大学英语精读第5册第7单元

Unit7

Study & Practice

Ⅱ. Comprehension Questions

1. d

2. b

3. c

4. d

5. b

6. c

7. d

8. d

9. d 10. b

Ⅲ.Vocabulary Activities

1.

1. dense

2. accompanied

3. theses

4. disorderly

5. evoked

6. voluntary

7. intellect

8. in sequence

9. deterioration

10. distinguished himself 11. deviated from 12.lit up

13. over the hill 14. talking shop 15. put…back together

16. uncertain

2.

1. was confined to

2. distinguished himself

3. irresistible

4. accompany

5. accurately

6. (a year) to the day

7. reigned from

8. overwhelmed 12. clumsy 3. come to anything 14. over the hill

15. broke down

3.

1. To my great surprise, they agreed to all our demands.

2. They had to overcome formidable obstacles if they want to finish the task

on time.

3. She managed to maneuver her car into the parking space.

4. The manager’s explanation evoked even greater anger from the employees.

5. When the doctor told him he had lung cancer, Jim was overwhelmed.

6.The new method deviated sharply from the traditional approach and the

results were far more satisfactory.

4.

1. When I was a kid, I was so fascinated with the idea of travelling round the

world that I would spend hours in my grandfather’s spinning the globe and dreaming of the places I would like to visit.

2. A time bomb exploded this afternoon in one of London’s biggest

supermarkets, evoking a great panic among the population.

3. Accompanied by his father, Bill went to the police station ago confessed to

the police officer that he had robbed an old man of his gold watch two weeks before.

4. After getting engaged to Jane, Stephen started working hard for the first

time in his life. And before long he distinguished himself as a young theoretical physicist.

5. Prof. Stone is distinguished for his sternness. But, to everyone’s surprise,

the speech he made at his daughter’s wedding last Saturday was full of wit and humor.

6. It’s amazing that so many people are willing to do voluntary work for the

benefit of the community.

5.

1. broke up

2. broke out

3. have broken through

4. break down

5. broke in

6. broke down

7. had been broken into

8. broke away from 9. broke in 10. breaks up 11. turn into

12. turned in 13. turn up 14. was turned down 15. turning out 16. have turned over 17. turn down 18. had turned over

19. turned out 20. turned over 21. turn in 22. turned up

Ⅳ. Cloze

1. first

2. wheelchair

3. height

4. weigh

5. suffered

6. worsening

7. harmed

8. things

9. is 10. difficult

11. those 12. down 13. hold 14. take 15. if 16. details 17. at 18. to 19. books 20. progress 21. conferences

22. disease 23. stay 24. law 25. difficult 26. simplest

Ⅴ. Error-Correction

1. had-was/had been

2. progress-progressive

3. (carry) on

4. satisfy-satisfying

5. apparent-apparently

6. the-/

7. belief-disbelief 8. annoyed-annoying 9. have-having

10. nurse-nurses

Reading Activity

Exercise A

1. a

2. b

3. a

4. b

5. d

6. c

7. d

8. d

Exercise B

1. e

2. g

3. c

4. h

5. i

6. b

7. j

8. a

9. f 10. d

1. petty

2. Compassion

3. dormant

4. subtleties

5. chronic

6. impending

7. accustomed

8. quiver

9. compulsory 10. phase

大学英语精读第5册问题详解1-8单元最完整版

第一课 大学英语精读第五册课后习题答案（1u）(2010-07-20 13:49:10) 标签：答案教育分类：大学英语 V ocabulary work 一 1. given 2. at a glance 3. fluency 4. Given 5. hopefully 7. define 8. looked him up 9. no good 10. quoted, context 11. guidance 12. immediate 13. disgust 14. come across 15. put into practice 16. scope 二 1. washed his hands of 2. given 3. putting…into practice 4. was confronted with 5. countering 6. were reduced to eating 7. at a glance 8. took refuge in 9. less practicable 10. countered 11. dedication 12. in disgust 13. relied on 14. for their part 15. gave up 三 1. Without suitable entertainment, these young people often get bored and take refuge in drinking and taking drugs. 2. The school washed its hands of the students’ behavior during the spring recess. 3. The innocent girl was reduced to crying at his cruel remarks. 4. Many difficult words are out of the scope of his learner’s dictionary. 5. The thief admitted his guilt as soon as he was confronted with evidence. 6. The incident should be viewed in the wider context of the political turmoil of that time. 四 1. has come down 2. came to 3. comes out 4. come up with 5. come in 6. came across 7. has come about 8. come off 9. come to 10. give up 11. was given back 12. gave away 13. gave out 14. give in 15. gives off/out cloze 1. express 2. both 3. intended 4. still 5. where 6. personal 7. of 8. them 9. make 10. before 11. still 12. before 13. fluent 14. while 15. enough 16. on 17. in 18. In

大学英语精读第三版第二册课后答案

大学英语精读第二册（第三版）book2Unit1答案上海外语教育出版社 一） 1. bare 2. empty 3. empty 4. bare 5. empty 6.empty 二） 1. shortly 2.track down 3.faint 4.motioned 5.at the sight of 6.feel like 7.slamming 8.rang out 9.contract 10.made for 11.heated 12.emerged 三） 1. host 2. sprang up/rang out 3. impulse 4. came to 5. track down 6. unexpected 7. outgrow 8. widened 9. shortly 10. emerge / spring up 11. at the sight of 12. made for 13. crisis 14. colonial 四） 1. Jimmy has outgrown the shirts his aunt made for him a few years ago. 2. Does the doctor think the elderly lady is likely to survive the operation / it is likely that the elderly lady will survive the operation? 3. The other day your cousin paid us an unexpected visit. 4. Don't you see the nurse motioning us to be silent? 5. Her face lit up with joy at his return.

现代大学英语精读第六册 的第四课和第九课课文 原文

Nettles Our farm was small-nine acres. It was small enough for me to have explored every part of it. Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and a presence-the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby. Even the pits on the river flats had their flats had their distinct character. The girls as well as the boys were divided into two sides. Each girl had her own pile of balls and was working for paticular soldiers, and when a soldier fell wounded he would call out a girl’s name, so that she could drag him away and dress his wounds as quickly as possible. I made weapons for Mike, and mine ws the name he called. There was a keen alarm when the cry came, a wire zinging through your whole body, a fanatic feeling of devotion. When Mike was wounded he never opened his eyes. He lay limp and still while I pressed slimy large leaves to his forehead and throat and-pulling out his shirt-to his pale tender stomach, with its sweet and vulnerable belly button. One morning, of course, the job was all finished, the well capped, the pump reinstated, the fresh water marvelled at. And the truck did not come. There were two fewer chairs at the table for the noon meal. Mike and I had barely looked at each other during those meals. He liked to put ketcup on his bread. His father talked to my father, and the talk was mostly about well, accidents, water tables. A serious man. All work, my father said. Yet- he-Mike’s father-ended nearly every speech with a laugh. The laugh had a lonely boom in it, as if he were still down the well. Sunny and I had been friends in Vancouver years before. Our pregnancies had dovetailed, so that we had managed with one set of maternity clothes. In my kitchen or in hers, once a week or so, distracted by our children and sometimes reeling for lack of sleep, we stoked ourselves up on strong coffee and cigarettes and launched out on a rampage of talk about our marriages, our personal deficiencies, our interesting and discreditable motives, and our forgone ambitions. We read Jung at the same time and tried to keep track of our dreams. During that time of life that is supposed to be a reproductive daze, with the woman’s mind all swamped by maternal juices, we were still compelled to discuss Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler and “The Cocktail Party”. He had slept in the guest bedroom the night before but tonight he’d moved downstairs to the fold-out sofa in the front room. Sunny had given him fresh sheets rather than unmarking and making up again the bed he had left for me. Lying in those same sheets did not make for a peaceful night. I knew that he wouldn’t come to see, no matter how small the risk was. It would be a sleazy thing to do, in the house of his friends. And how could he be sure that it was what I wanted? Or that it was what he really wanted? Even I was not sure of it. Up till now, I had always been able to think of myself as a woman who was faithful to the person who she was sleeping with at any given time. My sleep was shallow, my dreams monotonously lustful, with irritating and unpleasant subplots. All night-or at least whenener I woke up-the crickets wre singing outside my windows. At first I thought it was birds. I had lived in cities long enough to have forgotten how crickets can make a perfect waterfall of noise. The bushes right at the edge of the grass looked impenetrable, but close up there were little openings, the narrow paths that animals or people looking for golf balls had made. The ground sloped slightly downward, and we could see a bit of the river. The water was steel gray, and lookedto be rolling. Between it and us there was a meadow of weeds, all in bloom-goldenrod, jewelweed with its red-and-yellow bells, and what I thought were flowering nettles with pinkish-

大学英语精读第五册Unit 2 The Fifth Freedom

这一课的译文还需对照教参修改一下！！ Unit 2 The Fifth Freedom More than three centuries ago a handful of（少数）pioneers(先驱者)crossed the ocean to Jamestown and Plymouth in search of freedoms they were unable to find in their own countries, the freedom we still cherish(珍视)today: freedom from want, freedom from fear, freedom of speech, freedom of religion(宗教)。Today the descendants(后代) of the early settlers （早期殖民者），and those who have joined them since ,are fighting to （斗争）protect（保卫）these freedom at home and throughout the world.（国内国外）（300多年前，少数拓荒者穿过大洋来到詹姆斯顿和普利茅斯，寻找他们在国内不能找到的自由，这些也是我们今天仍然珍视的自由：免于匮乏的自由，免于恐惧的自由，言论自由，宗教自由。今天这些早期殖民者的后代们和那些后来加入他们行列的人们还在国内国外为保卫这些自由而斗争。） And yet there is a fifth freedom----basic to those four ---that we are in danger of (处于--危险中)losing: the freedom to be one's best（达到自己最佳水平的自由）（然而，我们正面临失去第五种自由的危险，它是上述四种自由的基础，这种自由是：达到自己最佳水平的自由）.St. Exupery(埃克苏佩里)

大学英语精读第三版第一册Book1 Unit 8答案

大学英语精读第三版第一册Book1 Unit 8答案 III Vocabulary Activities 1．1)e 2)a 3)c 4)g 5)d 6)f 7)b 2．1) instantly 2) absolute 3) privacy 4) approaching 5) indicates 6) acquire 7) astonished 8) avoid 9) Confidence 10) expose 11) slight 12) hint 13) range 14) slapped 3．1) scrape together 2) in search of 3) hold back 4) robbed of 5) think over 6) came upon 7) come true 8) express their sincere gratitude IV Enriching your wordpower: 1．1) surprised 2) surprise 3) Surprisingly 4) surprised 5) surprising 6) surprise 1) pleasantly 2) please 3) pleasing 4) pleasure 5) pleasant 1)admire 2) admiration，admire，admire 3) admirable 4) admiring 5)admiringly 6) admired 1) astonishingly 2) astonishing 3) astonishment 4) astonish 5) astonished 2．1) hand-written 2) hand-held 3) hand-made 4) weather-beaten 5) tongue-tied

大学英语精读第五册

大学英语精读第五册 Unit 2 Translation Chinese to English 1.我认为向他求助是不现实的。事实上，他自己也需要帮助。 I don’t think it is realistic to turn to him for help．As a matter of fact, he himself is in need of help． 2.越来越多的人正在意识到与空气污染作斗争的迫切需要。 More and more people are being awakened to the urgent need of combating air pollution. 3.有明显的迹象表明一些古老的传统和价值观念采不再被年轻人珍视。 There are visible signs that some of the time-honored old traditions and values are no longer cherished by the young people. 4．我们许多人觉得宇宙无限这一概念难以理解。 Many of us find the notion of a boundless universe hard to grasp． 5. 因为法律和规章中有许多漏洞(loophole)，一小撮投机倒把者一夜之间暴富就没 有什么奇怪了。 There being so many loopholes in the laws and regulations, it is little wonder that a handful of speculators got rich overnight． 6. 旅游事业的空前兴旺使这个从前只住有三百人的边境小镇突然繁荣起来。 An unprecedented boom in tourism brought sudden prosperity to the small border town, which was formerly inhabited by only three hundred people. 7．根据这一信息，该国已经具有制造核武器的能力。 In the light of the information, that country already has the capabilities to make nuclear weapons. 8.他不顾朋友的反复警告，把所有的钱都投向了高风险企业。 Regardless of repeated warnings from his friends，he staked all his money on high-risk ventures. 大学英语精读第五册 Unit 4 TRANSLATION Chinese to English 1. 有人说对于不公正的批评的最好反映是原谅和忘却（不念旧恶）。 Somebody says that the best response to unfair criticies is to forgive and forget. 2. 天哪，你为什么不给我打电话？ For God’s sake, why didn’t you call you? 3．绝望之中，我一脚把门踢开，结果发现他躺在床上，已经昏迷不醒。 I kicked the door open with desperation, and found him lying in the bed unconciously. 4．那机修工气愤地把工具扔到一边，再也不肯干了。

(完整版)大学英语精读第一册课后练

大学英语精读第一册课后练习部分答案 Unit 1 Cloze (A) 1. aware 2. performance 3. average 4. adequate 5. set aside 6. mentions 7.look over 8. commit (B) 1. if/once 2. about 3. it 4. know 5. up 6. as 7. from 8. words 9. into 10.other 11. for 12. when Translation 1、他这次考试的失败使他意识到定期复习功课的重要。 His failure in the exam has made him aware of the importance of reviewing his lessons regularly. 2、请一定不要忘记离家前你父母对你说过的话。 Be sure not to forget what your parents said to you before you left home.3、我确信她的英语知识对这项工作来说是足够的了。 I'm sure her knowledge of English is adequate for the job. 4、这篇文章的目的是告诉学生怎样培养良好的学习习惯。 The purpose of this article is to tell the students how to develop good study habits. 5、在当今时代，人们越来越多地依靠计算机(computers)来解决各种各样的问题。 In our age, people depend more and more on computers to solve various kinds of difficult problems.

大学英语精读第5册规范标准答案8单元汇编版

-* 第一课 大学英语精读第五册课后习题答案（1u）(2010-07-20 13:49:10)转载 标签：答案教育分类：大学英语 V ocabulary work 一 1. given 2. at a glance 3. fluency 4. Given 5. hopefully 7. define 8. looked him up 9. no good 10. quoted, context 11. guidance 12. immediate 13. disgust 14. come across 15. put into practice 16. scope 二 1. washed his hands of 2. given 3. putting…into practice 4. was confronted with 5. countering 6. were reduced to eating 7. at a glance 8. took refuge in 9. less practicable 10. countered 11. dedication 12. in disgust 13. relied on 14. for their part 15. gave up 三 1. Without suitable entertainment, these young people often get bored and take refuge in drinking and taking drugs. 2. The school washed its hands of the students’ behavior during the spring recess. 3. The innocent girl was reduced to crying at his cruel remarks. 4. Many difficult words are out of the scope of his learner’s dictionary. 5. The thief admitted his guilt as soon as he was confronted with evidence. 6. The incident should be viewed in the wider context of the political turmoil of that time. 四 1. has come down 2. came to 3. comes out 4. come up with 5. come in 6. came across 7. has come about 8. come off 9. come to 10. give up 11. was given back 12. gave away 13. gave out 14. give in 15. gives off/out cloze 1. express 2. both 3. intended 4. still 5. where 6. personal 7. of 8. them 9. make 10. before 11. still 12. before 13. fluent 14. while 15. enough 16. on 17. in 18. In

大学英语精读第一册课文翻译

大学英语精读第一册课 文翻译 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】

第一单元 课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其实。 学习英语的几种策略 学习英语决非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种： 1．不要以完全相同的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说“我对英语感兴趣”是“I’m interested in English”，而说“我精于法语”则是“I’m good at French”你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说“获悉消息或密秘”是“learn the news or secret”,而“获悉某人的成功或到来”却是“learn of someone’s success or arrival”这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。 3．每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后在反复地听。你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的东西。

现代大学英语精读第六册课文翻译

现代大学英语精读6课文翻译 1如何使我们不为穷人的存在而内疚 约翰·肯尼斯·高伯瑞(加尔布雷斯) 1.我很愿意严肃地考虑一种人类最古老的活动，这项活动持续了多年，实际上已经超过了几个世纪，那就是尝试怎样使我们不为穷人的存在而内疚。 2.贫穷和富有从一开始就共生在一起，彼此很不愉快有时还充满危险。普鲁塔克曾说，“贫富失衡乃共和政体最致命的宿疾。”富有和贫穷持续共存产生的问题，特别是如何证明在其 他人还贫穷时我们富有是有道理的这一问题，成为有思想有学问的人几百年来孜孜不倦地思 考探索的问题。直至当代状况依然如此。 3.《圣经》提出了最初的解决之道，在现世遭受贫穷的人来世会得到更好的回报。他们的贫穷是暂时的灾难，如果贫穷但却能顺从，他们将来就会成为世界的主人。在某种程度上这就是最理想的解决办法。由此，富人就可以一边嫉妒穷人的美好前途一边享受他们的财富。 4.很长时间之后，即在1776年《国富论》发表的二三十年之后——在英国工业革命开始 之后，贫富不均的问题及其解决办法开始具有了现代的形式。杰罗米·边沁，这位与亚当·斯密几乎是同时代的人，提出了这样一种准则，在某种程度上，美国人认为这一准则在英国几 乎50年来一直影响显著。这就是实用主义学说。“通过实用的原则，”边沁在1789年指出，“也就是通过这一原则来赞成或否定任何一种应运而生的看来似乎必定会增加或减少政党 幸福的行为或做法，尽管政党的利益总是在讨论之中。”实用，实际上一定是以自我为中心的。然而，社会中只有少数人拥有大量财富，却有更多人没有财富。只要遵循边沁的话—— “最大的利益给最多的人”，就能够解决社会问题。社会尽力满足更多的人，人们接受对于 很多利益没被满足的人来说，结果极其不幸。 5.在19世纪30年代，一种新的准则成为使我们不为穷人的存在感到内疚的有效办法，迄今为止它的影响也丝毫没有减弱。这是与股票家大卫·李嘉图和T·R·马尔萨斯神父联系 在一起的。它的本质很为人们所熟悉，穷人的贫穷是他们自己的错误。贫穷是他们过度生育 的结果。很遗憾，他们不能控制性欲，过度生育把地球具有的养活人口的能力推向极限。 6.这就是人口论。生育引起的贫穷意味着富人不应该为贫穷的产生和解决承担责任。然而，马尔萨斯本人并不是缺乏责任感的人，他极力主张婚姻的仪式应该包括对过度或不负责任的 性生活的警告——公平地讲，是一种警告，因为它还没有被看做是一种完全有效的控制生育 的方法。在近代，罗纳德·里根曾经说过控制人口的最佳形式存在于市场。(热恋中的夫妇应该上梅西百货公司，而不是回到新房。)应该说，马尔萨斯的建议至少沾点边。 7.19世纪中叶，一种新的解决这一问题的方案产生了很大影响，在美国影响尤其强烈。 这一学说与赫伯特·斯宾塞的名字联系在一起，就是社会学中的进化论。在经济生活中如同在生物进化过程中一样，主导的规律是适者生存。“适者生存”这个短语实际上并不出自查 尔斯·达尔文，而是出自斯宾塞，后者表达了对经济生活的看法。穷人被淘汰是大自然种族 进化的方式。弱的、不幸的人灭亡了，人类家庭的质量就会提高。 8.最著名的美国达尔文社会进化论的发言人之一约翰·洛克菲勒一一第一个洛克菲勒一一 在一次著名的演讲中说，“美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒，赞不绝口。而她之 所以能被培植出来，就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾被掐掉了。在经济生活中情况亦是如此。

大学英语精读第五册课后习题答案

第一课 Vocabulary work 一 1. given 2. at a glance 3. fluency 4. Given 5. hopefully 7. define 8. looked him up 9. no good 10. quoted, context 11. guidance 12. immediate 13. disgust 14. come across 15. put into practice 16. scope 二 1. washed his hands of 2. given 3. putting…into practice 4. was confronted with 5. countering 6. were reduced to eating 7. at a glance 8. took refuge in 9. less practicable 10. countered 11. dedication 12. in disgust 13. relied on 14. for their part 15. gave up 三 1. Without suitable entertainment, these young people often get bored and take refuge in drinking and taking drugs. 2. The school washed its hands of the students’ behavior during the sp ring recess. 3. The innocent girl was reduced to crying at his cruel remarks. 4. Many difficult words are out of the scope of his learner’s dictionary. 5. The thief admitted his guilt as soon as he was confronted with evidence. 6. The incident should be viewed in the wider context of the political turmoil of that time. 四 1. has come down 2. came to 3. comes out 4. come up with 5. come in 6. came across 7. has come about 8. come off 9. come to 10. give up 11. was given back 12. gave away 13. gave out 14. give in 15. gives off/out cloze 1. express 2. both 3. intended 4. still 5. where 6. personal 7. of 8. them 9. make 10. before 11. still 12. before 13. fluent 14. while 15. enough 16. on 17. in 18. In 19. Find 20. Who 21. carefully 22. to

大学英语精读第一册(第三版)答案

大学英语精读第三版(上海外语教育出版社董亚芬主编)第一册答案Book 1 Unit 1 Study&Practice Vocabulary Activities 1. 1)e 2)g 3)j 4)a 5)b 6)i 7)c 8)d 9)h 10)f 2. 1) handling 2) summarized 3) process 4) absorb 5) are bound to 6) feel free 7) for instance 8) strategies 9) complained 10) has committed... to memory 11) Nevertheless 12) rely... on 13) Apart from 14) command 3. 1) over and over again 2) at a time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for 5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition to 8) in detail Enriching Your Word Power 1. 1)action 2)employ 3)announce 4)examination 5)communication 6)express 7)compose 8)improvement 9)concentration 10)management 11)consider 12)motivate 13)development

15)discuss 16)operate 17)division 18)production 19)educate 20)repeat 2. 1) a) additional b) add c) addition d) addition 2) a) effectively b) effect c) effective d) effect 3) a)helpful b) help c) helpless d) help e) helplessly f) helpfully g) helpful 4) a) reliant b) reliable c) reliance, reliable d) relies e) reliably 5) a) repetition b) repeating c) repeatedly d) repeated e) repetition Usage 1) In my opinion 2) According to Mary 3) In our opinion 4) According to today’s papers 5) In most doctors’ opinion ( According to most doctors) Structure 1. 1) Shakespeare was not only a dramatist but also an actor. 2) Miss Crain not only took me home in her car, but also came the next day to see if I had recovered. 3) Hainan Island attracts tourists not only in winter but also in summer. 4) There is always a black market not only in Britain, but also in other European countries. 5) At the Athens Olympics in 2004, Liu Xiang not only won a gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles, but also broke the Olympic record. 2. 1) It is true that your sentences are all gramma tically correct, but they don’t make any sense. 2) It is true that they lost that battle, but they still went on fighting. 3) It is true that Tom’s very clever and hardworking, but I still don’t think he is the right person for the job. 4) It is true that learning English is by no means easy, but we can make the task easier by using some learning strategies. Cloze 1. 1) strategies 2) frequently 3) over and over again 4) commit to memory 5) acquaintance 6) watch out for 7) communicate 8) process

大学英语精读第6册课文全文翻译-中英对照

大学英语精读第6册全文课文翻译 THE QUEST FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE Through all of our history we have pondered the stars and mused whether humanity is unique or if, somewhere else in the dark of the ni ght sky, there are other beings who con template and wonder as we do, fellow thinkers in the cosmos. Such beings might view themselves and the uni verse differe ntly. Somewhere else there might be very exotic biologies and tech no logies and societies. In a cosmic setting vast and old beyond ordinary huma n un dersta nding, we are a little Ion ely; and we ponder the ultimate significanee, if any, of our tiny but exquisite blue pla net. The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is the search for a gen erally acceptable cosmic con text for the huma n species. In the deepest sen se, the search for extraterrestrial in tellige nce is a search for ourselves. In the last few years -- in one-millionth the lifetime of our species on this planet -- we have achieved an extraord inary tech no logical capability which en ables us to seek out uni mag in ably dista nt civilizati ons even if they are no more adva need tha n we. That capability is called radio astr onomy and in volves sin gle radio telescopes, collecti ons or arrays of radio telescopes, sen sitive radio detectors, advaneed computers for processing received date, and the imagi natio n and skill of dedicated scie ntists. Radio astronomy has in the last decade opened a new window on the physical uni verse. It may also, if we are wise eno ugh to make the effort, cast a profo und light on the biological uni verse. Some scie ntists work ing on the questi on of extraterrestrial intelligence, myself among them, have attempted to estimate the number of advaneed technical civilizatio ns -- defi ned operati on ally as societies capable of radio astronomy -- in the Milky Way Galaxy. Such estimates are little better than guesses. They require assigning numerical values to quantities such as the numbers and ages of stars; the abundance of planetary systems and the likelihood of the origin of life, which we know less well; and the probability of the evoluti on of in tellige nt life and the lifetime of technical civilizations, about which we know very little in deed. When we do the arithmetic, the sorts of nu mbers we come up with are, characteristically, around a million technical civilizations. A million civilizations is a breathtakingly large number, and it is exhilarating to imagine the diversity, lifestyles and commerce of those million worlds. But the Milky Way Galaxy contains some 250 billi on stars, and eve n with a million civilizations, less than one star in 200,000 would 探寻外星人 自从人类有历史记载以来，我们一直在思索着星星，反复考虑是否只有人类存在，或者说在太空深处的某个地方是否存在其他同我们一样在不停地思索着的生命，也就是宇宙中跟我们一起思考的人。这样的人可能对自己和宇宙算法不同。在别的什么地方可能存在着非常奇异的生物、技术和社会。我们在一种空间和时间都超出人类理解的宇宙环境里感到有点孤独。我们深思着根本的意义，我们这个渺小的但精巧的蓝色星。 探寻外星人就是为人类寻找一个普遍能接受的宇宙环境。从最深层次的意义来说，探寻外星人就是寻找我们自己。 在过去的几年中在我们人类生活在这个星球上的百万分之一的时间里，一一我们已经具有了一种非凡的能力。这种技术能力能使我们搜寻到无比遥远的文明世界，即使他们和我们一样不先进。 这种技术能力叫做射电天文学。匕涉及到单架射望远镜、阵列射电望远镜、高灵敏度的无线电探测器，用于处理接收的信息的先进计算机以及全身心投入的科学家们的想象力和技能。射电天文学在过去的十年中已经打开了一个研究宇宙的新窗口。如果我们充分发挥自己的聪明才智去努力，它可能会帮助我们弄清楚宇宙生物世界。一些研究外星人问题的科学家，包括我自己，都已努力设法对银河系的先进技术文明社会的数目进行了估计一一先进技术文明社会定义为具有射民天文学能力的社会。这样的估计比猜想强不了多少。 它们要求将这些情况数字化，诸如星球的数量和年龄，有多少个行星系、生命起源的可能性有多大，这些我们较少知道：还有智慧生物进化的可能性和技术文明世界的寿命，这些我们近乎一无所知。 当我们进行计算时我们得出的这类数字是很有特点的大约有一百万个文明世界。想象一下这百万个文明世界的五花八门、这真令人兴奋，各种生活方式以及商业，可是银河系有大约二千五百亿个恒星，即使有一百万个文明世界，可每二十万