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国际经济学作业答案-第一章

国际经济学作业答案-第一章
国际经济学作业答案-第一章

Chapter 1 Introduction

Multiple Choice Questions

Historians of economic thought often describe ___________ written by _______ and published in __________ as the first real exposition of an economic model.

“Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1776

“Wealth of Nations,” David Hume, 1758

“Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1758

“Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1776

“Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1758

Answer: E

From 1959 to 2000,

the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size.

U.S. imports roughly tripled in size.

the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size.

U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports.

U.S. exports roughly tripled in size.

Answer: C

The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because the United States is a relatively large country.

the United States is a “Superpower.”

the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything.

the United States invests in many other countries.

many countries invest in the United States.

Answer: A

Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are: not relevant to current policy analysis.

are only of moderate relevance in today’s modern international economy.

are highly relevant in today’s modern internationa l economy.

are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy.

are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists.

Answer: C

2 Krugman/Obstfeld ?Seventh Edition

An important insight of international trade theory is that when countries exchange goods and services one with the other it

is always beneficial to both countries.

is usually beneficial to both countries.

is typically beneficial only to the low wage trade partner country.

is typically harmful to the technologically lagging country.

tends to create unemployment in both countries.

Answer: B

If there are large disparities in wage levels between countries, then

trade is likely to be harmful to both countries.

trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages.

trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the low wages.

trade is likely to be harmful to neither country.

trade is likely to have no effect on either country.

Answer: D

Benefits of international trade are limited to

tangible goods.

intangible goods.

all goods but not services.

services.

None of the above.

Answer: E

Attempts to explain the pattern of international trade

have been a major focus of international economists.

have proven to be hopeless.

have proven to be a trivial exercise.

have been the preoccupation of economic development theorists.

None of the above.

Answer: A

Which of the following does not belong?

NAFTA

Uruguay Round

World Trade Organization

None Tariff Barriers

None of the above.

Answer: D

Chapter 1 Introduction 3

Cost-benefit analysis of international trade

is basically useless.

is empirically intractable.

focuses attention on conflicts of interest within countries.

focuses attention on conflicts of interests between countries.

None of the above.

Answer: C

An improvement in a country’s balance of payments means a decrease in its balance of payments deficit, or an increase in its surplus. In fact we know that a surplus in a balance of payments

is good.

is usually good.

is probably good.

may be considered bad.

is always bad.

Answer: D

The study of exchange rate determination is relatively

difficult.

new and mathematical.

old.

obtuse.

None of the above.

Answer: B

The GATT was

an international treaty.

an international U.N. agency.

an international IMF agency.

a U.S. government agency.

a collection of tariffs.

Answer: A

The international debt crisis of early 1982 was precipitated when _____ could not pay its international debts.

Russia

Mexico

Brazil

Malaysia

China

Answer: B

4 Krugman/Obstfeld ?Seventh Edition

International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fields:

macro and micro.

developed and less developed.

monetary and barter.

international trade and international money.

static and dynamic.

Answer: C

A primary reason why nations conduct international trade is because of differences in

historical perspective.

location.

resource availabilities.

tastes.

incomes.

Answer: C

International trade is sometimes used as a substitute for all of the following except international movements of capital.

international movements of labor.

domestic production of the same goods or services.

domestic production of different goods and services.

None of the above.

Answer: D

International trade forces domestic firms to become more competitive in terms of

the introduction of new products.

product design and quality.

product reliability.

product price.

All of the above.

Answer: E

The movement to free international trade is most likely to generate short-term unemployment in which industries?

Industries producing non-tradable goods

Import-competing industries

Export industries

Import sectors

None of the above.

Answer: B

Chapter 1 Introduction 5

International trade is logically associated with which assumption?

Resources are less mobile internationally than domestically.

Resources are more mobile internationally than are goods.

Imports should exceed exports.

Exports should exceed imports.

None of the above.

Answer: A

Arguments for free trade are sometimes disregarded by the political process because

economists tend to favor highly protected domestic markets.

economists have a universally accepted decisive power over the political decision mechanism.

maximizing consumer welfare may not be a chief priority for politicians.

the gains of trade are of paramount concern to typical consumers.

None of the above.

Answer: C

Increased foreign competition tends to

increase profits of domestic import-competing industries.

place constraints on the wages of domestic workers.

induce falling output per worker for domestic workers.

intensity inflationary pressures at home

None of the above.

Answer: B

____________ is the ability of a firm to design, produce, and market goods and services that are better and/or cheaper than those of other firms.

Competitiveness

Protectionism

Comparative advantage

Interventionism

None of the above.

Answer: A

For a country to maximize its productivity in a global economy, it requires

only imports.

only exports.

both exports and imports.

neither exports nor imports.

foreign direct investment.

Answer: C

6 Krugman/Obstfeld ?Seventh Edition

Proponents of free trade claim all of the following as advantages except

relatively high wage levels for all domestic workers.

a wider selection of products for consumers.

increased competition for world producers.

the utilization of the most efficient production processes.

None of the above.

Answer: A

A firm’s ____, relative to that of other firms, is generally regarded as the most important determinant o f competitiveness.

income level

tastes

preferences

productivity

environmental regulation

Answer: D

One likely effect of moving to free international trade is that

a monopoly in the home market becomes an oligopoly in the world market.

an oligopoly in the home market becomes a monopoly in the world market.

a purely competitive firm becomes an oligopolist.

a purely competitive firm becomes a monopolist.

None of the above.

Answer: A

International trade in goods and services tends to

increase all domestic costs and prices.

keep all domestic costs and prices at the same level.

lessen the amount of competition facing home manufactures.

increase the amount of competition facing home manufacturers.

None of the above.

Answer: D

The real income of domestic producers and consumers may be increased by

technological progress, but not international trade.

international trade, but not technological progress.

neither technological progress nor international trade.

both technological progress and international trade.

None of the above.

Answer: D

Chapter 1 Introduction 7

A sudden shift from import tariffs to free trade may cause short-term unemployment in

import competing industries.

exporting industries.

industries that neither import nor export.

service industries

None of the above.

Answer: A

Empirical studies indicate that productivity performance is

directly related to globalization of industries.

inversely related to globalization of industries.

not related to globalization of industries.

Any of the above.

None of the above.

Answer: A

A closed economy is one in which

imports exactly equal exports.

domestic firms invest in foreign countries.

the home economy is isolated from foreign trade or investment.

All of the above.

None of the above.

Answer: C

The dominant trading nation in the world market since World War II was

the United Kingdom.

the United States.

Japan.

Germany.

China.

Answer: B

Empirical studies indicate that _______________ best enhances productivity growth for local industries local competition

cut-throat competition

destabilizing competition

global competition

None of the above.

Answer: D

8 Krugman/Obstfeld ?Seventh Edition

High levels of openness are most likely associated with a country’s

political orientation.

size.

resource availability.

historical association with foreign entangling alliances.

None of the above.

Answer: B

Essay Questions

It is argued that small countries tend have more open economies than large ones. Is this empirically verified? What are the logical underpinnings of this argument?

Answer: Yes. They do not have sufficient resources to satisfy consumption needs; and also do not have a sufficiently large market to enable their industries to avail themselves of scale

economy possibilities.

Another answer would rely on a location argument. Assume that the “natural” market

for any given plant is a circle with a radius of n miles with the plant at its center.

Assuming that the production plants are located randomly throughout the country, then

the probability that the typical circular market will encompass some foreign country is

greater the smaller is the country.

It is argued that if a rich high wage country such as the United States were to expand trade with a relatively poor and low wage country such as Mexico, then U.S. industry would migrate south, and U.S. wages would fall to the level of Mexico’s. W hat do you think about this argument?

Answer: The student may think anything. The purpose of the question is to set up a

discussion, which will lead to the models in the following chapters.

Some patterns of international trade are easier to explain than others. Give several examples and explain.

Answer: Historical circumstance can explain some patterns such as the relatively large

trade flows from West Africa to France. The relatively sparse trade between countries within

South America seems curious.

International trade tends to prove that international trade is beneficial to all trading countries. However, casual observation notes that official obstruction of international trade flows is widespread. How might you reconcile these two facts?

Answer: Like question 2, this is meant to allow students to offer preliminary discussions of issues, which will be explored in depth later in the book.

It is argued that small countries tend have more open economies than large ones. Is this empirically verified? What are the logical underpinnings of this argument?

Answer: Yes. They do not have sufficient resources to satisfy consumption needs; and also do not have a sufficiently large market to enable their industries to avail themselves of scale

economy possibilities.

Anot her answer would rely on a location argument. Assume that the “natural” market

for any given plant is a circle with a radius of n miles with the plant at its center.

Assuming that the production plants are located randomly throughout the country, then

the probability that the typical circular market will encompass some foreign country is

greater the smaller is the country.

Chapter 1 Introduction 9 It is argued that if a rich high wage country such as the United States were to expand trade with a relatively poor and low wage country such as Mexico, then U.S. industry would migrate south, and U.S. wages would fall to the level of Mexico’s. What do you think about this argument?

Answer: The student may think anything. The purpose of the question is to set up a

discussion, which will lead to the models in the following chapters.

Some patterns of international trade are easier to explain than others. Give several examples and explain.

Answer: Historical circumstance can explain some patterns such as the relatively large

trade flows from West Africa to France. The relatively sparse trade between countries within

South America seems curious.

International trade tends to prove that international trade is beneficial to all trading countries. However, casual observation notes that official obstruction of international trade flows is widespread. How might you reconcile these two facts?

Answer: Like question 2, this is meant to allow students to offer preliminary discussions of issues, which will be explored in depth later in the book.

International Trade theory is one of the oldest areas of applied economic policy analysis. It is also an area for which data was relatively widely available very early on. Why do you suppose this is the case?

Answer: In ancient times, public finance was not well developed. Most of the population

was not producing and consuming within well-developed market economies, so that income and

sales taxes were not efficient. One of the most convenient ways for governments to obtain

resources was to set up custom posts at borders and tax. Hence international trade was of great

policy interest to princes and kings, as was precise data of their main tax base.

Quantitative/Graphing Problems

10 Krugman/Obstfeld ?Seventh Edition

The figure above is the Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) of Baccalia, where only two products are produced, clothing and wine. In fact Baccalia is producing on its PPF at point A. By and large the people of Baccalia are content, as both their external and internal needs for warmth are satisfied in the most economically efficient manner possible, given their available productive resources (and known technology). How much wine is being produced? How much cloth? If a person in this country wanted to purchase a liter of wine, what would be the price he or she would have to pay?

Judging from what you learned in the previous paragraph, can you indicate at which point (if at

all) the Community Indifference Curve is tangent to the Production Possibility Frontier? Explain your reasoning.

Answer: 6 million liters of wine are being produced.

3 million square yards of cloth are being produced.

The price of 1 liter of wine is one half of a square yard of cloth.

The tangency is at point A. We know this because otherwise the country would not be

producing at the point of maximum economic efficiency.

One day, Baccalia joined the WTO and joined the Global Village. They discovered that in the LWE (London Wine Exchange), 1 liter of wine is worth 1 square yard of cloth. What is the logical production point they should strive for?

Answer: 10 million liters of wine.

They wish to enjoy to the fullest from the gains from trade, but are not willing to give up imbibing even one drop of wine from the 6 million liters they consumed in their original autarkic state. If their new consumption point is a point we shall designate as point b, describe where this point would be found.

Answer: Vertically above point a

Where is the Community Indifference Curve family of curves tangent to their new Consumption Possibility Frontier?

Answer: At point b.

How can you prove that Baccalia has in fact gained from the availability of trade, and that their new situation is superior to the pre-trade situation (with which they were quite content)?

Answer: The country was consuming at point a before trade. It is now consuming at point b with trade. Point b represents a superior welfare combination of goods as compared to point a,

since at b the country has more of each of the goods.

国际经济学作业答案第一章

Chapter 1 Introduction Multiple Choice Questions Historians of economic thought often describe ___________ written by _______ and published in __________ as the first real exposition of an economic model. “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1776 “Wealth of Nations,” David Hume, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1776 “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1758 Answer: E From 1959 to 2000, the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. imports roughly tripled in size. the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports. U.S. exports roughly tripled in size. Answer: C The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because the United States is a relatively large country. the United States is a “Superpower.” the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. the United States invests in many other countries. many countries invest in the United States. Answer: A Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are: not relevant to current policy analysis. are only of moderate relevance in today’s modern international economy. are highly relevant in today’s modern internationa l economy. are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy. are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists. Answer: C

李坤望《国际经济学》课后习题答案

第一章 1.为什么说在决定生产和消费时,相对价格比绝对价格更重要? 答案提示:当生产处于生产边界线上,资源则得到了充分利用,这时,要想增加某一产品的生产,必须降低另一产品的生产,也就是说,增加某一产品的生产是有机会机本(或社会成本)的。生产可能性边界上任何一点都表示生产效率和充分就业得以实现,但究竟选择哪一点,则还要看两个商品的相对价格,即它们在市场上的交换比率。相对价格等于机会成本时,生产点在生产可能性边界上的位置也就确定了。所以,在决定生产和消费时,相对价格比绝对价格更重要 2.仿效图1—6和图1—7,试推导出Y商品的国民供给曲线和国民需求曲线。 答:参见教材第一章第二节内容,将图1-6a中,以横坐标表示y商品的供给,以纵坐标表示x商品供给,得出相应生产可能性边界线,然后将图1-6b中,以横坐标表示y商品供给,以纵坐标表示y的相对价格,通过类似推导可得出国民供给曲线,国民需求曲线作类似推导可得。 3.在只有两种商品的情况下,当一个商品达到均衡时,另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡? 答:两种商品同时达到均衡。一种商品均衡时,由其相对价格,机会成本,需求可知另一种商品得相对价格,机会成本和需求。 4.如果生产可能性边界是一条直线,试确定过剩供给(或需求)曲线。 答案提示:略,参见书上 5.如果改用Y商品的过剩供给曲线(B国)和过剩需求曲线(A国)来确定国际均衡价格,那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致? 答案提示:国际均衡价格将依旧处于贸易前两国相对价格的中间某点。 6.说明贸易条件变化如何影响国际贸易利益在两国间的分配。 答案提示:一国出口产品价格的相对上升意味着此国可以用较少的出口换得较多的进口产品,有利于此国贸易利益的获得,不过,出口价格上升将不利于出口数量的增加,有损于出口国的贸易利益;与此类似,出口商品价格的下降有利于出口商品数量的增加,但是这意味着此国用较多的出口换得较少的进口产品。对于进口国来讲,贸易条件变化对国际贸易利益的影响是相反的。 7.如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间,那么贸易后,国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平?

国际经济学试题及答案

三、名词解释 1.生产者剩余 答:生产者剩余是指生产者愿意接受的价格和实际接受的价格之间的差额。 2.罗伯津斯基定理 答:罗伯津斯基定理是指在生产两种产品的情况下,如果商品的国际比价保持不变,一种生产要素增加所导致的密集使用该生产要素的产品产量增 加,会同时减少另外一种产品的产量。 3.产品生命周期 答:产品生命周期是指新产品经历发明、应用、推广到市场饱和、产品衰落,进而被其他产品所替代四个阶段。 4.购买力平价 答:购买力平价是指两种货币之间的汇率决定于它们单位货币购买力之间的比例。 5.市场内部化 答:市场内部化是指企业为减少交易成本,减少生产和投资风险,而将该跨国界的各交易过程变成企业内部的行为。 6.黄金输送点 答:黄金输送点包括黄金输入点和黄金输出点,是黄金输入、输出的价格上限和下限,它限制着一个国家货币对外汇率的波动幅度。 7.要素禀赋 答:要素禀赋,即要素的丰裕程度,是指在不同国家之间,由于要素的稀缺程度不同导致的可利用生产要素价格相对低廉的状况。赫克歇尔-俄林 定理认为,要素禀赋构成一个国家比较优势的基础 8.比较优势 答:比较优势也称为比较成本或比较利益,是由英国古典经济学家大卫李·嘉图提出的。李嘉图通过两个国家两种产品的模型阐明,比较优势是一国 在绝对优势基础上的相对较大的优势,在绝对劣势基础上的相对较小的 劣势,遵循“两利相权取其重,两弊相衡取其轻”的原则。根据各自的 比较优势来来确定国际分工并进行贸易往来,双方便都可以获得比较利 益。 9.人力资本 答:所谓人力资本是资本与劳动力结合而形成的一种新的生产要素,然们通过劳动力进行投资(如进行教育、职业培训、保健等),可以提高原有 劳动力的素质和技能,劳动生产率得到提升,从而对一个国家参加国际 分工的比较优势产生作用与影响。 10.布雷顿森林体系 答:布雷顿森林体系是指从第二次世界大战结束到1971年所实行的金汇兑本位制。这一以美元为中心的固定汇率制度的特征简而言之便是“美元

国际经济学课后答案解析

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C h a p t e r7I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c t o r M o v e m e n t s Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework (a) I nternational trade in goods (b) I nternational conflict resolution (c) I nternational trade in services (d) I nternational trade in factors of production (e) I nternational borrowing and lending Answer: B 2. The slope of the production function measures (a) t he physical increase in output as country grows. (b) t he dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c) t he increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d) t he marginal product of labor. (e) t he marginal product of capital.

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国际经济学练习题及答案(内部资料)

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国际经济学练习题 一、判断题 1、当开放贸易时,所有消费者的境况都会得到改善。 2、根据简单贸易模型,在贸易发生之前,如果各国的某种商品价格相同,这些国家之间就不会有交换该种商品的动机。 3、如果一国中某生产者通过贸易能使自己的境况得到改善,那么,该国中所有的生产者都会通过贸易来改善自己的境况。 4、在两国间均衡贸易价格条件下,一国对某种商品的过度供给必然与另一国对该商品的过度需求相等。 5、不存在free lunch,但却存在free trade。 6、一国即便在某种商品的生产上具有绝对劣势,它也可以在该商品的生产上具有相对优势。 7、根据H—O理论,一国如果比他国拥有更多英亩的土地,该国便是“土地丰富”的国家。 8、在成本递增的条件下,各国并不一定要完全专业化于一种商品的生产。 9、H—O理论假设各国拥有相同的商品偏好。 10、我们或许可以通过更为细分化的生产要素定义而解决Leontief Paradox。 11、Stolper-Samuelson定理认为,贸易将使丰富要素的所有者得到更低的实际收入,同时使稀缺要素的所有者得到更高的实际收入。 12、如果各国的生产技术相同,贸易便不会使生产要素价格均等化。 13、一国的非技术性工人会比技术性工人更加反对贸易自由化。 14、大国可投资发展进口替代产业而不是出口产业,进而改善本国的贸易条件。 15、按照定义,小国的经济增长将不会使贸易条件发生变化。 16、青春期是一个贫困化增长的好例子。 17、一国生产要素的增长总会使该国更加自给自足,进而减少对国际贸易的依赖。 18、一个与外界隔绝的国家一定会降低其公民的生活水平。 19、产业内贸易在充分竞争性产业中更为盛行。 20、根据H—0理论,各国应进行大量的产业内贸易。 21、规模经济是指资源的平衡增长导致平均成本上升。 22、产业内贸易发生的原因包括产品差异化、规模经济以及收入分配效应。 23、如果瑞士旅行鞋的进口增加,英国皮鞋制造商就会受到损失。 24、自由贸易总是一种比征收关税更好的政策。 25、从量关税的优越性之一是其保护价值量与进口商品的价格上涨保持同步。 26、关税对一个国家来说可能是最优的,但对全球来说不会是最优的。 27、关税给消费者带来的损失要大于它给生产者带来的收益。 28、与关税相比,配额给政府官员以更大的管理灵活性。 29、只要进口许可证是被拍卖的,配额的福利效应就与关税相同。 30、如果一国政府的税收收入很少,它就会倾向于采用关税而不是配额。 31、对于进口国来说,自愿出口限制比进口配额效果更差。 32、自愿出口限制实际上很少是自愿的。 33、对症规则(specificity rule)认为,关税通常不是纠正一国经济中扭曲的最佳方法。 34、贸易保护的国防理论和国家荣誉理论基本上是次优的。 35、如果“learning by doing”意味者今天更多的生产会使未来的成本降低,那么最好的政策就是实行保护性关税。

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国际经济学作业 一、名词解释 幼稚产业:所谓幼稚产业是指某一产业处于发展初期,基础和竞争力薄弱但经过适度保护能够发展成为具有潜在比较优势的新兴产业。 倾销:是指一国(地区)的生产商或出口商以低于其国内市场价格或低于成本价格将其商品抛售到另一国(地区)市场的行为。 提供曲线:也称相互需求曲线,是由马歇尔和艾奇沃斯提出的,它表明一个国家为了进口一定量的商品,必须向其他国家出口一定量的商品,因此提供曲线即对应某一进口量愿意提供的出口量的轨迹。两个国家的提供曲线的交汇点所决定的价格,就是国际商品交换价格(交换比率)。 国际收支:国际收支分为狭义的国际收支和广义的国际收支。狭义的国际收支指一个国家或地区与世界其他国家或地区之间由于贸易、非贸易和资本往来而引起的国际间资金收支流动的行为。包括两种具体形式:直接的货币收支和以货币表示的资产的转移。反映了以货币为媒介的国际间的债权、债务关系。广义的国际收支为系统记载的、在特定时期内(通常为一年)一个国家或经济体的居民与世界其他地方居民的全部各项经济交易,不仅包括外汇收支的国际借贷关系,还包括一定时期全部经济交易与往来。 二、简答题 试画出出口贫困化增长的图形并作出分析 答:出口贫困化增长,是指某国的传统出口产品的出口规模极大地增长,但结果不仅使该国的贸易条件严重恶化,而且该国的国民福利水平也出现下降,这种现象一般出现在发展中国家。

贸易条件变化前,该国生产均衡点为A,消费点为C;由于该国传统出口产品X 的出口规模极大增长,使得该国贸易条件恶化,此时,生产点变为A’,消费点变为C’。由图中的无差异曲线可以看出,该国贸易条件的变化使得它的福利水平低于增长前。这种情形就成为“出口贫困化增长”。 产生出口贫困化增长的原因主要有:(1)该国在该种出口产品的出口量中占到相当大的比重,这样,当其出口大幅度增加时,会导致世界市场上出现供大于求的情况,导致价格大幅下跌。(2)该种产品的需求国的需求弹性很低,当产品价格降低时,需求是并不会相应大幅增长。(3)该国经济结构十分单一,依赖该种产品的出口来促进经济的发展,因此在贸易条件恶化的时候也不能压缩出口,而是进一步扩大出口量从而保持一定的出口收入。 试说明国际贸易中要素密集度逆转的情况 答:这是解释列昂惕夫反论的观点之一,它认为,某种商品在资本丰富的国家属于资本密集型产品,而在劳动力相对丰富的国家则属于劳动密集型产品,如小麦在非洲是劳动密集生产过程的产品,而在美国则是资本密集型的产品,也就是大机器和高效化肥生产的产品。所以,同一种产品是劳动密集型产品还是资本密集型产品并没有绝对的界限。在国外属于劳动密集型的产品,也有可能在国内属于资本密集型的产品。 即如果两种要素在行业间的替代弹性差异很大,以至于两种等产量曲线相交两次,那么,可能产生生产要素密集度逆转的现象。即一种产品在A国是劳动密集型产品在B国是资本密集型产品。可能就无法根据H-O的模式预测贸易模式了。

国际经济学第五版第三章答案

第三章 ) Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions 1. Use the information in the table on labor productivities in France and Germany to answer the following questions.使用该信息表上关于法国和德国的劳动生产率,以回答以下问题。 Output per Hour Worked单 位工作小时的产出 France Germany Cheese 2 kilograms 1 kilogram Cars 0.25 0.5 a. Which country has an absolute advantage in cheese? In cars?哪个国家有奶酪的绝 对优势?汽车呢? b. What is the relative price of cheese in France if it does not trade? In Germany, if it does not trade?什么是奶酪在法国的相对价格,如果它不交易?在德国,如果不 进行交易? c. What is opportunity cost of cheese in France? In Germany?法国奶酪的机会成本是 多少?德国呢? d. Which country has a comparative advantage in cheese? In cars? Show how you know.在奶酪生产上,那个国家有比较优势?在汽车生产上呢?解释你的结论 e. What are the upper and lower bounds for the trade price of cheese?奶酪交易价格的 上下边界是什么? f.Draw a hypothetical PPC for France and label its slope. Suppose that France follows its comparative advantage in deciding where to produce on its PPC. Label its production point.画一条假设的法国生产可能性曲线并标出其斜率。假设法国根 据其比较优势决定生产可能性曲线上生产点,标出其生产点。 If the trade price of cars is 5 kilos of cheese per car, draw a trade line showing how France can gain from trade.如果贸易价格是每辆汽车换5千克奶酪,画出交易线 说明法国能够得到的贸易利得。 Answers: a. France has the absolute advantage in cheese and Germany in cars. This follows because France’s productivity is higher in cheese and Germany’s is higher in cars. 法国有干酪和德国车的绝对优势。在此之前,因为法国的生产力是奶酪更高,德 国是汽车高 b. The autarkic relative price of cheese in France is one-eighth car per kilogram; in Germany it is one-half car.奶酪在法国的自给自足的相对价格是每公斤八分之一 的汽车;在德国它是二分之一的汽车 c. Opportunity costs are equal to relative prices.机会成本等于相对价格

《国际经济学》计算题及答案

计算题及答案 1. 在古典贸易模型中,假设A国有120名劳动力,B国有50名劳动力,如果生产棉花的话,A国的人均产量是2吨,B国也是2吨;要是生产大米的话,A国的人均产量是10吨,B国则是16吨。画出两国的生产可能性曲线并分析两国中哪一国拥有生产大米的绝对优势?哪一国拥有生产大米的比较优势? 思路:B国由于每人能生产16吨大米,而A国每人仅生产10吨大米,所以B 国具有生产大米的绝对优势。 从两国生产可能性曲线看出A国生产大米的机会成本为0.2,而B国为0.125,所以B 国生产大米的机会成本或相对成本低于A国,B国生产大米具有比较优势。 2.下表列出了加拿大和中国生产1单位计算机和1单位小麦所需的劳动时间。假定生产计算机和小麦都只用劳动,加拿大的总劳动为600小时,中国总劳动为800小时。 (1)计算不发生贸易时各国生产计算机和小麦的产量。 (2)哪个国家具有生产计算机的比较优势?哪个国家具有生产小麦的比较优势? (3)如果给定世界价格是1单位计算机交换22单位的小麦,加拿大参与贸易可以从每单位的进口中节省多少劳动时间?中国可以从每单位进口中节省多少劳动时间?如果给定世界价格是1单位计算机交换24单位的小麦,加拿大和中国分别可以从进口每单位的货物中节省多少劳动时间? (4)在自由贸易的情况下,各国应生产什么产品,数量是多少?整个世界的福利水平是提高还是降低了?试用图分析。(以效用水平来衡量福利水平)思路: (1)中国生产计算机的机会成本为100/4=25,加拿大为60/3=20 (2)因为加拿大生产计算机的机会成本比中国低,所以加拿大具有生产者计算机的比较优势,中国就具有生产小麦的比较优势。 (3)如果各国按照比较优势生产和出口,加拿大进口小麦出口计算机,中国进口计算机出口小麦。 加拿大进口一单位小麦需要出口1/22单位计算机,折合成劳动时间来算,生产 一单位小麦本国要用3小时,但生产1/22单位计算机本国要用60/22小时劳 动,所以加拿大进口一单位小麦相当于用60/22小时的劳动换回本国3小时生 产的产品,节省了3-60/22=3/11小时的劳动时间。中国进口一单位计算机需 要出口22单位小麦,相当于用22*4=88小时的劳动换回本国需用100小时生产 的产品,节省了100-88=12小时的劳动时间。 如果世界价格是1单位计算机交换24单位的小麦,则相当于用60/24小时的劳动 换回本国3小时生产的产品,节省了3-60/24=1/2小时的劳动时间。中国进口 一单位计算机需要出口24单位小麦,相当于用24*4=96小时的劳动换回本国 需用100小时生产的产品,节省了100-96=4小时的劳动时间。

国际经济学复习课后答案

第一章练习与答案 1.为什么说生产和消费只取决于相对价格? 答:经济主体的经济行为考虑的是所有商品的价格,而不是单一价格因素。 3.在只有两种商品的情况下,当一个商品达到均衡时,另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡?试解释原因。 答案:是 4.如果生产可能性边界是一条直线,试确定过剩供给(或需求)曲线。 答案提示: 5.如果改用Y商品的过剩供给曲线(B国)和过剩需求曲线(A国)来确定国际均衡价格,那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致? 答案提示:不一定一致,x商品的价格是Px/Py,而y商品的价格是Py/Px. 7.如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间,那么贸易后,国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平? 答案提示:贸易后,国际相对价格将更接近于大国在封闭下的相对价格水平。 8.根据上一题的答案,你认为哪个国家在国际贸易中福利改善程度更为明显些? 答案提示:小国。 第二章答案 1.根据下面两个表中的数据,确定(1)贸易前的相对价格;(2)比较优势型态。 表1 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入

A B X Y 6 2 15 12 表2 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A B X Y 10 4 5 5 答案提示:首先将劳动投入转化为劳动生产率,然后应用与本章正文中一样的方法进行比较。(表2-2(a)和表2-2(b)部分的内容) 2.假设A、B两国的生产技术条件如下所示,那么两国还有进行贸易的动机吗?解释原因。 表3 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A B X Y 4 2 8 4 答案提示:从绝对优势来看,两国当中A国在两种产品中都有绝对优势;从比较优势来看,两国不存在相对技术差异。所以,两国没有进行国际贸易的动机。 3.如果一国在某一商品上具有绝对优势,那么也必具有比较优势吗? 答案提示:不一定,比较优势的确定原则是两优取最优,两劣取最劣。

[经济学]《国际经济学》练习题参考答案

一、单项选择题 1.从国际经济资源流动的难度看,最容易流动的要素是(A) A.商品 B.资本 C.人员 D.技术 2.在比较利益模型中,两种参与贸易商品的国际比价(C) A.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之上 B.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之下 C.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之间 D.与贸易前的任何一个国家的国内比价相同 3.比较利益理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是(A) A.劳动生产率的差异 B.技术水平的差异 C.产品品质的差异 D.价格的差异 4.在绝对技术差异理论与相对技术差异理论中,机会成本是(D) A.递增 B.递减 C.先递增后递减 D.不变 5.不能解释产业内贸易现象的理论有(B) A.重叠需求理论 B.要素比例理论 C.规模经济理论 D.垄断竞争理论 6.能反映规模经济理论本意的是(B) A.规模报酬递减 B.规模报酬递增 C.规模报酬不变 D.规模成本递增 7.不改变贸易结构,只改变贸易规模的增长方式有(C) A.偏向进口的生产要素增长 B.偏向出口的生产要素增长 C.生产要素等比例增长 D.悲惨的增长 8.最佳关税水平应等于(B) A.零进口关税 B.零进口关税与禁止性关税之间的水平

C.禁止性关税 D.禁止性关税以上 9.世界贸易组织秘书处设在(B) A.日内瓦 B.纽约 C.布鲁塞尔 D.乌拉圭 10.在国际卡特尔订价中,当产品的需求弹性越小,卡特尔订价水平就(B) A.越低 B.越高 C.不变 D.不确定 11.下述哪一种不属于投机性外汇交易(D) A.双边套汇 B.多边套汇 C.套利 D.套期保值 12.下述几种货币中,哪一种是实行联合浮动的货币(D) A.英镑 B.日元 C.美元 D.人民币 13.下述哪一种属于国际收支的事后项目(D) A.进出口 B.利息收支 C.直接投资 D.特别提款权变动 14.在分析货币贬值对贸易收支的影响时,小国所面临的供给弹性是(D) A.零 B.小于需求弹性 C.大于需求弹性 D.无穷大 15.发展中国家主要采取的汇率制度是(C) A.固定汇率制 B.浮动汇率制 C.钉住汇率制 D.联合浮动制 16.在1997年东南亚金融危机中,最早出现金融动荡的国家是(B) A.印度尼西业 B.泰国 C.日本 D.韩国 17.劳动力在各国间的流动通常会使劳动力流出国(D) A.财政总收入增加,公共设施利用率提高 B.财政总收入增加,公共设施利用率下降 C.财政总收入减少,公共设施利用率提高 D.财政总收入减少,公共设施利用率下降 18.产业内贸易更容易发生于(C) A.富国与穷国之间 B.类似的高手入国家之间

国际经济学试卷及答案

试卷(A)国际经济学一、选择题(2x15=30,每题只有一个正确答案) 1、如果dx、sx、dm和sm分别代表出口产品的需求弹性、出口产品的供给弹性、进口产品的需 求弹性和进口产品的供给弹性,则马歇尔—勒纳条件用公式表示为() >1 dx+sx>1 B.||A.|dx+dm|>1 .|sx+sm|C.|dm+sm|>1 D) 2. “贫困化增长”的一个必要条件为:( A.国家的增长偏向于出口产业。B.外国对该国的出口需求具有价格弹性。C.国家的消费 偏好高度偏向于出口商品。D.贸易在国民经济中比重不大。)3、从国际贸易对生产要素收 入分配的短期影响来看,自由贸易会导致( .生产进口竞争品部门使用的专门生产要素收入水平提高A .生产进口竞争品部门使用的共同 生产要素收入水平下降B C.生产出口品部门使用的共同生产要素收入水平提高 D.生产出口品 部门使用的专门生产要素收入水平提高)、在商品的国际比价保持不变的情况下,偏向出口的 生产要素增长会(4 .扩大进口品生产规模 BA.扩大出口品生产规模.使贸易规模保持不变C D.使贸易规模缩减)5、在货币主义的汇率决定理论中,与本币价值负相关的变量是(.外 国国民收入A.本国国民收入 B C.外国的利息率 D.外国货币 供给、不能解释产业内贸易现象的理论是(6 ) BA.重叠需求理论.规模 经济理论.要素禀赋理论C D.相互倾销理论 7、货币贬值对国内吸收的直接影响效应不包括() A.货币余额效应 B.收入再分配效应 C.货币幻觉效应 D.贸易条件效应、世界贸易组织WT)是关贸总协定主持的 下列哪一回合谈判的结果 .多哈回.乌拉圭回 .东京回.安纳西回 、成员国间实行自由贸易优惠协定并统一外部关税,但成员国间要素尚未实现自由流动是 A.自由贸易 B.关税同 C.共同市 D.经济联 1、在幼稚产业的判定标准中,强调技术外溢和外部规模经济效果的是 .李斯特标.肯普标 .穆勒标.巴斯塔布尔标 1、根据蒙代尔提出的“分配法则,当一国失业和逆差并存时,为实现经济的内外平衡应采取的 政策搭配是 .紧财政、松货.松财政、松货 .松财政、紧货.紧财政、紧货 1、通常与进口替代战略相配合的政策措施包括 .降低关税壁.高估本币价 .放松外汇管.减少非关税壁 1、征收进口关税对于进口国来说 .不利于与进口产品相竞争的生产 .使国内同类产品的生产减

国际经济学第三章答案

Chapter 3 1.Home has 1200 units of labor available. It can produce two goods, apples and bananas. The unit labor requirement in apple production is 3, while in banana production it is 2. a . b .What is the opportunity cost of apples in terms of bananas? 5.1=Lb La a a c .In the absence of trade, what would the price of apples in terms of bananas be? In the absence of trade, since labor is the only factor of production and supply decisions are determined by the attempts of individuals to maximize their earnings in a competitive economy, only when Lb La b a /a a /P P =will both goods be produced. So 1.5 /P P b a = 2.Home is as described in problem 1. There is now also another country, Foreign, with a labor force of 800. Foreign’s unit labor requirement in apple production is 5, while in banana production it is 1. a . b .

第一章国际经济学教案导论(可编辑修改word版)

一、国际经济学的含义 第一章绪论 第一节国际经济学的产生与发展 研究开放条件下的生产、交换行为以及价格、货币和宏观政策。由国际贸易经济学和国际货币经济学组成。(研究世界范围内商品、服务和资本的生产、分配和消费活动的学科) 二、国际经济学的产生 1、家政学:家庭是经济行为的基本单位,追求在收入既定情况下的福利最大化。 家政学――家庭―――收入既定福利最大 2、微观经济学:微观经济学以企业为经济活动中心,研究企业在资源既定的条件下获得最大的利润,消费者在收入既定的条件下获得最大的效用。 微观经济学着重探讨生产什么、为谁生产、如何生产。 3、宏观经济学:研究国民经济,对一个国家的经济总量(如经济增长、就业等)进行分析。宏观经济的目标包括经济增长、充分就业、稳定物价和国际收支平衡。 4、国际经济学 随着历史的发展,国家间的经济往来日益频繁,彼此经济关系日益紧密,国家于是成为国际经济往来和活动的主体,出现了各种国际经济往来的形式,国际经济因而产生。为了探讨国际经济关系的内在联系,就有必要产生独立的经济学分支学科,即国际经济学。 国际经济学是西方经济学的一般理论在国际经济中的延伸和应用,是西方经济学的分支 学科。 国际经济学的两大特征 (1)国际交易不同于国内交易。国际交易中普遍存在对贸易和要素流动的自然的和人为的阻碍。如,劳动力和资本在国家间的流动性远远低于其在一国之内自由流动的程度;关税和非关税壁垒在一国之内一般是不存在的;各国使用不同的货币,使得国际交易远比国内交易复杂得多。 (2)国际经济关系发生在各个独立的经济实体之间。各国政府制定政策考虑的往往是本国的福利和稳定,而非全世界的福利和稳定,因此往往导致在一国看来是最佳的选择,而在世界范围内看并非最佳;此外,经济间的连锁机制使得一国的经济政策,如财政政策和货币政策,不仅会影响着本国的资源配置,同时还会影响他国的资源配置。 三、国际经济学的发展 1、国际贸易理论的发展 (1)古典贸易理论:斯密的绝对优势理论、李嘉图的比较优势理论 (2)新古典贸易理论:国际贸易理论的标准模型、H-O 模型 (3)当代贸易理论:打破了已往的“规模收益不变和完全竞争”的基本假设,研究重点由国家间的差异转向市场结构和厂商行为方面,着重研究不完全竞争市场下国际贸易的新特点以及贸易政策。 2、国际金融理论的发展 (1)金本位制下的“价格-铸币流动机制” (2)布雷顿森林体系下的国际收支收入调节机制 (3)浮动汇率下的国际收支货币分析方法 (4)开放经济动态变化的跨时分析方法

国际经济学作业答案-第七章

Chapter 7 International Factor Movements Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework? (a) International trade in goods (b) International conflict resolution (c) International trade in services (d) International trade in factors of production (e) International borrowing and lending Answer: B 2. The slope of the production function measures (a) the physical increase in output as country grows. (b) the dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c) the increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d) the marginal product of labor. (e) the marginal product of capital. Answer: D 3. International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a) increase total world output. (b) improve the economic welfare of everyone. (c) improve the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d) improve the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e) None of the above. Answer: E 4. If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a) workers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b) workers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c) workers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country. (d) workers in the capital abundant country would wish to migrate to the labor abundant country. (e) workers in the capital abundant country would migrate to the labor abundant country. Answer: C

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