英美报刊阅读教程中级精选本 第五版 端木义万Lesson 19 It's a Glad, Sad, Mad World

Lesson 19 It's a Glad, Sad, Mad World

Where you live, as much a show you live, is a key influence on the feel-good factor1

By Walter Kirn

1.It' s almost impossible for most people in well-off countries to begin to understand how it feels to live in the extreme poverty of Calcutta2, surviving in India's third largest city in a shack, or on the street with little access to clean water,food or health care. The filth. The crowds. The disease. From the perspective of the comfortably housed and amply fed, these conditions sound hopeless, and the suffering they must breed seems unimaginable.

2.But not as unimaginable as this: according to a researcher who employs a method of ranking human happiness on a scale of 1 to 7, poor Calcuttans score about a 4, meaning they' reslightly more happy than not. And that' s certainly happier than one might expect. The assumption behind this finding, of course, is that happiness, like Olympic figure skating, can really be scored numerically at all and that the judges who score it don' t even need to come from the same countries or speak the same languages as the people they' re judging.

3.Robert Biswas-Diener, has worked extensively with his father, the noted University of Illinois psychologist Ed Diener, to evaluate what they term the Subjective Well-Being(SWB)3 of people around the globe, from Masai warriors in East Africa to Inughuit hunters in Northern Greenland, inviting them to answer questions about their moods and outlook. The results have led them to one sweeping conclusion: human beings, no matter where they live, and almost without regard to how they live, are, in the elder Diener' s words,"preset to be happy."4

4.He thinks of this predilection as a "gift" bestowed on people by evolution that helpsus adapt and flourish even in fairly trying circumstances.5 But there are other theories. Maybe, he says, we're "socialized" to be happy, "in order to facilitate smooth social functioning."6Whatever the reasons for this gift, however, its benefits don' t seem to beevenly distributed around the globe.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/746202157.html,tin Americans, for example, are among the happiest people in the world, according to study after study. A survey of college students in the mid-1990s compared so-called national differences in positivity and ranked Puerto Rico, Colombia and Spainas the three most cheerful locales. This may surprise those who equate happiness with flat-screen TVs and ice-cube-dispensing refrigerator doors. But not to Ed Diener. For him, the high spirits of the relatively poor Puerto Ricans and Colombians stem from a "positivity tendency" that"may be rooted in cultural norms regarding the value of believing in aspects of life in general to be good." 7 Translation: Latin Americans are happier because they look on the sunny side of life.

6.That tendency does not seem to be popular in East Asia. Among the bottom five in the study are Japan, China and South Korea, the outliers of unhappiness. "We have found that East Asians tend to weight the worst areas of their lives when computing their life satisfaction8," Diener reports.

7.That may be a reflection of a difference in cultural expectation, says Shinobu Kitayama, a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, who does research on the connection between culture and well-being. "While Americans see

happiness as a goal. Self-esteern is very important to them. But Asians, from the beginning of life,are trained to focus on the negative aspects of themselves." That extends to Asians' view of happiness itself, which Kitayama sees as surprisingly dialectic. He recently asked American and Japanese college students to describe the positive and negative aspects of happiness. The American students could only see happiness as a pure good, while the Japanese students repeatedly pointed out the potential drawbacks to happiness—the way personal success, for instance, could invite envy. That might be part of the fun for your average American freshman, but Asians often see little value in personal happiness that upsets family or group harmony. "Asian happiness is much more social than personal," says Kitayama. When asked to estimate their happiness in surveys, Asians might naturally underrate themselves for that reason, and it's not clear whether the yactually feel unhappy or whether they are just moderating their responses.9Ultimately personal happiness may simply not be what many Asians are searching for.

8.But that may be changing.Over the past 50 years, Asia has undergone a wrenching crash course in economic and political modernization.10 A wealth of new possibilities are now available to Asians across the region, yet many of those choices—what to buy, where to work, whom to marry— come into direct conflict with the old interdependent values still held by society or by their families. "There is enormous stress in these transitional cultures11,"says Aaron Ahuvia, a professor of marketing at Michigan. The result can be a kind of cognitive dissonance that leaves Asians individually freer but perhapsless happy, at least in the short run.12

9.If the developing-world Colombians are happy mostly because they really like to be and the developed-world Japanese are not so happy because, for them, personal happiness isn't part of the plan, it would seem to follow that SWB has little to do with material well-being and a lot do with attitude—at least when it comes to filling out surveys. The planet's happiest souls, as determined by the World Happiness Database'3,compiled by researchers at Rotterdam' s Erasmus University w, are the Danes, the Swiss and the Maltese, all of whom score 8 on a 10-point scale of happiness. Most of Asia, including the Japanese, hover around 6 on this measure, while troubled Pakistan is near the bottom at 4.3.

10.Biswas-Diener argues that attitude counts but also notes that highly developed nations, as a group, score consistently high, suggesting that it doesn't hurt a country to pave its highways and disinfect its water supply.15 Democracy, as a measurement for most of the world, is a sure guide to happiness. And there are no superpowers when it comes to happiness. The U.S. is pretty chippy, but in the study of international college students it ranked a contented eighth, tied with Slovenia. It would appear that merely living as if you are No. 1, and running around the world shouting you are No. 1, doesn't mean that you feel like No. 1 inside.

11.Even Bis was-Diener cautions that national happiness rankings are crude instruments.16 That' s especially true when comparing West with East, cultures where the pursuit of happiness is a national obsession with cultures where, as the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzuput it, "happiness is the absence of the striving for happiness."17Still, if you belong to one of the highest-ranking countries, you will

enjoy gazing at the big Scoreboard and speculating about the source of your collective joy. Whereas, if your motherland fares badly18, you might want to consider spending more time in Denmark.

From Time, January15, 2005

美英报刊阅读教程Lesson 1 课文

【Lesson 1 Good News about Racial Progress The remaining divisions in American society should not blind us to a half-century of dramatic change By Abigail and Stephan Thernstrom In the Perrywood community of Upper Marlboro, Md.1, near Washington, D.C., homes cost between $160,000 and $400,000. The lawns are green and the amenities appealing—including a basketball court. Low-income teen-agers from Washington started coming there. The teens were black, and they were not welcomed. The homeowners? association hired off-duty police as security, and they would ask the ballplayers whether they “belonged” in the area. The association? s newsletter noted the “eyesore” at the basketball court. But the story has a surprising twist: many of the homeowners were black t oo. “We started having problems with the young men, and unfortunately they are our people,” one resident told a re porter from the Washington Post. “But what can you do?” The homeowners didn?t care about the race of the basketball players. They were outsiders—in truders. As another resident remarked, “People who don?t live here might not care about things the way we do. Seeing all the new houses going up, someone might be tempted.” It?s a t elling story. Lots of Americans think that almost all blacks live in inner cities. Not true. Today many blacks own homes in suburban neighborhoods—not just around Washington, but outside Atlanta, Denver and other cities as well. That?s not the only common misconception Americans have ab out race. For some of the misinformation, the media are to blame. A reporter in The Wall Street Journal, for instance, writes that the economic gap between whites and blacks has widened. He offers no evidence. The picture drawn of racial relations is even bleaker. In one poll, for instance, 85 percent of blacks, but only 34 percent of whites, agreed with the verdict in the O.J. Simpson murder trial. That racially divided response made headline news. Blacks and whites, media accounts would have us believe, are still separate and hostile. Division is a constant theme, racism another. To be sure, racism has not disappeared, and race relations could —and probably will —improve. But the serious inequality that remains is less a function of racism than of the racial gap in levels of educational attainment, single parenthood and crime. The bad news has been exaggerated, and the good news neglected. Consider these three trends: A black middle class has arrived. Andrew Young recalls the day he was mistaken for a valet at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. It was an infuriating case of mistaken identity for a man who was then U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. But it wasn?t so long ago that most blacks were servants—or their equivalent. On the eve of

美英报刊阅读教程Lesson 34 课文

Lesson 34 Out of the Blue On a picture-perfect Texas morning, the shuttle Columbia was heading home when tragedy struck, leaving America and the world wondering what went wrong-and honoring the lives of seven brave astronauts. By Evan Thomas 1) Tony Beasley, an astronomer at the California Institute of Technology, got up early, along with his wife and mother-in-law, to watch the space shuttle fly overhead. It was a little after 5:45 a.m., California time, 7:45 a.m. at Mission Control1 in Houston, 8:45 a.m. at Cape Canaveral in Florida. Beasley could see the bright glow of the shuttle as it came over California’s Owens Valley, bound for a Florida landing, still 60 miles high, traveling at about 20 times the speed of sound. Then he noticed some bright flashes, just small ones at first. Beasley idly wondered if the shuttle was shedding some debris as it entered the atmosphere. He didn’t make much of it;2 he thought he recalled that space shuttles sometimes lost a few tiles as the craft burned into the atmospnere. But then he noticed a large pulse of light. “It was like a big flare being dropped from the shuttle,” he told Newsweek. “It didn’t seem normal.” 2) A few minutes later, a few hundred miles to the east in Red Oak, Texas, Trudy Orton heard a boom as she stood on her front porch in the brightening morning. She thought it was a natural-gas explosion. “My house shook and windows rattled.” Her dog ran into the house and hid. A neighbor, loading her car, looked up and asked, “What on earth was that?” Orton lo oked up and saw a white streak of smoke across the sky. “It wasn’t a sleek little straight line like the jets make. It was billowing like a puffy cloud.” 3) At the Kennedy Space Center at 9 a.m., ET, the festive crowd-NASA officials, family members of the astronauts, local dignitaries and politicians, even a representative of the Israeli government, on hand to honor Israel’ s first astronaut, Col. Ilan Ramon-eagerly listened for the familiar sonic boom, heralding the arrival of the returning shuttle. But as the skies remained silent, the burble of chatter died down, then grew anxious. At about 9:05, mobile phones began to ring. Suddenly, officials were herding family members into buses. The countdown clock continued to wind down to the scheduled 9:16 landing. But the crowd was already gone. 4) The specialists inside Mission Control were well aware that the complex machines they put into space and then hope to bring home again are potential deathtraps. The rest of us forget, until a tragedy occurs, and the nation and the world are left mourning the loss of the astonishing array of hope and talent that routinely fly aboard the shuttles-113 trips, so far. When the shuttle Columbia disintegrated over Texas last Saturday morning, it took with it an Air Force colonel and test pilot3 (whose last job had been chief of safety for the astronaut office); a former Eagle Scout fighter jock4 (second in his class at Annapolis); a veteran African-American astronaut making his second trip into space; an India-born woman with a Ph.D. who enjoyed flying aerobatics5; a medical doctor who had performed in the circus as an acrobat; another medical doctor who was a mother, and an Israeli Air Force hero who had bombed Iraq’ s Osirak nuclear reactor in 1981. 5) The seven crew members of the Columbia were finishing a 16-day mission that had gone off without a hitch6, hi between conducting dozens of scientific experiments, there had been plenty of time for stargazing. Astronaut Kalpana Chawla had told reporters how much, on a prior shuttle mission, she had enjoyed “watching the continents go by, the thunderstorms shimmering in the

课文翻译 英美报刊阅读教程中级精选本 第五版 端木义万 Lesson20

Lesson 20 East Versus West 东西方观念和思维的差异 classmates chime in. 同学插话。 That kind of collectivism confirms the commonly held belief that learning by organic induction is more effective than rote memorization. 这种集体主义证实了有机归纳学习比死记硬背更有效的普遍信念。 Why do you find, in a music conservatory, a lot of Asian would-be concert pianists but comparatively few Asian opera-singers-in-training? 为什么在音乐学院会有很多想成为钢琴家的亚洲人，而受训的亚洲歌剧演员却相对较少? There's a physical limit to how many hours a day a person can sing, Nisbett says, but not to how many hours one can practice sonatas. 尼斯贝特说，一个人每天唱歌的时间有生理上的限制，但练习奏鸣曲的时间没有生理上的限制。 He attributes these differences to history. 他将这些差异归因于历史。 East Asian agriculture was a communal venture in which tasks like irrigation and crop rotation had citizens acting in concert. 东亚农业是一种公共事业，其中灌溉和作物轮作等任务需要公民协同行动。 In contrast, Western food production led to more lone-operator farmers and herdsmen. 相比之下，西方食品生产导致了更多的孤独的农民和牧民。 Greek democratic philosophy emphasized the individual; the Reformation stressed a personal connection to God; the Industrial Revolution made heroes of entrepreneurs. 希腊民主哲学强调个人;宗教改革强调个人与上帝的联系;工业革命造就了企业家的英雄。 But in Asia, Confucius said virtue hinged upon appropriate behavior for specific relationships, say, among siblings, neighbors or colleagues. 但在亚洲，孔子说，美德取决于对特定关系的恰当行为，比如在兄弟姐妹、邻居或同事之间。 These tidy generalizations are not without critics. 这些整齐的概括并非没有批评。 A San Francisco State University professor who edits the Journal of Cross-Culture Psychology'', David Matsumoto, holds that while Nisbett attaches his observations to fascinating raw data, he takes some conclusions too far. 旧金山州立大学(San Francisco State University)教授、《跨文化心理学杂志》(Journal of Cross-Culture Psychology)主编大卫?松本(David Matsumoto)认为，尼斯贝特将自己的观察结果与引人入胜的原始数据结合起来，但他的一些结论有些过头了。 "In cross-cultural work researchers are too quick to come up with some deep, dark, mysterious interpretation of a difference with no data to support it," Matsumoto says. "It's difficult to draw one conclusion [from] a snippet of behavior, and that's what this work tends to do." 松本说:“在跨文化研究中，研究人员在没有数据支持的情况下，总是急于对差异

《英美报刊选读》标准答案

《英美报刊选读》 一、教学目的 通过本课程的学习，使学员对英美报刊有一个清晰的了解,认识英美报刊语言、文体、词汇、语法等基本特点,掌握英美报刊阅读的基本知识及技巧,为独立阅读英美报刊打下良好的基础。 二、教材特点 与该课程旧教材（第1版)相比，本教材具有以下特点： １．为使学生改变以往依赖教师和英汉词典的学习习惯,培养他们独自排解疑难词语的能力，编者不但向他们推荐工具书，并教授他们使用方法;为使他们能加深对词汇的记忆，还介绍词法和重要词根及词缀。 2．为使学生掌握必要的新闻词语和扩大词汇量，本书在“新闻词语解说”中尽量结合课文，讲透疑难词语。此外还列出一些与这些词语或课文内容有关的课外词汇。 ３．为使学生掌握必要的读报知识，本书在“背景知识”中尽量结合课文，介绍重要的并时常见诸报端的人物、党派和组织机构等,并举例说明其重要性。 4．为使学生对新闻写作有一个大致的认识,加深对课文的理解，编者较系统地说明标题的若干特点，对新闻体裁的分类、导语和写作特点及常语等做了简介。 三、教学内容 《英美报刊选读》为省开课程。 １．授课内容：重点为第１、3、4、５、6、８、13、15、17、１9、20、21、2４、28、３0课（共15课),其它内容主要供自学。 2．课时安排: ａ) 学员自学:2学时/周，共３0学时学完15课。 b)面授辅导:4学时/次,共4次。每学时辅导一课,最后一学时复习。 3．作业：共四次,在湖北电大网站英语本科网页上下载,课后完成,交辅导教师批改,评分，作为平时成绩的主要依据。学员完成作业后,可浏览网页上的“答案及详解”，以加深理解,检查自己掌握的情况 四、教学建议 教师授课时应以学生为中心，鼓励学生自己去探索和获取知识。在上课时,可要求学生先回答每课后的练习题——Questions，使他们基本了解课文的主要内容。然后,再逐段或跳跃式选段对学生需要掌握的内容、新闻词语和背景知识进行阅读和问答式方式讲解。如果备课充分，学生的英语水平又高,教员可采用美英教员教授母语的方法，抛开课本或讲义,只讲有关课文的重点词语、背景知识和写作手法等。这样，学生除预习外，课后还要结合教员

课文翻译 英美报刊阅读教程中级精选本 第五版 端木义万 Lesson 7

Lesson 7 ：Cities and Suburbs Are Trading Places 远程办公 Young Singles, Other ‘Non-Families’ Taking Over Outer Areas, Study Shows 研究显示，单身青年和其他“非家庭成员”占据了周边地区 By D’Vera Cohn. A role reversal between cities and suburbs is rewriting a demographic script that has dominated American life for decades. 城市和郊区之间的角色转换正在改写几十年来主导美国生活的人口统计学脚本。Young singles, elderly widows and other such “non-family households”now outnumber married-with-children homes in the nation’s suburbs, creating changes in demand for housing, entertainment and services in the communities where most Americans live. 在美国的郊区，年轻的单身人士、年老的寡妇和其他类似的“无家庭家庭”现在的数量超过了结婚带孩子的家庭，这就改变了大多数美国人居住的社区对住房、娱乐和服务的需求。 At the same time, the married-with-children families often thought of as typically suburban are increasing in many growing cities of the South and West, according to a study based on the 2000 Census to be released today by the Brookings Institution. 与此同时，布鲁金斯学会(Brookings Institution)今天发布的一项基于2000年人口普查的研究显示，在美国南部和西部许多发展中城市，通常被认为是典型的郊区已婚带孩子家庭的人数正在增加。 In suburbs, the demand for social services is rising even as nightclubs are springing up in shopping malls to serve affluent singles. 在郊区，对社会服务的需求正在上升，尽管为富裕单身人士服务的购物中心里的夜总会如雨后春笋般涌现。 In some cities, school buildings are crowded again, and small commercial districts are rising from the dead. 在一些城市，学校建筑再次拥挤起来，小型商业区死而复生。 In the Washington area, non-families have outnumbered married-with-children households in most of the region’s biggest suburbs for more than a decade, and the trend intensified in the 1990s, hi the region’s outer suburbs, married couples with children still dominate. 在华盛顿地区，十多年来，在该地区大部分最大的郊区，非家庭家庭的数量超过了已婚带孩子的家庭，这一趋势在20世纪90年代加剧，在该地区的远郊，已婚带孩子的家庭仍然占主导地位。 The transformation of the suburbs reflects the arrival of a more diverse population and changes in the lives of people already living there. 郊区的转变反映了人口多样化的到来，以及已经生活在那里的人们的生活发生了变化。 There is a growing singles scene of young people who want to live near suburban workplaces, an increasing number of unmarried couples buying houses, and more homes being rented to groups, including immigrants. 越来越多的年轻人想要住在郊区工作场所附近，越来越多的未婚夫妇在买房，越来越多的房子被租给团体，包括移民。

英美报刊文章阅读

英美報刊文章閱讀 外國語學院英語師範三班何宇20104033023 1.The inverted pyramid should put the most important point at the top of the article, followed by your next most important point, and so on, in diminishing order of importance. The lead includes the five “W”( what where why when and who).that made the readers read the article immediately.The writer then provides the rest of the information and supporting contextual details in descending order of importance, leaving the least essential material for the very end. This gives the completed story the form of an inverted pyramid, with the most important elements, or the 'base' of the story, on top.For example, if I write, 'Two children were injured when fire swept through the First Community Church, Detroit, Michigan, on May 10. The fire is believed to have started from unattended candles.' That's complete, but a lot of details can be added in succeeding paragraphs. If space is tight, an editor can cut from the bottom and still save the essential elements." 2.To create an inverted pyramid structure, follow these guidelines: 1, Use clear, meaningful headings or lists at the beginning of a topic. 2. Create separate paragraphs or topics to emphasize important points. 3, Do not bury your main point in the middle of a paragraph or topic.. 3.the journalist English has three important features :firstly-the reporters are sammilar to the article of the report content ,so the reporters can apply to appropriate words and express the relative contents which including some professional words. second :the news usually used the short and active voice sentence third , the structure of news is always loose, at the same time, there is closely among the paragraphs. 4.- A museum commemorating the Flying Tigers, a US air squadron that helped the Chinese fight the Japanese in World War II, opened to the public in central China's Hunan Province on Tuesday. The Flying Tigers Museum, located at the Shining Airport in Shining County, houses 1,387 pieces of historical artifacts from the Flying Tigers, which are on public display for the first time. The Shining Airport was an important base for the Flying Tigers under the leadership of Claire Lee Chennai, a retired US Army Air Corps officer who started working in China in 1937. Construction of the museum took five years. During this time, the museum received precious items from living members of the Flying Tigers and their families, including Anna Chan Chennault, wife of Claire Lee Chennault, said Wu Jonahing, curator of the museum. The cultural relics in the museum will help younger generations remember the glorious history of the Flying Tigers and

英美报刊阅读教程1

英美报刊阅读教程1 Language Features 电子报纸 electronic newspaper = e-paper 电子杂志electronic magazine = e-zine 1.英语新闻报刊的种类：日报、晨报、晚报 周报、半周报 semiweekly 、双周报 biweekly 城市报metropolitan newspaper 报纸newspaper 郊区报suburban newspaper 乡村报rural newspaper 大报quality newspaper 通俗小报tobloid 2.新闻英语的限制因素：大众性、节俭性、趣味性、时新性、客观性 3.拼词缀 （1）前词部首+后词部尾 boat +hotel=botel 水上旅馆 taikong +astronaut=taikonaut 宇航员 medical +suicide = medicide 医助安乐死 digital +literati = digirati 电脑联通网 guess + estimate=guestimate 约略估计 corporation + bureaucrate=corporcrat 公司官僚主义 （2）前词全部+后词部尾 jazz + discotheque = jazzotheque 爵士音乐夜总会 screen + teenager = screenager 屏幕青少年 eye + analyzer = eyelzer 远不测醉器 work +welfare = workfare 工作福利 guess + kingdom = filmdom 电影王国 news + program = newsgram 新闻节目

英美报刊阅读教程中级精选本 第五版 端木义万lesson 5 Food and Obesity

Lesson5 Food and Obesity Being fat is be coming the norm for Americans.As it will soon be come in this country, I have seen the future, and it's extra large. By Joan Smith A friend who happens to be both American and a superb cook-his poulet de Bresse en deuil is one of the most memorable dishes I have tasted--called me a couple of days ago,enthusing about a lecture he had just at ended.The thesis,he said,was that the human body has changed irrevocably over the last quarter of a century and that the physical environment—chairs,beds, airline seats-will gradually adapt to accommodate the new shape.It is,of course,in the US, where my friend no longer lives,that this evolutionary experiment is most advanced;for years now, millions of people have been gorging themselves on vast helpings of fast food, with the consequence that about 60 percent of the population is overweight. According to Greg Critser, author of Fat Land：How Americans Became the Fattest People in the Word, none of this has happened by accident. Critser argues that the challenge to the US food industry in the 1970s was that the population was growing more slowly than the food supply, so people had to be persuaded to change their eating habits. Fast food, invented after the Second World War as an affordable way of getting families to eat together, became a means of selling surplus fat and sugar to the far-from-unwilling masses. This is a social revolution on a grand scale as scarcity, with which most human beings have had to struggle throughout history, has given way to an apparently permanent state of plenty. It may also help to explain why the magician David Blaine, suspended without food in a Perspex box beside Tower Bridge,has such a grip on people's imaginations.In an astonishingly short period of time, starvation has metamorphosed from a threat to a spectacle, and families are turning out en mass eat weekends to see how his hunger strike is going. For the fifth of the British population who are obese, and unused to doing without food for more than a few hours, the notion of someone giving it up for 44 days is unthinkable, some normal-size people have turned up to mock, throwing egg, cooking food and even trying to cut off the water supply to the hung American. Perhaps this is the point, that there are so few starving Americans in the world, which makes his self-imposed ordeal appear ludicrously self-indulgent. Yet it is possible to take Critser’s argument a stage further and suggest that millions of Americans are trapped between two industries, fast food and slimming, which enjoy a cosily symbiotic relationship. Research by a fast-food chain showed that what customers cared about was neither taster nor quality but portion size; what they have come to expect from food, and what their neighbours are beginning to want as well-obesity has increased by 158 per cent in Mexico in a decade, since fast food outlets began to replace the traditional diet-is a feeling of being stuffed to the gills. Cooking has become a spectator sport, something to watch famous people do on telly, as the populations of affluent countries rely increasingly on supermarket meals and takeaways. For many people, eating has become an addiction rather than a pleasure, and going on a diet merely replaces on morbid habit with another. In the circumstances, it is not really surprising that people are confused and