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新编英语教程第三版第二册unit 3

新编英语教程第三版第二册unit 3
新编英语教程第三版第二册unit 3

Unit 3

I Lead-in

II Language Structures

Modal auxiliaries

1. would + perfect infinitive used to express “unfulfilled wish”

. I would have liked to sign up, but I sprained my ankle.

2. should /ought to + perfect infinitive used to express “unfulfilled ob ligation”

needn’t + perfect infinitive expressing “unnecessary past actions”. 1) She should/ ought to have had more oral practice during the term.

2) She needn’t have learned all the dialogues by heart.

3. may /might + perfect infinitive used to expre ss “speculations about past

actions”

can /could not + perfect infinitive used to express “negative deduction about past

actions”

. 1)He may/might have gone to the library.

2) She can’t/couldn’t have gone to the library.

4. must + perfect infinitive used to express “affirmative deduction about past actions”

may /might as well used with the second person pronoun expressing “suggestions”

. 1) She must have gone to the language lab.

2) You may/might as well use my bike.

Preparatory Questions

Directions: Recast the following

sentences using the following phrases: 1. “would have liked to (do)”Notice: would have liked to (do) is used with the first person to express the speaker’s wish that was not fulfilled.1) I intended to go skating with you yesterday but I couldn’t because my mother didn’t let me.

(Response: I would have liked to go skating with you yesterday, but my mother didn’let me.)

2) I meant to sit in on Professor Wang’s class this morning but I didn’t because I had an important meeting to attend. (Response: I would have liked to sit in on Professor Wang’s class this morning, but I had an important meeting to attend.)

3) I intended to take part in the basketball match yesterday afternoon but I couldn’t

because I had a bad fall yesterday

morning.

(Response: I would have liked to take part in the basketball match yesterday afternoon, but I had a bad fall yesterday morning.)

4) I planned to lend you my cassette recorder, but I didn’t, because it was out of order.

(Response: I would have liked to lend you my cassette recorder, but it was out of order.)

2. should/ought to + perfect infinitive Notice:should/ought to + perfect infinitive, indicating a past obligation that was not fulfilled

1) The exhibition was a good one. All of us visited it except John. (Response: : John should/ought to have come with us.)

2) We all learned a lot from the lecture,

but Li didn’t attend it. (Response: : Li ought to/should have attended the lecture.)

3) The engineer went to the research institute without an umbrella and was caught in the rain.

(Response: : The engineer ought to/should have taken an umbrella with him.)

4) They bought a book for Mary but she didn’t like it.

(Response: : They oughtn’t to/shouldn’t have bought the book for Mary.)

needn’t + perfect infinitive

Notice: needn’t + perfect infinitive, indicating something that was unnecessarily done in the past

1) I wrote a summary in more than five hundred words. But the teacher only asked for

200 words.

(Response: : I needn’t have written such a long summary.)

2) Lin answered all the ten questions in the test paper. But we were only required to

answer eight of them.

(Response: : Lin needn’t have answered all the ten questions in the test paper.)

3) Mary went to the station an hour before the train started. (Response: : Mary needn’t have gone to the station so early.)

4) Yao carried all the parcels home herself. She didn’t know they would deliver them if she asked them.) (Response: : Yao needn’t have carried all the parcels home herself. They would have

delivered them if she had asked them.) 3.may/might +perfect infinitive

Notice: may/might +perfect infinitive, indicating speculations about past actions

1) Where is Susan I want to go to the canteen with her.

(Response: : She may/might have gone there already.)

2) It’s a fortnight since Sun went to the South and we haven’t got a word from him. I

wonder if he’s forgotten us all. (Response: : He may/might have been very busy with his work there.)

3) Sid told me he’d let me have the library book after he’d finished wit h it. It’s a week

since he said that and he still hasn’t given me the book.

(Response: : He may/might have returned the book to the library.

4) I’ve been looking for my bicycle key for three days, and it’s still nowhere

to be found.

(Response: : You may/might have lost it.)

can’t/couldn’t + perfect infinitive Notice: can’t/couldn’t + perfect infinitive, indicating negative deduction about past actions

The first part of the response can be given to the students as a prompt.

1) Where is my typewriter Someone must have stolen it last night. (Response: : It was here a moment ago. It couldn’t have been stolen last night.)

2) Keith ought to be here now. Perhaps he’s lost his way.

(Response: : I told him how to come and I even drew him a map. He can’t have lost his way.)

3) Who brought the refrigerator upstairs Perhaps it was Tim.

(Response: : Tim’s not that strong. He couldn’t have brought it by himself.)

4) A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband.

(Response: : But her husband hasn’t come back from abroad yet. It couldn’t have been her husband.)

4. must + perfect infinitive

Notice: must + perfect infinitive, indicating affirmative deduction about past actions

1) The film he saw last night was wonderful.

(Response: : He must have enjoyed seeing it.)

2) He looks tired, doesn’t he (Response: : He must have worked hard. / He must have stayed up late last night.)

3) The children were making a lot of noise until five minutes ago. Now it is

so quiet.

(Response: : The children must have gone away.)

4) James has checked all the figures twice over, but he can’t get the correct answer.

(Response: : James must have made a mistake somewhere.)

5. may/might as well

Notice: may/might as well, used with the second person pronoun to express the speaker’s

suggestion(s)

1) I am so exhausted after work. (Response: : You may/might as well go to sleep.)

2) I’m not feeling well. I think I’ve got a cold.

(Response: : Being so weak, you may/might as well see a doctor.)

3) It is too hot for Karen and me to go

for a picnic.

(Response: : Why don’t you change it to another day You may/might as well go to a

movie today.)

4) Nick won’t take up the additional work. He just wants to do his part. (Response: : You may/might as well ask Lucy to do it. To get ahead on her job, she is

willing to try new things.)

Dialogue Pollution Control

A.Listening to the recording

B.Questions on the dialogue

1.Why is London no longer a city full of fog

2.What is the cause of air and water pollution in the city where A lives

3.What problems do car bring

4.What should be done to bring

pollution in China completely under control

5.Do you think that environmental pollution in China has been effectively reduced If so, please cite some facts or examples.

C. Language Points

1.It must be terrible living there.—Living there must be terrible. The introductory it is a formal subject, whereas the -ing participle living is the real subject. Another example,

. It is great fun boating on the lake.

2. the Clean Air Ac t — This was the

result of the recommendations made by the Beaver Committee which was set up to inquire into the question of urban pollution in Britain. The committee was so named because its chairman was Sir Hugh Beaver.

3. enforce v .give emphasis or strength

to sth.加强;make sth.(a law ) obeyed or effective by force强迫服从,实施;

force or cause sth. to be done or to happen迫使(某事)发生

. 1) Mike must provide enough examples to enforce his argument.

2) You have no right to enforce your own views on me.

3) The government is unable to enforce its own laws and regulations.

4. the Thames/temz/is swarming with fish — the River Thames is full of fish that move about busily. The names of rivers are preceded by the definite article the, ., the Yangzi River, the Yellow River, the Hudson River, the River Mississippi.

. 1)Each summer the swimming pool swarms with people.

2) That town is always swarming with tourists from all over the world.

5. double: twice as much or as many as usual; 成双的,双重的,两倍的a. n. v.

a double bed/room at/on the double 迅速地,立即地;以跑步方式

The boss will give him double pay for working overtime.

2) The date had a double significance.

3) You’d better be double careful when crossing the street.

4) The population of Japan doubles that of Canada.

5) The child birthrate in that area has doubled.

6. torment n. extreme suffering, especially mental suffering; a person or thing that causes this.痛苦,折磨 v. . 1) Love is a sweet torment.

2) David has never suffered the torment of rejection.

3)They never torment themselves or each other over imperfections.

devices— devices used to treat smoke, dust, and water pollution 治理三废设备. 1) The television receiver is an electronic device.

2) Sending advertising by email is very effective marketing device.

3) His illness is merely a device to avoid seeing his girlfriend.

8. residential a. containing or suitable for private houses; connected with or based on residence住宅的,与居住有关的 Gradually the surrounding farmland turned into residential areas.

2) It is a nice residential section, equipped with modern conveniences.

resident a. 居住的;n.居民,居住者residence n. 居住,住宅

reside v.居住,定居

v. make ab. angry, annoyed or impatient 激怒,使烦躁;cause discomfort to(a part of body)使不舒服,刺激

. 1) Our faults irritate us most when we see them in others.

2) Her effusive manner of greeting her friends finally began to irritate them.

3) These tight shoes irritate my toes.

10. more and more people have come to know how harmful ... — more and more people begin to know how harmful ... The infinitive after the verb come expresses an action that takes place gradually over some time.

working with Mrs. Brown, who appeared quite hard-hearted, in the same office

for many years, I’ve come to see that she has a heart of gold.

11. make stricter laws to that effect—make stricter laws with the intention to forbid car horns blowing in the streets. The word effect refers to what B says in the preceding line “it’s against the law to blow car horns in any street in town.”

to that effect:used to show that you’re giving the general meaning of what sb. has said or written rather than te exact words表示那个/这个意思,大意如此

)He said he was greatly worried, or words to that effect.

2) Mary said she hated to see John, or hear of the words to that effect.

to this/the effect 大意是说

to good/great/ dramatic effect 产生好的结果

to no effect 无效果,不起作用

Expressions in Focus

1. “do away with...”—terminate, get rid of; abolish sth. .

. 1) Why not do away with all the junk in your room It is getting more and more untidy!

2) How could they do away with a lovely old building like that and put a car park there instead

3) These ridiculous rules and regulations should have been done away with years ago.

2. “add to…”— increase or have an increased effect;

“add sth. to sth.” —put sth. together with sth. else so as to increase .

His words did nothing but added to my anger.

2) The bad weather only added to our difficulties.

3) Teachers should exercise their imagination and add art to their teaching.

3. “bring…under control”—subdue or master sth.

To bring the noisy children under control, the teachers told them the story of “Buzzy Bees”.

2) Hundreds of firemen have brought a wildfire spread over nine square kilometers of land under control after battling to put out the flames for two days.

3) The Prime Minister said yesterday that the government is making all efforts to bring the high inflation under control.

D. Retelling

Sample outline for retelling

B, a student from England, is talking to

A about the pollution problem.

1. B tells A about London at present: the steps that have been taken by the government and

the change that has taken place.

2. A and B talk about the pollution problem in China:

1) air pollution in factory zones;

2) noise pollution in city streets;

3) A tells B that the Chinese government has taken some measures to control pollution.

Reading I Environment Pollution

A. Pre-Reading Activity

The environmental pollution on our planet has caused undesirable change and harmfully affected health, survival and activities of humans and other living

新编英语教程第三册第三版B翻译

Unit 1 在弗雷德看来,面试进行得很顺利。五天前他曾向一家小公司申请工作,现在那公司的一名董事正在对他进行面试。 在这之前弗雷德一直在当推销员。他现在想调工作并不是因为缺钱,而是因为作为一名推销员他几乎没有空闲的时间。 弗雷德在谈话前很担心,生怕头脑发昏说错话,但是很幸运他发现自己同这位董事的共同之处颇多。 显然这位董事很满意。正当弗雷德在想着自己很可能得到工作时,董事接着问他:“你愿意加班吗?” In Fred’s view, the interview was going very smoothly indeed. Five days before, he had applied for a job at a small business company and now he was being interviewed by one of its directors. Fred had been working as a salesman. He wanted to change his job not because he was short of money, but because as a salesman he could hardly enjoy any leisure at all. Fred had been worried that he might lose his head and say something silly, but fortunately he found that he had a lot in common with the director. It was clear that the director was quite satisfied. Fred was thinking that his chances of landing the job were favourable when the director proceeded to ask, “Do you mind working over time?” Unit 2 B.汉译英 汤姆一开始同父亲谈话就想直截了当地把自己的意思说出来。“爸爸,我作了一个重要的决定,我打算参军去(go into the services)。”父亲很吃惊,不赞同地看着他。“你不应该先得到学位吗?你总有机会服役的,在你……” “可是,爸爸,我今年无论如何会被征入伍的(be drafted)。”汤姆急着打断父亲说。“所以为什么不现在入伍呢(enlist)? 如果入伍了,我得到技术培训的机会就会更多些。要知道,那是很重要的。” “嗯……”父亲插嘴说,“你在大学里第一年学得不错,现在不是你离开学校的时候。” “爸爸,我大学一年级的成绩不很理想,我想我是赶不上其他同学的了。此外,我知道你多么不愿意背债(get into debt),要我成为你的负担,那么我永远不会觉得好受(feel right about)。” 听了这些,汤姆的父亲无言以对,但是他最终说了这么一句话:“我想也许你最好同你母亲谈一下。” As soon as Tom began his talk with his father, he wanted to gain his point directly. “I’ve made an important decision, Dad. I’m going into the services.” Tom’s father looked at him with an air of surprised disapproval. “Shouldn’t you get your degree first? You can always do your military service after …” “But Dad, I’ll be drafted this year anyway,” Tom interrupted

新编英语教程3第三版翻译答案解析

Unit 1 1. 他们都认为他成功的可能性很小。 They all believed that his chances of success were slim. 2. 我不知道她为何总带有一种闷闷不乐的神情。 I don’t know why she always has an air of sadness. 3. 等到所有同学都就座后,学生会主席才开始宣布野营的日程安排。After all students were seated, the president of the students’ union proceeded to announce the camping itinerary. 4. 胃是人体至关重要的器官,请善待之。 Please take good care of our stomach which is a vital organ of our human body. 5、他认为总经理如此重视那些日常琐事是荒唐的。 He considered it absurd for the general manager to attach so much importance to those routine trifles. 6. 她的研究涉及多种语言和文化,富有挑战性。 Her study was full of challenge, which was concerned with many languages and cultures. 7. 根据安排,全体工作人员依次值晚班。 As is scheduled, all staff should take turns to do late duty. 8. 想到要远离父母独自生活,她深感不安。 She felt upset at the thought of leaving her parents and having an independent living in a remote area.

新编英语教程5(第三版)

1) The reason why little girl like Barbie very much is that she looks like real people and can be dressed up in a perfect way. 2) Man-made objects, though out-numbered by natural objects, play a more and more important role in people’s life. 3)The number of man-made object is increasing steeply, compared with the number of natural objects as well as its actual number. 4) The little girl of today would gladly use their old Barbie to exchange the new version of Barbie whereas their mother or grandmother would be reluctant to throw away their dolls until they fall-apart simply, because they are too old nothing could be more obvious than the difference between them. 5)The societies and people that are used to poverty reject the practice of using one product only for once or a short time and then replace it by a new one. 6) It is meaning that less for a man who is fairy old to say that he wants to develop a hobby in this or that form. 7)It is sensible that you further develop the hobby; you already have instead of trying to cultivate a new one. 8)Taking up a hobby and living a more regularized way of life are the most effective way to save them from their boredom. 9)The long hour’s work in the office or factory provides these people with the money so they can live their lives and gives them a strong desire for the simplest pleasure. 10)In fact, it is highly likely that those people who take their work as their pleasure are need to divert their effort from work from time to time urgently. 11)The ability to do the right thing at the right time is essential to a good leader. 12) A leader must be good at exercising his authority (this is a quality that a leader must have) and be able to demonstrate to the people that he does. 13) A leader should find out what the people want to do or have, and guide them to achieve it. 14) If we are not powerful, determined and brave, we can’t except to f ind a good leader, no matter how skilled we are in shopping images, we can’t make him to be what he is not, he is only a representative of all of us. 15) John Dewey has said seriously that the degree that someone’s behavior can influence the custom is the same as the degree that his body talk can influence his mother tongue. 16)The result from a serious study of the custom which is not influence by the outside shows that what Dewey said is just an objective description of the fact. 17) If we still think that our culture is superior to those of the people who we regard as uncivilized, underdeveloped or irreligious, the study anthropology must be meaningless. 18)W e must realized that all the beliefs are based on the same thing, the intangible and should be treated equally along with our own. 19)I believe that people in the society high above me are selfless, pure, noble and very intelligent. 20)But it is difficult for a man of the working class to improve his social status, especially when he was full of objectives and imaginations 21)It is physically strong, and they profited a lot by exploiting my strength, but I only lived a poor life. 22)He was no longer strong enough to make money by selling his strength and had nothing left to him, he had no other choice, but to slide down to the bottom of the society and die there in misery. 23) After 100 years, the black people is still suffering in the isolated part of American society, and he feels like an outcast in his own country. 24) We can see very clearly that as far as the black people are concerned, America didn’t fulfill its promise. 25) We are here to demand the fulfillment of the promises which can guarantee us our freedom and justice. 26)This is not the right time to calm down and adopt gradualism, waiting patiently for a solution.

新编英语教程第三版第三册-句子翻译

1. 他们都认为他成功的可能性很小。 They all believed that he had a slim chance of success. 2. 我不知道她为何总带有一种闷闷不乐的神情。 I don’t know why she has an air of sadness all the time. 3. 等到所有同学都就座后,学生会主席才开始宣布野营的日程安排。 It was after all the students had taken their seats that the president of the students’union proceeded to announce the camping itinerary. 4. 胃是人体至关重要的器官,请善待之。 The stomach is a vital organ of the human body; please take good care of it. 5. 他认为总经理如此重视那些日常琐事是荒唐的。 He considered it ridiculous for the general manager to attach so much importance to those routine trifles. 6. 她的研究涉及到多种语言和文化,富有挑战性。 Her study, which ranged over many languages and cultures, was full of challenge. 7. 根据安排,全体工作人员轮流值晚班。 As is scheduled, all the members of the staff take turns to do late duty. 8. 想到要远离父母独立生活,她深感不安。 She was greatly upset at the thought of leaving her parents and living on her own in a remote area. 9. 对于她是否胜任这项工作我们不甚担心,我们担心的是她的健康问题。We do not worry so much about her qualifications for the job as about her health. 10. 想到要作一次环球航海旅行,他为之激动不已。 He was greatly excited about the prospect of having a cruise around the world. 1. 看着自己孩提时代的玩具,我不禁疑惑起自己当年为何如此喜欢它们了。When looking at some children’s toys I played with during my childhood, I can’t help but wonder why I liked them so much then. 2. 一些官员指出:给银行高管发巨额奖金显示有必要实施某些金融改革。Some officials point out that the lavish bonuses to bank executives show the need for certain financial reforms. 3. 会长简单地陈述了马上要做的事,即选出一个秘书和财务管理人。 The president of the society briefly stated the business in hand, namely to choose a secretary and treasurer. 4. 与其因此发火,我们还不如想想该怎么办。 Instead of getting all riled up about this, we should try to figure out what to do. 5. 要是你爱上一个已经有男朋友的女孩又会怎样呢?你会告诉她你喜欢她吗? What if you fall in love with a girl who is already attached with a boy friend? Will you tell her that you like her? 6. 他喜欢得意地欣赏自己赢得的所有奖品,他把这些奖品存放在一个玻璃柜里。 He likes to gloat over all the prizes he has won, which he keeps in a glass case. 7. 为了我们的所有孩子,请大家记住这一点,在选举日投出你明智的一票。For the sake of all of our children, please keep this in mind and vote sensibly on election day. 8. 上个月我们减少了外出吃饭的次数,因此节省了一大笔开销。 Last month we cut back on the amount we were eating out, so we saved a lot of money. 9. 之前我从未想过去尝试让“脸谱(Facebook)”成为联系老朋友的一个途径,但是我试了一下,就和多年前的一些老朋友取得了联系。 It never occurred to me to try Facebook as a way of connecting with old friends, but I tried it and got in touch with some friends from years ago. 10. 一位驻伊拉克的美军高级司令官宣布,伊拉克军队准备在美军撤走其战斗部队后接管安全工作。 A top U.S. military commander in Iraq declares that Iraqi forces are ready to take over security operations when the U.S. withdraws its combat troops. 1. 凡是听到她不幸遭遇的人无不深表同情。 No one who has heard about her misfortune will not feel deep sympathy for her. 2. 他提出这个问题是出于好奇心,而非出于求知欲。 He asked the question out of mere curiosity rather than out of any genuine desire for knowledge. 3. 这位年轻学者专心致志地开发新型的电脑翻译软件,他深信在不久的将来自己会成名。

新编英语教程-第三版-练习册2-翻译句子

1.我能认出这块表是我的,因为表的背面有划痕。 I can identify this watch as mine by the scratches on the back. 2.他嗜巧克力如命,吃的停不下来。 He was so addicted to chocolate that he couldn’t stop taking it. 3.史密斯先生从教学岗位上退休下来以后,开始从事摄影这一兴趣爱好。 Mr.Smith took up photography as a hobby after he retired from teaching. 4.相比较起来,这幢房子的优点是价格低,而那幢房子的优点是交通便利。 By comparison,this house has the advantage of low price,but that house has the advantage of convenient transportation. 5.他似乎正在使出全身解数,试图提高这一新产品的销售额。 It seems that he is making every effort to promote the sale of this new product. 6.热切的学生们纷纷挤进了讲堂,聆听来自剑桥大学的那位著名教授讲课。The eager students crowded into the lecture hall to hear the famous professor from Cambridge University. 7.他们责怪他向队友发出的信号混乱不清。 They blamed him for sending confusing signals to the teammates. 8.我们的产品仍然远远领先于我们竞争对手的产品。 Our product still has a good lead over that of our competitor. 1.我不知道他如何能靠自己的薪水买得起一套新房子。 I wonder how he can afford a new flat on his salary. 2.要管理好一所学校,校长起着很重要的作用。 The headmaster plays an important role in the effective administration of a school. 3.在家庭事务中具有最后决定权的是我母亲。 It is my mother who has the final say in family affairs. 4.生物学,特别是微生物学,从他学生时代起就令他着迷。 Biology,microbiology in particular, has fascinated him from his student days. 5.她有没有说什么令你特别感兴趣的东西? Has she said anything that appeales to you especially 6.在这么复杂的情况下,没有人能揣测出谁将赢得下一次竞选。 Under such complicated conditions,no one can tell who will win the next election. 7.这是100英镑,它够支付你所有的花费了。 Here is 100 pounds,that should cover all your expenses.

(完整版)《新编英语教程》第3册的课文

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