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(完整版)翻译笔记

第一次课

好英文：主次分明，逻辑严密，主三次八（主则主句主谓主系表，次则从句名形介副非谓三各种短语）

好中文：音调和谐，结构匀称，具体表现凡十：双声（声母相同eg 坎坷，迷茫），叠韵（韵母相同eg 彷徨，徜徉），叠音，双音节，四字格，对仗，平仄，量词准（找准比喻角度，活用动量词eg.一本芭蕉），动词活（eg.眉毛一扬，头发一甩general／specific words）

活用动词四法：具体，高频，靠近，连用

好译文：faithful and smooth 忠通脱读是文章对读没走样（content &style）翻译：技巧，语言比较，相关表达

怎么学：reading－observing－imitating－producing（speaking & writing & translating）

条件：三语让之间之外

技巧全攻略：增减逆顺转类换正反拆合引申难

增减－eg.汉译英代词增加

逆顺－英文先主后客，中文先客后主

拆合－英译汉多拆；汉译英多合

引申－深宽抽象事物具体化

1.风在吼，马在叫，黄河在咆哮，河东河西高粱熟，万山丛中游击健儿逞英豪。

Wind howling，horses neighing，the Yellow River roaring. Sorghum ripe on both banks, the guerilla soldiers are fighting bravely in mountains beyond mountains.

2.广出猎，见草中石以为虎而射之，中石，没全族，视之，石也，因复更射之，终不能入矣。（三个左右的动词合一次，取一个最重要的做谓语）Once out on a hunting trip, General Li Guang mistook a rock in the grass for a tiger and shoot an arrow at it. He hit it with such force that the tip of the arrow get inside the rock. Later he discovered it to be only a rock. Thus, he wanted to try shooting again but was unable to pierce it.

3.松下问童子，言师采药去。只在此山中，云深不知处。

When asked under a pine tree, your boy replied my master is gone for herbs

in these mountains, but I don’t know where for the thick clouds.

4.The prisoners of war are allowed to write censored letters.

战俘可以写信，但需经过审查。

5.I wouldn’t have eaten it only I’m too ladylike to take it out of my mouth.

我本不想吃，但是吐出来也太不淑女了。

6.My bringing had been more of a wild boy than that of a young lady.

我接受的教养，与其说是淑女的教养，倒不如说是野小子。

7.枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。黄昏时归巢的乌鸦盘旋在缠绕着枯藤的老树上。

At dark, returning crows hovering over on the trees wrapped with decayed lines. A farmer house beside a brook is under a small bridge. A heart broken man on mean horse along the ancient path with travelling far far away from home in the west wind against the setting sun.

第二次课

英语5种基本句型：主谓主系表主谓宾主谓间宾直宾主谓宾＋宾补

英语7种常用短语：名形介副非谓三

eg：

I found a man lying in front of my door.

I found him hurt by the careless words that I made.

I find them to have left 3days ago.

2*7

They were found to have left 3 days ago.

…

3*7 with+n+7 结构

1)n. With your father president of the university how can I offend you.

2)adj. With his parents old and children still young, Mr.Zhang is having a hard life.

3)prep. With his parents in old age and children in youth…

4)adv. With his parents out…

5)-ing With you leading our way, we have nothing to fear.

6)-ed With his leg broken he was unable to come for the football game.

7)to do With his father to have died many years ago . he has a miserable life.

独立主格结构

汉语7个基本结构：

1）并列：高大威猛你来我往吃饭睡觉

2）主谓：你来我往

3）动宾：吃饭睡觉

4）偏正：（adj+n,红星绿草；adv+v快跑）

5）动补：（补动词，英语中补宾语）快跑（状语），跑快（补语）

6）连动：v+v+v过来吃饭

7）兼语：前面的补后面的主叫他闹随它去

增减法：冠代介连，三态一气，成语翻译，复数处理

1）汉语无冠词概念独立的标志，英译汉省冠词，汉译英加冠词

eg：猫眼比人眼能吸收更多光线

A cat’s eye can saw more rays than a man’s, so it can see clearly even in the dark.

马是有用的动物

The horse is a useful animal.

中国人是勤劳的民族

Chines people are an industrial nation.

他把手揣在口袋里

He put his hand in the pocket.

2）代词替代：My son by my former wife

词汇替代：同义／反义／上义general words／下义词替代specific words 动作替代：They went there, so did I.

句子替代：You help me and I you／You help me and viceversa（反之亦然）3）介of ／in／at／to／for

怎么用：比较－over表原因（纠纷／感情）

eg：Two boys are fighting for a girl.

Don’t shout at me across the street.

Shout for him to get down.

翻译题

7.老鼠过街，人人喊打。

When people see a rat crossing the street, they shout,’’Strike it!’’

8.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

As long as the green mountain remains, there’s no need to worry about the fire wood.

9.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。（不努力的少年导致一个悲伤的老年）

10.冬天，人们容易感冒。

People intend to have a cold in winter.

11.酒后开车易出车祸。

Drunk driving is liable to cause traffic accidents.

(Driving under the influence of alcohol)

Traffic accidents can be caused by drunk driving.

12.有些人忙于赚钱，难得清闲。

找主语的三种方式：原来，句中，句外

汉语并列转换成英语：英语并列，英语主从，英语单句（有主次）

主从：Some people are so busy to make money that they have no time to enjoy.单句：Too busy making money to enjoy.

Too busy making money for even a moment’s leisure.

换主语：Even a moment leisure can be very hard for those people who are busy. Even a nap can be luxury.

13.他认为有钱了，就应该大吃大喝。

He take for granted

Since he has a lot of money

With+

1.The checks will be $25 a week less than under the stimulus.

若不是采取了经济措施，周薪水将减少￥25.

2.In 2008, the first year of the Great Recession the number of American living in poverty rose by 1.7million to nearly 47.5 million.

2008年是美国经济大萧条的第一年，美国贫困人口增加了1.7百万，接近47.5百万。

3.Most often mist hides the illusory Alps.

大多时候阿尔卑斯山云雾缭绕，如梦似幻

4. She had no misgiving to annoy her delights.

她无忧无虑，照样开开心心。

5.Anger chokes her words.

她气得说不出话来。

6.My duty forbids me to fly from danger.

我职责所在，绝不能临阵逃脱。

7.Ignorance of the law excuses no man from practicing it.

不懂法也要守法。

8.At last, a weakness seizes me and I fell.

我突然很虚弱，然后摔倒在地。

9.The fresh sunlight January morning filled the young teacher with happy thought.

一月明媚的阳光让这个年轻老师十分开心。

10.The doctor can bury his mistakes, but an architect can only advise his clients to plant vines.

医生可以掩盖自己的错误，而建筑师只能用爬藤植物遮丑。

11.Finally, the father was overwhelmed by the judge, and he declared his own son’s guilty.

这位父亲最终大义灭亲，宣判自己的儿子有罪。

12.Yesterday I met a man who was tall and handsome.

我昨天遇见一个又高又帅的男人。

13.我不喜欢他的报告，总是又臭又长。

I don’t like his reports which are always boring and long.

14．赵先生的老婆刚生了个儿子胖乎乎的，可爱极了。

Mr. zhao’s wife give birth to a chubby and cute boy.

经典中文英文翻译

经典中文的英译但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。 We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart. 独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。 The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years. 二人同心，其利断金。 If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. 富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 A bosom friend afar brings distance near.

合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。 A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows f rom a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. 祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。 On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects. 江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。 This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage. 举头望明月，低头思故乡。 Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around. 俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。 All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.

十二天突破英汉翻译笔记

一天突破英文中定语从句的翻译（一） 4 英文中的介词可以翻成中文里的方位副词的动词 There is a book on the desk. 桌上有本书。 The teacher came into the classroom with a book and a dog.老师带着一本书和一只狗…… 6 一般8个单词以下定语从句前置，多于8个单词后置。定语从句翻译后置方法中，需要译出关系词。 63 非限制性定语从句需要后置译法，且翻译关系词。 7 循环套用1：中心词+定语1+定语1的定语2+定语2的定语3+…… 翻译方法看长度：定语1+2=3 前两者放在一起翻译定语1=2+3 后两者放在一起翻译 14 循环套用2：中心词+定语1+定语1的定语2 翻译时：2+1+含有中心词的句子注： 10 which有时指前面整个句子； 14 有时定语从句远离先行词； where“在那里” 11 prior to（主张多用）=before 11 “其”是中文专门用来表示第三人称的词。 13 定语从句一般不可放在句首 13 被动语态：用“为”代替“被” 英汉差异： 13 英文中多用代词；中文多用名词，不怕重复 15 英文多用长句，不注重标定符号的使用；中文多用断句且多用标点 23 英文多用名词；中文多用动词（动词的过渡）英译汉： 9 适时断句，避免长句 12 重要的句子在后面翻译，不重要的先翻译 15 适时增加表示逻辑关系的词，使句子更具逻辑性第二天突破英文中定语从句的翻译（二） 18 并列套用：多个并列定语修饰一个中心词后置译法，关系词只需译一次 18 本位词&外位词

本位词：这，这样，这些外位词：被本位词所替代的部分一般用定语从句的which/of来翻译本位词 ...women in novels were stereotype of lacking any features... 小说中的妇女都是这样一种模式，她们缺少…… This assumption rests on the fallacy of the ... 假设是基于这样一种谬论：…… 19 There are not a few of people. 有不少人。 There are very few people who would not like to do it. 没有多少人愿意做这件事情。 20 abnormally 不正常地；病态地；特别，尤其 21 短句翻译：剥洋葱先次后主，有逗号 21 中文：事实+评论英文：评论+事实 22 It is often said that...人们常说 it is believed that...人们相信 It is guessed that...人们猜测 It is thought that...人们认为 It is supposed that...人们推测 It is reported that...据报道插入语 23 表示观点时，提到句首翻译 27 不表示观点时，保留在原来位置，用破折号连接 23 谓语动词的过渡英译汉 keep one informed current events keep是过渡词，本身动词性很弱，它的存在是为了informed的存在，因此翻译时直接忽略keep翻译inform 汉译英中文“副词+动词”——英文“副词变动词，动词变名词” 28 West Bejing人为划分的行政区域，西北京 Western Beijing自然地理意义上的范围，北京的西部 the West of Beijing不在北京范围内，北京的西边 29 一般英文的人名和地名都要求固定中文译法 White 怀特 Watt 瓦特 Walt 沃尔特

考博英语翻译笔记

考博英语翻译笔记倒装和分割结构为了强调句子的某些部分，或是为了保持句子平衡，英语中常常使用倒装。大体说来，倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。在翻译的时候，既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译，也可以按照字面意思翻译。非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置，以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。 1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 分析：本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。正常语序为：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 。在正式文体中，可以将虚拟条件句中的if 省略，并将助动词提前。译文：例如，它们(指测试)并不弥补社会的不公，因此不能说明一个贫困青年，要是在比较有利的境况下长大，会有多大才干。 2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's “baby boom ” generation reached its child-bearing years. 分析：该句中so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。用so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。译文：不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“ 生育高峰期” 出生的一代人达到生育年龄，婴儿的出生数量增加了，这同样起了作用。 3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job. 分析：该句的Much as I have traveled 是一个由as 引导的让步状语从句。相当于though I have traveled much ，但语气要比后者强。这种结构要求部分倒装。译文：我虽然见多识广，但还从未见过比她细心的人，不管什么职业 4. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly. 分析：相信大家对这种结构都不陌生。Only 后加副词、介词、状语从句时要用部分倒装。但是要注意的是，如果only 修饰的不是状语，则不用倒装。译文：只有很好地掌握了语法知识，写出来的东西才会正确。 5. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West . 分析：当句首是否定副词或含有否定词的词语时，一般要部分倒装。译文：1980 年哪里的人口普查统计资料也不如远西地区的更能生动地说明美国人对宽敞的生活环境的追求。 6. Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him. 分析：hardly…when的结构表示“冈U…就…”。含有这种结构的句子常将hardly 置于句首，而采用部分倒装的语序。此外，hardly分句中一般采用过去完成时，而when (或before )分句中使用过去时。还有，与hardly…when… 结构类似的用法还有barely (scarcely)…whe n … 译文：他刚开始讲，听众就打断了他的话。 7. To such length did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out.

新东方考研英语翻译技巧_附丁雪明完型讲义

第一章考研翻译基础知识一翻译的定义二翻译的标准和翻译的方法三翻译的基本过程四考研翻译的核心解题策略第二章翻译技巧：词法翻译法一词义选择和词义引申二词性转换三增词法四省略法第三章翻译技巧：句法翻译法一名词性从句的翻译二定语从句的翻译三状语从句的翻译四被动结构的翻译第一讲翻译的定义翻译是一门语言的艺术，是语言之间的转换，是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言。考研翻译简介（一）考研翻译考查内容和形式根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。考生在答题卡2上作答。”以2007年考研翻译题为例，考生在试卷上阅读的是一篇完整的文章，翻译的是5个划线部分。如：（二）考研翻译的评分标准根据大纲规定，考研翻译的评分标准如下： 5个小题，每题2分，共10分。 ·如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最多不超过0.5分。 ·如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确，给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法评分。 ·中文错别字不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。（三）考研翻译今年考题特点和内容根据对大纲和最近十几年来考研翻译已经考过的真题的分析，我们发现考研翻译具有如下明显的特点。首先，考研翻译的短文内容大多是涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、哲学、心理和科普方面的题材。其体裁基本上是议论文。如： 1990年：人的性格和行为分析 1991年：能源与农业

经典古文英文翻译

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5.Have you given any thought to your future? 你有没有为将来打算过呢。 6．You just stay away from me please. 求你离开我。 7．If you are ever in trouble, don't try to be brave, just run, just run away. 你若遇上麻烦，不要逞强，你就跑，远远跑开。 8．It made me look like a duck in water. 它让我如鱼得水。 9．Death is just a part of life, something we're all destined to do. 死亡是生命的一部分，是我们注定要做的一件事。 10．I was messed up for a long time. 这些年我一塌糊涂。 11．I don't know if we each have a destiny, or if we're all just floating around accidentally―like on a breeze. 我不懂我们是否有着各自的命运，还是只是到处随风飘荡。㈢《The Lion King狮子王》

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新东方唐静翻译笔记整理版转载自:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/761904428.html,/viewthread.php?tid=129509 考研翻译：a. 弄清什么是翻译（理论、教学、实践）/（translation、interpretation、交传、simultaneously interpretation）b. 怎么做翻译 1. 考研翻译中英汉语语言特点 1）形合与意合2）繁复与简短 3）被动与主动少用被字4）抽象与具体根据汉语习惯增加表示范畴和概念的词来解释具体 Evolution:进化find 发现(成果、结果) tension:缓解中东的紧张（形势、局面）must(必去的地方/景点)past(过去的情况、现象、景象) 2. 考研翻译的题型、题型特点、考试内容和评分标准 1）考研翻译的题型 2）考研翻译的题型特点划线句子是长难句，一般35词 3）考研翻译的考试内容（1）考察专有名词（人名、地名、国家名称、术语98年big bang 大爆炸理论常识性）、词组（inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论operational research expert运筹学专家）多义词（school学派life生命生活熟词生义set:集合offend:排污超标）生词（2）考察一般性翻译技巧：a)词义选择：分析词根词缀multimedia determinism(决定论)、分析上下文、根据汉语习惯搭配来翻译、寻找汉语同义词翻译aspect问题elegant 完善的，完美的 b)词序调整：中英文词序不对等 c)词性转换：介词换动词，名词换动词（emphasis） d)生词法 (3)考察具体句型的翻译步骤和方法：定语状语宾语主语表语同位语并列比较倒装插入强调被动否定形式主语there be 4）考研翻译的评分标准：分段给分微观评分综合扣分 3. 考研翻译解题中的常见问题（只可意会不可言传、表达不清）和应对策略理解的关键在于理解英语的语法结构；表达的关键在于用汉语习惯来调整和翻译4. 考研翻译的步骤、标准和方法(严复：信、达、雅) 标准：准确、通顺、完整步骤：通读全句，准确理解分析成分，划分意群选择词义，贴切表达适当调整，书写译文 One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind（心理状态）, feelings, traits of character(性格特征), human nature, and so on.一个困难在于几乎所有（全部）所谓的行为科学——一个困难在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部根据心理状态、情感、性格特征、人性等来寻找行为的根源——to: According to—— Trace to: find the original thing according to sth. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the

经典英语翻译汇总

In short,we must study happiness scientifically 总之，必须科学地研究这个问题。 This conclusion is grounded in scores of studies around the word 这一结论是从世界范围内的几十个调查研究中得出的。 And what we also are doing is showing off 我们同样也在卖弄 And (although we have been taught that it's bad to boast, that it's trashy to toot our own horn),that nice people don't strut their stuff，seek attention or name-drop，there are times when showing off maybe forgivable and maybe even acceptable 尽管有人教导我们说，自我吹嘘不好，自吹自擂没用，好人从不炫耀自己，从不出风头或借名人来抬高自己。然而，有些时候卖弄可以得到原谅，甚至是可以接受的。 “Oh，I don't know，”he replied，“but all of a sudden the talk started getting so superficial.” “哦，没什么，”他回答说，“不过，我感到话题一下子变得那么肤浅了。” Sometimes showoffs ask for cheers to which they're not entitled 有的时候，卖弄者们企求他们没资格得到的喝彩 For we know very well—I certainly know— that( if we'd been that lucky lady，we'd have worked our triumph into the conversation) 我们很清楚，假如我们是那位幸运的女士的话，我们就会想方设法把自己的胜利纳入话题，这一点我当然明白。 As a matter of fact，I'll lay my cards right on the table and confess that the first time some poems of mine were published,I not only worked my triumph into every conversation for months and months),but I also called almost every human being I'd ever known to proclaim the glad tidings both local and long distance. 其实，我可以坦白交代：当我诗歌首次发表时，我不仅成年累月地谈及此事，还不厌其烦地打电话给本地的和外地的几乎所有认识的人，宣告喜讯。 "Enough about me.Let's talk about you.So what do you think