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华北电力大学科技英语翻译题库

华北电力大学科技英语翻译题库
华北电力大学科技英语翻译题库

2018<科技英汉互译教程>上篇期末考试范围

P.23例2

This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments, and deserves special consideration.

这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中,因此值得专门考虑一下。

P.24 例3

If the reaction took hours, and not seconds, the fuel costs would be prohibitive.

如果这一反应要花费数小时,而不是几秒钟,燃料费就太高了。

例7

Keep the batteries in dry places, and electricity may not be made to leak away.

(如果)把蓄电池放在干燥的地方,就不会漏电。

这种句式中,祈使句表示条件,and后面的句子表示结果,可译为“如果……,就……”,或者“……就”。

P.25例12

In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.

换言之,矿物就是存在于地球上,但须经过挖握、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。

例14

The solar wind grossly distorts the earth's magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail.

太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化,将它向外拉牵,扯出一条长尾。

译文中将分词短语译成了动词并列式分句(或后续分句),即在一个主语下使用两个或两个以上的并列动词,用逗号隔开。

P.26 例17

The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction.

用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦,会大幅度减少摩擦力。

例20

An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science.

要了解科学研究最本质的特点,最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。

P.27 例23

The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste on which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth.

月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界,是一片多山的不毛之地。在酷热的白昼,太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰,而浸长的严寒却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。

原句中含有4个分句:由关系代词that引导的定语从句,修饰a world;介词on+关系代词which引导的定语从句,修饰a world的同位语a sterile mountainous waste;关系副词where 引导的定语从句,也修饰a sterile mountainous waste;so…that引导的结果状语从句。

例24

Computing machines are essentially machines for recording numbers, operating with numbers, and giving the result in numerical form.

计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。

原句中有三个介词,其中介词for省略不译。

P.29 例29

The ON condition makes the data equipment ready to the communication equipment to be connected to the communication channel.

数据(存储)设备在接通状态时通过通道与通信设备连接。

原句中的on指设备的接通状态,使句子形象、简洁,很容易理解。

例30

Then the surgeon cut him open and took out the appendix and stitched him up again

医生切开他的腹部,制除了阑尾,又把他腹部缝好。

原文中使用him以全部代替部分,译为“他的腹部”为妥。

P.30 例32

It is very much like communicating with an accurate robot who has a very small vocabulary and takes everything literally.

这就像和一丝不苟的机器人说话,机器人只有很少的词汇,而且你怎么说他就怎么做。

原句中的robot是无生命的机器,不是人,在此采取拟人手法,用副词literally修饰,生动、形象。

P.32 例5

Design is a series of operations involved in taking a product from a conceptual stage to a form that meets both company goals and customer expectations.

设计是一系列的操作,包含该产品从构思阶段到同时满足公司目标和客户期望的结构样式。例8

After the spring has been close to its solid height, the compressive force is removed.

弹簧被压缩到接近并紧高度(压并高度)之后就没有压力了。

原句中solid height的意思在汉译时做了技术性引中,翻译为“并紧高度”。

P.33例12

Dimensioning is a complicated work and long experiences are required for the mastering of it.

尺寸标注是一项复杂的工作,需要有长期经验才能完成。

英语中的动名词是由动词变形而来的,其动作性已经高度抽象化,在汉译时应该增加表动作的动词。原句中的dimensioning就是抽象化了的动名词,在翻译时增加“进行”二字。

例14

Semiconductors devices have no filament or heaters and therefore require no heating power or warmed up time.

半导体器件没有灯丝,因此不需要加热功率或加热时间。

原句中的heaters属于重复性词语,在汉译时省略了heater。

例15

The diameter and the length of the wire are not the only factors to influence its resistance.

导线的直径和长度不是影响电阻的唯一因素。

原句中的物主代词its在汉译时省略,属于省译法。

P.34 例20

As noted previously, the catalyst in the first reactor can be divided into two beds, with an intermediate liquid quench, where high reactivity of the charge makes close temperature control mandatory.

前面已经指出,在电荷具有很高反应能力而必须严格控制温度的场合,第一反应器中的催化剂可以分为两层,并在中间采用液体冷却。

大学英语四六级翻译--科技类词汇(精炼版)

四六级翻译——科技类词汇 1.科技园science and technology park 2.高新技术开发区high-tech industrial zones 3.信息产业IT (Information Technology) 4.电器设备electrical appliance 5.电子设备electronic device 6.电子商务e-commerce 7.人工智能artificial intelligience 8.先进技术advanced technology 9.尖端技术state-of-the-art technology 10.载人航天飞行manned space flight 11.发射成功successful launch 12.自然科学natural science 13.新兴学科new branch of science 14.科技成果research achievements 15.科学发展观concept of scientific development 16.科教兴国revitalize China through science and education 17.可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development 18.科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure 19.专利,专利权patent 20.生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture 21.物种起源origin of species 22.生物工程bio-technology 23.基因工程genetic engineering 24.转基因食品GM food (genetically modified food) 25.技术产权technology property right 26.科技含量technology content 27.电脑病毒computer virus 28.黑客hacker 29.垃圾邮件junk mail 30.数码科技digital technology 31.虚拟社区virtual community 32.网络空间cyber space 网络文化cyber culture 33.网民netizen 34.克隆cloning 激光laser 35.纳米nanometer 粒子particle 36.太阳能/ 核能/ 原子能solar/ nuclear/ atomic energy 37.突飞猛进advance by leaps and bounds 38.技术创新technological innovation 39.中国科学院the Chinese Academy of Science 40.科学技术是第一生产力Science and technology constitute the foremost productive forces. 41.科技前沿the forefront of science and technology 42.科技发明的传播和交流dissemination and exchanges of advanced scientific and technological inventions

科技英语翻译Unit 1—Unit 7

Unit 1 Electronics:Analog and Digital 1.As with series resonance, the greater the resistance in the circuit the lower the Q and, accordingly, the flatter and broader the resonance curve of either line current or circuit impedance. 对于串联谐振,电路中的电阻愈大Q值就愈低,相应地线路电流或电路阻抗的谐振曲线也就愈平、愈宽。 2.A wire carrying a current looks exactly the same and weighs exactly the same as it does when it is not carrying a current. 一根带电的导线其外表与重量都与不带电导线完全一样。 3.Click mouse on the waveform and drag it to change the pulse repetition rate, or directly enter a new value of the period in the provided dialogue box, while keeping the pulse width unchanged. 在波形上点击鼠标并拖动来改变脉冲重复频率,或者在提供的对话框中直接输入新的周期值,而保持脉冲宽度不变。 4.Electronics is the science and the technology of the passage of charged particles in a gas, in a vacuum, or in a semiconductor. Please note that particle motion confined within a metal only is not considered electronics. 电子学是一门有关带电粒子在气体、真空或半导体中运动的科学技术。注意,在本书中粒子运动仅限于金属的情况不属于电子学。 5.Hardware technologies have played vital roles in our ability to use electronic properties to process information, but software and data processing aspects have not developed at the same speed. 硬件技术在我们使用电子特性来处理信息的能力中一直起着重要作用,而软件及数字处理方面却没能与硬件同步发展。 6.However, in a properly designed DC amplifier the effect of transistor parameter variation, other than Ico, may be practically eliminated if the operation point of each stage is adjusted so that it remains in the linear operation range of the transistor as temperature varies. 然而在设计得当的直流放大器中,若调节每一级的工作点使之在温度变化时保持在晶体管线性区,就能在实际上消除Ico以外的晶体管参数变化所造成的影响。

西南交大科技英语翻译期末考试复习题答案

1.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. 这里,由于地心的剧烈活动,使山脉和火山升出水面。 2.After the Australian Taxation Office made its taxation forms simpler, it actually received praise from taxpayers who could finally understand it. 澳大利亚税务局将其表格文字简化后,受到了纳税人的广泛称赞,因为他们终于能看懂这些表格了 3.Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence, and then to interdependence. Losers do not. 虽然人们生来要成功,然而,他们同样生来就是无助的,完全依靠环境。成功者成功地从完全不能自立过渡到了独立,然后过渡到相互依靠。失败者则不然。 4.Darwin was convinced that the loss of the tastes in music and drawing was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文认为,失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣,不仅失去了幸福,而且还可能损伤智力,甚至可能会伤害道德。 5.No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks. 中餐桌上最神奇,最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子. 6.It is not on the shores of continents, nor in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky. 然而,浩瀚的太平洋最精美之处不在其大陆海岸,也不在沿海诸岛,而是在远离陆地的海域。在那里,富有神奇色彩的南太平洋诸岛像天上的繁星一样散布在广阔的海面上。 7.Circumstances and people are constantly changing. Some friendship last “forever”; others do not. 环境与人都在不断地改变。有些友谊地久天长,有些则如昙花一现。

《信息科技英语翻译》期末考试 A卷参考答案

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华电招聘试题

华电电厂招聘化学试题 一.选择题: 1 燃烧需要的三个条件是(C)。 A 燃烧、空气、锅炉; B可燃物质、催化剂、氧气;C 可燃烧的物质、助燃的氧气、足够高的温度;D 锅炉、风机、燃煤。 2 由于试剂不纯引起的误差属于(A)。 A 系统误差; B 偶然误差; C 过失误差; D 随机误差。 3 需要进行定期计量检定的仪器,器具有(C)。 A 瓷舟,称量皿; B 坩埚,分析天平; C 热电偶、分析天平; D 瓷舟、压力表。 4 热力机械工作票制度规定下列工作人员应负工作的安全责任。(D) A 厂领导、车间(队、值)领导、队长; B 车间主任、班长、工作负责人; C 工作票签票人、检修人员、运行人员; D 工作票签发人、工作负责人、工作许可人。 5 通常用于检验一组数据异常值的方法是(D)。 A T检验法; B F检验法; C 相关性检验法; D Grubbs法。 6 在煤堆上采样时,采样工具的开口宽度应不小于煤最大粒度的(D)倍。 A 1.5; B 2.5; C 3; D 2.5—3。 7 现行国标中规定采样的精密度:对原煤和筛选煤当Ad>20%,精密度为(C)(绝对值)。 A ±1%; B ±1.5%; C ±2%; D ±3% *8 对于炉渣样品的采集,现行国标中规定每值、每炉采样量约为总渣量的(D)但不得小于10kg。 A 千分之五; B 千分之一; C 万分之六; D 万分之五。 9 测定煤中灰分时,炉膛内要保持良好的通风状态,这主要是为了将(D)排出炉外。 A 水蒸气; B 烟气; C 二氧化碳; D 二氧化硫和三氧化硫 10 常用于检验碳、氢测定装置可靠性的标准物质有(D)。

《科技英语翻译》课程练习十六

《科技英语翻译》课程练习十六 一、将以下指示与说明文体译成汉语 1. Important safety instructions 1) AC extension cords are not recommended for use with this product. If an extension cord must be used, be sure it is an approved type and has sufficient current-carrying capacity to power this product. 2) NEVER operate this product with any covers removed. 3) NEVER wet the inside of this product with any liquid. 4) NEVER pour or spill liquids directly into this unit. 5) NEVER block air flow through ventilation slots or heat sinks. 6) NEVER bypass any fuse. 7) NEVER replace any fuse with a value or type other than those specified. 8) NEVER attempt to repair this product. If a problem occurs, contact your local retailer. 9) NEVER expose this product to extremely high or low temperatures. 10) NEVER operate this product in an explosive atmosphere. 11) ALWAYS keep electrical equipment out of the reach of children. 二、将以下某款前置放大器使用说明译成汉语 1) DISPLAY INTENSITY BUTTON Cycles among four levels of brightness (including “off”)for the display, allowing adjustment for various ambient lighting conditions. When “off”, the display will turn on for a few seconds whenever a setting is changed. When used in conjunction with certain compatible ABC components, this button will control the display intensity of all lin ked components. (For more information, see “Linked Functions.”) 2) MODE INDICATORS Three LEDs give visual confirmation of the Operational Mode the preamplifier is in at any moment. 3) MODE BUTTON Cycles among the three primary Operational Modes of the preamplifier: Monitor (the source being listened to); Record Select (the source being provided to the Record Outputs); and Balance (the relative volumes of the Left and Right channels). Confirmation of these operating modes is given by the Mode Indicators below the

科技英语翻译复习范围(DOC)

科技英语翻译复习范围(DOC)

1. 科技英语的语言特点具体表现 一、大量使用名词化结构 《当代英语语法》(A Grammar of Contemporary)在论述科技英语时提出,大量使用名词化结构(Nominalization)是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构,一方面简化了同位语从句,另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转,引起昼夜的变化。名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句,而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the

boiler, the heat loss. Can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律,因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称;此外,要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实,而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计,科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理,强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多,会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述,采用被动语态,例如: Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说:You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注

华电集团年两票考试题库附答案

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科技英语翻译答案

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Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。(意译) 要使印刷品的质量达到要求,部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。(意译) 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。(合译) 太阳的大小看起来有变化,这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。(分译) 医生对血样作了分析,看是不是贫血症。(分译) These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等,大的直径有1000公里,小的不到1公里。(分译) 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件,后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。(分译) 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。(增译) 人们发现,自然界里许多元素,都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。(增译) The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特:后者是电压的单位,前者是电流的单位。(增译) 同性电荷相斥,异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。(省译) 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。(介词) 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。(名词) 地球并非完全是圆的,它的两极略扁平。(形容词) An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。(动词) 她腰围40英寸。(副词) 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积,你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。(技术性引申) 通常,数控机床的编程是脱机完成的,指令载于穿孔带上。(技术性引申) 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。(修辞引申) The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。(具体化引申) 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。(具体化引申) 随着铀核和钚核的裂变,会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。(修辞性引申) 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样,不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。(具体化引申) The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然,其结构还有较大的改进余地。(抽象化引申) 目前,煤是火电厂最常用的能源。(抽象化引申) 居里夫妇坚信,自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。(具体化引申) 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。(抽象化引申) 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定,这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种(计量)单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后,人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域,而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉,板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征,例如一颗星或一只鸟;有时科学家观察某一事件,即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难,也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快,取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热,以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料,该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前,铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏,所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.

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