两大类所考察的重点来进行学习和训练，从而提高自己的阅读分数。

托福阅读文章分类(OG+TPO1-31)

托福阅读文章分类（更新至TPO 30）1. 自然科学 1.1地质学 1.1.1冰川类 1OG：Green Icebergs 2TPO 15：Glacier Formation 3TPO 19：Discovering The Ice Ages 1.1.2地质现象 1 OG：Geology and Landscape 2TPO 01：Groundwater 3TPO 02：Desert Formation 4TPO 03：Depletion of The Ogallala Aquifer 5TPO 07：The Geologic History of The Mediterranean 6TPO 12：Water in The Desert 7TPO 20：Fossil Preservation 8TPO 21：Geothermal Energy 9TPO 24：Lake Water 10TPO27：The Formation of Volcanic Islands 11TPO28：Groundwater 1.2天文学 1.2.1火星类 1 TPO 08：Running Water On Mars 2TPO 25：The Surface of Mars 1.2.2其他行星类 1TPO 16：Planets in Our Solar System 2TPO 22：The Allende Meteorite 2. 生物科学 2.1植物学 1Sample：Opportunity and Competitors 2TPO01：Timberline Vegetation on Mountains 3TPO 05：Minerals and Plants 4TPO 09：The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii 5TPO 22：Spartina 6TPO 25：The Evolutionary Origin of Plants 2.2动物学 2.2.1动物特点 1 OG：Swimming Machines 2OG：Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores 3TPO04：Deer Population of The Puget Sound 4TPO 13：Biological Clock 5TPO 15：A Warm-blooded Turtle

托福阅读最全学科分类大盘点

托福阅读最全学科分类大盘点自然科学 一、地质学 冰川类 1 OG：gre en Icebergs 2 TPO 15：Glacier Formation 3 TPO 19：Discovering The Ice Ages 地质现象 1 OG：Geology and Landscape 2 TPO 01：Groundwater 3 TPO 02：Desert Formation 4 TPO 03：Depletion of The Ogallala Aquifer 5 TPO 07：The Geologic History of The Mediterranean 6 TPO 12：Water in The Desert 7 TPO 20：Fossil Preservation 8 TPO 21：Geothermal Energy 9 TPO 24：Lake Water 10 TPO 28-1：Groundwater 11 TPO 27-2：The Formation of

Volcanic Islands 二、天文学 火星类 1 TPO 08：Running Water On Mars 2 TPO 25：The Surface of Mars 其他行星类 1 TPO 16：Planets in Our Solar System 2 TPO 22：The Allende Meteorite 生物科学 一、植物学 1 Sample：Opportunity and Competitors 2 TPO 01：Timberline Vegetation on Mountains 3 TPO 05：Minerals and Plants 4 TPO 09：The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii 5 TPO 22：Spartina 6 TPO 25：The Evolutionary Origin of Plants 7 TPO 32：Plant Colonization

托福阅读单词分类汇总

托福阅读单词分类汇总 【导语】我们都知道备考托福，词汇连是非常重要的，下面苏阳文斋给大家带来托福阅读单词分类汇总，希望对大家有所帮助！ 【篇一】托福学科类词汇整理 学科 dermatology(皮科) ethnology(人种学) etymology(语源学) entomology(昆虫学) neurology(神经学) ophthalmology(眼科)

entomology(昆虫学) neurology(神经学) ophthalmology(眼科) ornithology(鸟类学) obstetrics(产科学) pathology(病理学) petrology(岩石学) philology(语言学) prosody(诗体论) psephology(选举学) speleology(洞穴学) taxonomy(分类学)

topography(地形学) gastronomy(美食法) astrology(占星术) homiletics(说教术) meteorology(气象学) gerontology(老人医学) physiology(生理学) 【篇二】托福词汇生物类总结chlorophyll 叶绿素 amino acids 氨基酸 protein 蛋白质

nitrogen 氮 photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用botany植物学 botanist 植物学家 lichen 地衣,苔藓 fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类 algae(pl. alga) 海藻 bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌 organism 有机物 rodent 啮齿类动物 primate 灵长类动物

TOEFL阅读考题分类之题型篇

TOEFL阅读考题分类之题型篇

TOEFL阅读历年考题分类之题型篇 主题型： 题目为每篇阅读理解文章第一道，是所有其它题目的依据，解题技巧： 1．阅读每一段首句相加，概括型主题 2．第一段为主题背景性文章，but，however，转折词后为主题句 3．主题词的反复重现 4．段落句首连词的逻辑走向判断主题 5．Development，why，mechanism，常为主题标识 6．段落首句小词的重要性 普样1Q1D The way of life。。。

Q23A mechanics L1 What Q31C development 普样2Q11B Why L5：factor L10，18：probably Q21C development Q41D salinity在每一段中的复现 普样3Q11B human vision主题词为首句主词 Q22C making L1：made；L6：makes；L9：material；L14：tools；普样4Q34B explain L3two reasons。。。account for L5：the first 95/8Q31A The origins of L1：many theories；L10：those who believe； L21：another theory，L25；related theory 95/10Q14D The effects 95/10Q42A The historical development L6：the ancestry 95/12Q2A L1：another

95/12Q32C第一段尾局首句复杂 96/1Q10B development 96/1Q31C第一段首句，第二段首句*NA 96/1Q42C mechanism *NA 96/1Q1D outline 96/1Q19C characteristics 96/1Q41B ways 96/5Q13C the impact of…on… 96/5Q33A主题词重现 96/8Q22C the characteristics 96/8Q33B development （D the history） 96/8Q42B how…changed (why…developed) 96/12Q1B difference L3：distinction首段尾句 97/1Q29B L1：a number

托福阅读题型分类总结与做题方法

托福阅读题型分类总结与做题方法 问法：The word/phrase XXX is closest in meaning to____ 技巧： (1)首先看是否认识, 如果在认识, 在选项中找同义或近义词, 并代入原文检验。 (2)如果不认识,将4个选项代入原文, 看上下文是否合理。 (3)看原词所在句子前后2句, 找重复对应。 (4)如果悬想中有2个悬想都在上下文中合理,选择在含义上与原词沾边的词。 (5)选项中不认识的词不轻易去选。 做题顺序： 看单词，看选项，原文验证。

问法：The word they/ their/ it/ its/ some in the passage refers to 技巧： (1)单复数 it找单数名词或名词性词组。 they找复数名词或名词性词组。 (2)在主从复合句, 并列句中, 后半句的代词主语优先指代前 半句主语的核心词(有例外, 要从意义判断)。 (3)简单句中,代词优先指代主语核心词, 次之制代宾语核心词。 (4)代词所在句子找不到合适的指代, 优先指代前一句主语, 次之指代后一句宾语。 (5)一句话中, 相同的代词指代相同。 问法：Aording to the passage, what/ which/ why/ when?

技巧：定位原文, 细读。 注意：既然是infer, imply, 就一定不是原文中明确说的。 技巧： (1)时间前后推理。 (2)排除法。 (3)不要加入自己的观点。 技巧： (1)重点不是例子本身, 而是举例子的目的及例子的服务对象。 (2)概述的同义改写就是答案。 技巧：重视文中三个或三个以上的列举 (遇到的话就做笔记记下来---Sissi如是说)。

托福详细分类

工作规则类 2010/1/16-It's better for children to choose jobs that are similar to their parents' jobs. 2010/1/17-It's better to complete a project and then start another one than to do several things at the same time. 2010.4.24-The way a person is dressed in is a good indication of his/her character or personality. 2010.5.22-Working at home using computers or telephones is better than working in the office. 2010/6/12-People should get the secure job right away or wait for a more satisfying job 2010.10.31-Do you prefer to take a low-paid but secure job or a job with a high salary but easy to lose? 2010.12.11- It is more enjoyable to have a job and work long hours for three days in a week than to work shorter hours for five days in a week. 2009.1.23-Y oung people should try several different jobs before they take a long term career. 2009.2.27-A job with more vacation time but a low salary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time. 2009/8/22-It’s more important to work quickly and risk making m istakes than to work slowly and make sure everything is correct. 2009.9.25-Do you prefer to take a low-paid but secure job or a job with a high salary but easy to lose? 2009/11/14-It’s better to have rules about the type of clothing that people wear at schools or in their workplace. 2008.3.7-People today spend too much time on enjoyment. We only do what we like to do rather than what we should do. 2008/3/8-At present, people spend too much time doing things for their enjoyment rather than doing the things they should do. 2008.3.29-It is more important to have rules about the types of clothing that people wear at work and at school. 2008/12/6-It is better to complete a project and then start another one than to work on two or several projects at the same time. 2007/3/3-Since people are busy with doing many things; they can do few things well. 2007/6/24-Which is better, to finish a project completely and then start another project or to finish two projects at one time? 2006/10/22-It is not realistic for people to expect to work at the same company or for the same employer all their lives. 2006/11/19-It is more important to choose a subject of your interest than to choose subjects, which prepare you for a job or a career. 2006/11/17-Being happy with a job is more important than having a high salary from it. 金钱道德类 2011.1.29-The world is changing quickly. People are less happy than before. 2011.1.30-The world is changing quickly. People are less happy than before. 2011.2.12-In a busy and crowded world, we should not expect people to be polite to others. 2011.3.12- People should buy things that are made in their own country, even if the price of these products is higher than that of the products made in other countries. 2010.1.15- In order to become financially responsible adults, children should manage their own money at the young age. 2010.1.30-The government should support scientific research that does not have any practical use. 2010/6/13-it is better to spend money to traveling or vacation than save money for future. 2010/6/26-Most business people are motivated only by the desire of money. 2010/7/10-Wether the professional athletes like football player or basketball player deserve the high salaries that they are paid? 2010/8/13-More and more people are spending money on their pets, even though there can be other good ways to spend money. 2010.11.5-spending money on traveling and vacation vs. saving for future 2010.11.13- The best way to improve education is to raise teachers’ salaries. 2009.2.28-Teachers should be paid at least as much as doctors, lawyers or business leaders are paid. 2009 .3.14- It is better to spend money on traveling and vacations than to save money for the future. 2009.3.14-It is better to spend money on traveling and vacation than to save money for the future. 2009.4.3- The best way to improve education is to raise teachers’ salaries. 2009.5.9-To become financially responsible individuals, people should be taught how to manage money at a young age. 2009.5.15- Professional athletes who receive high salaries, such as football or basketball players, deserve what they get. 2009 .5.9- In order to become financially responsible adults, people should be taught how to manage money at an early age. 2009.9.19-It is more important for the government to spend money on art museums and concert halls than on recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playgrounds. 2009.8.8-Teachers should be paid according to their students’ academic performance. 2009.11.7-To achieve successful development of a country; a government should focus its budgets more on young children’s education rather than on universities. 2009.12.4-People should buy things that are made in their own country, even if the price of these products is higher than that of the products made in other countries. 2009.12.19-People would be happier with fewer possessions. 2008.5.10-Governments should spend more money on the support of arts than on the athletics, such as an Olympic team. 2008.8.16-Most businesspeople are motivated only by the desire for more money.