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计算机专业英语翻译技巧

计算机专业英语翻译技巧
计算机专业英语翻译技巧

谈谈计算机专业英语翻译的几个技巧

王化

江苏省南京工程高等职业学校信息工程系,江苏南京211135

摘要由于计算机学科的特殊性,要求部分专业课程要用原版英文教材,这就要求学生掌握一定的翻译技巧,从而更好地达到教学效果。本文立足于计算机专业英语的基本特点,总结了在翻译过程中常见的难点,并相应地给出了解决方案。关键词计算机专业英语;翻译;技巧

一.计算机专业英语的特点

计算机专业英语与非计算机专业英语文体相比,具有词义多、长句多、被动句多、词性转换多、非谓语动词多等特点。此外,计算机专业英语讲述的是计算机的主要组成部件及其工作原理,这就决定了计算机专业英语的客观性。在某些特殊文体结构上,计算机专业英语用词节省、句子精练、采用实义词汇而不拘泥于完整语法。

二.计算机专业英语翻译中常见难点

1、被动语态多

被动语态与主动语态相比更简洁、更少主观色彩、更具客观性,在计算机专业英语中的使用比在其它语体中的应用更为广泛。看下面的例子:

Although most users are appealed to the concept of a secure network, the latter cannot be classified simply as secure or not secure because the term is not absolute-each group defines the level of access that is permitted or denied.

2、长句多

长句在计算机英语中出现的非常频繁,长句中常是一个主句带若干从句和非谓语动词短语,从句带短语,短语带从句,从句套从句。例句:A common method of determining what errors have been introduced into an image is by modeling the scene at the time of data acquisition using ancillary data collected, which has been widely recognized as a common way to deal with problems alike.

3、专业名词多

随着科学技术的迅猛发展,新的科技名词不断出现,这也是计算机专业英语的突出特点,而且这些术语的科学性、技术性和专业性很强。例如:Interface, hypertext, microprocessor, groupware, multiprotocol

4、词汇在不同语境中的含义难把握

同样的一个词,在不同的语境中就可以有不同的意思。例如Alternatively, a network bridge would be used to connect networks with the same configurations.其中bridge一词在此就不是普通“桥梁”的意思了,而是“网桥、线桥”的意思。再如port一词,在计算机类的文献中,就很少用“港口”的意思,常常是表示“端口”。

三.对计算机专业英语中常见难点的处理技巧

1、针对被动语态的翻译技巧

被动语态可使读者的注意力集中在所叙述的客体上,便于集中精力对事物和现象进行分析研究,避免给人以主观臆断的印象,这正是计算机专业英语所需要的。在对被动语态的翻译上,很少直接把“被”字直接加入译文,避免过于机械和生硬,常常采用主动语态代替被动语态。例如以上被动语态的句子可以译为:尽管网络安全的概念吸引着绝大多数使用者,但我们不能把网络简单的称为安全的或不安全的网络,因为安全这个术语不是绝对的-每个组织定义它的标准是不同的。

2、针对长句的翻译技巧

我们首先要从整体上把握句子的结构,找出全句的主谓宾,再分析从句和短语的功能,以及之间的关系。如上面提到的一个长句子,主要是通过一个非限制性定语从句延长了句子,在翻译的时候基本可以顺着句子走就可以,可以译为:决定什么错误已经传入图像的常用方法是通过利用收集到的辅助数据对获得数据时的景象进行建模,这已成为解决同类问题被普遍认可的方法。

3、对专业名词的处理

派生法是构成计算机专业英语词汇的主要手段之一,这种方法的核心是加前后缀,例如上述几个词:interface(接口),hypertext(超文本),microprocessor(微处理器),groupware(组件),multiprotocol (多协议)其中inter-表示相互之间,hyper-表示超级,micro-表示微,ware-表示器件,multi-表示多。可见,复杂的计算机专业英语词汇也是有规律可循的,如果知道了这些前后缀的意思,翻译和理解起来也就不难了。

4、对不同语境中词汇的处理

计算机这一新兴学科的大量词汇来源于日常英语词汇,既取其原有涵义,又被计算机领域赋予了固定的专业意义,即“转义”,如上面例子里提到的“port”一词。我们在翻译时应忠实于原文,注意标准专业术语的选择,对词的理解,除了要注意词的搭配外,还要注意同一个词在不同的上下文里可以有不同的含义,切忌望文生义。

四.小结

要学好计算机英语,必须了解计算机英语的特点,具有一定的有关计算机科学的专业知识。而翻译能力的提高绝非一日之功,对译者文化素养和专业知识的要求都很高,只有通过不断地学习,拓宽自己的知识面,提高自身素质,刻苦钻研,才能尝到成功的喜悦。

参考文献

【1】李晓桓计算机专业英语武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2004

【2】宋德富司爱侠计算机专业英语教程北京:高等教育出版社,2003

【3】王道生,韩淑菊,李京计算机专业英语北京:电子工业出版社,2003

作者简介

王化,男,1983年生,助理讲师,现任江苏省南京工程高等职业学校信息工程系教师

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