大学英语教材课后题
Translation
Unit 1 Language in mission
Task 1
人们普遍认为英语是一门世界语言，经常被一些不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样，英语也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语，和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成发挥了很大作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初，他的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于美国电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的的影响力尤为显著。
Task 2
Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process ,Chinese characters have not only played an important role In exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form .Calligraphic works well r eflected calligraphers’ personal feelings ,knowledge ,self-cultivation ,personality ,and so forth ,thus there is an expression that ”seeing the calligrapher’s handwriting is like seeing the person “.As one of the treasures of the Chinese culture ,Chinese c alligraphy shines splendidly in the world’s treasure house of culture and art.
Unit 2 College-The ladder to success?
Task 1
慕课是一种网络课程，它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。慕课是远程教育迈出的最新一步，现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。通过这些课程，大学可以扩大影响的范围，从影响成千上万住在城里付学费的学生，扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生。除了拥有传统的课程资料，慕课还给使用者提供交流论坛，支持学生和讲师之间的交流，使得多种观点、知识和技能涌现到课堂上来；它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程，甚至是尝试新的教育方式；它提供多种学习课程资料的方式，鼓励多模式学习，以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求；此外，慕课促进教学的改善，是技术在面对面授课中得以更好地使用。
Task 2
In recent years , with the development of Internet technology ,the construction of the digital education resources of our country has made great achievements .Many universities have sat up their own digital learning platforms ,and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education .Compared with the traditional way of teaching ,the digital way has a lot of advantages .On one hand ,digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible ;on the other hand ,it expands the learners’ study time and space to learn ,allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere .These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning .
Unit 3 Discovery of a new life stage
Task 1
作为美国文化价值体系的一个重要组成部分，“个人主义”收到大多数美国人的推崇。美国
人认为家庭作为一个群体，其主要目的是促进家庭各成员的幸福。与其他文化相比，美国家庭成员的职责，不是在社会或者经济上改善整个家庭的状况。人们通常认为，什么是对个人最好的要比什么是对家庭是最好的更重要。与自由相伴而来的是照顾自己的责任，即必须接受自己的选择所带来的后果。许多美国人给他们的子女很多的自由，因为他们希望孩子能独立和自力更生。在美国人强调个人自由的同时，父母和孩子间平等的信念也对美国家庭产生了巨大的影响。
Task 2
Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society .Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of person's well-being .With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics , it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. It's undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept ,rich in content and wide in range, it includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes .Generally speaking ,it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society ,including respect ,care ,support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient "Oriental civilization".
Unit 4 Dance with love
Task 1
美国和欧洲各国都会庆祝2月14日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的节日，恋人之间通常都会交换情人卡和爱情信物。关于这个节日的起源有着不同的说法。一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣瓦伦丁的神父关进了监狱，因为他拒绝相信罗马神。2月14日那天，瓦伦丁被处死，不仅因为他是基督徒，而且因为他曾治愈了一位监狱看守双目失明的女儿。他在被处死的前一晚上给她写了一封署名“你的瓦伦丁”的告别信。后来，2月14日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情人展示感情的节日。现在，人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节，他们发送贺卡、鲜花，赠送巧克力或其他礼品，或共进浪漫的晚餐。现在这个节日已流行世界各地。在中国，这个节日也越来越受年轻人的欢迎。
Task 2
July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentine’s Day”. The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid. The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage. But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.
Unit 5 The money game
Task 1
大发现年代，也被称为大勘探年代，是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期，始于15世纪初并一直持续到18世纪。这一时期通常被认为是中世纪和近代之间的桥梁，当时西方帝国主义刚兴起，欧洲各王国之间正在经济上互相竞争，他们想通过建立贸易路线和殖民地来寻找财富。在这一时期众多伟大的探险家中，最杰出的是克里斯托弗?哥伦布，因为他发现了新大陆。欧洲的海外扩张导致了殖民帝国的崛起，旧大陆与新大陆的接触也促进了两边的互
相交换：大量的植物、动物、食物、文化等得到迁移。这代表了历史上生态、农业和文化在全球范围内最重大的活动之一。欧洲大勘探让绘制全球性的世界地图成为可能，从而使人们看到一个新的世界与古老的文明正遥相呼应。
Task 2
The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name “the Silk Road”. As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of “One Belt, One Road”(namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road). The strategy of “One Belt, One Road” focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.
Unit6 Less is more
Task 1
极简主义是指去掉多余的，仅保留需要的部分、用最简单的话来说，极简的生活方式，就是生活得越简单越好,直到获得心灵的平静，这种简单既是精神上的，也是身体上的：这样的生活方式会减轻压力，带来更多自由时间．并增强幸福感、极简主义者会说．他们生活得更有意义了，更从容了，极简的生活方式让他们着眼于生活中更重要的事物：朋友、爱好、旅游和体验。当然，极简主义并不意味着拥有物质财富从本质上来讲有什么不对。现在的问题似乎在于，我们往往太重视所拥有的东西，而常常抛弃了健康、人与人之间的关系、我们的热情、个人成长，以及帮助他人的愿望。极简主义除了在我们的口常生活中可以得到应用，还存在于很多创意领域，包括艺术、建筑、没汁、舞蹈、电影、戏剧、音乐、时尚、摄影和文学等。
Task 2
National Happiness Index (NHI) is an index that measures how happy people are. It is also a tool that measures the levels of economic development and people's livelihood and happiness in a country or region. With the fast growth of Chinese economy, the Chinese government has been paying more and more attention to people's living quality and the increase of happiness index. The government stresses improvement of its people's livelihood, striving to improve their economic conditions and meet their growing material and cultural needs. Currently, the Chinese government advocates the unleashing of more reform dividends, with the aim of offering more real benefits to its people. All these measures will combine to effectively increase the NHI of our people.
Unit 7 Women : Making a difference
Task 1
婚纱礼服的颜色、款式取决于婚礼参与者的宗教和文化。例如，在西方文化中新娘通常会选择白色的婚纱，而在中国，传统的结婚礼服是红色的。虽然白色已成为当今最受青睐的婚纱颜色，但这在维多利亚时期之前并不是一个普遍的潮流。白色在1840年成为了一个普遍的选择，那年维多利亚女王在她的婚礼上穿了一件白色的礼服。官方的婚礼照片被广泛刊登出后，很多女性都效仿女王选择白色。很多人相信白色象征着童真，尽管这不是他们选择白色
的初衷。就款式而言，婚纱礼服曾一度是前面短短的，后面是长长的裙摆。这种趋势一直维持到20世纪60年代后期，那个时期全长裙边的设计恢复了流行。
Task 2
China is home to sillk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk,one of which is embroidery.E mbroidery,with at least two or three thousands years of history,is one of the Chinese traditional f olk arts and crafts. Since most embroiders are women,it's also called "women's needlework".Emb roidery has been much-loved by the Chinese people.It can be used to beautify clothing and thing s.For example,clothes,quilts,pillowcases etc. can be embroidered with beautiful designs,or a piec e of Embroidery can be made for a special ornament.There are four most famous types of embroi dery in China:Suxiu from Suzhou,Yuexiu from Guangdong,Xiamgxiu from Hunan,and Shuxiu from Sichuan,each having its own style and theme.Among the four,Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed th e highest reputation.
Unit 8 Human rights vs , animal rights
Task 1
世界自然基金会（WWF）是一个致力于有关保护，研究和修复环境议题的国际性非政府组织。该组织最初于1961被命名为世界野生动物基金会。1986年，它更名为世界自然基金会，以更好地反映其活动范围。它是世界上最大的，独立的自然保护组织，拥有世界各地超个500万的支持者，在100多个国家里开展工作，并援助约1,300个与自然和环境保护有关的项目。它的任务是阻止破坏地球的生态环境，建立一个能使人类与自然和谐相处的未来。目前，其大部分工作集中在对海洋和海岸，森林，淡水的保护。在其他问题上，它也关注濒危物种，污染和气候变化。现在他们最需要的是资金，以履行其使命和处理有关的突发事件。
Task 2
Since the founding of New China, especially since the economic reform and door-opening to the world, the Chinese government has made considerable efforts in eco-environmental protection and achieved effective progress. The government has taken a series of important measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, such as actively promoting key ecological projects, enhancing ecosystem construction and biodiversity conservations, establishing a number of nature reservation, ecological demonstration zones, scenic spots and forest parks. One of the important goals of building a socialist harmonious society is to strengthen ecological protection and construction and to achieve harmony between man and nature. Environmental protection and ecological civilization construction have provided a solid foundation for the sustainable development of China’s economy and society.
Language Focus
Unit 1
Words in use
1.condense
2.exceed
3.deficit
4.exposure
5.asset
6.adequate
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/764055899.html,petent
8.adjusting
9.precisely 10.beneficial
Word building
Managerial editorial substance survival tradition margin
consistency accuracy efficient
recovery ministry assembly
Word building
1.editorial
2.recovery
3.accuracy
4.substance
5.managerial
6.margin
7.assembly
8.Ministry
9.survival 10.tradition 11.consistency 12.efficient Unit 2
3
1. promotes
2. accelerate
3. mystery
4. Insight
5. boost
6. analysis
7. calculate 8. barriers 9. destruction 10. prospect
4
Promising Bearing Housing Objective
Offend Exclude Excess Execute
Intensify Identity
5
1. excess
2. bearing
3. objective
4. intensify
5. execute
6. promising
7. exclude
8. identity 9 offend 10. housing
Unit 3
3
1. peculiar
2. radical
3. phase
4. sensible
5. predict
6. labeled
7. resent
8. witnessed
9. equivalent 10. parallels 4
Chaotic dramatic academy
Depression detection erosion
Classification confuse cooperate dictate
Rightist journal
5
1. journal
2. chaotic
3. cooperate
4. erosion
5. dramatic
6. confuse
7. academy
8. rightists
9. depression 10. dictate 11. detection 12. classification
Unit 4
3
1. confess
2. tempting
3. commence
4. coordinating
5. granted
6. deserved
7. displayed
8. consequently
9. lodged 10. proceed
4
Contented compress complicate
Identification justification qualification
Illustration exhibit extension
Interpretation plantation perception
5
1. qualifications
2. perception
3. plantations
4. compressed
5. exhibit
6. contented
7. interpretation
8. complicate
9. illustration 10. extension 11. identification 12. Justification
Unit 5
3
1. contradict
2. paradox
3. Perspective
4. explicit
5. suspended
6. derive
7. defy 8. retains 9. Manipulating 10. tackle
4
browse browser message messenger consumer consume
negotiate negotiation object objection react reaction constitute constitution cultivate cultivation define definition expand expansion concentration concentrate civilization civilize
5
1. concentrated
2. Messenger
3. civilized
4. Constitution
5. browser
6. Objection
7. expansion
8. consume
9. definition 10. Cultivation 11. reaction 12. negotiation
大学英语三课后习题翻译及答案
Unit 1 From her accent I guess she’s from the Northeast. 从她的口音我猜她是来自东北地区的。 It was very clever of her to turn his argument against himself. 她很聪明，使他对自己的论点 I found a couple of shoes under the bed but they don’t make a pair. 我在床下发现了一双鞋，但他们不做一双 4. Dr. Bright always takes his time as he examines his patients and treats them with extreme care. Bright博士总是把他的时间用于他检查他的病人，并把他们的极端护理 5. British companies are trying to avoid the fate their American counterparts have already suffered. 英国公司正试图避免他们的美国同行已经遭受的命运。 6. Wilfred’s remarks confirmed me in my opinion that he was an honorable young man. 威尔弗雷德的话证实了我在我看来，他是一个光荣的年轻人 7. The key witness for the prosecution was offered police protection after she received death threats. 检察机关的主要证人在收到死亡威胁后提供了警方的保护 8. I thought that was the end of the matter but subsequent events proved me wrong. 我认为这是事情的结束，但随后的事件证明我错了。 9. Having practiced for so long, the New York baseball team stands a chance winning the World Series this year. 经过这么长时间的练习，纽约棒球队赢得了今年的世界系列赛的机会。 10. At the trial , Bob’s teacher, who was called as a character witness, said he was a quiet boy who had never been in trouble before. 在审讯中，鲍伯的老师，被称为证人，说他是个安静的男孩以前从未惹过麻烦。 Unit 2 11. We’ve just had a very fruitful meeting with the management and we’re now much more hopeful about the pay rise. 我们刚刚与管理层有了一个非常富有成效的会议，我们现在对加薪的希望更大了 12. The book I’m reading explains the evolution of plant and animal life on earth. 我读的这本书解释了地球上动植物的进化
大学英语2题库
大学英语2题库 单选题 8、The old bridge in my hometown___ next month. A、is going to be rebuilt B、will rebuilt C、are going to be rebuilt D、are going to rebuilt 答案：A 9、I wish I could have attended the job fair yesterday, but I it. A、missed B、would miss C、miss D、will miss 答案：A 10、I thought you come to work yesterday. A、weren’t B、haven’t C、didn’t D、aren’t 答案：C 11、We shopping yesterday and had so much fun. A、went B、gone
C、going D、goes 答案：A 12、It was and I felt cold. A、wind B、windy C、hot D、sunny 答案：B 13、He very busy this week, and he free next week. A、will be; is B、is; is C、will be; will be D、is; will be 答案：D 14、These magazines___ in the library for a long time. A、have kept B、are keeping C、have been keeping D、have been kept 答案：D 15、It hard outside. Let’s not go shopping. A、is raining
全新版大学英语3(第二版)综合教程学生用书课后习题答案
Vocabulary I. 1. 1)on balance 5)illustrated9)involved 2)resist 6)budget 10)economic 3)haul 7)lowering11)blasting 4)wicked 8)boundary12)just about 2. 1)cut back/ down2)pick up 3)get by 4)get through 5)face up to 6)turn in 7)making up for8)think up 3. 1) pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy 2) often generate misleading thoughts 3) attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work 4) be suspected of doing everything for money 5) before he gets through life 4. 1) their indoor, a profit, to invest in 2) device, the improvement, on a global scale 3) stacked, temptation, never dined out II Confusable Words 1. 1) house 2) Home 3) home, family 4) household 2. 1) doubt 2) suspect 3) doubted 4) suspected 5) suspect III. Word Formation 1)rise2)final3)regular4)cash5)hows, whys 6)upped7)yellowed8)bottled9)lower10)search Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. Text-related 1)get by2)temptation3)get through4)improvements 5)aside from6)suspect7)supplement8)profit
大学英语2习题6
Unit 6 I.Write the English words or expressions according to the following definitions. 1.that cannot be believed 2.not happening often 3.have or own 4. a person who buys goods or service 5. a rough outline or version 6. a single piece of news; a single artic le 7.add (sth.) in order to make a thing more attractive to look at 8.put (time or money) away for a special purpose 9.wait patiently for a chance 10.(in the habit of) doubting that sth. is true, right, etc. II ． Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the following : sophisticated item take in decorate draft possess harmony at intervals set aside incredible. 1.They bought many ______ modern weapons. 2.The country ______ rich mineral resources. 3.They ______ a large amount of money for special purpose. 4.They were completely ______ by his story . 5.He comes back to see us ______ regular ______. 6.There is an important ______ of news in today ’s newspaper. 7.This is the ______ of the report. It needs modifying. 8.He earns an ______ amount of money. 9.The Christmas tree was ______ with coloured lights. 10.The designer’s aim is to produce a ______ of shape and texture. III. Choose the most suitable answer. 1.During the investigation about his bribery, he was quite _____ about the amount of the money involved. A. sophisticating B. positive C. rarely D. vainly 2. He noticed that there was an interesting _____ about the movie star in the newspaper today . A. news B. periodical C. item D. draft 3.The _____of the accused man was in doubt. However, the public all wished him to be sentenced to death. A. guilt B. nature C. bulletin D. reproach 4.In a beautiful picture there is _____ between the different colors. No doubt it is his masterpiece. A. decoration B. draft C. theory D. harmony 5.All joking _____, can you swim 15 miles? A. cared for B. skeptically C. incredibly D. aside 6.After the carpet bombing, a fire soon _____ all the old wooden buildings in the neighborhood. A. consumed B. undid C. took in D. hit home
大学英语精读第一册(第三版)答案
大学英语精读第三版(上海外语教育出版社董亚芬主编)第一册答案Book 1 Unit 1 Study&Practice Vocabulary Activities 1. 1)e 2)g 3)j 4)a 5)b 6)i 7)c 8)d 9)h 10)f 2. 1) handling 2) summarized 3) process 4) absorb 5) are bound to 6) feel free 7) for instance 8) strategies 9) complained 10) has committed... to memory 11) Nevertheless 12) rely... on 13) Apart from 14) command 3. 1) over and over again 2) at a time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for 5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition to 8) in detail Enriching Your Word Power 1. 1)action 2)employ 3)announce 4)examination 5)communication 6)express 7)compose 8)improvement 9)concentration 10)management 11)consider 12)motivate 13)development
15)discuss 16)operate 17)division 18)production 19)educate 20)repeat 2. 1) a) additional b) add c) addition d) addition 2) a) effectively b) effect c) effective d) effect 3) a)helpful b) help c) helpless d) help e) helplessly f) helpfully g) helpful 4) a) reliant b) reliable c) reliance, reliable d) relies e) reliably 5) a) repetition b) repeating c) repeatedly d) repeated e) repetition Usage 1) In my opinion 2) According to Mary 3) In our opinion 4) According to today’s papers 5) In most doctors’ opinion ( According to most doctors) Structure 1. 1) Shakespeare was not only a dramatist but also an actor. 2) Miss Crain not only took me home in her car, but also came the next day to see if I had recovered. 3) Hainan Island attracts tourists not only in winter but also in summer. 4) There is always a black market not only in Britain, but also in other European countries. 5) At the Athens Olympics in 2004, Liu Xiang not only won a gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles, but also broke the Olympic record. 2. 1) It is true that your sentences are all gramma tically correct, but they don’t make any sense. 2) It is true that they lost that battle, but they still went on fighting. 3) It is true that Tom’s very clever and hardworking, but I still don’t think he is the right person for the job. 4) It is true that learning English is by no means easy, but we can make the task easier by using some learning strategies. Cloze 1. 1) strategies 2) frequently 3) over and over again 4) commit to memory 5) acquaintance 6) watch out for 7) communicate 8) process
全新版大学英语综合教程1课后习题翻译
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新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程2 1至7单元课后翻译答案总结 IA：她连水都不愿意喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn’t take a drink , much less would she stay for dinner. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him , whereas I was telling the truth. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎样解释 How do you account for the fact you have been late every day this week 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due to their new market strategy. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率得提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.
我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们 只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project , so we have to carry on. IIA: 尽管她是家里的独生女，他父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in the family , her parents never baby her . 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没有给我打电话作任何解 释。 Mike didn’t come to the party last night , nor did he call me to give an explanation. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但绝不是什么 大作家。 The man sitting next to him did publish some novels , but he is by no means a great writer. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。 He is not interested in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses.
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11) Nevertheless 12) rely on 13) Apart from 14) command 1) over and over again 2) at a time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for 5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition t 8) in detail 1)action 2)employ 3)announce 4)examination 5)communication 6)express 7)compose 8)improvement
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一单元： 1.我们的计算机系统出了毛病，但我觉得问题比较小。 We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2.父亲去世时我还小，不能独立生活。在那时，家乡的父老接过了养育我的责任。My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point. 3.这些玩具必得在达道严格的安全要求后才可出售给给儿童。 The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4.作为新闻和舆论的载体，广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。 Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion. 5.至于这本杂志，它刊载世界各地许多报纸杂志上文章的摘要。 When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world. 二单元： 1.虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战，克服危机。 Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. 2.在持续不断的沙尘暴威胁下，我们被迫离开我们喜爱的村庄，搬迁到新的地方Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement. 3.根据最近的网上调查，许多消费者说他们也许会有兴趣考虑购买电视广告中播放的产品。 According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. 4.看到卡车司机把污染的废弃物倒在河边，老人马上向警方报告。 Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once. 5.一些科学家坚信人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物的，因为他们能够提高产量，帮助发展中国家战胜饥荒和疾病。 Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.
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