2018年考研英语翻译练习题汇总

2018年考研英语翻译练习题汇总

要攻克考研英语翻译就必须要练习对句子的拆分解读能力，加强对词汇多义的把握，踩准得分点，最好的方法就是大家多练习对单句的细分解读，日积月累，翻译能力必定提升。凯程网考研频道以真题为例，和大家分享句子的细分解读，从词汇到句式，希望大家多练练。

He assert,also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, //for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.

(33 words)

词汇要点：

1) assert//v. 肯定地说，断言，维护，坚持。

2) train//n. 火车;一系列

结构要点：

1) 主句部分是He assert that…，that后面连接一个宾语从句;

2) that宾语从句的主干是his power…was verylimited;

3) which引导一个非限定性定语从句，which先行词是前面his power…was limited这个宾语从句;

4) hefelt certain后面还有一个that宾语从句。

汉译逻辑要点：

1) that his power…was very limited是that宾语从句的主干，可以翻译为：他的能力十分有限。

2) train ofsth. 是“一系列”的意思，train of thought是指“一系列思维”，就是“思路”。

3) to follow atrain of thought直译是“跟随自己的思路”，就是“进行思维”的意思。所以，to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought就可以翻译为：进行长时间纯抽象思维。因为这个不定式短语修饰power(能力)，可以放到“能力”前面去翻译：进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力。

4) for which reason中的which修饰的是上文“his power…was limited，他进行长时间抽象思维的能力非常有限”，可以翻译为“由于这个原因”。

5) he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics中never could have succeeded…是英语的一种虚拟语气“本来就不该成功”;never否定程度很重，可以用汉语的“根本不可能会成功”来表达。

完整译文：

他还坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限，由此他认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。

He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior //to the common run of men //innoticing things which easily escape attention, //and in observing them carefully.”(26 words) 词汇要点：

1) humbly//adv. 恭顺地，谦卑地

2) superior//adj. 优秀的，优等的

结构要点：

1) 主句部分是He adds …that…，

2) that宾语从句的主干是he was superior to…;

3) innoticing…, and in observing…是两个in介词短语并列做状语;其中还有一个which定语从句修饰things。

汉译逻辑要点：

1) He adds humbly中的adds是“增加说，补充说，又说，还说”的意思。

2) the commonrun of men中的run当名词用，the common, general, ordinary等词后面接run (of sth)是习惯用法，意思是“普通的类型或等级”，如：the common run of mankind(普通人)。

3) in noticingthings…, and in observing them carefully是并列几次短语做状语，是指“在注意到事情，和在仔细观察这些事情”这两方面“优于常人”。

4) in noticing things which easily escape attention中的which easilyescape attention是定语从句可以直译为：容易逃避注意力。这个定语从句是修饰前面的things(事物)，其意思是说，“这些事物容易逃避注意力”，其实就可以翻译为：容易忽略的事物。所以，这个部分结合起来，可以翻译为：在注意到容易忽略的事物方面。

完整译文：

他谦卑地补充道，或许他在注意到别人容易忽略的事物，并对其加以仔细的观察方面，他要比普通人更有优势。

或：他谦卑地补充道，与常人相比，或许他更能注意到容易忽略的事情，更能对此加以仔细观察。

Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only aloss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. (31 words)

3 4

词汇要点：

1) injurious//adj. 造成伤害的，有害的

2) intellect//n. 智力，理解力;有高智慧的人

结构要点：

1) 主句部分是Darwin was convinced that…，that后面连接一个宾语从句;

2) 宾语从句的主干是the loss of thesetastes was not only…, but…;

3) andmore probably to…与上文的injuriousto…并列。

汉译逻辑要点：

1) be convincedthat…是“相信，确信”的意思。

2) the loss ofthese tastes。需要注意这里的taste这个单词，基本意思是“味道，品尝”，正因为这样，可能有人会错误的翻译为“品尝的失去，味道的失去”，更有甚者，翻译为“味觉的失去”。仔细看看上文，有一个即明显的短语“taste forpictures or music(对绘画和音乐的爱好)”。所以，这里的taste应该翻译为“兴趣，爱好”。

3) but mightpossibly be injurious to the intellect中be injuriousto…是“对…造成伤害”的意思;intellect意思是“智力，理解力，思维力”。这个部分可以直接翻译为：而且可能会有损一个人的思维能力。

4) and moreprobably to the moral character与上文的be injuriousto the intellect构成并列结构，是(beinjurious) to the moral character的省略。moral character不宜翻译为“道德性格”，因为不通顺，汉语中与“道德”搭配的词是“道德品质、道德品格”。所以，可以翻译为：更有可能会伤害道德品质。说“伤害品质”略微有点不通顺，可以说“更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降”。

完整译文：

达尔文确信，没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣，而且可能会有损于一个人的思维能力，更可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。

On theother hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. (32 words)

结构要点：

1) 整个句子的主干部分是he did not accept…thecharge，其中as well founded是介词短语作补足语，修饰宾语the charge;

2) madeby his critics that…是made分词短语作定语;其中that引导的是同位语从句;

3) while he was…, he had…是that同位语从句里面的while让步状语从句和它对应的主句。

单词讲解：

1) charge//n. 指责，指控;费用

2) critics //n. 批评家

3) well-founded //adj. 有依据的

汉译逻辑要点：

1) 在he did notaccept as well founded the charge这个部分中，需要看到he did notaccept…the charge是主干部分，而as wellfounded是charge这个宾语的补足语，这里由于the charge 这个宾语后面还带了一个made分词短语修饰和that同位语从句在修饰，所以，把宾语补足语as well founded倒装到the charge前面去了，正常顺序是he did notaccept the charge as well founded。我们也可以这样来看：he did notaccept…as…。charge意思是“指责，指控”，well founded意思是“有依据的”。整个部分可以翻译为：他认为这种指责缺乏依据。

2) while he was a good observer是一个状语从句，可以翻译为：虽然他是一个好的观察者。但是，“好的观察者”这个汉语不太通顺，可以调整为：虽然他善于观察。he had no power of reasoning可以直接翻译为：他不具备推理能力。所以整个这个部分是：虽然他善于观察，却不具备推理能力。

3) 还要注意到while这个状语从句前面还有一个that引导词，引导的是一个同位语从句，整个同位语从句“虽然他善于观察，却不具备推理能力”是在说明the charge(这种指责)。而“这种指责”是“一些批评家对他”的指责。汉译逻辑顺序可以这样来安排：另一方面，某些人批评他虽然善于观察，却不具备推理能力，而他认为这种说法缺乏依据的。

完整译文：

另一方面，某些人批评他虽然善于观察，却不具备推理能力，而他认为这种说法缺乏依据的。

On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities //in a manner which is parallel to thelinks //journalists forge on a daily basis //as they cover andcomment on the news. (33 words) 词汇要点：

1) parallel //adj. 平行的，相似的，类似的，相同的

2) journalist //n. 记者，新闻工作者

3) forge //v. 炼，打铁，锻造

4) cover //v. 盖，覆盖;报道

结构要点：

1) 主干是it links these concepts to…;

2) which is parallel to the links是which定语从句，修饰manner;

3) journalists forge…是省略that的定语从句，修饰thelinks;

4) as they cover and comment on…是时间状语从句，修饰forge。

汉译逻辑要点：

1) it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner中做主语的代词it，可以返回英语原文，往前查找，可以看到上一个句子“on the one hand, it…”，仍然是用的代词it;所以再往前看一句，就可以轻松的发现代词it指代的是句子“Law is a discipline...”中的“Law(法律这门学科)”。everyday realities是指“日常生活”。

2) which is parallel to thelinks是一个which引导的定语从句，它显然修饰的是前面的manner。parallelto是“与类似…”的意思。这个which所引导的定语从句，是从which开始到整个句子的结束;所以定语从句的结构相当复杂，在汉译的时候，直接翻译到后面：这种方式类似于…，或者“这种练习方式与…的联系一样”。

3) journalistsforge on a daily basis也是一个定语从句，只不过省略了引导词that。on a daily basis是“每天，日常”等意思。forge的基本意思是“锻造，打铁”，这个词在考试中也由一定的难度。但是，稍微分析一下，因为forge这个动词的主语是“记者”，而宾语是上文中定语从句的先行词links(联系);再结合汉语习惯，我们通常不说“记者锻造联系”，而是说“记者形成了某种联系方式”。

完整译文：

另一方面，法律以一种方式把这些观念和日常生活联系起来，这与记者每天做新闻报道和新闻评论时的做法一样。

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