专八翻译技巧
八级翻译的八大技巧及实例讲解
1.选词
（1）Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans (2000)
说起那些英年早逝的杰出人物，人们自然会想到玛丽莲·梦露和詹姆斯·迪恩斯……
（2）In his classic novel, The Pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. (2003)
在其经典小说《开拓者》中，詹姆士·菲尼摩尔·库珀让主人公，一个土地开发商，带着他表妹参观他正在建设的一座城市。
（3）Do not dicate to your author: try to become him. (2005)
不要对作者发号施令/指手画脚，要努力站在作者的立场上。
（4）这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。(2007)
By eating the luxuriant/lush/exuberant water grass, they grow fat and look like chubby babies.
（5）会议室门口贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。(2009)
Usually a notice is put on the front door of a conference room which reminds the participants to switch off their mobile phones.
2.词类转换
（1）The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. (2001)
游戏规则就是把困难武断地强加于人。
（2） In his classic novel, The Pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. (2003)
在其经典小说《开拓者》中，詹姆士·菲尼摩尔·库珀让主人公，一个土地开发商，带着他表妹参观他正在建设的一座城市。
（3）War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny (2006)
尽我们的力，用上帝赋予我们的全部力量，同一个穷凶极恶的暴政进行战争……
（4）Our world is bursting with knowledge—but desperately in need of wisdom. (2007)
当今世界知识爆炸，而我们仍然十分迫切地需要智慧。
（5）也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。(2007)
Perhaps they are using every minute to chew again before going home.
Perhaps they are using every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home.
（6）尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。（2002）
This is particularly true of the people living in rural areas/the countryside where their way of life/living has remained unchanged for thousands of years.
（7）古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命 (2005)
Throughout history, outstanding people have always been very serious about their lives…
词类转换有一定的规律可循，在汉英翻译中，汉语的动词常常转换成英语的名词、形容词、介词；汉语的形容词和副词有时也转换成英语的名词；在英汉翻译中，词类转换主要是英语的名词、介词、形容词、副词转换成汉语的动词。
3.形合和意合的转换
（1）Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. (2002)
成功者勇于独立思考，敢于展示才华。经过形合向意合的转换，译文更符合汉语的习惯。
（2）Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. (2004)
接着有那么一小会儿，我感觉屋子又大又空，不知道自我藏在何处。
(3) They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers. (2002)
他们能区分客观事实和主观臆断，不假装什么都懂。
（4）人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界是需要开发。（2008）
Human beings need to tap into their inner world, as is the case with their own intelligence.
(5) 这样，他们可以贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥秘。（2000）
In this way they can get closer to advanced science and technology so as to probe their mysteries.
(6) …饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。（2004）
…when you are hungry, even chaff tastes sweeter than honey; whereas when you are full, honey does not taste sweet at all.
(7)人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。（2004）
Human beings are interesting in that when you meet a person for the first time, you are likely to notice only his or her merits.
（8）现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。（1999）At the present, among the 1.8 million Vancouver residents, half of them are not native-born and one out of every four residents is from Asia.（9）…不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。（2005）
…unwilling to spend time unproductively nor to let a single minute of their lives slip by.
（10）孩子需要家庭，家庭似乎也需要孩子。（1999）
Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children.
并句译法
（1）一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？（2005）
How significant is a person’s life? Is there a standard to evaluate it?
Is there a standard to evaluate the significance of a person’s life?
（2）更为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。
It is an all too familiar scene that someone walking down the street suddenly stops to send text messages, their eyes fixed on the phone screen, regardless of whether they are in the middle of the street or next to a public toilet.
（3）大自然对人们的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。（2002）
Nature bestows the same favors upon all human beings, whether they are rich or poor.
（4）它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。（2007）
Hardly any of them take time to raise their heads to glance at the beautiful twilight.
（5）打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。（2009）
Keeping our cell phones on symbolizes our connection with the world and shows our hunger for social intercourse.
（6）第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。
The second generation museums are those of industrial technology which present the fruits achieved by industrial civilization at different stages of industrialization.
（7）We are before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering. (2006)我们所面临的是极其严酷的考验，是旷日持久的战斗和苦难。
（8）Do not dicate to your author: try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. (2005)
不要对作者发号施令/指手画脚，要努力站在作者的立场上。
断句译法
（1）However, too many of the world’s leaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler’s threat: “ They go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent.” (2009)
当年有很多政界要人对阿道夫·希特勒的威胁置之不理，温斯顿·丘吉尔曾经这样形容过他们：“他们行为怪异、自相矛盾，明明作出了决定却又优柔寡断，明明下定了决心却又摇摆不定，明明实力强
大却虚弱无力。”
（2）War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. (2006)
这是一个非常凶残的暴政，在人类黑暗可悲的罪行记录上前所未有，我们要尽我们的全力，用上帝赋予我们的全部力量和这个暴政进行战争。
（3）Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. (2000)
诗人约翰·济慈去世时年仅26岁，这一事实令作家们很难接受。他们过了26岁就会半开玩笑地说自己的一生碌碌无为，一事无成。
（4）中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。（2006）
Since ancient times, the peoples of China have never considered human being to be superior to other animal species. According to Chinese philosophy, literature and art, human beings occupy a position relative to all other creatures in the natural world and do not absolutely dominate them.
（5）愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。（2004）
The more courses you have, the calmer you will become. By the end of the dinner, you will have noticed all its shortcomings.
（6）在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。（2003）
The more courses you have, the calmer you will become. By the end of the dinner, you will have noticed all its shortcomings.
（7）一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢。（2003）
One spring evening when the flowers were in full bloom, my parents held a banquet in the garden. As the guests gathered, the whole garden was filled with laughter.
（8）古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度学习，不让时间白白地浪费掉。（2005）
Throughout history, outstanding people have always been very serious about their lives. As long as they live, they make the best use of every minute of their lives to work and study as much as possible, never wasting their time.
增词
（1）在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。（2003）
Before I became ill, my parents indulged me and it was easy for me to get my own way. When I was ill, however, I was confined to a hillside room in my family’s garden. It made me feel neglected and I felt depressed.
（2）始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。（2004）
Usually you have a very good impression when you taste the first course or the cold dishes.
（3）我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。（2009）
We are all ordinary people who have few important/urgent things to do.
（4）尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。（2009）
This is particularly true of the people living in the countryside where their way of life has remained unchanged for thousands of years.（5）……当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。（2005）
…as long as they live, they always labor, work, and study as hard as possible, unwilling to spend time unproductively nor to waste even a single moment of their lives.
（6）Let that be realized. (2006)
我们必须认识到一点。
（7）Victory at all costs—victory in spite of all terrors—victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival. (2006)
不惜一切代价，去赢得胜利；不畏任何恐惧，去赢得胜利；无论道路多么遥远和艰难，也要赢得胜利，因为没有胜利就不能生存。
（8）…the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet. (2007)
不管人类做了什么，还是什么都不做，这个星球上的生命乃至这个星球的寿命都会受到威胁。
省词
（1）所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。（2002）
Therefore, all human individuals have become unanimously and profoundly dependent on Nature.
Therefore, all humans are deeply dependent on Nature.
（2）……当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。（2005）
…as long as they live, they always labor, work, and study as hard as possible, unwilling to spend time unproductively nor to waste even a single moment of their lives.
（3）这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态 (2004)
The reason is that, firstly, when you begin to eat you are hungry…
（4）他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。（1999）
Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver within the last five years, making Vancouver the largest area outside Asia where ethnic Chinese live.
（5）因为我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小 (2006)
So, in general, we Chinese people feel less depressed than westerners…
调整语序
（1）However, too many of the world’s leaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler’s threat: “They go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be
impotent.” (2009)
当年有很多政界要人对阿道夫·希特勒的威胁置之不理，// 温斯顿·丘吉尔曾经这样形容过他们：“他
们行为怪异、自相矛盾，明明作出了决定却又优柔寡断，明明下定了决心却又摇摆不定，明明实力强大却虚弱无力。”
（2）And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out. (2004)
有时当我从外地讲学回到家，或者当我见了许多人，说了许多话，满脑子纷乱的思绪需要梳理的时候，我也会感到孤独。
（3）…we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. (2009)
……我们星球的大气层虽然已经很薄了，我们却又向它排放了7000万吨的温室气体，大气层简直就是露天下水道。
第三章 常用翻译技巧
第三章常用翻译技巧 了解和掌握一定的翻译技巧有助于提高我们的翻译能力，一般而言，大致有下述8种基本技巧：1) 选词用字（Diction）2) 增词法（Amplification）3) 省略法（Omission）4) 转换法（Conversion）5) 重复法（Repetition）6) 语序调整(Inversion) 7) 正说反译，反说正译（Negation）8) 长句拆译(Division) &分清主从（Subordination）。 3．1 选词用字 简而言之就是“choice of words” (选词用字)，就是说，在理解原文时，由于汉、英两种语言在行文用字、表达方式上的差异，对一些词或短语的理解必须结合上下文进行推敲，找出它们的内涵意义（connotation），再在译文中选用恰当的词汇使表达准确而通顺，符合译文习惯。 例1．Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 译1：爱整洁的人经常买贵的、小的单一的东西。× 译2：办事讲究的人买什么都注重少而精，愿买贵的。√ 例2．They want quality, but at a budget price. 译1：他们需要质量，但却要预算价格。× 译2：他们又要货好，又要价格合算。√ 例3．On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. (1)“little grace”和“less give”：“几乎没有优雅”、“更少的给予”？言不达意且文脉不通。 (2) 必须推敲它们在此上下文中的具体意义：既然是政治谈判，所谓“优雅”不就是“讲礼貌、讲客气”、“give”不就是“让步、妥协”之意吗？ (3) “less”一词更须注意，它是前面“little”的比较级，说明“give”比“grace”更少。译文如下： 在台湾问题上，双方几乎没有多少客气可讲，更谈不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes… 文中“stay”“tastes”二字极其通俗，而“budgets”却又十分抽象。如何在译文中用符合行业规范的词语表达值得推敲。直译“逗留”“预算”“口味”均不合适，读者无法接受。根据上下文语义，结合目前流行的说法，“下榻”、“档次”、“品味”译得恰到好处。
专八翻译视频课程讲解
专八翻译 主讲老师：聂磊 概况 一、题型：汉-英(划线) →英-汉(划线)；各150字 二、时间：各30分钟 三、分值：各10分 四、考纲要求： 汉-英：我国报刊上的文章、国情介绍和一般文学作品；译文忠实、流畅。 英-汉：英美报刊杂志上的文章和文学原著；译文忠实、流畅。 面临的问题 一、词汇：词汇积累不够，活跃词汇量低。 二、阅读：质低、量小、面偏。 三、课堂教学：违反翻译的认知与实践规律；练习密度差、强度小。 四、学习：练习密度差、强度小；欣赏有余、对比、分析、思考、总结不足。 备考策略 一、坚持扩大词汇量。 二、加大练习力度，以练促学、代学，拒绝赏析。 三、练习即模考。 四、语篇练习为主。 五、以真题为本，反复练习。 六、对比、分析、思考、总结四合一。 时间规划—22周 一、第1-6周：熟悉翻译技巧，每周练2篇。 二、第7-14周：熟悉考试及考场，每周3篇。 三、第15-20周：应试强化练习，每周4篇。 四、第21周：总结应试技巧、经验。 五、第22周：继续总结，模考1-2次。 时间规划—14周 一、第1-2周：熟悉翻译技巧，每周练2篇。 二、第3-8周：熟悉考试及考场，每周3篇。 三、第9-12周：应试强化练习，每周4篇。 四、第13周：总结应试技巧、经验。 五、第14周：模考3篇。 应试策略 一、开头与结尾要多分配时间。 二、英译汉多注意理解，汉译英多注意表达。 三、英语译文必须语法正确。 四、英汉语表达多用有把握的词句。 五、谨慎对待考场灵感。 六、对待难点宜“软”不宜“硬”。 七、在试卷上做适当的勾划。 推荐书目 一、英语专业八级考试(单项突破)系列书目之《翻译与写作》(上海外语教育出版社，邹申) 二、《大学英语翻译教程》(上海外语教育出版社,蔡基刚) 三、《汉英翻译技巧示例》(外文出版社，唐义均)
专八翻译笔记
专八翻译笔记 武汉新东方刘畅? Be strong and of good courage; do not be afraid, nor be dismayed, for the Lord your God is with you wherever you go. – Joshua 1:9 第一章综述 一、何谓翻译？ ? T —— tell ? R —— reader ? A —— authentic ? N —— native ? S —— smooth ? L —— language ? A —— and ? T —— touch upon ? E —— essence ? 英语的翻译“translation”是由trans-和-late构成。翻译是指两种语言的信息转换，即甲方说的意思换成乙方的语言表达。Steiner说：“翻译就是理解。”理解的对象就是原文的意义，理解原文的意义是达到翻译标准“忠实、通顺”的前一项（忠实）的前提，“通顺”只是表达阶段的事。不论是什么翻译，意义为先，形式为次。因此，可以说，理解为先，表达为次。 ? 二、大纲要求 ? 1、教学大纲 ? 能运用翻译的理论和技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语，速度为每小时250~300个英文单词。英文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。能担任一般外事活动的口译。 ? 2、考试大纲 ? 汉译英项目要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍，以及一般文学作品的节录。速度为每小时250~300汉字。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺。 ? 英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译英美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述文以及文学原著的节录。速度为每小时约250~300词。译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。 ? 三、试题特点 – 1、文体： ? 汉译英：记叙、介绍、散文、论说 ? 英译汉：散文、论说、评论、演讲 – 2、语域： ? 人文历史，无科技翻译 – 3、内容：无专门学术领域知识 ? 注意： ? 1、各年的翻译选段都是较正式的语体，未见不正式的讽刺性杂文，也未见不正式的小说对话。即使涉及文学，也是作家的作品或思想介绍。 ? 2、为了帮助考生更好地理解待翻译的篇段，一般都提供较多的上下文。但考生务必只翻译划线部分。
常用翻译技巧.
1)Diction（选词用字） 2)Amplification（增词法） 3)Omission（省略法） 4)Conversion（转换法） 5)Repetition（重复法） 6)Inversion(语序调整) 7)Negation（正说反译，反说正译） 8)Division (长句拆译) & Subordination（分清主从） 例1. Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 意译：办事讲究的人买什么都讲少而精，愿买贵的。 √ 例2．They want quality, but at a budget price. 意译：他们又要货好，又要价格合算。√ people at budget:精打细算过日子的人 例3．On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. 在台湾问题上，双方几乎没有多少客气可讲，更谈
不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes… 试译：无论乘坐何种交通工具都能迅速抵达郑州，下榻此处会让你倍感舒适，这里的住宿条件能充分满足各种档次和品味的要求……。 例4．New HSR and Maglev would have all-new, state-of-the-art train control system. The Accelerail options were estimate with train control systems providing speed and authority enforcement. 译文：新型高速列车或磁浮列车须装置全新的、造形精美的列车操纵系统，可供选用的列车操纵系统必须能提供速度和（威力）强大的加速力。 例6．一幢乡村小学的教学楼，建了7年还是个半拉子工程。 The construction of the teaching building of a village school, which was started seven years ago, has ended up a
2016专八真题翻译题及答案详解
2016年专八翻译题及答案详解 “流逝”表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。子在川上曰：“逝者如斯夫。”他们发现无论是潺潺小溪，还是浩荡大河，都一去不复返，流逝之际青年变成了老翁而绿草转眼就枯黄，很自然有错阴的紧迫感。流逝也许是缓慢的，但无论如何缓慢，对流逝的恐惧使人们必须用“流逝”这个词来时时警戒后人，必须急匆匆地行动，给这个词灌注一种紧张感。 【参考译文1】 They have found that the flowing water,either a murmuring stream or a mighty river, passes quickly and never returns. With the passage of time, the young become the old and the green grass turns yellow. People naturallyhave a sense of urgency to value every bit of time. As time goes by,no matter how slowly it elapses, people always use the word “liushi” to warn thelater generations for fear of time’s flowing away. They tell their descendants to treasure every single minute and make a hurried action, which adds a sense of tension to the word. 【参考译文2】 They find that either a murmuring stream or a mighty river has gone forever and that the passage of time turns a young man into an old one, and yellows of the grass, which sends a massage of how time flies. Maybe the passing of time is slow. But no matter how slow it is, it makes people so fearful that they use “passage” to warn the later generations to rush. And the use of “passage” also infuses a sense of tension into the word. 【参考译文3】
专八英译汉段落翻译完整版 中英文对照
My First Job When I reached the age of twelve I left the school for ever and got my first fulltime job, as a grocer’s boy. I spent my days carrying heavy loads, but I enjoyed it. It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal, for I could never stomach speaking to my “betters” with the deference my employer thought I should assume. But the limit was reached one Tuesday — my half holiday. On my way home on that day I used to carry a large basket of provisions to the home of my emplo yer’s sister-in-law. As her house was on my way home I never objected to this. On this particular Tuesday, however, just as we were putting the shutters up, a load of smoked hams was delivered at the shop. “Wait a minute,” said the boss, and he opened the load and took out a ham, which he started to bone and string up. I waited in growing impatience to get on my way, not for one minute but for a quite a considerable time. It was nearly half-past two when the boss finished. He then came to me with the ham, put it in the basket beside me, and instructed me to deliver it to a customer who had it on order. This meant going a long way out of my road home, so I looked up and said to the boss: “Do you know I finish at two on Tuesday?” I have never seen a man look m ore astonished than he did then. “What do you mean?” he gasped. I told him I meant that I would deliver the groceries as usual, but not the ham. He looked at me as if I were some unusual kind f insect and burst into a storm of abuse. But I stood firm. He gave me up as hopeless and tried new tactics. “Go out and get another boy,” he yelled at a shop-assistant. “Are you going to deliver them or not?” the boss turned to me and asked in a threatening tone. I repeated what I had said before. “Then, out of here,” he shouted. So I got out. This was the first time I had serious trouble with an employer.
汉译英的几种翻译技巧
汉译英的几种常用技巧（一）常用的翻译技巧1. 增译2. 减译（省译）3. 重复 4. 转译 5. 语序（词序/句序）调整（倒置） 6. 拆句与合并7. 正说反译, 反说正译8. 语态变换 1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达 方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。 这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思完整。 总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。 1. I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到
2.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。 4.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 5. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 6. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 7. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 8. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 9. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。
翻译的八大常用技巧
1. 重译法：为了明确、为了强调、为了生动 2. 增译法：为了更忠实于原文的意思，而又更合乎译文的表达习惯 3. 减译法：源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法 4. 词类转移法：语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变，词序有时也随之变化 5. 词序调整法：语言之间构成形式并非完全相同，做必不可少的词序改变 6. 分译法：主要用于长句的翻译，有时存在于词语语义的分译 7. 正反翻译法：由于语言的习惯差异---正话反说，反话正说 8. 语态变换法：主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换 In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediate render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal. 一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭，因而处于战争状态时，缔约国的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。 A large family has its difficulties. 大（家庭）有大（家庭）的难处。 Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold. 这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具，当的当了，卖的卖了。 Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.
2018专八真题解析
2018年专八试卷核对 试卷一 [20 M1NJ PAK1 n JKA\JSI.AU<^ Trun\kitc fhe ufuitrlimtl pari t/f rhe It'.rf fnun ('hinese info Fn吵询.何制尸 trumfar^n 何A V.s H A/Z \HEk T HfREE ? 文―起昭便我灯的内Cf可以达到这样的擁’繼勰恥煎感*生活不如童时. 戈聲书1?舞我们養供「“以迖到卅比塚宾咀h打I傀界沁弟叭即的木町tfe比我训曼先生活中的冰薪捕，犬比般心城实中时天要运「理实中没f 籃的辽节.扪杵.”吧仃氷價曲t最山恰埒祝英柠》押（岁常戏打朱渦叫汕ijt恢盘弼补找们现赏哇话申所存在的彳; 班和削艇： H 2018TEM8 作文：追求完美好还是不好 ps :作文为材料作文，两则材料，材料主题为“追求完美好还是不好” 1. formal innovation 2. rapport 3. atte nding sect ion 4. writing long papers 5. high nu mbers 6. being filmed 7. comparable questio ns 8. a n atural order 9. figure out 10. s e nsitive
Il.repeat ing 12.i ntegrate into 13.lo gical or n atural 14. edit ing 15. fu ndame ntal eleme nts 听力： 1. The initial letters of an easy-to-remember phrase 2. [A] he's made up his mind to cha nge some of his passwords. 3. in truders are patie nt eno ugh to compute. 4. [D] The US takes up the leadi ng edge of tech no logy. 5. [A] Why not to write dow n passwords on no tebooks 6. [D] the developme nt of gen etic tests is out of people's expectati on. 7. [C] misgivi ng. 8. [A] improve self-discipline of the industry. 9. [D] Alie nated. 10. stre ngthe n its supervisi on with in limits. 阅读： 11. [C] they are lack ing in skills required by certa in jobs. 12. [A] was a pion eer in the welfare state of Great Brita in. 13. the frailties of huma n n ature. 14. [D] appeara nee. 15. [C] the pursuit of econo mic ben efit
专八翻译技巧
八级翻译的八大技巧及实例讲解 1.选词 （1）Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans (2000) 说起那些英年早逝的杰出人物，人们自然会想到玛丽莲·梦露和詹姆斯·迪恩斯…… （2）In his classic novel, The Pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. (2003) 在其经典小说《开拓者》中，詹姆士·菲尼摩尔·库珀让主人公，一个土地开发商，带着他表妹参观他正在建设的一座城市。 （3）Do not dicate to your author: try to become him. (2005) 不要对作者发号施令/指手画脚，要努力站在作者的立场上。 （4）这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。(2007) By eating the luxuriant/lush/exuberant water grass, they grow fat and look like chubby babies. （5）会议室门口贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。(2009) Usually a notice is put on the front door of a conference room which reminds the participants to switch off their mobile phones. 2.词类转换 （1）The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. (2001) 游戏规则就是把困难武断地强加于人。 （2）In his classic novel, The Pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. (2003) 在其经典小说《开拓者》中，詹姆士·菲尼摩尔·库珀让主人公，一个土地开发商，带着他表妹参观他正在建设的一座城市。 （3）War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny (2006) 尽我们的力，用上帝赋予我们的全部力量，同一个穷凶极恶的暴政进行战争…… （4）Our world is bursting with knowledge—but desperately in need of wisdom. (2007) 当今世界知识爆炸，而我们仍然十分迫切地需要智慧。 （5）也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。(2007) Perhaps they are using every minute to chew again before going home. Perhaps they are using every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. （6）尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。（2002） This is particularly true of the people living in rural areas/the countryside where their way of life/living has remained unchanged for thousands of years. （7）古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命 (2005) Throughout history, outstanding people have always been very serious about their lives… 词类转换有一定的规律可循，在汉英翻译中，汉语的动词常常转换成英语的名词、形容词、介词；汉语的形容词和副词有时也转换成英语的名词；在英汉翻译中，词类转换主要是英语的名词、介词、形容词、副词转换成汉语的动词。 3.形合和意合的转换 （1）Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. (2002)
北外口译翻译技巧资料(英译汉)
英译汉 Chapter One 词义的选择、引申和褒贬 一．词义的选择 （一）根据词性 He likes physics. They are shining like gold. Like knows like. (二) 根据上下文联系 He is the last man to do it. He should be the last to blame. He is the last man to come. He is the last person for such a job. 二．词义的引申 （一）将词义做抽象化的引申 1．将表示具体形象的词译成该形象代表的属性 Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活有甜有苦。 There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of them. 他们的性格既残暴，又狡猾。 2．将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的词 see-sawing between partly good and faintly bad 时好时坏这两种情况不断地交替出现 Their troops goosestepped into power. 他们的军队耀武扬威地夺取了政权。 （二）将词义做具体化的引申 The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green. 我前面的车停下来了，我错过了绿灯。 三．词义的褒贬 （一）英语中有些词本身具有褒贬意义 He was a man of high renown. 他是位有名望的人。 His notoriety didn’t come until his death. 他的恶名是他死后才传开的。 （二）中立意义的词在上下文中译出褒贬 The politician talked about his hopes and ambitions. 我们要求他谈了他的希望和抱负 He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds. 他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。 练习: Information technology will be at the heart of global economic competition in the 21st century.
8, 翻译常用八种方法(考试复习)
考试复习 一、选择题（每小题1分，共20分） 翻译常见的八种技巧： 1．重复repetition 在翻译中被称为一种技巧，自然就不是一般所说的不必要的重复，而是一种必不可少的方法。可以这样确定它的定义：在翻译中，有时为了忠实于原文，不得不重复某些词语，否则就不能忠实表达原文的意思。这种反复使用某些词语于翻译的方法就叫重译法。一般说来，重译法有如下三个作用：一是为了明确；二是为了强调；三是为了生动。 We have to analyze and solve problems．我们要分析问题，解决问题。 2．增译addition/amplification 什么叫增译法?我们可以这样确定它的定义：为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯，必须增加一些词语，这就叫增译法。 送君千里，终有一别。 Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles，yet the parting must come at last．
3．减译法deletion 和其他一切事物一样，翻译也是有增必有减。懂了增译法之后自然也就会懂得什么是减译法。它是增译法的反面：以同一个译例来说，在英译汉中如果用增译法的话，在汉译英中自然就要用减译法了。把第二节中的31个例子倒译的话(即把汉译英改为英译汉或把英译汉变为汉译英)，所用的译法就不是增译法而是减译法了。 关于减译法，应该记住这样一条总原则：减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的；换言之，减译法是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词，但减译并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。 此外，冠词、连词、代词(尤其是人称代词、关系代词)、关系副词，等等，在英语中经常使用，但译成汉语时几乎很少出现，要使译文忠实而地道，减译法就自然必不可少了。例如： A book is useful． 书(是)有用(的)。 4．词类转移法conversion 在翻译时，由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达
翻译的八大常用技巧
作用与意义 1. 重译法：为了明确、为了强调、为了生动 2. 增译法：为了更忠实于原文的意思，而又更合乎译文的表达习惯 3. 减译法：源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法 4. 词类转移法：语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变，词序有时也随之变化 5. 词序调整法：语言之间构成形式并非完全相同，做必不可少的词序改变 6. 分译法：主要用于长句的翻译，有时存在于词语语义的分译 7. 正反翻译法：由于语言的习惯差异---正话反说，反话正说 8. 语态变换法：主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换 In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediate render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal. 一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭，因而处于战争状态时，缔约国的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。 A large family has its difficulties. 大（家庭）有大（家庭）的难处。 Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold. 这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具，当的当了，卖的卖了。 Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown. 舟遥遥以轻扬，风飘飘而吹衣。 Ridges of fields grow few and far between, While far away some cottages are seen. 梯田渐渐稀，村舍遥遥对。 寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最将难息。 Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart!
常用十大翻译技巧之一增译法
常用十大翻译技巧之一：增译法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练，因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如： （1）What about calling him right away?
马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语） （2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句） （3）Indeed, the reverse is true. 实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词） （4）就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.（增译物主代词） （5）只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. （增译连词） 1
英语专业八级考试十大翻译技巧讲解
英语专业八级考试十大翻译技巧讲解
英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然 会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换 法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这 些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练，因为 口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 1．增译法： 指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短 句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主 句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无 主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。 英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词 使用频率较高， 凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时， 必须在前面加上物 主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。 英语词与词、 词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示， 而汉语则往往通过 上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词 和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、 注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整， 二是保证译文意思的明确。 如： （1）What about calling him right away？ 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语） （2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations． 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！ （增译主句） （3）Indeed， the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。 （增译名词） （4）Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights． 就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 （增译物主代词） （5）While the magistrates were free to burn down house， the common people were forbidden to light lamps． 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。 （增译连词） （6）这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries． （增译介词） （7）在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。 In the field of human rights， China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak． （增译暗含词语） （8）三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind． （增译注释性词 语） 2．省译法： 这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法， 即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、 语言习惯和表达 方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。 又如： （1）You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing．