科技英语翻译期末练习题
科技英语翻译大作业(科技英语6&13班)
I.全篇翻译passage1：
Passage１
Billing for goods and services that customers have purchased is part of any business. Traditional billing methods in the brick-and-mortar paradigms are costly and involve generating invoices, stuffing envelopes, affixing proper postage to the envelopes, and sending the invoices to the customers. Meanwhile, the accounts payable department must keep track of incoming payments, post accounts in the database, and ensure that customer data are current.
Online stores have many of the same payment collection inefficiencies as their brick-and-mortar cousins. Most online customers use credit cards to pay for their purchases, while auction customers may also use conventional payments methods, including checks and money orders. Electronic cash systems, though less popular than other payment methods do provide several advantages as well as some disadvantages unique to electronic cash.
For the most part, electronic cash transactions are
more efficient (and therefore less costly) than other methods, and that should foster more business, which eventually means lower prices for consumers. Transferring electronic cash on the Internet costs less than processing credit card transactions. You have observed that conventional money exchange systems require banks, banks branches, clerks, automated teller machines, and a parallel electronic transaction system to manage, transfer and dispense cash. That is expensive. On the other hand, electronic cash transfers occur across an existing infrastructure, the Internet, and through existing computer systems. So the fixed cost of hardware to handle electronic cash is nearly zero. Because the Internet spans the globe, the distance that an electronic transaction must travel does not affect cost. When considering moving physical cash and checks, distance and cost are proportional---the greater the distance that the currency has to go, the more it costs to move it. However, moving electronic currency from Detroit to San Francisco costs the same as moving it from San Francisco to Hong Dong. Everyone can use electronic cash. Merchants can pay other merchants in
a business-to-business relationship, and consumers can pay each other. Electronic cash does not require that one party have any special authorization, as is required with credit card transactions. (345 words)
II.请翻译passage 2中带有下划的5个句子：Passage２
1) Anxiety may be the most common mental disorder experienced by older adults, affecting one in 10 people over the age of 60, according to research presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in Toronto. Despite its prevalence, anxiety remains one of the most undiagnosed and undertreated conditions in this population.
Examples of anxiety disorders include panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, phobias and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). GAD is characterized by exaggerated, uncontrollable worries about everyday things. 2) While many worrisome events occur as people age and while it is normal for people to be concerned about such things as deteriorating health and financial troubles, people with GAD tend to worry excessively
and constantly.
3) “Studies have shown that generalized anxiety disorder is more common in the elderly, affecting seven per cent of seniors, than depression, which affects about three per cent of seniors. Surprisingly, there is little research that has been done on this disorder in the elderly,” said Eric J. Lenze, M.D., assistant professor of psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medic ine. “Doctors often think that this disorder is rare in the elderly or that it is a normal part of aging, so they don’t diagnose or treat anxiety in their older patients, when, in fact, anxiety is quite common in the elderly and can have a serious impact o n quality of life.”
This constant level of worry can have negative, and sometimes even disabling, effects on a person’s life. Many people with GAD have trouble sleeping or limit their daily activities due to their anxiety. 4) Untreated anxiety can also lead to anxious depression – a condition that is more difficult to treat and carries a higher risk of suicide than depression.
“Anxiety in people over age 60 might has some similarities to anxiety in those younger, but it also has
marked differences. We ca n’t just assume that we can treat the two age groups the same,” said Dr. Lenze. 5) “We are decades behind where we need to be in terms of research and treatments for anxiety in this older age group.” There are, however, encouraging signs that studies are beginning to address treatment options. What It Means: Anxious older adults and their families should be aware of the prevalence of anxiety disorders. Excessive fretting should not be considered an inevitable sign of aging. A small pilot study conducted at the University of Pittsburgh has shown that an
anti-depressant drug was also effective in treating anxiety in older adults. Additional studies hope to address the role of cognitive behavioral therapy or other therapies for anxiety in the elderly. There are indeed enough things to worry about when growing older. But uncontrollable, excessive worry shouldn’t be among them. (453 words)
科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.
翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法
科技英语翻译考试题目
Part I: Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English. (15%) 1. ____________________(爱因斯坦相对论)is the only one which can explain such phenomena. 2. Rate of penetration was found to ____________________ (与……成正比) the net pressure applied by the tool. 3. Being a ______________(非良导体/绝缘体), rubber is often used in cables. 4. Properly speaking, ___________(并非所有的物质) exist in three states. 5. An electric current produces ______________(磁场) around it. 6. With the result of automation, productivity has ___ ___________ (增加了5倍) in that factory. 7. Copper and aluminum are the best conductors of electric current ______________(仅次于银). 8. The neutron has __________________(既不带正电荷，也不带负电荷). 9. When the water temperature is increased, it vaporized more quickly until it reaches ________（沸点）. 10. A __________(变压器) is a very useful device, even though it can be sued only with alternating current. Part Ⅱ: Choose the better rendition for each of the following sentences.(20%) 1.由于我在会上发表论文，如蒙介绍有关会议的详细情况，不胜感激。 A) Because I will deliver a thesis at the conference, I shall appreciate it very much if you could introduce to me the detailed condition of the meeting. B) As I will present a paper at the conference, I will be grateful if you could supply me with detailed information about the meeting. 2. 西安附上我提供会议的论文，题目是“动物克隆在中国”，一式三份，如果要发电子邮件以转录软盘，我可以立即发出。 A) I am enclosing herewith my paper of the topic of “Animal Cloning in China” one form in three B) I am enclosing, in three copies, my paper entitled “Animal Closing in China” for the conference. If req uired, I can send an e-mail for the disk right away. 3．核能发电，是在20世纪才发展起来的新事物。不幸的是，建立和维持核发电厂的成本很高，使得建设速度要比原先预料的慢许多。---中国的第一座核发电厂，是于20世纪后期建立在深圳，靠近香港。 A) Using nuclear energy to generate electricity is a new thing developed in the 20th century. What is unfortunate is that the costs of building and maintaining a nuclear power plant are very high, making the speed of construction much slower than previously predicted. ----China’s first nuclear power plant was built in the late 20th century at Shenzhen near Hongkong. B) The production of nuclear power is a new development of the 20th century. Unfortunately, the high costs of building and maintaining a nuclear power plant have led to a much slower rate of growth than was predicted. -----China’s first nuclear power plant was built in the late 20th century at Shenzhen near Hongkong. 4. 不少科学家论证说，三国演义里所说的“木牛流马”，可能是一些有相当复杂性的机器，其工作原理可说类似于今天的某些器械装置。 A) Quite a few scientists say by reasoning that the “wooden cows, running horses” described in the Romance of the Three Kingdo ms could be rather complex machines whose working principles can be said to be like certain mechanical devices of today. B) Quite a few scientists argue that the “wooden cows, running horses” described in the Romance of Three Kingdoms could be machines of sufficient complexity working on principles supposedly similar to certain present-day mechanical devices. 5. 摘要：本文简单叙述和分析了本实验室最近对猪流感病毒所作的两次实验的成果。 A) Abstract: The results of two experiments on swine flu virus are briefly described and analyzed. B) Abstract: this article simply states and analyzes the results of two experimental tests this laboratory recently performed in the research on swine flu virus. 6. 珠江三角洲在中国的南部，气候良好，交通系统效率高，一向工农业都在快速发展。 A) The Pearl River Delta is to the south of China. It has a nice weather and a highly efficient communication system. Both of its industry and agriculture
科技英语翻译专业词汇-材料
Materials Science and Engineering arc welding 电弧焊 calcinations 煅烧 casting 熔铸 ceramic 陶瓷 chemical properties 化学性能 cold brittleness 低温脆性 colour liquid crystals 彩色液晶 congruent compound 合熔化合物 constant-deformation tests 定变形试验 Creep Strength 潜变强度 crystal pattern 晶体结构 data quartz fiber 数据石英光纤 die casting 拉模铸造 drawing & stamping 延轧 Dynamics of Forging System 锻压系统动力学 Edge Finish 边缘处理 Engineering Materials 工程材料 nano-material 纳米材料 ceramic 陶瓷 polymer 集合物 composite material 复合材料 biomaterial 生物材料semiconductor 半导体 conductor 导体 insulator 绝缘体 synthetic fabrics 合成纤维microstructures 显微结构 periodic table 周期表 Equipment for Heating Processing 热处理设备 Fatigue Test 疲劳测试 Features of Metal 金属的特性 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属 forging 锻造 foundry 铸造 High Polymer Material & Processing 高分子材料及加工Impact Test 冲击测试 Intermetallic compound 金属间化物 Ionic Solids 离子晶体 Magnetic Transformation 磁性变态 Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料力学性能的测定Mechanical Property of Metal 金属机械性能 Metal Cutting Machine Tool 金属切削工具 Metal Erosion & Protection 金属腐蚀及防护 Metal Material Science 金属材料学 Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallographic Techniques 金相技术Metallography 金属学 Metallography & Heat Treatment 金属学与热处理
大学科技英语短语翻译
Unit 1 1. sedimentary rocks沉积岩 2. petroleum reserves石油储备 3. internal combustion engines内燃机 4. the boiling point 沸点 5. fatty substance脂肪物质 6. in minor quantities少量 7. petroleum fractions石油馏分8. inflammable vapors易燃蒸汽 9. geologic formations地质结构10. in the territory of在……领土 11. chemical change 化学变化12. petroleum seepage 油苗 13. petroleum stores 油藏14. petroleum reserves 石油储量 15.medieval times 中世纪16.Industrial Revolution 工业革命 17.fossil fuel 矿物燃料 Unit 2 1. employment market 就业市场 2. video conferencing technology视频会议技术 3. job interview 求职面试 4. nine out of ten十有八九 5. aptitude test能力测试 6. recruitment method招聘方法 7. face-to-face encounter面对面接触8.personality questionnaires个性问卷调查 9. psychological test 心理测试10. customer complains 顾客投诉 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/792719370.html,e third from botton 倒数第三12 curriculum vitae 简历 Unit 3 1. multiple users 多用户 2. virtual assistant虚拟助手 3. human-machine interface 人机界面 4. speech synthesizer语音合成器 5. real time实时 6. information retrieval信息检索 7. air flight schedule飞机飞行时刻表8. weather forecast天气预报 9. speech recognition 语音识别10. stock quotes股市行情；股票报价 11. Mandarin Chinese普通话，官话12.data dumping 数据转储 Unit 4 1. genetic engineering基因工程 2. organic solvents有机溶剂 3. raw material原材料 4. sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫 5. landfill deposit垃圾填埋 6. garage sale旧物销售 7. information age信息时代8. lead compound铅化合物 9. municipal solid waste 固体生活垃圾10. eco-industrial park生态工业园 Unit 6 1. quantum mechanics量子力学 2. general theory of relativity 广义相对论 3. physical laws 自然法则 4. square of the distance 距离的平方 5. in principle原则上，基本上 6. in isolation孤立地 7. in one go一口气，一下子，一举8. Newton’s theory of gravity牛顿的引力理论9.partial theories 局部理论10.gravitational force 引力 11.the initial state of the universe宇宙初始状态12.the theory of relativity 相对论 13.be（intersely）proportional to 与...成反比 Unit 7 1.quick fixes权宜之计 2. go by the book 照章办事 3. close to the vest谨慎小心 4.corporate culture企业文化 5. Old Boy network老同学人脉网 6. to the point切题的（地），切中的（地） 7. social status社会地位 8. sense of humor幽默感 9. put on an impressive appearance装腔作势10.pull rank on利用职权强迫命令；仗势欺人11.be superior to 优于... 12.lip service 口头上应付的话 13.sense of humor幽默感14.make sense 有道理，有意义 15.memo 备忘录
功能对等理论视角下的科技英语翻译
功能对等理论视角下的科技英语翻译 摘要：科技英语翻译作为翻译领域内重要的组成部分之一，在国际交流中占重 要地位。科技英语本身所具有的准确、简洁、严谨和客观等特征使译者在翻译科 技文本时需要具有更高的要求。本文旨在从功能对等理论的视角下探讨科技英语 的翻译策略。本文在奈达的功能对等理论视角下进行分析研究，从语义和风格两 方面提出了科技英语的翻译策略，对科技英语翻译质量的提高有积极的指导作用。关键词：科技英语翻译；功能对等；翻译策略 一、科技英语的特点 随着科技的迅速发展，国与国之间在科技方而的交流日益频繁，科技英语 材料越来越多，科技翻译也就显得越来越重要。科技英语是一种信息型的文体， 其主要用途是传递信息。它具有叙述客观、严谨周密、概念准确、逻辑性强、行 文精炼、句式严整等特点，名词化结构因其客观、准确的特点而被频繁应用于科 技英语中。 与文学类语言相比，科技英语有其显著的语言特征，主要体现在词汇和句 法特征两方面。词汇上的差别是科技英语区别于文学语言最显著的特征之一，即 大量使用专业术语。科技领域内的工作人员都倾向于使用客观、直接、简洁的语 言和词汇来描述事物。总的来说，科技英语在词汇方面的特点主要体现在以下几 个方面：（一）将普通词汇专业化形成专业技术词汇。科技英语中的很多专业术 语都是通过赋予普通英语词汇新的含义而得来的，为了熟悉专业术，功能对等视 角下的科技英语翻译语，译者必须阅读大量的专业领域的科技文本，以使翻译成 品更专业准确。（二）借用其他学科词汇形成半专业技术词汇。半专业词汇是由 普通词汇转化演变而来，本身含有一般词义，但在不同学科和专业中有不同的意义。（三）广泛使用缩略词。为了表达简洁方便，科技英语中都会使用大量的缩 略语。为了体现其客观准确性，避免带有主观色彩的叙述，科技英语会较多地使 用被动语态，名词化结构以及各种复合句。名词化结构有利于达到交际目的，派 生名词的使用则可以有效简化叙事层次和结构，减少从句的使用频率，使科技英 语的行文更加直接、精炼，达到较少的篇幅表达更多的内容，从而使文篇更简洁、浓缩和凝练。 二、功能对等理论 “功能对等理论”的创始人是美国著名翻译学家尤金奈达，他在著作《翻译科学探索》中首次提出“动态对等”的概念。该理论一经提出，就在当时的翻译界产 生了很大反响。在后来出版的《翻译理论与实践》中，他对“动态对等”做了明确 定义：动态对等就是“译文读者对译文信息的反应与原文读者对原文信息的反应基本一致”。尤金奈达指出所谓动态对等翻译是“在译入语里产生和源语信息最切近 的自然对等语”，其中包括三个方面，即形式、内容、读者的反应。其中内容和形式是基础，读者的反应是核心。奈达认为内容比形式更重要。奈达的功能对等是 相对意义上的对等，是相对程度的接近，不可能做到绝对的对等，因为每个民族 的思维方式不完全相同。 功能对等理论是一种活应范围很广的翻译理论，之所以能出现科技英语名 词化结构的翻译，主要是以下原因。首先功能对等理论目标是通过在译入语里产 化与原文信切近的对等语，实现原文和译文在风格和意义上的对等，这点是对所
实用科技英语翻译-期末考试复习题
2009-2010学年第2学期 《实用科技英语翻译》期末考试题型和复习题 I Answer the following questions related to EST Translation (30’)（2个题） 1. What’s the definition of EST (English of Science & Technology)? EST (English for Science & Technology or Technical English or Scientific English) is a special language variety widely used in the fields of science and technology. It’s believed that it first came to being in the 1950s along with the rapid development of science and technology, and it many researchers and scholars began to conduct investigation of this common feature of this special genre including reading comprehension, writing and even translation. 2. What are stylistic features of EST? Completely different from other genres such as everyday English, literature English, EST has its own stylistic features due to the specialty in content, field and discourse functions, and partly due to the unique habits of EST writers, which are mostly represented in lexical level and syntactical level. 3. What are the general features of Compound Technical Terms? A. accuracy（确切性）: accurately reflect the nature of the concept B. monosemy（单义性）: one sense for one word C .systematization（系统性）:the individual technical terms in a given field should be in a specific level so as to constitute a common system D. linguistically correct（语言的正确性）: in accordance with the word-formation in the same language E. conciseness（简明性）: concise and easy to remember F. motivation（理据性）: just as the name implies, one can know the meaning of the word.
科技英语中专业术语的翻译
科技英语中专业术语的 翻译 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1.意译：根据科技术语的含义，将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单个词语来说，意译也就是直译。意译法是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例子如下： ①firewall ．．．．．．．． ：防火墙 ②data mining ．．．．．．．．．． ：数据挖掘 ③automatic program control ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ：自动程序控制 2.形译：英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译成汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫形译。例子如下： I ．-．bar ．．． 工字钢、工字条；O ．-．ring ．．．． 环形圈；twist ．．．．．-．drill ．．．．．麻花钻；X ．-．Ray ．．．X 光；α．-．brass ．．．．． α黄铜[1] 3.音译：根据英语发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些有专业名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译时都可采用音译法。例子如下： gene ．．．． 基因；quark ．．．．． 夸克；Pentium ．．．．．．． 奔腾 celluloid ．．．．．．．．． 赛璐璐；nylon ．．．．． 尼龙 Hertz ．．．．．（Hz ）赫兹（频率单位）；lumen ．．．．．流明（光通量单位） 4.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占很大比重，这类词如果译成汉语，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例子如下： CPU ．．．：．C ．entral Processing Unit ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．(中央处理器) ASCII ．．．．．：．American S ．．．．．．．．．tandard ．．．．．．． C ．ode ．．． for ．．． I ．nformation ．．．．．．．．．． I ．nterchange ．．．．．．．．．． (美国信息交换标准码) ATM ．．．：．A ．synchronous ．．．．．．．．．．． T ．ransfer ．．．．．．． M ．ode ．．． (异步传输方式) 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种办法。例子如下： WTO ．．．(国际贸易组织)；UNESCO ．．．．．．(联合国教科文组织)；WHO ．．．(世界卫生组织)；IOC ．．． (国际奥委会)
大学英语四六级翻译--科技类词汇(精炼版)
四六级翻译——科技类词汇 1.科技园science and technology park 2.高新技术开发区high-tech industrial zones 3.信息产业IT (Information Technology) 4.电器设备electrical appliance 5.电子设备electronic device 6.电子商务e-commerce 7.人工智能artificial intelligience 8.先进技术advanced technology 9.尖端技术state-of-the-art technology 10.载人航天飞行manned space flight 11.发射成功successful launch 12.自然科学natural science 13.新兴学科new branch of science 14.科技成果research achievements 15.科学发展观concept of scientific development 16.科教兴国revitalize China through science and education 17.可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development 18.科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure 19.专利，专利权patent 20.生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture 21.物种起源origin of species 22.生物工程bio-technology 23.基因工程genetic engineering 24.转基因食品GM food (genetically modified food) 25.技术产权technology property right 26.科技含量technology content 27.电脑病毒computer virus 28.黑客hacker 29.垃圾邮件junk mail 30.数码科技digital technology 31.虚拟社区virtual community 32.网络空间cyber space 网络文化cyber culture 33.网民netizen 34.克隆cloning 激光laser 35.纳米nanometer 粒子particle 36.太阳能/ 核能/ 原子能solar/ nuclear/ atomic energy 37.突飞猛进advance by leaps and bounds 38.技术创新technological innovation 39.中国科学院the Chinese Academy of Science 40.科学技术是第一生产力Science and technology constitute the foremost productive forces. 41.科技前沿the forefront of science and technology 42.科技发明的传播和交流dissemination and exchanges of advanced scientific and technological inventions
科技英语翻译
第三单元 三种感情。单纯而极为强烈。支配了我的一生：对爱情的渴望。对知识的探索。以及对人类苦难忍无可忍的同情。这些激情。犹如飓风。吹得我忽东忽西。飘忽不定。越过茫茫的苦海。坠落绝望的边缘。我追求爱。原因有三。首先。是因为它使我心醉神迷——爱的魔力是如此的诱人。以至于我常常宁愿牺牲一切来换取哪怕片刻的愉悦。其次。是因为可以排遣孤寂——那种可怕的孤寂使身历其中的人胆战心惊。目及世界的尽头。直至冷酷肃杀的地狱深渊。最后。是因为在爱的结合中。我看到了古今圣贤以及诗人们所梦想的天堂的神秘缩影。这正是我想所追寻的。虽然它对人类生活来说也许过于美好。但最终我还是找到它了我曾怀着同样的激情去追求知识。我渴望了解人们的内心世界。渴望知道星星为什么发光。我还试图领悟毕达哥拉斯的学说的力量。凭借它。数字能掌控潮起潮落。我有所收获。但还不是很多。爱和知识引领我到天堂。但是对人类苦难的同情又常常把我拉回人世。人类痛苦的呼唤在我的心灵深处回响。嗷嗷待哺的儿童。惨遭蹂躏的受难者。儿女嫌弃的无助老人。以及满世界的孤独．贫困和痛苦。所有这些都是对人类理想生活的嘲讽。我希望能减缓人们的苦难。但却有心无力。我也因此受苦。这就是我的生活。我觉得不枉此生。倘若上帝赐我机会。我将欣然再活一次 Situated in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and blessed with a mild climate ,fertile soil and numerous lakes and waterways across the region.Suzhou has enjoyed the reputation of ‘an area of fish and rice’ever since the Tang Dynasty (618A.D.-907A.D.).Historical records show that early in the Spring and Autumn Period(770B.C.-474B.C.)and the Warring States Period (475B.C.-221B.C.)the region was fairly advanced in fishery and farming.As a city of tourist attraction.Suzhou is dotted with bridges and waterways.Local residents’ houses always face the streets in the front and their backdoors are often built at water’s edge.Wherever waterways and streets cross.bridges are built to serve the purpose.The Map of PingjiangDistrict,a well-preserved city map carved on a stone plate in the Song Dynasty(960-1297).indicated that there were 304 bridges in those days. 第四单元 A．英译汉 如今。中同的经济繁荣已经成为一种得到充分证实的现象了。谁没有听说过这个泱泱大国令人眩目的经济发展速度(年增长率高达8％)．颇具魅力的消费市场(拥有12亿消费者)和外国投资者的投资热情(仅去年一年外国直接投资就高达400亿美元)?中国的经济力量已经势不可挡。华盛顿一家智囊机构——布鲁金斯学会的尼古拉斯·拉迪说：“在过去20年中。世界上没有哪个国家的外贸发展速度有中国那么快。日本用了20多年时间才将其外贸总额翻了一番。而中国却翻了5倍。他们已经成为世界上劳动密集型产品的主要生产商。”不过。在这个令人眩目的中国发展故事中似乎缺少了一种什么东西。即中国跨国公司所扮演的角色。中国还没有一家大型公司在全球舞台上确立了自己的地位或品牌。但是。正如海尔公司所显示的那样。这种情况正在开始发生变化。经受了长达100年的贫穷．动乱以及长期笼罩在外国及其跨国公司的阴影下之后。中国的产业公司开始对世界产生影响了。 B．汉译英 Every struggle that the Chinese people fought during the 100 years from the mid-19th to the mid一20th century was for the sake of achieving independence of our country and liberation of our nation and putting an end to the history of national humiliation once and for a11．This great historic cause has already been accomplished．All endeavors by the Chinese people for the 100 years from the mid--20th to the mid-21st century are for the purpose of making our mother land strong，the people prosperous and the nation immensely rejuvenated．Our Party has led the entire Chinese people in carrying forward this historic cause for 50 years and made tremendous progress，and it will successfully attain the objective through hard work in the coming 50 years． 第五单元 翻译练习 A．英译汉硅谷犹如一块磁铁。把许许多多天资聪颖的工程师．科学家．企业家从世界各地聚集到这里。一起追求成名致富。并投身于技术革命的大潮。其影响及于人类。必将远远超过昔日划时代的欧洲文艺复兴和产业革命。随着互联网的急速普及。以及通过它所带来的无情的技术创新。信息时代真正来临了。它不但深刻地影响着我们的生活方式。而且正在改变我们的工作．贸易．思维以及彼此沟通的方式。值得注意的是。硅谷地区的专业人力资源。包括工程师．科学家和企业家。有将近一半来自亚洲。其中的精英是印度人和中国人。也有为数不少的人来自新加坡。除了知识上的挑战之外。新创企业为了延揽人才。还往往慷慨地给予员工们股票选购权。这一措施有力地激励员工们为公司尽心竭力。如果公司达到预期目标。员工们将与公司共享繁荣。许多人认为这是企业成功的基础。 B．汉译英 Suzhou boasts along history of garden construction．Private gardens made their appearances in the period of the Six Dynasties (around 1000A．D．)．Towards the end of the Qing Dynasty (1636—1911)，gardens of different dimensions being put on record numbered over 200．They fully demonstrate the ingenuity and creativity of the ancient Chinese craftsmen and are an invaluable heritage of the Chinese culture and classical architecture．Apart from being an important base of silk production , Suzhou is also a great producer of traditional handicrafts．Silk products of every description sell well in over 100 countries and regions and the varieties of locally produced handicrafts are too numerous to mention．Among those famous at home and abroad are Suzhou embroideries , mahogany carvings,jade—ware,sandalwood fans and woodcut prints of traditional Chinese New Year pictures,to name just a few． 第六单元 翻译练习 A．英译汉约150多年前。在英国的约克郡。有一个乡村教区的牧师。他有三位聪颖可爱的女儿。但是他却把希望完全寄托在唯一的继承人——儿子布兰韦尔身上。这个年轻人在艺术和文学上都有出众的天资。布兰韦尔的父亲和姐妹们都省吃俭用。帮他凑足盘缠。打点行装。送他上了伦敦皇家艺术学院。但是要指望他在艺术上有所成就。那他可就走错了门。不到几个星期。他就弄得身无分文。灰溜溜地回了家。然而家人并不就此罢休。他们又想方设法帮布兰韦尔弄到一份私人教师的活计。希望这份差事能够使他自由施展自己的文学才华。获取应有的功名。可这一次又失败了。几年来。无私的姐妹们压抑着自己的志向。应邀去学校任教或当家庭教师。以负担那日益债台高筑的弟弟。她们深信。总有一天。弟弟的天才会得到社会的承认。然而。接踵而来的失败使布兰韦尔一蹶不振。他染上了酗酒．吸毒的恶习。最后临死时仍与生前一样：一事无成。于是寄托在全家唯一男性身上的希望也随之破灭。而那三位默默无闻的姐妹。其命运又如何呢?在布兰韦尔生前最后几年。姐妹们自己集资出版了一本诗集(因为担心编辑们对女性存有偏见。她们用了假名)。但只卖出了两本。也许连布兰韦尔都在窃笑。然而姐妹们并不气馁。她们利用空余时间继续笔耕。深夜人静时。她们秉烛而书。倾吐她们幽禁的情怀。抒写自己最熟悉的一切。她们描写
试谈科技英语说明书的特点及翻译策略
试谈科技英语说明书的特点及翻译策略 科技英语说明书兼具科技英语和说明书的特点，即客观[3]、专业性强、逻辑性强、术语多，说明少等特点。笔者针对此类文体，提出“准确、通顺、简练”的翻译标准，并分别探讨了每个标准。 标签：科技英语说明书翻译 一、科技英语说明书的特点 科技英语说明书是科技文章的一类，既有科技英语的一般共性，又有其独特的个性。与非科技英语相比，科技英语里的复杂长句比较多，一句话里包含三个以上子句的情况是常见的，包含五六个子句以上的情况也决非个别。这是由于科技文章要求叙述准确，推理严密致。其次，科技英语中被动句使用频繁。被动句中把受事作为句子的主语，突出强调动作的承受者，即动作执行的对象。受事在科技文中通常表现为客观事物，科技文章着重叙述客观事实，并希望强调所论述的事物，所以多采用以客观事物为主体的被动语态。此外，非限定词使用较多和词性转换较多也是科技文章的显著特征，在此不再赘述。科技英语说明书作为科技文章的一种个性，除兼具以上特征之外，还有自身的特点，如术语密集，列举物件多而说明少。因为读者多半是直接使用者，事先已经知道这些术语。因此，翻译时要注意这些术语的标准译法。另外，说明书的使用者为产品的购买者，文中出现“you”的地方，一律翻译为“您”表示尊敬，但对于原文中的警告、注意事项，译文也要采取相应的警示语气，提醒使用者注意[4]。 二、科技英语说明书的翻译策略 严复的“信、达、雅”可谓翻译的“三字真经”，结合科技英语说明书的特点，仿照严复的三字论及国内其他学者对应用文体提出的翻译标准，笔者提出三词论——“准确、通顺、简练”作为科技英语说明书的翻译标准。阎庆甲[5]在《科技英语翻译方法》一书中提出“明确、通顺、简练”的科技翻译标准，黄洁[1]《科技文翻译之实、准、简—译Harmony有感》一文中引用了李长栓[2]（2008）对应用文写作的三字基本要求“实、准、简”。实，实质内容要求实事求是。准，是表达形式、语言、引用事例、数字、图片都要准确无误;简，就是简洁明了，要直截了当，不说套话、废话、不绕弯子。此理论可谓面面俱到。笔者认为科技说明书，目的在与介绍国外先进仪器设备的使用方法，若翻译不正确，轻则对使用者产生困扰，重则产生危害。因此，译文在技术内容上要忠实于原文，不应有模糊不清，模棱两可的地方。准确，应为科技说明文翻译的最高标准。通顺，是说译文要符合目的语的语法特点，行文习惯。可通过长句拆分，词性转换和调整句序，使读者易懂。简练就是译文要尽可能简短，精炼。不啰嗦赘余，力求寻找翻译原文本最言简意赅的表述。简练为科技说明书最高翻译标准，是建立在准确、通顺的基础之上的。对于一般的科技说明书而言，做到准确、通顺即可。 （一）科技说明文之“准确”