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现代大学英语精读6第二版教师用书unit

Unit3

What Is News?

Neil Postman and Steve Powers

Structure of the Text

Part I (Para. 1)

In this beginning paragraph, the authors state the purpose of the essay.

Part II (Para. 2)

Some people might define the news as what television directors and journalists say it is. The authors, however, think that this definition is too simplistic.

Part III (Paras. 3–5)

In these paragraphs, the authors explain why the news cannot be simply defined as “what happened that day” or “what happened that day that was important and interesting”.

Part IV (Paras. 6–11)

In these paragraphs, the authors tell readers that the news is more often made rather than gathered, and it is made on the basis of what the journalist thinks important or what the journalist thinks the audience thinks is important. Therefore, every news story is a reflection of the reporter who tells the story.

Part V (Paras. 12–15)

In these paragraphs, the authors point out that to make sense of the news, the viewer has to know somet hing about the journalist’s political beliefs as well as his prejudices, interests, and quirks which are, in turn, influenced by his financial status, the companies he has worked for, the schools he went to, the books he has read, etc.

Part VI (Paras. 16–17)

In these paragraphs, the authors point out that the journalist cannot always impose his/her views on the general public because the television channel or newspaper cannot survive unless the news they provide satisfies the needs of the general public. On the other hand, the viewer/reader must also take into account his or her relationship to a larger audience because television and newspapers are mass media and their news is not intended for an audience of one.

Part VII (Paras. 18–20)

In these paragraphs, the authors discuss some other possible definitions of news: news as something to give people pleasure; news as something instructive that reveals

the mores, values, and ideals of a society; news as living history; news as a source of literature; news as a reflection of human pain, suffering, tragedies and confusion; news as something to inspire people and make them optimistic; news as something to frighten people and make them aware of the seamy side of the reality; last but not least, news as a filler between commercials.

Part VIII (Para. 21)

In this paragraph, the authors conclude the essay by reiterating their purpose in raising the issue “What is n ews?” It is to arouse our interest and help us understand the problems, limitations, traditions, motivations, and even the delusions of the television news industry.

Detailed Study of the Text

1. We turn to this question because unless a television viewer has considered it, he or she is in danger of too easily accepting someone else’s definition—for example, a definition supplied by the news director of a television station; or even worse, a definition imposed by important advertisers.(Para. 1)

news director: (电视台) 新闻节目负责人

advertisers: In many countries in the West, television stations largely depend on selling air time to advertisers for their revenue. Therefore, important advertisers can often impose their views and interests on the news supplied by television stations.

viewer：Someone who is watching a movie, a television program, or an exhibition Compare:

audience: a group of people who watch, read, or listen to something

spectator: a person who watches an event, show, game, or activity

2. A simplistic definition of news can be drawn by paraphrasing Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes’ famous definiti on of the law. The law, Holmes said, is what the courts say it is… we might say that the news is what television directors and journalists say it is.(Para. 2)

Americans generally accept Holmes’ famous definition of the law because they agree that laws must allow for the new interpretations necessary to meet the challenges of a changing nation and a changing world. But to propose a definition of the news by para phrasing Holmes’ definition of the law probably commits the logical error of false analogy. For example, it would not make much sense if we were to say politics is what politicians say it is, or education is what teachers say it is. simplistic: disapproving too simple; not complete or sufficiently thorough Nothing more. Nothing less. : As simple as that; no more, no less.

in similar fashion: in the similar way; likewise; by the similar token

3. But if we were to take that approach, on what basis would we say that we haven’t

been told enough? Or that a story that should have been covered wasn’t? Or th at too many stories of a certain type were included? Or that a reporter gave a flagrantly biased account? (Para. 2)

The fact that people are often unsatisfied with news reporting implies that people have different ideas about what news should be.

flagrantly biased: obviously and unquestionably biased

4. In modifying their answer, most will add that the news is “important and interesting things that happened that day.” This helps a little but leaves open the question of what is “important and interesting” a nd how that is decided.(Para. 3)

It is all right to say that news consists of the important things that happened that day. But important to whom? In what sense? For what reason?

but leaves open the question: but does not give an answer to the question

5.Of course, some people will say that the question of what is important and interesting is not in the least problematic. What the President says or does is important; wars are important, rebellions, employment figures, elections, appointments to the Supreme Court. (Para. 4)

This is an interesting example of hasty generalization. It is true that what important people say or do is often important, but we can’t jump to the conclusion that everything they say or do is always important. On the other hand, sometimes even what happens to someone completely unknown can escalate to a serious crisis. People call that “the Butterfly Effect.”

problematic: causing a problem; questionable; uncertain

6. Now, there is a great deal to be said for Saran Wrap. (Para. 4)

No w, it’s true that Saran Wrap is very useful.

7.Saran Wrap is not news. The color of Liz Taylor’s wrap is. Or so some people believe. (Para. 4)

Note that the authors are making a word play on the word “wrap,” which has different meanings.

8. We shall never learn about these people either, however instructive or interesting their stories may have been.(Para. 5)

We will never hear anything about these people either, no matter how instructive or interesting their stories may have been.

instructive: providing knowledge or information; educational

9.Of course, there are some events—the assassination of a president, an earthquake, etc.—that have near universal interest and consequences. But most news does not inhere in the event.(Para. 6)

to inhere in sth.: formal to be a natural part of sth.; to be inherent in sth.

10. In fact, the news is more often made rather than gathered. (Para. 6)

In fact, often the news is not something out there for you to pick up; you have to decide what information is newsworthy and make it into news.

11．Is a story about a killing in Northern Ireland more important than one about a killing in Morocco?(Para. 6)

For Americans of Irish background, the answer will most likely be yes. It is said that the relative importance of an event is often determined by the relative distance of its occurrence to the person involved.

12．…every news story is a reflection of the reporter who tells the story. The reporter’s previous assumptions about what is “out there” edit what he or she thinks is there. (Para. 6)

If news stories were just facts, and facts speak for themselves, then all news stories, though written by different people, would be the same. But news stories are actually all different because every news story is a reflection of the reporter who tells the story, and every reporter has previous assumptions (beliefs, points of view, and biases) which affect what he/she thinks is there.

to edit: to decide what will be included or left out, as editors do in preparing, printing, broadcasting, etc.

13．The answers to all of these questions, as well as to other questions about the event, depend entirely on the point of view of the journalist. You might think this is an exaggeration, that reporters, irrespective of their assumptions, can at least get the facts straight. (Para. 7)

irrespective of: regardless of; without thinking about or considering

All government officials, irrespective of their rank, must disclose their property. We pursue the diplomatic policy of the five principles of peaceful coexistence in our relationship with all countries irrespective of their size or political system.

to get the facts straight: to find out what the facts are without making mistakes now-defunct: now-dead; now no longer existing or functioning

to feature a story: to give a story a prominent place in a newspaper or television news show

14．…who thus earn their 35 rubles a month in lieu of “relief”… (Para. 8) Instead of receiving government relief, they are given jobs by the government so that they can earn their money. (这是以工代赈的政策)

in lieu of: instead of

(government) relief：money that is given to poor people by the government (政府)救济

15．…it was the policy of the Journal to highlight the contrast between the

primitive Russian economy and the sophisticated American economy. (Para. 11)

the Journal: This refers to the newspaper The Wall Street Journal, mentioned above. to highlight: to make people notice or be aware of something

sophisticated: (the opposite of primitive) highly developed and complex 高级的，复杂的

16．Each of our senses is a remarkably astute censor. We see what we expect to see; often, we focus on what we are paid to see. And those who pay us to see usually expect us to accept their notions not only of what is important but of what are important details. (Para. 11)

We have five sense organs, and they are all extremely sharp censors.

censor: a person who examines books, movies, newspapers, etc. and removes things considered by the authorities to be offensive, immoral, or harmful to society (Note the personification of the word) .

We do not see or hear everything. We only see or hear what we expect to see or hear because we have been trained that way. We have been paid by our bosses to see or hear what they expect us to see or hear. We have been made to accept our bosses’ notion of what is interesting and important.

17．“We’d have complete dossiers on the interests, policies, and idiosyncrasies of the owners. Then we’d have a dossier on every journalist in the world. The interests, prejudices, and quirks of the owner would equal Z. The prejudices, quirks, and private interests of the journalist Y. Z times Y would give you X, the probable amount of truth in the story.” (Para. 12)

Here the French writer Albert Camus, quoted by A. J. Liebling, is using a mathematic formula to express the relationship between the interests, prejudices and quirks of a newspaper owner, and those of the journalists, and the probable amount of truth in a news story.

Z x Y = X

Here, Z = the interests, prejudices, and quirks of the owner

Y = the interests, prejudices, and quirks of the journalists

X = the truth probability of the news

Dossiers (on): files (of); records (of)

18．The host might say something like this: “To begin with, this station is owned by Gary Farnsworth, who is also the president of Bontel Limited, the principal stockholder of which is the Sultan of Bahrain. Bontel Limited owns three Japanese electronic companies, two oil companies, the entire country of Upper Volta, and the western part of Romania. …” (P ara. 13)

The implied suggestion is that this television station is quite likely to be biased in its news reporting, reflecting the interests of those who control its finances.

19．“The anchorman on the television show earns $800,000 a year; his portfolio i ncludes holdings in a major computer firm. He has a bachelor’s degree in journalism

from the University of Arkansas but was a C+ student, has never taken a course in political science, and speaks no language other than English. Last year, he read only two books—a biography of Cary Grant and a book of popular psychology called Why Am I So Wonderful? … (Para. 13)

The implication here is that the opinions of the anchorman on a television show are strongly influenced by his financial status, his source of income, the education he has received, and the books he has read.

anchorman (anchorwoman): (chiefly in the US) a man or woman who presents and coordinates a television news program (电视和广播电台)新闻节目主持人

Compare:

broadcaster:播音员

host：（游戏，访谈节目）主持人

portfolio：a range of investments held by a person or organization 全部投资；投资组合

holdings：financial assets; land, property, or shares in a company 拥有的财产

20. “The reporter who covered the story on Yugoslavia speaks Serbo-Croatian, has

a degree in international relations, and has had a Neiman Fellowship at Harvard University.”(Para. 13)

A reporter who speaks the language, has a degree in a related field, and has done research on journalism at a distinguished university can naturally be expected to be more competent to cover the story on Yugoslavia than one without these qualifications.

21. What we are saying is that to answer the question “What is news?” a viewer must know something about the political beliefs and economic situation of those who provide the news.(Para. 15)

The point we are trying to make is that a viewer must know something about the political beliefs and economic situation of those who supply the news if he/she wants to answer the question “What is news?”

Note here that the news reporter’s economic situation r efers to his/her financial status as well as the way his/her living is made, because a person’s vested interest (his/her personal stake in an undertaking, especially with an expectation of financial or other gain) often affects his/her point of view.

22. There is, in fact, a point of view that argues against journalists imposing their own sense of significance on an audience.…What’s our point? A viewer must not only know what he or she thinks is significant but others believe is significant as well. (Para. 16)

to keep their own opinions to themselves: To keep their own opinions secret; not to announce their own opinions

to advise them of what is important: to instruct them in what is important; to teach them what is important

Note that with the verb “advise”, the preposition “of” is used, and “to advise

somebody of something” is not to be confused with “to advise somebody to do something”.

Liz Taylor’s adventures in marriage: This refers to the actress’s unusually numerous marriages, which were a favorite subject of social gossip at the time.

A viewer must not only know what he or she thinks is significant but others believe is significant as well: This may be clearer if we repeat the word “what” after “but”.

23. Television is a mass medium, which means that a television news show is not intended for you alone. It is public communication, and the viewer needs to have some knowledge and opinions about “the public.”(Para. 17)

In defining news it is important for us to remember that a mass medium is not for any single individual alone. It is for the general public, and in a pluralistic society, people’s interests and needs differ. Therefore, viewers must take this fact into consideration and respect the right of other people to be different.

24. And this lea ds to another difficulty in answering the question “What is news?” Some might agree with us that Liz Taylor’s adventures in marriage do not constitute significant events but that they ought to be included in a news show precisely for that reason. Her experiences, they may say, are amusing or diverting, certainly engrossing. In other words, the purpose of news should be to give people pleasure, at least to the extent that it takes their minds off their own troubles.… (Para.

18)

This is looking at news from a different perspective. It says that many people read the news not for being educated or enlightened, but simply for entertainment. This may not be the most important purpose of the mass media, but we can’t say it is illegitimate. The question “What is news?” is now becoming increasingly complicated.

they want relief, not aggravation: People want the news to give them some relief–meaning here the removal of something painful or unpleasant rather than its opposite, aggravation, which makes the painful or unpleasant situation even worse. to take their minds off their own troubles: to make them forget their own troubles

25. It is also said that whether entertaining or not, stories about the lives of celebrities should be included because they are instructive; they reveal a great deal about our society—its mores, values, ideals. (Para. 18)

Even if stories about the lives of celebrities do not amuse or divert us, we still need to read them because these stories tell us a lot about the society we live in.

26. Mark Twain once remarked that news is history in its first and best form. (Para.

18)

People now more or less agree that today’s news is tomorrow’s history, and today’s history was yesterday’s news. So news can be defined as history to this extent.

27. Th e American poet Ezra Pound… defined literature as news that stays news. Among other things, Pound meant that the stuff of literature originates not in stories about the World Bank or an armistice agreement but in those simple, repeatable tales that reflect the pain, confusion, or exaltations that are constant in human experience, and touch us at the deepest levels. (Para. 18)

Ezra Pound relates news to literature. Such things as the World Bank and an armistice agreement, regarded as important today, will sooner or later become history, things of the past. However, we remember and retell stories about people’s pain, confusion, or exaltations because they are part of human experience and touch our emotions. This kind of news is the source of literature.

28. What are we to make of it? Why him? It is like some Old Testament parable; these questions were raised five thousand years ago and we still raise them today. It is the kind of story that stays news, and that is why it must be given prominence. (Para. 18)

to make of it: to understand it

to be given prominence: to be treated as important; to be stressed

29. What about… the fires, rapes, and murders that are daily featured on local television news? Who has decided that they are important, and why? One cynical answer is that they are there because viewers take comfort in the realization that they have escaped disaster. At least for that day.(Para. 19)

…viewers take comfort in the realization that…: viewers feel relieved or less worried because they know that these terrible things have not happened to them.

30. …It is the task of the news story to provide a daily accounting of the progress of society. …These reports, especially those of a concrete nature, are the daily facts from which the audience is expected to draw appropriate conclusions about the question “What kind of society am I a member of?”(Para. 19)

Another task of the news story is to give a daily accounting of the progress of society so that viewers will understand their society better.

31.… heavy television viewers… believe their communities are much more dangerous than do light television viewers. Television news, in other words, tends to frighten people. (Para. 19)

This paragraph suggests that television news tends to frighten rather than to enlighten people. Heavy television viewers believe their communities are much more dangerous than light viewers do. This leads to the question that whether news stories should concentrate on the brighter side of social reality.

heavy (light) television viewers: people who watch many (only a few) hours of television programs in a day.

32. The question is, “Ought they to be frightened?” which is to ask, “Is the news an accurate portrayal of where we are as a society?” Which leads to another

question, “Is it possible for daily news to give such a picture?” Many journalists believe it is possible. Some are skeptical. The early twentieth-century journalist Lincoln Steffens proved that he could create a “crime wave” any time he wanted by simply writing about all the crimes that normally occur in a large city during the course of a month. He could also end the crime wave by not writing about them. If crime waves can be “manufactured” by journalists, then how accurate are news shows in depicting the condition of a society? (Para. 19)

Is it true that journalists can create events and make them disappear? If it were true, wouldn’t that make it very easy to run a country? Moreover, if it were true, how could we ever trust news provided by the mass media? And wouldn’t that also mean that a country could get along just fine without reliable news?

portrayal: depiction; description

33. Besides, murders, rapes, and fires (even unemployment figures) are not the only way to assess the progress (or regress) of a society. Why are there so few television stories about symphonies that have been composed, novels written, scientific problems solved, and a thousand other creative acts that occur during the course of a month? Were television news to be filled with these events, we would not be frightened. We would, in fact, be inspired, optimistic, cheerful. (Para. 19) This paragraph raises a very interesting question: Why are many events that actually have great impact on human life not given any prominence - new philosophical theories and academic achievements for example? Possible answers are given in the following paragraph.

to assess the progress: to measure; to estimate; to evaluate; to appraise regress: moving back to an earlier, less developed and usually worse state or conditio n. It is usually used as a verb. The noun form is “regression”. Compare: digress v. digression n.moving away from the main subject under discussion in speaking and writing

34. One answer is as follows. These events make poor television news because there is so little to show about them. In the judgment of most editors, people watch television. And what they are interested in watching are exciting, intriguing, even exotic pictures. Suppose a scientist has developed a new theory about how to measure with more exactitude the speed with which heavenly objects are moving away from the earth. It is difficult to televise a theory, especially if it involved complex mathematics.(Para. 20)

This paragraph tries to answer the question raised above. According to the authors, one answer may be that television as a means of communication has its limitations. It is good at showing exciting, intriguing, and exotic pictures and events, but not at dealing with ideas, theories, and other abstract things. In other words, it is a visual medium; it is less effective at engaging viewers’ minds. The second, implied answer is that people watch television mainly to be entertained. They have no time or patience for profound subjects. Lastly, most editors and news directors are incapable of immediately realizing the significance of scientific and

theoretical discoveries. The conclusion seems to be: The news media are extremely important, but they are incapable of answering all our needs where news is concerned.

35. Television sells time, and time cannot be expanded. This means that whatever else is neglected, commercials cannot b, which leads to another possible answer to the question “What is news?” News, …in its worst form,… can also be mainly a “filler,” a “come-on” to keep the viewer’s attention until the commercials come. Certain producers have learned that by pandering to the audience, by eschewing solid news and replacing it with leering sensationalism, they can subvert the news by presenting a “television commercial show” that is interrupted by news. (Para.

20)

In the United States, television stations are privately owned. These privately owned stations sell air time to business companies to promote their products. Therefore, presenting the news show is not the television statio n’s main purpose: “news” serves merely as “filler” to keep the viewer’s attention until the commercials appear, not vice versa. And there is nothing more effective for this purpose than leering sensationalism. This may be an extreme case, but there is certainly some truth in it.

36. The purpose of this chapter is to arouse your interest in thinking about the question. Your answers are to be found by knowing what you feel is significant and how your sense of the significant conforms with or departs from that of others, including broadcasters, their bosses, and their audiences. Answers are to be found in your ideas about the purpose of public communication, and in your judgment of the kind of society you live in and wish to live in. We cannot provide answers to these questions. But you also need to know something about the problems, limitations, traditions, motivations, and, yes, even the delusions of the television news industry.(Para. 21)

This paragraph concludes the purpose of the essay. The authors do not intend to give us the answer to the question: “What is news?”, because they can’t. The problem is complicated, and each of us has to find his/her own answer. The purpose of the essay is to arouse our interest in answering the question by ourselves, and also to inform us of the important factors we must take into consideration to understand the nature of news.

Key to Exercises

1. a set sequence in a theatrical or comic performance 保留节目（喜剧\歌舞等）

2.to correct, condense, or modify material when preparing it for publication or

presentation

3.in Paragraph 8, financial or practical assistance given to those in need 救

济 (in Paragraph 18, the removal of something painful or unpleasant 减轻痛苦)

4. a man or woman who presents and coordinates a television program （电视新闻）

男节目主持人

5.financial assets; land, property, or shares in a company 拥有的土地或股票

6.the extent to which something is probable 几率

7.to consider

8.to watch a television show or listen to radio broadcast

9.time during which a television show or radio broadcast is being transmitted

播放时间

10.a news item, public-service announcement, or music, used to fill time on a radio

or television program

11.something intended to allure or attract

12.to undermine the power and authority of a system or institution

1 How one defines “the news” depen ds on what he/she considers interesting and

important.

2 Now it’s true that Saran Wrap is very useful in many ways, and we guess that

in the end facts will show that it is more useful for the happiness of most of us… (But…)

3 But most news is not an essential part of an event. It becomes news only because,

in the midst of the noise and disorder of everything happening around us, a journalist has selected it for our attention.

4 … it was the policy of the newspaper to focus on the sharp difference between

the backward Russian economy and the advanced American economy. Each of our five senses acts as a censor, screening information. It makes us see what we want to see, hear what we want to hear, etc.; and we do so because that is what we have been educated or are paid to do.

5 According to Camus, we would have complete records or files on the (newspaper)

owners'interests, biases, and peculiar traits. Then we would have similarly complete files on every journalist in the world.

Camus then proposes: Z×Y= X, where:

Z stands for the prejudices, eccentric habits and private interests of the owner.

Y stands for the prejudices, eccentric habits and private interests of the journalist.

X is the probable amount of truth in the story.

6 Certain producers of television programs have discovered that, by catering to

the low tastes and desires of their audience, by avoiding real news and deliberately replacing it with sensational stories, they can transform television news from programs interrupted by short commercials into one long commercial interrupted by snippets of news.

Phrases

1.一种过于简单化的定义

2.一种公然带有偏见的报道/陈述

3.就业数字统计

4.喜剧保留剧目

5.有教育意义的故事

6.精神状态

7.真实度

8.石油大王/大亨

9.（社会）习俗

10.停战协议

11.在他权力和声名达到顶峰的时候；在他的权势如日中天的时候

12.令人毛骨悚然的谋杀

13.犯罪率的激增/犯罪潮

14.太空飞行物

Sentences

1. 霍尔姆斯说，什么是法律？法院说什么是法律就是法律。如此而已，岂有它哉。同样地，我们也可以说，电视新闻负责人和新闻记者们说什么是新闻也就是新闻。换言之，当你打开电视机观看新闻台或地方新闻节目的时候，不管它们讲了些什么，根据定义而言，这就是新闻。

2. 这当然有些帮助，但是到底什么是重要或有趣的事情，对此如何判断？这个问题仍然没有解决。

3. ……每一个新闻故事都反映出讲述这个故事的记者本人。记者之前对前去采访的地方会遇到什么情况的种种假设，会对他或她在那里的所见所闻进行删减。

4. 我们的每一种感官都是极其敏锐的审查官。我们见到的往往是我们想要看到的东西。我们常常只集中注意力去看付了钱叫我们去看的东西。

5. 实际上，有一种观点是不认同新闻记者把他们对事情重要性的观点强加于观众的。这种观点认为，电视新闻只应该呈现那些能使观众感兴趣的事件。新闻记者必须把自己的意见放在自己肚子里。

6. 他们会说，她的那些经历很有趣，很有娱乐性，非常引人入胜。换句话说，新闻的目的应该是给观众带来快乐，起码要做到让他们忘记自己的烦心事。

7. 我们可以说，新闻是最初始而且形式最好的历史，是文学的原材料，是社会状态的记载，是其他某些事物的表现；但是就其最坏的形式而言，新闻也可以是在广告开始之前竭力吸引观众注意力的一种填充和引诱手段。

VII

1. objections; problematic, questionable, doubtful

2. classified as, regarded as; in any sense, by any definition; regardless of,

irrespective of, whatever

3. advise

4. simple; rebellions, insurrections, social turmoil; simplistic

5. concept, notion, idea; assumption

6. a lot, a great deal; in the long run, in the final analysis; determine

7. immigrant; famous, renowned; emigrated

8. showed, indicated, revealed; constituted, represented, presented, posed;

threat, challenge; plotting; assassination

9. fascinating, intriguing, engrossing; publicity

10. force, impose; similarly, by the same token; force

现代大学英语精读1课本内容及翻译

Lesson Eight The Kindness of Strangers Mike Mclntyre 1. One summer I was driving from my home town of Tahoe City, Calif, to New Orleans. In the middle of the desert, I came upon a young man standing by the roadside. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. I drove right by him. There was a time in the country when you' d be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody in need. Now you are a fool for helping. With gangs, drug addicts, murderers, rapists, thieves lurking everywhere, "I don't want to get involved" has become a national motto. 2. Several states later I was still thinking about the hitchhiker. Leaving him stranded in the desert did not bother me so much. What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision. I never even lifted my foot off the accelerator. 3. Does anyone stop any more? I wondered. I recalled Blanche DuBois's famous line: "I have always depended on the kindness of strangers." Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days? One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the good will of his fellow Americans. What kind of Americans would he find? Who would feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road? 4. The idea intrigued me. 5. The week I turned 37, I realized that I had never taken a gamble in my life. So I decided to travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny. It would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar. I would only accept offers of rides, food and a place to rest my head. My final destination would be Cape Fear in North Carolina, a symbol of all the fears I'd have to conquer during the trip. 6. I rose early on September 6, 1994, and headed for the Golden Gate Bridge with a 50-pound pack on my back and a sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles: "America." 7. For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and covered 4223 miles across 14 states. As I traveled, folks were always warning me about someplace else. In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming, In Nebraska they said people would not be as nice in Iowa. Yet I was treated with kindness everywhere I went. I was amazed by people's readiness to help a stranger, even when it seemed to run contrary to their own best interests. 8. One day in Nebraska a car pulled to the road shoulder. When I reached the window, I saw two little old ladies dressed in their Sunday finest." I know you're not supposed to pick up hitchhikers, but it's so far between towns out here, you feel bad passing a person," said the driver, who introduced herself as Vi. I didn't know whether to kiss them or scold them for stopping. This woman was telling me she'd rather risk her life than feel bad about passing a stranger on the side of the road. 9. Once when I was hitchhiking unsuccessfully in the rain, a trucker pulled over, locking his brakes so hard he skidded on the grass shoulder. The driver told me he was once robbed at knifepoint by a hitchhiker. "But I hate to see a man stand out in the rain," he added. "People don't have no heart anymore." 10. I found, however, that people were generally compassionate. Hearing I had no money and would take none, people bought me food or shared whatever they happened to have with them. Those who had the least to give often gave the most. In Oregon a house painter named Mike noted the chilly weather and asked if I had a coat. When he learned that I had "a light one," he drove me to his house, and handed me a big green army-style jacket. A lumber-mill worker named Tim invited me to a simple dinner with his family in their shabby house. Then he offered me his tent. I refused, knowing it was probably one of the family's most valuable possessions. But Tim was determined that I have it, and finally I agreed to take it. 11. I was grateful to all the people I met for their rides, their food, their shelter, and their gifts. But what I found most touching was the fact that they all did it as a matter of course.

现代大学英语精读3_第二版_unit1、2课文翻译

Unit 1 Your college years 1你可曾考虑过作为一个大学生你生活中正在发生和即将发生的变化？你可曾想到过大学时代教授们以及其他教职工为了你的成长和发展制定了目标？你可曾注意过你在从青少年渐渐成人的过程中会发生某些变化？尽管大学生很少想这些，但是在大学生时代很可能会发生一些主要的变化。 2在这段时期，学生们正经受自我认同危机，他们努力要了解自己的身份，掌握自身的优缺点。当然，优缺点他们兼而有之，且两者都为数不少。重要的是人们如何看待自己，其他人又如何看待他们。皮尔斯和兰多曾在一篇文章中探讨了爱立信在《国际社会百科全书》中有关理论，根据他们的观点，性格特征是由先天基因（即父母的遗传物质）所决定，由外部环境而形成，并受偶然事件的影响的。人们受环境的影响，反过来也影响他们的环境。人们如何看待自己扮演的这两个角色无疑正是他们性格特征的部分表现。 3学生们经历自我认同危机的时候，他们也开始渐渐独立，但是可能仍然非常依赖父母。这种介于独立与依赖之间的冲突常常发生在青少年末期。事实上，这种冲突很可能因为他们选择继续接受大学教育而愈发激烈。高中一毕业，一些学生便会立即走入社会开始工作。这种选择的结果就是他们可能他们在经济上获得独立。但是大学生已经选择了用几年的时间继续掌握新知并且发展自我，因此他们在一定程度上还要依赖父母。 41984年4月杰利弗·A·霍夫曼在《心理咨询杂志》上发表了《即将成人的青年与父母的心理距离》，文章中他提及了人与父母产生心理距离的四个不同方面。第一，独立处理日常生活的能力，它包括个人独立处理实际事物和自身事务的能力，如理财的能力、选购服装的能力和决定每天工作日程的能力。第二，态度独立，即个人学会正确看待和接受自己与父母的态度、价值和信仰上的差异。第三个心理分离过程是情感独立，霍夫曼将这一过程定义为“摆脱父母的认可、亲近、陪伴和情感支持的过分依赖”。例如，大学生们会随自己所愿自由选择专业，而且并不认为必须征得父母的认同。第四是摆脱“对父母的过度内疚、焦虑、疑惑、责任、反感和愤怒的心理”。大学生们需要退一步看清自己在介于独立与依赖之间的冲突中所处的位置。 5可能大学生们面临的最紧张的问题之一就是构建自己的性别特征，这包括与异性之间的关系和对未来自身男性或女性角色的设计。每个人必须将其性格特征定义为男性或女性角色。这一过程中兴奋与受挫并存。也许没有什么比恋爱更能让学生们情绪低落或高涨的。例如，我曾经和一位年轻的大学生共事，一次他欢呼雀跃的进了我的办公室，面带笑容，声音激动。年轻人宣布：“我刚度过了人生中最灿烂的一天。”他继续解释他是如何与一位超凡脱俗的女子相遇的，而且这份浪漫的爱情与他梦中所期待的完全一致。而不倒一个星期，同一个年轻人却拖着脚步神情沮丧的进了我的办公室。他在同一张椅子上坐下来，深深地叹了口气，宣布说：“我经历了人生中最糟糕的一天。”他和那个年轻女子刚刚吵过架，两人的关系不再看好。因而，大学生们与异性交往的方式对他们的情感必定有所影响。 6于此同时，这些刚刚成年的大学生也在学习如何在成年人的世界里奉献和收获情感。在这一角度上，成长不仅要处理与异性之间的关系，还要处理与两性及所有年龄段的朋友之间的关系。随着他们渐渐成人，他们与异性交往的方式也在发生变化。这时作为成年人他们应该思索如何与同龄人和睦相处并有礼有节，如何与他们生活中的青少年儿童和睦相处，如何与他们的父母和睦相处并表达自己的感情。举个我在西南浸礼教会学院读研究生时的例子，当我刚刚修完一门咨询课程后，我去探望父母。在学习这门课的过程中我渐渐意识到，当我的世界不断扩展，新的机遇不断出现时，我的父亲，一个年过花甲之人，正在亲眼目睹自己的世界在变小，选择在变少。在家的那些日子里，我和父亲几次谈心，共同探讨了我课程的内容以及它如何应用到我的生活中。我发觉自己正以一种不同的方式看待父亲，并且把他看作一个我可以鼓励的朋友。我有意识的去鼓励这个从前鼓励过我的人。我在以一种不同的方式与父亲交流。 7大学生的另一个变化就是内化他们的宗教信仰、价值尺度和道德观念。从出生开始，就有一位或更多的父母成为他们的榜样，教给他们特定的信仰、价值和道德。然而，当他们到了青春期，这些问题却遭到了质疑，在一些情况下甚至遭到了反叛。现在他们刚刚成年，他们有机会为自己决定人生中将会如何选择何种信仰、价值和道德。60年代末，一位生活在极度歧视其他种族的环境中的年轻女子深信自己种族的

现代大学英语精读单词

U n i t 1 Baptist counsel encyclopedia agenda attitudinal contribute crisis endeavor ethical ethnic masculine resentment evaluate feminine adulthood option perceive project excessive functional genetic inherit interaction peer process stressful endowment ethnic adolescence affirm approval unquestionably heighten inhibition internalize newscast

rebel seminary theological wardrobe unit4 bearded Cynicism elegant guffaw lunatic monarch page pebble scant scratch block elaborately fountain half-naked nudge olive paradox privacy scoop squatter stroll titter sweat unit5 abundance adapt angler biocide birch bound built-in

chorus colossal confined considerable throb trout vegetation migrant suppress synthetic contamination counterpart deliberate ecologist evolve fern flame flicker gear harmony immune reserve score sicken span spiral subject mold outbreak potent primitive puzzle rapidity resurgence midst modify organism

现代大学英语精读unit课后答案

现代大学英语精读u n i t 课后答案 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】

K e y t o t h e E x e r c i s e s Part II Vocabulary I Translate 1) From English into Chinese (1)学校教职员工 (2)政治上的成熟 (3)成长过程中的变化 (4)认同危机 (5)恋爱关系 (6)遗传工程 (7)学术生活 (8)偶然事件 (9)民族认同 (10)青春期 (11)种族偏见 (12)每天工作日程 (13)伦理道德观念 (14)处理日常生活的能力 (15)历史背景 (16)异性 (17)感情上的支持 (18)生活方式 2) From Chinese into English (1)to pursue an education (2)to acquire knowledge (3)to handle the case (4)to define the word (5)to select one’s major (6)to resent the treatment (7)to establish their identity (8)to frustrate the students (9)to declare war (10)to d rag one’s feet (11)to evaluate the result (12)to process knowledge (13)to perform one’s duty (14)to narrow the gap (15)to expand business (16)to expect better results

现代大学英语精读1第二版

Page 39 6. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.It seemed impossible to me, but all the others looked very confident. Sth. seems (to be) + adj.(表) + to sb. 2.We looked around. There wasn't a building standing in sight. The earthquake seemed to have destroyed everything. Sth. /sb. +（seem + to do）复合谓语3.He seems to be in low spirits these days. Sth./Sb. + seem to be + 表语 wonder why. I think it's because he doesn't seem to be making much progress in his studies. He is afraid of being looked down upon by his classmates. Sb. + seem to do sth There seems to be 4.What are you looking for, Dick? I seem to have lost my key. How annoying! 5.If you find that a word doesn't seem to

make any sense in the sentence, you should look it up in the dictionary. That's the only way to learn to use a word. 6.They went on arguing for hours. Neither of them seem (to be) willing to listen to each other. I suddenly remembered someone saying "Discussion is an exchange of knowledge while argument is an exchange of ignorance." 7.The situation there seems to be very complicated. The government has promised to look into it. 8.My grandpa seems to be getting better and better, but he still needs somebody to look after him. 9.Economists have already come to the conclusion that the crisis seems to be coming to an end. W orld economy is looking up. 10.When I got well I looked at my bank account. To my sadness, I found my balance was almost zero. All my savings in

现代大学英语精读1课本内容

Lesson One Half a Day Naguib Mahfous 1. I walked alongside my father, clutching his right hand. All my clothes were new: the black shoes, the green school uniform, and the red cap. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time. 2. My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops: pears, and date palms. 3. "Why school ?" I asked my father. "What have I done ?" 4. "I'm not punishing you, " he said, laughing. "School's not a punishment. It's a place that makes useful men out of boys. Don' t you want to be useful like your brothers?" 5. I was not convinced. I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building. 6. When we arrived at the gate we could see the courtyard, vast and full of boys and girls. "Go in by yourself, " said my father, "and join them. Put a smile on your face and be a good example to others. " 7. I hesitated and clung to his hand, but he gently pushed me from him. "Be a man, " he said. "Today you truly begin life. You will find me waiting for you when it's time to leave. " 8. I took a few steps. Then the faces of the boys and girls came into view. I did not know a single one of them, and none of them knew me. I felt I was a stranger who had lost his way. But then some boys began to glance at me in curiosity, and one of them came over and asked, "Who brought you?" 9. "My father, " I whispered. 10. "My father's dead, " he said simply. 11. I did not know what to say. The gate was now closed. Some of the children burst into tears. The bell rang. A lady came along, followed by a group of men. The men began sorting us into ranks. We were formed into an intricate pattern in the great courtyard surrounded by high buildings; from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood. 12. "This is your new home, "said the woman. "There are mothers and fathers here, too. Everything that is enjoyable and beneficial is here. So dry your tears and face life joyfully. " 13. Well, it seemed that my misgivings had had no basis. From the first moments I made many friends and fell in love with many girls. I had never imagined school would have this rich variety of experiences. 14. We played all sorts of games. In the music room we sang our first songs. We also had our first introduction to language. We saw a globe of the Earth, which revolved and showed the various continents and countries. We started learning numbers, and we were told the story of the Creator of the universe. We ate delicious food, took a little nap, and woke up to go on with friendship and love, playing and learning. 15. Our path, however, was not totally sweet and unclouded. We had to be observant and patient. It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around. Rivalries could bring about pain and hatred or give rise to

现代大学英语精读2课后翻译答案

Unit 1 1.我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的。我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题，因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对这些问题。It's wrong to hear our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all social problems because they will approach them as citizens very soon. 2.随着时间的推移，我们不可避免地会越来越多地卷入国际商务。而冲突必然会发生，因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益。With the passage of time we are inevitably increasing involved in international affairs. And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different views and interests among nations. 3.我们为我们的成就而骄傲，我们有理由感到骄傲。但是我们永远不能变得狂妄，不然我们就会失去我们的朋友。 We are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be so. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends. 4.信息现在唾手可得。一个普通的电脑就能储存一个普通图书馆的信息。Information is now immediately available. An average computer can store as much information as a small library dose. 5.那家建筑公司没有资格操作这个项目。他们没有任何法律文件能证明他们具备必要的专门技术。我们必须找一个专门建造歌剧院的公司。That construction company is not qualified to handle the project. They don't have any legal document that can certify they have the necessary expertise. We must find a company that specializes in building theatre. 6.这些智囊团不作决策。他们力图提出一些对决策者十分有用的新主意和深刻的分析。These think tanks do nor make decisions. They are out to generate new ideas and penetrating analyses that will be extremely useful for decision makers. 7.国内生产总值不是一切。如果人民的生活质量没有真正改善的话，我们国家就不能说已经现代化了。The growth of GDP is not everything. It cannot be said that our country has been modernized unless the quality of our people's lives is really improved. 8．虽然那时候我们在很多方面都很困难，但作为孩子我们仍然很幸福，因为有干净的空气、水；江河湖泊里有很多鱼、螃蟹、黄鳝；田野里有花，有树，有鸟。Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were quite happy as children, for there was clean air, clean water, a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes, and ponds and a lot of flowers, trees and birds in the fields. 9.只要给某一个人或某一群人以绝对权力，那这个人或这一群人就肯定会滥用权力，因为正如阿克顿勋爵说，“权力使人腐败，绝对权力绝对使人腐败。”Give absolute power to any individual or any particular group of people, and that person or group is sure to abuse that power because, just as Lord Acton says, power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. 10.在我们国家，传统上都认为“万般皆下品，惟有读书高”。In traditional Chinese notion, school education was more important and useful than all other pursuits. 1.总理明天将赴纽约出席联合国会议。The premier is leaving for New York for a UN conference tomorrow. 2.在纽约期间他将会晤一些国家的政府首脑。He is to meet several heads of government during his stay in New York. 3.国庆长假期间你打算干什么？回家还是呆在校园里？What are you going to do during the long National Day holidays? Are you going home or staying on campus?

现代大学英语精读教案

现代大学英语精读教案 Revised final draft November 26, 2020

U n i t1H a l f a d a y 教学目的 1. 了解作者及其背景知识； 2．熟悉本文使用的写作手法； 3．掌握修辞疑问句、倒装句等修辞手法； 4．熟练掌握三类构词法； 5．通过深刻理解文章内涵，培养学生社会洞察力和相关的讨论能力，同时掌握文中的核心语言点。教学内容 1. 热身 2．作者教育与背景主要着作创作观 3．作品赏析结构分析如何赏析文学作品扩展式讨论 4．写作技巧省略疑问句和修辞疑问句倒装句 “with”独立结构 5．语言理解长难句解析核心词汇学习 band, convince, daze, exert, intricate, observe, overlook, rank, revolve, startle, uviverse, vary 介词练习构词法：-tion; -volve; -ly 6．课堂讨论 7．练与讲教学重点 1. 文学作品的赏析； 2．文学中的修辞手法――省略疑问句和修辞疑问句；倒装句；“with”独立结构 3．构词法：前缀教学方法结合实际吸收各种教学法（讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习、多媒体使用）的优点。教学手段用投影仪播放PowerPoint课件及板书；群发电子邮件布置课堂资料和课后作业（或其来源）。 ⅠAbout the author ★ Naguib Mahfouz was born on the 11th Dec. 1911 in an old quarter of Cairo, the youngest son of a merchant. （mummies and pyramids / sphinx 狮身人面）

现代大学英语精读Unit课后联系答案

Unit 7 Inter-lesson (I) Answers to Exercises 1 .Put in the, a/an, or a 0 when no article is needed. 1. A, a 2. a 3. The, the 4. 0,0 5. the, the 6. a 7. 0, the, the, The 8. The, a , 0 9. A, 0 10. The, an, 0, a, the, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 // 0, 0, The, a, a, 0, a, 0, 0, the, 0, 0, 0 2. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets. 1. goes 2. is having, won’t be 3. will stay 4. had 5. has just offered, told, am /was, need/needed 6. arrived, were 7. has happened, have been trying 8. is, find, are 9. arrived, had begun 10. were still sleeping, was, were barking, began 3. Put into these compound sentences a conjunction (and, but, or, so) and a comma. 1. I did not know a single one, and none of them knew me. 2. I clung to my father’s hand, but he gently pushed me from him. 3. One of our daughters is working in a textile factory in Bangkok, and the other has a jib in a store. 4. The harvests were poor at first, but they soon improved. 5. Send them away, or I’ll shoot and take my chances! 6. I opened the account myself, so why can’t I withdraw any money 7. Our piece of land is small, and it is no longer fertile. 8. No, we two haven’t changed much, but t he village has. 9. But there is no more rose in my garden, so I shall sit lonely and my heart will break. 10. I know, times have changed, but certain things should not change. 11. Sometimes, they get bullied, and it is like a knife piercing my heart. 12. “Press closer, little Nightingale, or the Day will come before the rose is finished” cried the Tree. 4. Put into the passage punctuation marks: comma and full stop, capitalizing the first word of each sentence. My sister and I are three and a half years apart in age, but a world apart in the way we live our lives. She is conservative and quiet. I take too many risks, and the only time I’m really quiet is when I’m sleep. I’ve spent most of my adult life apologizing to my sister and the rest of my family for being different, for embarrassing them by something I wear, something I do or something I say. Tips: the use of the full stop/period（句号）and the comma（逗号） The full stop/period: a. is used to end declarative and imperative sentences(陈述句和祈使句) eg I took a few steps. (Unit l)