研究生学术英语俾斯麦号英文翻译概述

Abstract (2)

Characteristics (3)

Service History (3)

Discovery by Robert Ballard (6)

Subsequent expeditions (7)

Conclusion (8)

Abstract

My paper will introduce you some situation about the ship of Bismark.Bismar ck was the first of two Bismarck-class battleships built for Germany's marine. Na med after Chancellor Bismarck, the primary force behind the unification of Ger many in 1871, the ship was laid down at the Blohm shipyard in Hamburg in Ju ly 1936 and launched in February 1939. Work was completed in August 1940, when she was commissioned into the German fleet. Bismarck and her sister s hip Tirpitz were the largest battleships ever built by Germany, and two of the largest built by any European power.

In the course of the warship's eight-month career under its sole commanding officer Lindemann,Bismarck conducted only one offensive operation, in May 1 941, code named Rheinübung. The ship, along with the heavy cruiser Prinz Eu gen, was to break into the Atlantic Ocean and raid Allied shipping from Nort h America to Great Britain. The two ships were detected several times off Sca ndinavia, and British naval units were deployed to block their route. At the Ba ttle of the Denmark Strait, Bismarck engaged and destroyed the battlecruiser H MS Hood, the pride of the Royal Navy, and forced the battleship HMS Prince of Wales to retreat; Bismarck was hit three times and suffered an oil leak from a ruptured tank.

Characteristics

Bismarck displaced 41,700t as built and 50,300t fully loaded, with an overall len gth of 251m, a beamof 36m and a maximum draft of 9.9m.The battleship was Germany's largest warship,and displaced more than any other European battle ship, with the exception of HMS, commissioned after the end of the war.Bism arck was powered by three Blohm geared steam turbines and twelve oil-fired Wagner superheated boilers, which developed a total of 110,450 kW and yield ed a maximum speed of 30.01 knots on speed trials. The ship had a cruising range of 8,870 nautical miles at 19 knots.Bismarck was equipped with three Fu MO 23 search radar sets, mounted on the forward and stern rangefinders and foretop.The standard crew numbered 103 officers and 1,962 enlisted men. The crew was divided into twelve divisions of between 180 and 220 men. Whe

n Bismarck left port, fleet staff, prize crews, and war correspondents increased t he crew complement to over 2,200 men.

Service History

On 15 September 1940, three weeks after her commissioning, Bismarck left Ha mburg to begin sea trials in Kiel Bay.Sperrbrecher 13 escorted the ship to Arco na on 28 September, and then on to Gotenhafen for trials in the Gulf of Danzi g//但泽（波兰港市）港口.The ship's power-plant was given a thorough workout; Bis marck made measured-mile and high speed runs. While her stability and man oeuvrability//机动性were being tested, a flaw in the ship's design was discove red. While attempting to steer//control the ship solely through altering propell

er//螺旋桨 revolutions, the crew learned that Bismarck could be kept on course only with great difficulty. Even with the outboard screws running at full pow er in opposite directions, they generated only a slight turning ability.Bismarck' s main battery guns were first test-fired in late November. The tests proved s he was a very stable gun platform.Trials lasted until December; Bismarck retur ned to Hamburg, arriving on 9 December, for minor alterations and the com pletion of the fitting-out process.

The ship was scheduled to return to Kiel on 24 January 1941, but a merchant vessel had been sunk in the Kiel Canal and prevented usage of the waterway. Severe weather hampered efforts to remove the wreck, and Bismarck was not able to reach Kiel//基尔（联邦德国港市）until March.The delay greatly frustrated Li ndemann, who remarked that "Bismarck had been tied down at Hamburg//汉堡for five weeks ... the precious time at sea lost as a result cannot be made up, and a significant delay in the final war deployment of the ship thus is un avoidable."While waiting to reach Kiel, Bismarck hosted Captain Anders Forshell, the Swedish naval attaché to Berlin. He returned to Sweden with a detailed description of the ship, which was subsequently leaked to Britain by pro-Britis h elements in the Swedish Navy. The information provided the Royal Navy wit h its first full description of the vessel, although it lacked specificity on impor tant facts, including top speed, radius of action, and displacement.

On 6 March, Bismarck received the order to steam to Kiel. While on route, the ship was escorted by several fighters and a pair of armed merchant vessels, a long with an icebreaker. At 08:45 on 8 March, Bismarck briefly ran a ground o n the southern shore of the Kiel, though she was freed within an hour. The s hip reached Kiel the following day, where her crew stocked ammunition, fuel, and other supplies and applied a coat of dazzle paint to camouflage her. Britis h bombers attacked the harbour without success on 12 March.On 17 March, t he old battleship Schlesien, now used as an icebreaker, escorted Bismarck thro ugh the ice to Gotenhafen, where the latter continued combat readiness traini ng.

The Naval High Command, commanded by Admiral, intended to continue the practice of using heavy ships as surface raiders against Allied merchant traffic in the Atlantic Ocean. The two Scharnhorst-class battleships were based in Br est, France, at the time, having just completed Operation Berlin, a major raid i nto the Atlantic. Bismarck's sister ship Tirpitz rapidly approached completion. Bi smarck and Tirpitz were to sortie from the Balticand rendezvous with the two S charnhorst-class ships in the Atlantic; the operation was initially scheduled for around 25 April 1941, when a new moon period would make conditions mor e favourable.

Work on Tirpitz was completed later than anticipated, and she was not commi ssioned until 25 February; the ship was not ready for combat until late in the year. To further complicate the situation, Gneisenau was torpedoed while in B rest and damaged further by bombs when in drydock. Scharnhorst required a boiler overhaul following Operation Berlin; the workers discovered during the overhaul that the boilers were in worse condition than expected. She would a lso be unavailable for the planned sortie.Attacks by British bombers on suppl y depots in Kiel delayed repairs to the heavy cruisers Admiral Scheer and Adm iral Hipper. The two ships would not be ready for action until July or August. Admiral, fleet chef of the marine, chosen to lead the operation, wished to del ay the operation at least until either Scharnhorst became available,but the OK M decided to proceed with the operation, codenamed Operation, with a force consisting of only Bismarck and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen.At a final meeti ng with Raeder in Paris on 26 April, Lütjens was encouraged by his command er-in-chief to proceed and he eventually decided that an operation should be gin as soon as possible to prevent the enemy gaining any respite.

Discovery by Robert Ballard

The wreck of Bismarck was discovered on 8 June 1989 by Dr. Robert Ballard, t he oceanographer responsible for finding RMS Titanic.Bismarck was found to b e resting upright at a depth of approximately 4,791m,about 650 km west of B rest. The ship struck an extinct underwater volcano, which rose some 1,000m

above the surrounding abyssal plain, triggering a 2km landslide. Bismarck slid d own the mountain, coming to a stop two-thirds down.

The whole stern had broken away; as it was not near the main wreckage and as of 2015 had not been found, it can be assumed this did not occur on im pact with the sea floor. The missing section came away roughly where the tor pedo had hit, raising questions of possible structural failure.The stern area ha d also received several hits, increasing the torpedo damage. This, coupled wit h the fact the ship sank "stern first" and had no structural support to hold it in place, suggests the stern detached at the surface. In 1942 Prinz Eugen was also torpedoed in the stern, which subsequently collapsed. This prompted a strengthening of the stern structures on all German capital ships.

Subsequent expeditions

Despite their sometimes differing viewpoints, these experts generally agree th at Bismarck would have eventually foundered if the Germans had not scuttled her first. Ballard estimated that Bismarck could still have floated for at least a day when the British vessels ceased fire and could have been captured by th e Royal Navy, a position supported by the historian Kennedy. Kennedy stated, "That she would have foundered eventually there can be little doubt; but th e scuttling ensured that it was sooner rather than later."When asked whethe r Bismarck would have sunk if the Germans had not scuttled the ship, Camero

n replied "Sure. But it might have taken half a day."In Mearns' subsequent bo ok Hood and Bismarck, he conceded that scuttling "may have hastened the in evitable, but only by a matter of minutes."Ballard later concluded that "As far as I was concerned, the British had sunk the ship regardless of who delivere d the final blow."

Conclusion

In my opinion,in a word,from the ship of Bismark,I think war is not just a ma tter of two persons or two-family fight. it is related to so many victims' inter ests.As a leader, one must always think for all the people, so will his country be prosperous for always.So,we must cherish the peace.

2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析

2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析 考研历年真题一定要用好，研究好。结合大纲和真题来选择辅导用书是最明智的。本文带大家回顾2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析： Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. (48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity int o the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours. Boiling down an individual’s o utput to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science. 46-50参考答案及解析：

学术英语 课文翻译

U8 A 1 在过去的30年里，作为一个专业的大提琴演奏家，我花了相当于整整20年时间在路上执行和学习音乐传统和文化。我的旅行使我相信在我们的全球化的世界中，文化传统来自于一个身份、社会稳定和富有同情心的互动的基本框架。 2 世界在快速改变，正如我们一定会创造不稳定的文化，让人质疑他们的地方。全球化使我们服从于别人的规则，这往往会威胁到个人的身份。这自然使我们紧张，因为这些规则要求我们改变传统习惯。所以如今全球领导者的关键问题是：如何使习惯和文化发展到融入更大的行星，同时不必牺牲鲜明特色和个人的骄傲？ 3 我的音乐旅程提醒了我，全球化带来的相互作用不只是摧毁文化；他们能够创造新的文化，生机，传播存在已久的传统。这不像生态“边缘效应”，它是用来描述两个不同的生态系统相遇发生了什么，例如，森林和草原。在这个接口，那里是最小密度和生命形式的最大的多样性，每种生物都可以从这两个生态系统的核心作画。有时最有趣的事情发生在边缘。在交叉口可以显示意想不到的连接。 4 文化是一个由世界每个角落的礼物组成的织物。发现世界的一种方式是例如通过深入挖掘其传统。例如音乐方面，在任何的大提琴演奏家的曲目的核心是由巴赫大提琴组曲。每个组件的核心是一个称为萨拉班德舞曲的舞蹈动作。这种舞蹈起源于北非的柏柏尔人的音乐，它是一个缓慢的、性感的舞蹈。它后来出现在西班牙，在那里被禁止，因为它被认为是下流的。西班牙人把它带到了美洲，也去了法国，在那里成为一个优雅的舞蹈。在1720年，巴赫公司的萨拉班德在他的大提琴组曲运动。今天，我扮演巴赫，一个巴黎裔美国人的中国血统的音乐家。所以谁真正拥有的萨拉班德？每一种文化都采用了音乐，使其具有特定的内涵，但每一种文化都必须共享所有权：它属于我们所有人。 5 1998年，我从丝绸之路发现在数千年来从地中海和太平洋许多文化间观念的流动。当丝绸之路合奏团执行，我们试图把世界上大部分集中在一个阶段。它的成员是一个名家的同等团体，大师的生活传统是欧洲、阿拉伯、阿塞拜疆、亚美尼亚、波斯、俄罗斯、中亚、印度、蒙古、中国、韩国或日本。他们都慷慨地分享他们的知识，并好奇和渴望学习其他形式的表达。 6 在过去的几年里，我们发现每一个传统都是成功的发明的结果。确保传统的生存的一个最好的方法是由有机进化，目前利用我们所有可用的工具。通过录音和电影；通过驻在博物馆、大学、设计学校和城市；通过表演从教室到体育场，合奏的音乐家，包括我自己，学习有用的技能。回到家中，我们和其他人分享这些技能，确保我们的传统在文化桌上有一席之地。 7 我们发现，在本国执行传统出口的是国外激励从业者。最重要的是，我们对彼此的音乐发展出了激情，并建立了相互尊重、友谊和信任的纽带，每一次我们都在舞台上这都是可触及的。这种欢乐的互动是为了一个理想的共同的更大的目标：我们始终能够通过友好的对话解决任何分歧。我们相互开放，我们形成一个桥进入陌生的传统，驱逐往往伴随着变化和错位的恐惧。换句话说，当我们扩大我们看世界的镜头的时候，我们更好地了解自己，自己的生活和文化。我们与我们的小星球的遥远的行星有更多的共同分享，而不是我们意识到的。 8 发现这些共同的文化是很重要的，但不只是为了艺术的缘故。所以我们的许多城市，不仅是伦敦，纽约，东京，现在即使甚至是中小城市正在经历着移民潮。我们将如何吸取同化有自己独特的习惯的人群？移民不可避免地会导致抵抗和冲突，就像过去一样？有什么关于德国的土耳其人口的阿尔巴尼亚人在意大利，北非人在西班牙和法国？文化繁荣的引擎可以帮助我们找出如何集合可以和平融合，同时不牺牲个性身份。这不是政治正确性。它是关于对人而言什么是珍贵的承认，和每一个文化已经给予我们世界的礼物。

英语翻译概论

翻译概论 Warming-up exercises: Translate the followings 1 You are what you think 2 Your abilities count, but the belief that yo u can succeed affects whether or not you will. 3 It’s a pattern of thinking learned at your mother’s knee. I翻译的定义 1.Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language. 即“将一种语言的篇章材料替换为与之对等的另一种语言的篇章材料”。翻译是运用一种语言把用另一种语言文字所表达的思想内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。它是一门科学，具有描述性；同时它也是一门艺术，因为它具有创造性。

II翻译原则或标准：严复理论 1 信(truthfulness/faithfulness)：忠实原文（对原文的思想不歪曲也不要任意增减；对原文的风格不随意改动，即粗糙的不译成高雅，口语体不译成书面体） 2 达(expressiveness)：语言通顺畅达（译文应该按照译语的语法和习惯来遣词造句；译文避免生搬硬套，应该通顺流畅） Eg . John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game. 约翰值得信赖。他忠诚而正直(守规矩)。 3 雅(elegance)：文字古雅/ 切（closeness） 总之，做英译汉时，按中国人的说话思维方式，把内容用通俗的汉语顺畅地表达出来；反之亦然。 1. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to have much more detailed information about courses and more advice.

研究生学术综合英语课文翻译unit1-4

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2020年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析

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的实践性。翻译理论与实践的关系是辨证的；翻译理论产生于翻译实践，反过来 又指导实践，实践转过来又丰富翻译理论。可以说，没有社会实践就不会有翻译 理论的产生；没有翻译理论作为指导，翻译实践就会难免走弯路。因此，学好翻 译既要重视翻译理论的学习，又要加强翻译实践；理论联系实际，这是我们学好 翻译的必由之路。 二、为什么可能有翻译 翻译是人类社会发展和进步的需要，因为人类社会要发展进步就需要在不同 文化的民族之间进行沟通，而这一全过程都离不开翻译。正如Steiner 和张培基 所说的那样：Translating it is that openeth the window, to let in the light; that breaketh the shell, that we may eat the kernel. (Steiner) 翻译是沟通各族人民的思 想，促进政治、经济、文化、科学、技术交流的重要手段，也是进行国际斗争的 必要武器。翻译是学习好外语的重要手段之一，也是探讨两种语言对应关系的一 门学科。(张培基等)

研究生英语综合教程(上)熊海虹课后部分翻译答案 (1)1

第一单元 “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝