段落翻译与实践(英汉互译)1分析解析

Part II

段落翻译与实践

I. 汉译英

1．和平统一

1）促进统一，就要有个适当的方式。2）所以我们建议举行两党平等会谈，实行第三次合作。3）大陆和台湾有不同的意识形态，实行不同的政治制度，但绝不能让这

一点妨碍我们发展两岸关系，实现和平统一的大业。

1）To promote the reunification of the motherland, we must find a proper means.

2) So we suggest that the two Parties hold a talk on an equal footing and try for a third-time cooperation. 3) The fact the mainland and Taiwan have adopted different ideologies and political systems should not be allowed to stand in the way of developing the relations between two sides of the Taiwan Straits and achieving the peaceful reunification.

2．大学生…

1）现在大学生的学习压力相当重。2）除了大四，他们开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，而不愿参加校园团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿与他们的朋友玩玩，不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。3）总之，他们就像一个机器人。4）压力大，时间少，功课多。5）看到同寝室里的人都上图书馆去学习，到深夜闭馆才回，而自己却去看电影，他们就会有一种内疚感。6）一想到白天什么事都没干，心里就感到不安，会整夜因此睡不着觉。7）他们学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干些其他事，成为一个全面发展的人。8）读大学使他们失去太多的个人幸福和健康。

1) College students now bear heavy academic pressure. 2) You will find them—except seniors who are beginning to look for a job—always too busy in studies to join campus organizations, too busy to take part in sports and other extracurricular activities, too busy to share the interests of their friends, and too busy to pay attention to anything that is not connected with their studies. 3) In short, they

have become nothing but a robot. 4) They are under pressure to do too much work in too little time. 5) If their roommates are studying in the library until it closes at midnight while they go to a movie, they will feel guilty. 6) The very idea of doing nothing during the day will make them uncomfortable and sleepless all night. 7) They stud so hard that they have hardly had time to savor life and to pursue other interests to grow as well-rounded people. 8) The pursuit of college education costs them too much personal happiness and health.

3．金融危机

1）现在的国际金融是没有国界的。2）当东京的股市大跌时，受影响的不只是日本，而是全世界。3）因此要保持我们中国的经济稳定发展，就要帮助恢复亚太地区的稳定和发展。4）我们中国在这次亚洲金融危机中勇敢地承担了自己的责任。

[注释]

东京Tokyo

1) International finance has no respect for national borders. 2) When stock markets fall in Tokyo, the effects are no longer local; they are global. 3) So to have sustained economic growth. China must help to restore stability and growth in the Asia Pacific region. 4) China has steadfastly shouldered its responsibilities to the region in this latest financial crisis.

4．抗洪抢险…

1）这次长江流域的水灾是44年来最严重的。2）官方的数字表明已有2000多人死亡，1380万人被迫离开家园。3）占中国总耕地面积3%的450万公顷的农作物被毁。4）工厂被迫停工，产量受到影响。5）客运和货运也被迫中断。6）在未来的许多岁月里，人民都会感受到洪灾对中国经济的总体影响。7）尽管损失如此严重，举国上下，展开与洪水的斗争是非常值得称赞的。8）在抗洪斗争中，中国人民显示了令人叹服的守堤防洪的能力。9）例如这次国家调动了160万军队去帮助守护大堤，将被洪水淹没地区的百姓迁走。10）事实上，差不多有数百万平民百姓参加了这一人类巨大的斗争。

[注释]

公顷hectare

1) The floods in the Yangtze River basin are the worst in 44 years. 2) Official figures indicate that more than 2000 people have been drowned and 13.8 million have been driven from their homes.

3) Crops have been destroyed on 4.5 million hectares, 3 percent of China’s t otal cropland. 4) Industrial output has suffered as factories have had to shut. 5) The transportation of goods and people has been disrupted. 6) The overall effect on China’s economy will be felt for many months. 7/8 Despite the serious damage, China deserves a lot credit for the nationwide effort to deal with flooding, during which the Chinese have demonstrated a remarkable capacity for shoring up dikes and protecting themselves from flooding. 9) For example, 1.6 million troops have been mobilized to help protect the dikes and to move people out of areas being flooded. 10) Literally millions of civilians are involved in this enormous human effort.

5. 海滨浴场

1）游客就是冲着这一望无际的海滩和充足的阳光前来休养的。2）然而，随着青岛市的对外开放，青岛旅游业就显得过于单一。现代化设施也显得欠缺。3）虽然海滨浴场每年吸引了成千上万的中外游客，但却明显地受到季节自然因素的影响。

[注释]

青岛Qingdao

1) Its endless beaches and abundant sunshine attract tourists each year in search of rest and relaxation. 2) The opening of Qingdao to the outside world, however, has revealed the monotony of her touring programs and the inadequacy of modern facilities. 3) Take the bathing beach for example. It admits thousands of tourists from home and abroad annually, but its use is obviously limited by seasons and natural events.

6．投资市场

1）股票市场，国库券市场和企业债券市场是上海最大和最活跃的资本市场。2）这些市场的日趋活跃，表明上海金融体系越来越成熟，同时也看出上海企业正设法通过直接向群众借款的办法来克服信贷紧缩。3）它还说明，上海投资者越来越聪明。4）他们购买各种有价证券，从保值定期储蓄、国库券、股票、企业债券，到现在只要能使手中钱不因通货膨胀而贬值的各种其他金融债券。5）机构投资者和个人投资者踊跃购买每年发行的国库券。6）企业债券因为期限短，利率高于银行存款利率一到二个百分点，因此也十分受欢迎。7）人们争相购买证券，往往前一天晚上就在银行外排队，一个亿的债券几天就一售而空。

[注释]

国库券the treasury bond

1,2) Increasing activity in the stock market, the treasury bond and enterprise bond markets—Shanghai’s biggest and most active capital markets—reflects the growing sophistication of the local financial system and the efforts of local enterprises to beat the credit squeeze by borrowing directly from the public. 3, 4) It also indicates that Shanghai investors are getting smarter, spreading their portfolios among inflation-linked fixed bank deposits, treasury bonds, shares, and enterprise bonds, and other financial instruments now available as a hedge against inflation. 5) Treasury bonds issued each year has been the most popular with institutional and individual investors. 6) Enterprise bonds are also popular because they have a short maturity and offer an interesting rate of 1-2% more than the average bank deposit rate. 7) Often RMB 100 million worth of enterprise bonds are subscribed within a few days by anxious investors who queue overnight outside banks.

7．快乐教育

1）快乐教育是指强调培养学生成为德、智、体、美、劳全面发展的人。2）它改变了我们以往唯有高分的学生才是人才的观念。3）因为我们国家的建设事业不仅仅需要的是工程师和科学家，同样需要各行各业的能工巧匠。

1,2) By advocating enjoyable education we mean to challenge the notion that grades are an exclusive measure of one’s talent and to aim to develop children’s total personality, not just their academic ability. We are also value virtues, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. 3) For China in her development needs not only engineers and scientists, but talent of different kinds.

8．美国华人

1）70年代以来，美国华人社会发生了重大的变化。2）最显著的是许多来自大陆的中国人不断涌入美国，使美国华人的人数猛增。3）随着华人人口的迅猛增加和华族素质的明显提高，华人经济日趋繁荣。4）据悉，自1986年起，美国华人经济已跃居全美少数民族之首，遥遥领先于日裔、韩裔等其他后裔。5）美国华人家庭的年均收入已超过美国白人家庭。6）目前，一批华人企业家在美国经济界享有一定声望。7）更可喜的是，近年来美国冒出一批知名华裔科技人才。8）他们的科技成就引起了国际科技界的注意和钦佩。9）同时华人的政治地位明显提高，涉足美国政界的人越来越多。

1，2) Since the 1970s the Chinese community in the USA has undergone tremendous changes, among which is its rapid increase in population as many Chinese have kept flooding into America’s shore. 3) As the population of the American citizens of Chinese descent has increased and their qualities have evidently

improved, so their economic conditions have prospered. 4) It is said that since 1986 the US citizens of Chinese descent have leapt to a good lead over other racial minorities, Japanese and Koreans, for instance. 5) The average Chinese family’s yearly income has now come to exceed that of the average American family. 6) At present there is a number of enterprisers of Chinese descent in the economic circles in the US who enjoy considerable fame. 7) An even more cheerful phenomenon is that in recent years there have sprung up in the US prominent scientific and technical talents of Chinese descent. 8) Their achievements have come to command the notice and admiration of scientists and technical experts in the world. 9) Meanwhile, Chinese-descent citizens have more roles to play in American political circles, as they have risen evidently in political status.

9．谈国事

1）在谈话中，他涉及的是一些严肃的问题，诸如国有企业的改革，快速膨胀的政府机构，中国对亚洲邻邦承担的义务，决不使人民币贬值，整治环境和铲除腐败。2）自始至终，人们时而点头表示赞同，时而捧腹大笑。

1) In his talk, he tackled serious subjects, like the reform of state-owned enterprises and the growing bureaucracy, China’s commitme nt to her Asian neighbors and determination not to devalue her currency, the need to clean up the environment or root out corruption. 2) All the while, people alternately nodded in approval or held their sides with laughter.

10．小鸡风波

1）退休煤矿工人张师傅今年年初买了四只小鸡。2）有一天发现丢了一只，气得一个劲地埋怨老伴。3）傍晚，有一只小鸡突然从门外进来，随后邻居王某跟进院来，抓起小鸡就走。4）张老太哪里肯放。5）双方争吵起来。6）原来王某年初也买了两只小鸡，最近丢了一只。7）这时，另一个姓李的邻居过来了解情况。8）他将有争议的小鸡从两家中间撒出去。9）那只鸡不去王家，直向张家的鸡群跑去。10）张师傅叫了声“鸡鸡鸡”，他养的小鸡，连同有争议的那只，争先恐后地跑到他的脚下。11）王某无话可说，当场认错，一场小鸡风波平息了。

1) Mr. Zhang, a retired miner, bought four chicks early this year. 2) One day, he found one of them missing. He got so angry that he kept blaming his wife for it all the time. 3) Towards evening, into his yard came a chick, followed by his neighbor Wang, who ran to catch t he chick. 4) Naturally Zhang’s wife wouldn’t let him go with the chick, 5) and so a quarrel ensured. 6) It turned out that Wang had also lost one of his two chicks recently, which he bought nearly the same time as Mr. Zhang did. 7) Their quarrel drew another neighbor Lee to the yard to see what was happening. 8) Having heard the story, he put the chick somewhere between their homes and let it off. 9) The chick went straight to join Zhang’s flock and kept returning whenever it was driven to Wang’s home. 10) And at Zhang’s call “Chick, chick”, all the chicks including the one in question recede in response to him. 11) Wang had no more to say but made an immediate apologize. Thus ended the quarrel over a chick.

11．徐霞客

1）徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。2）他在考察的过程中，从不盲目迷信书本上的结论，从不把权威看作是真理的唯一基础。3）他发现前人研究的地理记载中有许多不很可靠的地方。4）为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；5）为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区、人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；6）他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。7）他不仅善于观察，观察的精确、耐心、客观、而且对观察的结果锲而不舍地进行思考。

1)During his life time, Xu Xiake visited 16 provinces, leaving his footprints

nearly everywhere across the land. 2) He never blindly accepted the conclusions given by books, nor did he treat authority as the sole basis for truth. 3) As a result, he found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors. 4,5) In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the particular places, he preferred to travel on foot instead of by cart or boat despite long distances, and even ventured into mountainous areas and jungles, which are rarely traveled by people and full of dangers. 5,6) The payoff for his effort was his discovery of many fantastic landscapes which attracted him to return in different season sand even different hours of the day to observe their kaleidoscopic spectacles. 7) He was not only a good observer, accurate, patient and objective, but also applied persistent thought to the observations he made.

12．“马桶文学”

1）在美国求学生涯是非常艰苦的，尤其是，三十岁了还在读书，又拖着两个顽童。

2）哈佛附近的房租奇贵无比，能租到一房一厅已经是相当不错了，3）房当然是被两个宝贝女儿占了，4）患难夫妻只好在厅里摆了一张沙发床，每天搬上搬下，5）厨房是在厅里的，我们这张床其实就在炉子边上，感觉好像是住在厨房里的老佣人。

6）先生的博士论文，就在厨房里的沙发床上想出来的，7）每到夜深人静，他就躺在沙发床上，半醒半睡地想公式。8）我从来没弄清他到底是醒着着还是睡着了，不敢开灯，想在饭桌上写文章就办不到了。

9）卧室里倒是有张书桌，先生不躺在沙发床上时，就地直霸占着这张书桌，等到书桌空出来，儿女已经入睡，卧室里又处于宵禁状况。10）躲到哪儿去写作呢？11）只有厕所了，我把马桶盖上，当成一个小书桌人蹲在地上，一个字一个字地写，一篇短文下来，腿已发麻了。12)这样辛苦出来，大部分被退稿不说，如果第二天不幸被我女儿翻出来当了玩具，就永远胎死腹中了。

“W. C. Literature”

1）Life is very tough for overseas students studying in America, especially for those who are over thirty and encumbered with two children.

2）The rent near Harvard is forbiddingly high. To be able to afford one bedroom

and one living room is enviable enough. 3）The former is of course the territory for our two dear daughters. 4）Being financially embarrassed, my husband and I have to content ourselves with sleeping in a sofa-bed in the living room. 5）Our kitchen being located there, the bed is in fact close to the stove, giving us the odd feeling that we are a pair of old servants quartered in that lowly place.

6）And it is in this piece of furniture that my better half designed his doctoral dissertation. 7）Every night be would lie in the bed half asleep and half awake thinking out his formulas. 8）Never being able to figure out in which state he was, I couldn’t switch on the light, thus eliminating the possibility of my writing at the dining table.

9）There is a desk in the bedroom, which is his colony when he is not occupying the sofa. When he withdraws from the lone position, the children are already fast asleep, necessitating the enforcement of a total blackout.10）Where can I entrench myself for my literary cerebrations? 11）There’s only the W. C. ! where I’ll go. I’ll let down the lid, making it serve as a mini-desk. There I’ll squat down and start composing. Finishing one short essay thus is enough to benumb both of my legs.

12)It the next day my daughters should happen to find the manuscripts and make toys with them, my brain-child would be still-born, not to mention the fate of rejection that will befall most of the contributions that are fortunate enough to escape the fate of destruction.

13．盲人挑灯

1) 一个漆黑的夜晚，一个苦行僧走到一个荒僻的村落中，他看见有一盏晕黄的灯正从巷道的深处静静地亮过来，身旁的一位村民说：“孙瞎子过来了。”2)苦行僧百思不得其解，一

个双目失明的人，挑起一盏灯笼岂不可笑？3)僧人于是问：“敢问施主，既然你什么也看不见，那你为何挑一盏灯笼呢？”4)盲人说：“现在是黑夜吗？我听说黑夜里如果没有灯光的映照，那么满世界的人都和我一样是盲人，所以，我就点燃了盏灯。”

5)僧人若有所悟地说：“原来您是为别人照明呀？”6)但那盲人却说：“不，我是为自己！”

7)盲人问僧人，你是否因为夜色漆黑而被其他行人碰撞过？但我就没有。虽说我是盲人，但我挑了这盏灯笼，既为别人照亮了路，也让别人看到了我而不会碰撞我了。

A Blind Man with A Lantern

1)One moonless night an itinerant monk wandered into a desolate village. Suddenly he descried a dim yellow light moving noiselessly towards him from the far end of a long lane. A villager close by told him, “Here comes Blindman Sun.”

2)The monk was much bewildered at the sight. Isn’t it ridiculous for a sightless person to carry

a lantern? 3)Thereupon he asked, “Excuse me, sir, may I ask why you are carrying a lantern when you are visually challenged?”

4)“Is it night now?” the visionless man asked. After getting satisfied in that particular, he explained, “I’m told that without any illumination, people throughout the world would all be groping in the dark, ther efore I’ve a lighted lantern with me.”

5)Seeming to have been enlightened somewhat, the religious man exclaimed. “So, sir, you’re lighting up the way for others?”

6)“No, for myself,” was the unexpected answer.

7)“Have you ever been bumped into by other ped estrians in the street because of utter darkness?” the differently-abled man querried. After getting an affirmative answer, he said, “But I’ve never. I have no vision, but, holding a lantern, I not only help the people see the way, but also myself, so that I won’t get knocked down.”

14．做人

1)母亲病了，住在医院里，我去守护她。

2) 很多人来探望母亲，他们带来各种各样的水果和补品。每一个人来，母亲都说：“你有心来探望我这把老骨头，我就很感激了；怎么能再让你破费？快把东西带回去给小孩吃。”

3)那些人自然不会把东西带回去。母亲叫我把东西硬塞回他们的怀里，可他们鬼机灵地把东西扔在桌子上就跑了。

4)母亲吃不了那么多水果和补品，就叫我也吃，一边看我吃，一边问：“好吃吗？”

5)我说：“好吃。”

6)过了两天，表哥来看望我的母亲，表哥手里空空的，没有水果，也没有补品，可是他临走时掏出一张百元大钞放在母亲的枕头边。7)母亲赶紧捡起钱，要还给表哥。8)表哥转身就走，母亲把钱递给我，指着表哥的背景说：“快。”

9)我接过钱去追表哥，追出很远才追上。10)表哥死活不肯要回钱。我硬把钱放在他的口袋里说：“快收下，别惹我妈生气。”

11)表哥摇摇头，无可奈何地说：“大姨这个人，心太好。”

12)我完成任务回到病房，母亲仰身半坐地问：“你表哥要不要？”

13)“他哪里肯要，我硬放进他口袋里去。”

14)母亲的头落回到枕头上，她不再说话，好久，才长长地叹了一口气。15)我赶紧凑到床前问：“你哪里不舒服？”

16)母亲伸出枯瘦的手抚摸我的脸说：“你几时才学会做人？”

17)我惶恐地问：“我哪里做错了？”

18)母亲抿抿嘴，似笑非笑地说：“我是你表哥的大姨，病成这个样子了，他给一百块钱不应该吗？”

19)我恍然大悟，转身再去追表哥。20)母亲一把拉住我的衣摆说：“你又错了。”

Learn the Ways of the World

1)My mother was hospitalized and I was often at her bed-side, looking after her.

2)She had lots of visitors, who invariably came with different kinds of fruit and tonics. Invariably she would decline thus, “I’m thankful enough to you for coming to see me. How can I bear to see you go to such expenses for my sake? Come on! Take those things back with you for your kids.”

3)Naturally, no caller would accept her suggestion, and mother would ask me to press the presents back into the hands of the guests, who would very cleverly leave the things on the table and quickly get away.

4)Not being able to consume so many nice things all by herself, she would invite me to share with her, and watching me eating, she would ask, “Aren’t they delicious?”

5)“Yes, they are, they are.”

6)Two days later, my elder male cousin on mo ther’s side came to see her, empty-handed. But before he left, he produced a one-hundred-yuan banknote and put it beside Mother’s pillow. 7)She hurriedly picked it up as a gesture of declination.8) My cousin quickly turned and left the ward. Mother handed the money to me, and pointing to his receding figure, and said, “Quick!”

9)I went after him with the money. It took me a long time before I intercepted him. 10)He simply wouldn’t take it back, but I succeeded in stuffing the banknote right into his pocket.“Take it back, please,” I said, “or my mother’ll be very angry.”

11)“Auntie indeed has a heart of gold,” my cousin said in admiration, which was emphasized with a resigned movement of the head.

12)Having carried out mother’s injunction, I returned to her side. She half rose from her lying position and asked, “Did he take it back?”

13)“No, he wouldn’t. I jammed it into his pocket.”

14)Mother’s head dropped back onto the pillow. She was silent for a long, long moment, and then let out a deep, deep sigh.15) I hurried over to the head of her bed and inquired concernedly, “Are you OK?”

16)She stroked my face with her emaciated hand and muttered, “When ever will you learn the ways of the world?”

17)“Have I done anything wrong?” I asked in trepidation.

18)Trying hard to compose her features into a smile, she let me into her thoughts. “I’m seriously ill. Shouldn’t he, my nephew, give me 100 yuan?”

19)Thoroughly enlightened as to her real intentions, I wheeled about, ready to catch my cousin again.20) She stopped my by gripping the hem of my coat, and murmured, “You’re wrong again.”15．当代人生启示录

思想

1)人与人之间最本质的区别不在于服饰和外貌，而在于思想。

2)我们没有见过孔子，也没有见过老子和庄子。3)但是，我们却可以毫不费力地就把孔子、老子和庄子区分开来，而我们区分他们的依据就是他们的思想。

4)思想的特点可以说是一个人最大的特点。

5)每个人的思想都是不一样的。6)对于那些善于思想、长于思想的人来说，他们的思想就更为独特。7)他们的思想蕴含着他们对人生，对这个世界的根本看法。

8)人的最伟大和最高贵之处其实就在于会思想。

9)在思想中，人可以获得更强大、更健全、更完整、更深刻的自我。

10)我们应该学会思想，并在生活中始终坚持思想。

Learn to Think

1)The most essential difference between one person and another lies not in apparel or appearances, but in mind.

2)None of us has seen Confucius, or Lao-tzu, or Zhuang-tzu (369-286 B. C.)

3)However, we can easily distinguish these philosophers. The distinction is based on their different thinking.

4)What characterizes one’s thoughts might be said to be his most outstanding feature.

5)Ways of thinking vary from one individual to another. 6)These who enjoy the advantage of being good at using their brains might show originality of thought.

7)Their thoughts reflect their fundamental views on life and on this world of ours.

8)As a matter of fact, the greatest and noblest quality of humans is their ability to ruminate.

9)In the course of his rumination, a person can arrive at a stronger and sounder self with greater perfectness and more depth.

10)Hence, the need to learn to think and to make constant use of this speciality.

( II 英译汉部分）

1.Pollution

1)Pollution is a problem because man, in an increasingly populated and industrialized world, is upsetting the environment in which he lives. 2) Many scientists maintain that one of man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement. 3) Now “growth” industri es are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life. 4) The growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed supply of air, water and land. 5) This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living. 6) Thus still greater demands for electricity, water and goods result in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of. 7) The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment.

8) Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage.

译文:

1）污染已成为问题，因为在当今人口越来越多，社会越来越工业化的世界上，人类正在污染他们居住的环境。2）许多科学家认为人类最大的错误是把发展和进步等同起来。3）现在人们以怀疑的态度看待“发展性”的产业，因为它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏各种生命之间的关系。4）人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。5）伴随着人口增长的是越来越多的人渴望更高的生活水平。6）于是对电、水和商品的更大需求必然造成有更多的废物要处理。7）这个问题已经引起人们对生物及其环境的日益关注。

8）许多人认为，人类没有尽快地解决这一问题，却只顾谋求私利，以致于到了无可挽救的地步以后才充分认识到这种损害。

2．Intelligent Test

1) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term “intelligence” than there is on how to interpret or classify them（还原性增补）. （分译法）2) But it is generally agreed （改为主动句）that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems（调整语序）. 3) An intelligence test is a rough measure （转译成动词）o f a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. 4) It （还原性增补）does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. 5) It is not supposed—it was（语言结构增补）not designed for such purposes. 6) To criticize it（还原性增补）for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. 7) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects （确定词义）provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison （分译法）.

译文:

1）人们对智力所指的有那些不同表现看法比较一致，而对这些表现如何进行解释和分类，意见就不那么一致了。2）但人们一般认为智力高的人在处理问题时能抓住要点，善于区分，能进行逻辑推理，和利用语言和数学符号。3）智力测试只能粗略地衡量孩子的学习能力，尤其是学习学校要求的东西的能力。4）智力测试并不能衡量一个人的个性，社会适应力，耐力性，劳动技能，或艺术才能。5）人们不认为能做到这些，当初也不是为这些目的设计的。6）批评智力测试不能做到这一些，就如同批评温度计不能测风速一样。7）既然对智力的评估是相对而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公正的”比较。

Problem with Educational System

1) There are 39 universities and colleges offering degree courses in Geography, but I have never seen any good jobs for Geography graduates advertised. 2) Or am I alone in suspecting that they will return to teach Geography to another

set of students, who in turn will teach more Geography undergraduates? 3) Only ten universities currently offer degree courses in Aeronautical Engineering, which perhaps is just as well,in view of the speed with which the aircraft industry has been dispensing with excess personnel. 4) On the other hand, hospital casualty departments throughout the country are having to close down because of the lack of doctors. 5) The reason?University medical schools can only find places for half of those who apply.

dispense with v. 裁减人员

6) It seems to me that time is ripe for the Department of Employment and the Department of Education to get together with the universities and produce a revised educational system that will make a more economic use of the wealth of talent, application and industry currently being wasted on diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about.

[注释]

the Department of Employment 就业部

the Department of Education 教育部

译文:

1）目前全国有39所大学开设地理学位课程，但我从未看到广告上有招聘地理专业的大学毕业生的好工作。2）或是不是只有我一个人怀疑他们将回到学校教另一批学生的地理，而这些学生将来又去教更多的学生的地理？3）现在只有10所大学开设航天工程学位课程，考虑到飞机制造业一直在裁员的速度，还是这样做好。4）另一方面，由于缺少医生，全国的医院急诊室不得不纷纷关门。5）为什么？因为大学的医学院只能为申请攻读学位的一半人提供名额。

6）对我说来，时机已经成熟，就业部和教育部应当和各大学携手起来，改革我们的教育制度，使之更珍惜地使用学位的人才资源，学生的刻苦勤奋精神。而现在这些人才和努力都浪费在无人感兴趣的文凭和学位上。

4. Novelists

1) But if the open air and adventure mean everything to Defoe they mean nothing to Jane Austen. 2) Here is the drawing room, and people talking, and by the many mirrors of their talk revealing their characters. 3) And if, when we have accustomed ourselves to the drawing room and its reflections, we turn to Hardy, we are once more spun around. 4) The moors are round us and the stars are above our heads. 5) The other side of the mind is now exposed—the dark side that comes uppermost in solitude, not the light side that shows in company.

6) Our relations are not towards Nature and destiny. 7) Y et different as these worlds are, each is consistent with itself. 8) The maker of each is careful to observe the laws of his own perspective, and however great a strain they may put upon us they will never confuse us, as lesser writers so frequently do, by introducing two different kinds of reality into the same book.

译文:

1）如果说旷野和历险对笛福的小说是主题，那么对奥斯丁小说就毫无意义。2）她的小说是客厅和客厅中闲聊的人们。他们的谈话像一面面镜子，反映出他

们的性格。3）当我们熟悉了奥斯丁的客厅和反映出来的事物后再去读哈代的小说，又得转向另一个世界。4）周围茫茫荒野，头顶一片星空。5）此时心态的另一面被揭示出来：不是聚会结伴时显示出来的轻松一面，而是孤独时最容易萌生的忧郁阴沉。6）和我们接触的也不是人，而是自然和命运。7）这些作家描写的世界是完全不同的，但它们都自然一体。8）每个世界的创造者都小心翼翼遵循自己观察事物的法则，不管他们的作品读起来是如何的费力，却不会像二流作家那样，把两种完全不同的世界塞进同一本书，让人感到不知所云。

5. The Law of Competition

1) Under the law of competition, the employer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies, among which the rates paid to labor figure prominently. 2) The price which society pays for the law, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is great, but the advantages of this law are also greater than its cost—for it is to this law that we owe our wonderful material development, which brings improved conditions in its train. 3) But, whether the law be benign or not, we cannot evade it; of the effect of any new substitutes for it proposed we can not be sure; and while the law may be sometimes hard for the individual, it is best for the race, because it insures the survival of the fittest in every department. 4) We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment; the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial, but essential