2019商志考研英语笔记

A：When it comes tothe slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling or

polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend

＄12 to ＄50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly Stopped showing up.

biting her nails=scratch one’s head

不知所措，束手无策；

when it comes to名词，主谓。。。。

a用法：引出文章topic

b翻译为：当提到。。。时

当谈及。。。时

Writing： when it comes to 题目，opinions vary。Many tend to claim that 。Others，however，may contend that

claim 主张，认为 some——some people

Hold many——many people

Argue few——

Contend those——

注：日本人——

Those who are from japan，（写作：简单问题复杂化。）省略“people”Those who are from average universities。。。

Top university

may/might

主语 +tend to + 谓语。。。。。。。。。。

seem to

B、This is an explosive situation（危急关头，可怕局面）for any industry（行业）, particularly a declining one.

Slowing/Falling/Declining/Fading

*slowing 减速的 *falling 日以下跌的，逐渐下跌的

Acceleration加速falling communication costs

Slowdown减速 falling transportation costs/spending/budget

Growing industrial competitiveness of emerging economies

*declining 衰退的，走下坡路的

A declining industry global economic decline例：北师大now is on the decline while 东北师大is now on the rise

Industry 行业

Energy-intensive industry

Auto industry

One作代词

仿：This is an explosive situation for any country，particularly for a developing one。

补充：rising growing increasing soaring

*rising costs 支出，费用

rising concern 关注

writing：幸运的是，今天人们越来越关注这种现象。

Rising concern，fortunately，has been given today to such an upsetting phenomenon。

*Growing attention= Rising concern 关注

Growing competitiveness of emerging countries

Growing threat of XXX

*An increasing number of = more and more

*soaring：激增的

Soaring home prices

Soaring health costs/spending/budget

healthcare医疗卫生

C biting her nails 不知所措，束手无策

*have a ZZZ=noisily doze off 瞌睡，入睡

*put pen to paper=write

* While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they putpen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. *While，。（对立对比）

While中国XXX，japanXXX。

Writing：while some seem to claim that ，others might argue that the educated

the poorly educated 受教育程度不高的人

the modestly educated受教育程度中等，一般的

the highly educated受教育高的，不是高等教育

Seek——sought

seek to旨在做。。。想要做。。。，目的是。。。

an elevated tone有高度的语言mother tone

elevator native tone 母语

the most well regarded writing 被认为最好的

capture抓住，俘虏

引申义：抓来就用

Writingspoken

Formal oral

Elevated informal

Academic

The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is.

［A］far-reaching［B］ dubiously oriented

［C］ self-contradictory［D］ radically reformatory

In the past—at present—at the futurerush狂热，热gold rush淘金热The rush to go abroad

The rush to learn English

*Put computers in the classroom：多媒体教学

far-reaching意义深远

当提到这减速的经济时，某人还没有不知所措。not。。。（just）yet：尚未，还没有。。。。。。

When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet.Butthe 47-year-oldmanicurist isn't cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend ＄12 to ＄50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up.

*1超纲词的推理

Manicurist，根据上下文推理。

a：看超纲词所在句子这个句子中往往有提示the47-year-old manicurist=she(Ellen Spero)

b：看这个超纲词所在段的段落主题句（topic）

*2并列结构

Cut v 剪or

File v 锉磨and

Polish v上油 ,or, , and

Not as many as /not so many as

浙大has as many as student as 厦大

浙大doesn’t have as many student as 厦大

***3多变化：a标点多变化，b用词多变化c句式多变化

Client

Customer

Shopper 顾客，客户

Buyer

Patron patronage：光临 the patronage of those under the age of 18

patronize ：光顾，回顾

注：三大类十四种句型：

基本句型：主谓。。。。。。。。。。。

升级

高级句型：三大类十四小种

A：主语。。插入。。。谓语。。。。。

4种情况：a从句

b过去分词短语——ed

which is 现在分词短语——ing

who 不定式短语——to。。。

（主语）形容词短语——adj

介词短语——prep

c 情态动词seem to

tend to

could/may

d 双逗号结构主语，，谓语。。。。。

双破折号结构

B：主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。。补充

a从句

B过去分词短语——ed

删去 which is/are 现在分词短语——ing

who 不定式短语——to。。。

（主语）形容词短语——adj

介词短语——prep

变异

主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。。，补充

A从句

B过去分词短语——ed

删去 which is/are 现在分词短语——ing

who 不定式短语——to。。。

（主语）形容词短语——adj

介词短语——prep

C独立主格结构

D同位语

C：引导，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。

a从句

b 过去分词短语——ed

删去 which is/are现在分词短语——ing

who 不定式短语——to。。。

（主语）形容词短语——adj

介词短语——prep

c独立主格结构

d副词：therefore，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。

indeed，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。

unfortunately，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。

*2 show up 露面，出现

The negative feelings generated during the day tend to show up in dreams early at night

Negative消极的，否定的

Positive 积极地

The negative feelings主语show up谓语

主语。。。—ed tend to 谓语

generate=produce 产生，生产

*3 三大逻辑关系之对立对比关系

，but，

While，

Blame 指着；责备；归咎于。。。。。。

Owe。。。。A to。。。。。。B A的原因是B

Attribute、、、、、to、、、、、、、、、、、

She owes this accident to her negligence（疏忽）

She blame this accident because she neglects。

Ericsson and his colleagues believe that high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.XXX和XXX认为成就高的人主要原因是后天培养。

high achievers：those （who） have high achievements

owe结果to原因

nurture培养，栽培 v

nutrition 营养n（牛吹神）

nutriment 营养品

主要的：mainly/mostly/chiefly/primarily

According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century owed its emergence to the culture of consumption

d epartment stores 百货商店

emergence n出现

emerge v出现

emerging countries 新兴国家

emerging economies 新兴国家的经济

***引号

Reading：引号中的内容不用读；但是，当段首句出现引号时，必读。Writing：必须用上！！例：“，”argues（notes） Dr.Li Ji，a 47-year-

So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus.

主谓。。。。。。。。。。。，—ing。。。。。。。。—ing。。。。。。。。。。，主谓。。。。。。。。

当一个主语做了两个或更多的动作时，其中一个动作作谓语动词，而另一个动作用—ing形式。

例：她早早起床冲忙去了机场。

She got up early this morning and went to the airport。

Getting up early this morning，she went to the airport hurriedly She got up early this morning，going to the airport hurriedly。Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.

Be perplexed/Be puzzled/Be confused困惑不解

allege 断言 v

allegation 断言n

lie谎言n setting 环境

rumor谣言n

cruel 残忍的cruetly n

deliberately 蓄意地，故意地

Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry

technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment - although no one had proposed to do so - and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.

Downscaling降低规模

suburban郊区 n

So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus.

1段：经济不景气——业务量降低——降低消费规模（档次）

可是，她没有绝望

作业：（一个月内）

A读大学英语1-2册，每篇都彻底研究并不断重复。（多读，甚至抄）

每句：词组，句型结构

每段：总结topic，分析相邻句子之间的逻辑关系。

并列，转折，顺承，总分

B背3147上下册二：

总论：

1：countdown

2方法科学英语：精读课文，打下强大的语言基础

A词（组）识别和运用（造句）能力

B句子分析能力

词汇量：质量和数量

C段的分析能力

多角度全方位深层次重复

Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.

*1引导，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

a 从句

b 过去分词短语——ed

删去which is/are现在分词短语——ing

who 不定式短语——to。。。

（主语）形容词短语——adj

介词短语——prep

c独立主格结构

d副词：therefore，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。

Indeed，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。

Unfortunately，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。

介词短语，（even before。。。。。。，）主谓。。。。。。。。。

（先不读）抓主干（先看）

Even bofore1949，中共已受到全国人民的爱戴。

起连接作用主语

Admission：承认，允许进入

例如：No admission，japanese and dogs。不允许进入

Folks=people

signs：迹象，兆头瑞雪is a good sign for丰年

Heavy snow/rain 瑞雪、雨

harvesting year 丰年

Rain/Snowstorm(灾) 暴风雪

Even before Alan Greenspan's (当局)admission（that America's red-hot economy is cooling）,。。。。。。。。。。。。。同位语从句

Ben Bernanke 伯南克（美联储主席）

Admission：承认

red-hot economy：过热的经济

即使在当局（官方）承认之前，很多民众自己已经看到了XXX的迹象。（对立对比关系）

From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending.

From。。。to。。。，主谓。。。。

Lag滞后，徘徊不前，拖后腿。

Leg腿 English have been lagging for years。

car dealership：汽车经销商 Audi dealership BMWdealership

Deal：交易

Gap outlet The gap between the poor and the rich

肯定是卖东西的地方Generation gap 代沟（放在语境中背诵）

**as的用法小结

a表示原因=because，since，for

b表时间=when见P63二段一行，又P1二段倒数二行

upsetting令人难过的parallel类似的

Writing ： upsetting parallel are now available in nearly all walks of life,and one of my acquaintances may serve as a convincing example. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. Awaken sb to sth:使sb意识到sth

我们应该是人们意识到这种令人痛心的现象的严重性.

应该用被动语态

The general public should be made aware of the severity of such a phenomenon.

as:表原因,时间,

表比较:as many…as…

Not so much…as…与其说。。。，不如说。。。

表尽管,虽然=although=though

Writing: 尽管这幅图画咋一看起来很普通话,它意义深远.

Simple as the above image may appear at first glance,its intended meaning

Is fairly far-reaching.

=very

Gap-outlet品牌-商店;出口(发泄方式,表达方式)

Shopper

Temper:减轻,缓和v

parallel:类似的事情 n

Spending=cost=budget支出,花费

For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time.

crucial关键的小心的,谨慎的方式,方法来得真不是时候…………………………………….. 来的真是时候

The scientific approach科学的方法

The cautious approach 小心谨慎的方式

The intensive approach集约型的

The crude approach粗糙的,粗放的

Temper one’s spending

The cautious approach

Revenue:年收入 budget:支出

**逻辑关系之一:

总分结构

a总述b分述c分述d分述（一个总，三个分；考分述时答案在总述里）

Home prices are holding steady in most regions.In Manhattan, "there's a new gold rush happening in the ＄4 million to ＄10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses," says broker Barbara Corcoran.In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenziedoverbidding quiets. "Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,"

53. When mentioning "the ＄4 million to ＄10 million range" (Lines 3, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about .

［A］ gold market［B］real estate房地产

［C］stock exchange股票交易［D］venture investment风险投资

Stock market swings股市波动

An average student spends $80 weekly, (which is)predominantly fed by family.

主要地

Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too.

a总述b分述c分述d分述额e but f

e分水岭

Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last

year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet.

听，尚未听到任何警报（即事情还不是极为严重）

Consumers seem only mildlyconcerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.

稍稍勒紧腰带

Sound 。。。很好的

Physically sound身体好

Cognitively sould认知的，认知方面的很强

Environmentally sound环境方面很好

Rising concern，fortunately，has been given to such an upsetting phenomenon。

Panic：恐慌Panicked：恐慌的

Picnic野炊clinic诊所

remain optimistic保持乐观

hold steady保持稳定

long-term effect长期的效果

Short-term 短期的

很多人发现经济不景气，可是不绝望，甚至乐观

Bite one’s nails,panicked

even as=even when 即使当。。。

多变化：

do some belt-tightening=downscale= Temper one’s spending=The cautious approach

modest：谦虚的，中等的，一般的P81三段二行

Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions.In Manhattan, "there's a new gold rush happening in the ＄4 million to ＄10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses," says broker Barbara Corcoran.In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. "Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says John Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.

in despair在绝望中

desperate .adj 绝望的

in peril在危险中

Fortune 财产，财富

pretty 非常的=very=rather=fairly=quite

fame and fortune

名利

famous fortunately

此段主要说消费者不绝望的原因

放价稳定is mention to show 消费者的财产很好

第1句：分论点财产很好第2345句论据；第6句分论点有能力找到工作despite名词（词组）, 主谓

In spite of名词（词组）, 主谓

Given名词（词组）,主谓

尽管，虽然

Given all these disadvantages，it seems to have a variety of strengths。

advantages

Despite the dreadful headlines,consumers say they're not in despair because their own fortunes still feel pretty good.尽管媒体报导得很可怕，消费者说他们并不绝望，因为他们觉得自己的财产很好。

Dreadful可怕的headlines 媒体报道

even as=even quiet安静下来.v安静的.adj frenzied overbidding quiets crazy出价过高

real-estate房地产 broker经纪人overbid出价过高

Many folks see silver linings（好的方面） to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market.

would cheer for

bubble泡沫

wouldn't mind 很喜欢（不介意）

interest rates 利率

a good deal=a great deal=much+比较

a little + 比较

far=a long way+比较

silver linings好的方面

【谚语】Every cloud has its silver linings。每一片乌云都有它的银边。每一件不好的事情都蕴含着好的希望。

Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom..

a sustained boom.持久繁荣birth boom婴儿潮

sustained effort持续努力

sustainable development可持续发展

ingredient要素，成分

组成部分=component=element=part

Diners might see an upside, too.

第1句总topic第234句分述第5句呼应topic第6,7句第8句

an upside=silver linings

Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible，Not anymore. For that,Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting干杯. 美国当局

每句话分析透——多读

每一段总结出topic并理顺关系

No effort , no comfort.

No investing , no hauvesting.

= No pains , no gains.

本讲义大学英语课本考研英语精读教程《3147》《考研大趋势》

大量做题每种题型都做

题的来源1、中 2、理念真题 3、习题集

考研英语万能大作文模板考研英语高分作文模板—商志英语作文模板—考研英语作文模板

大作文： （1）正面（正确、积极的）：01、02、03、08、10 反面（不正确的做法、消极）：04、05、06、07、09、11 （2）一幅图还是两幅图（04、06） （3）作文有无规定题目（仅02） （4）1st：描述图画，2nd:解释图画要表达的含义，3rd：严重性及采取的举措。 例如：2011环境污染；2010：一个火锅——多种文化 ＊2012重点预测正面 2012考研大作文万能模板---英语一 第一段3句话 ①In the picture above,...... .第一句话（句型要用do+ing\with短语+非限定性定语从句）要将整个漫画内容描述完整。要考验大家的语法功底，首句很重要哦！ ②There has been a heated discussion about them in the newspaper. 第二句就是套话，大家也可以自己换其他自己喜欢的句子。 ③The picture , at the first glimpse , seem to be simple ,but only a penetrating sight can pierce through its superficial meaning. 同第二句解释的一样。 第二段6句话 记住：写作重点就在此段，因为大多数考研者都会把首尾段写得出色，但仅此这打动不了阅卷老师，比的就是谁的第二段写得漂亮，谁就获得高分的机会大。 ①The picture tells us that nothing can be compared with the (漫画主题词) / nothing is more harmful or damaging than the ( 主题词) . 当时漫画反映坏/好的方面的主题时，大家相应地进行替换。纵观2001-2011年的漫画都是如此，大家不用太怀疑。 ②In no country other than China ,it has been said ,is this phenomenon more obvious （好的主题用此句）. / is the problem of (有关主题词) more serious（坏的主题用此句）.

2019年考研英语一阅读理解答案

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