2014上外翻译硕士真题

2翻译硕士英语分数100分时间一月四日下午两点到五点

完形与阅读依然是去年的形式，即合在同一篇文章，完形有几个空忘记了，一共应该是20空，30分。

The future of cars: Gloom and boom

A HUNDRED YEARS ago Henry Ford and his engineers perfected an idea whose time had come: the moving assembly line. By putting the car on a conveyor belt, they cut the time taken to

a Ford Model T from 12 hours and 30 minutes in 1913 to just one hour and 33 minutes the following year. That made the car a lot to build and opened up a mass market for it. By 1918 its list price was down to $450, or just over 5 months’ for the average American worker, against the equivalent of about a year a nd a half’s pay when the car was launched a decade earlier. Cars became a personal badge of status, and in time carmaking became a badge of national virility.

But since the 1950s the automobile has come to be seen as dangerous, dirty and noisy. In response it has been ever more strictly regulated, which has imposed additional costs. After the financial the entire industry slumped spectacularly in many rich countries. Two of America’s big three carmakers, Chrysler and General Motors, went bankrupt and had to be bailed out by taxpayers. In Europe car sales last year were the lowest since 1995. The battery-driven cars that were supposed to solve the problem have so far been an expensive flop. The motor industry seems to be in dire straits.

Yet this special report sees plenty to be about. Sales in Japan remain stagnant and in Europe they are unlikely to grow much in the next few years, but in America they are already beginning to bounce back, and in China and other emerging markets the current boom looks likely to for the foreseeable future. AlixPartners, a consultancy, that the worldwide market for cars and other light vehicles will expand from about 80m units a year now to 107m in 2020 (see chart 1). In China, now the world’s biggest market for cars, annual sales are expected to rise from 19m last year to 31m in 2020 as car ownership spreads to the country’s vast interior. So over the next seven years a Europe-sized will grow up in China’s hinterland.

Over the past decade tens of millions of Chinese families have gained personal mobility on an undreamt-of scale while lots of new jobs have been making, selling and servicing cars in China. But the Chinese government seems less about that than about its failure to create strong national champions capable of taking on the foreign carmakers on their own turf. In future it may try harder to achieve this aim, which could deter foreign firms from continuing to invest in the country. A wiser course would be to accept—as Britain, and more recently Russia, have already done—that as long as the business is thriving and generating lots of

well-paid work, the of a car factory’s owners and the badges on the bonnets hardly matter.

As ever more in China and other emerging markets have the money to buy fancier cars, makers of upmarket and high-performance vehicles will benefit. Mass-market will have a harder time: too many factories are being built, especially in big emerging markets, which will lead to intense and price-cutting. As the biggest, most efficient manufacturers—such as Volkswagen and Toyota—pull ahead, those in the second division may seek salvation in alliances.

Consumer heaven

As an investment, then, the motor industry has to be treated with caution. But its engineering and environmental credentials are improving all the time. A century after becoming a mass-market product, the car is still a long way from being a mature technology. Manufacturers and their suppliers are investing huge sums in a variety of improved propulsion systems and in new lightweight materials to meet regulators’ targets. The current of models is already vastly cleaner than earlier ones, and emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, soot and other pollutants are set to fall much further. The smog that began to afflict traffic-choked California in the 1950s and is now obscuring the sky in Chinese cities will gradually . The day may come when environmentalists stop worrying so much about cars and turn their attention to other polluters.

will be in heaven. Improved manufacturing systems will allow the bigger carmakers to offer an ever wider range of models, supplemented by a steady stream of niche products from new entrants. Fierce competition will keep down even as cars are packed with ever more technology that will make them more expensive to produce. More of them will drive themselves, park themselves and avoid collisions automatically. That should cut down on accidents and traffic jams, reduce the stress associated with driving and provide personal mobility for the growing ranks of the elderly and disabled.

All the technology that will go into making cars cleaner will also make them far more fuel-efficient and more economical. For motorists with short, predictable daily drives, all-electric cars may prove adequate and, as batteries improve, increasingly cost-effective. Others will be able to pick from a range of propulsion systems, including hybrid, natural gas and hydrogen as well as improved petrol or diesel engines, to suit their needs.

Manufacturers are hoping that all this technology will help counteract a worrying

trend they are beginning to observe in rich countries: that car ownership is becoming unfashionable. In cities car-sharing and short-term hiring is becoming more popular. Young urbanites are getting their driving licences later, but the numbers of drivers at the other end of the age spectrum is growing, which may compensate for that loss. Best of all, in emerging markets there is enough pent-up demand to keep the industry growing for many decades yet. But which makers, in which countries, will reap the benefits?

阅读理解分值三十分

1，how did the assembly line help the auto industry？

2，what is the key trend of the Chinese auto market?

3, what is the good news of the world auto market?

4, Why does it become the consumer heaven?

5.Why is it difficult for carmakers to develop technology?

作文依然延续前面的文章的主题，请你给中国政府提建议，关于如何发展中国的auto industry? 字数要求400字左右分值40分

3 翻译基础分值150分时间一月五日上午八点半到十一点半

原来的短语翻译也大改革，今年的题目是用中文/英文解释下列词语中英各五个三十分是解释啊，我考前列了个单子自己预测今年的短语翻译，哎、、、神马OPCW都没了。。。我还是按照去年的对照翻译来做，到最后发现时候刚做完中译英，已经没时间了，（此处画面过于血腥被河蟹，楼主在吐血中。。。）

短语解释分值30分

中文解释英文五个

Stakeholder

Linsanity （这个最喜欢了。。。

European parilment

Climate change

Shanghai Free Trade Zone

英文解释中文五个

莫言

中国梦

尽职调查

量化宽松

负面清单

英译中60分

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/79737255.html,/article/30539816.html

最大的感觉是，英译中还是很顺的，但中译英时间实在不够了，基本和有位前辈说的一样，是按口译的速度在飞速写了，但就不知道自己能不能有和这位前辈一样圆满的结果了。文章

题目是work with China, Don’t contain it. 参考的中文是与中国合作，何不是遏制中国，自己翻的是合作，而非合围，当时一股脑子想着经济学人那种玩文字游戏的口吻了，加上contain 的遏制这个词义不熟悉，就出来了个合围了，但觉得也还不错。

Work With China, Don't Contain It

By JOSEPH S. NYE Jr.

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.

New York Times，January 25，2013

CITING an escalating dispute over islands in the East China Sea, The Economist warned last week that “China and Japan are sliding toward war.” That assessment may be too alarmist, but the tensions have bolstered the efforts of some American analysts who have urged a policy to “contain” China.

During a recent visit to China, I was struck by how many Chinese officials believe such a policy is already in place and is the central purpose of President Obama's “pivot” toward Asia. “The pivot is a very stupid choice,” Jin Canrong, a professor of international relations, declared publicly. “The United States has achieved nothing and only annoyed China. China can't be contained,” he added. Containment was designed for a different era, and it is not what the United States is, or should be, attempting now. At the start of the cold war, containment meant economic isolation of the Soviets and regional alliances like NATO to deter Moscow's military expansion. Later, to the chagrin of George F. Kennan, the father of containment, the doctrine led to the “domino effect” theory behind the escalation of the Vietnam War.

Cold war containment involved virtually no trade and little social contact. But China now is not what the Soviet Union was then. It is not seeking global hegemony, and the United States not only has an immense trade with China but also huge exchanges of students and tourists.

When I worked on the Pentagon's East Asia strategy in 1994, during the Clinton administration, we rejected the idea of containment for two reasons. If we treated China as an enemy, we were guaranteeing a future enemy. If we treated China as a friend, we kept open the possibility of a more peaceful future.

We devised a strategy of “integrate but hedge” - something like Ronald Reagan's “trust but verify.” America supported China's membership in the World Trade Organization and accepted Chinese goods and visitors. But a 1996 declaration reaffirmed that the postwar United States-Japan security treaty was the basis for a stable and prosperous East Asia. President Clinton also began to improve relations with India to counterbalance China's rise.

This strategy has enjoyed bipartisan support. President George W. Bush continued to improve relations with India, while deepening economic ties with China. His deputy secretary of state, Robert B. Zoellick, made clear that America would accept the rise of China as a “responsible stakeholder.”

Mr. Obama's “rebalancing” toward Asia involves moving naval resources to the Pacific, but also trade, human rights and diplomatic initiatives. As his national security adviser, Thomas E. Donilon, said in November, the American-Chinese relationship “has elements of both cooperation and competition.”

Asia is not a monolith, and its internal balance of power should be the key to our strategy. Japan, India, Vietnam and other countries do not want to be dominated by China, and thus welcome an American presence in the region. Unless China is able to attract allies by successfully developing its “soft power,” the rise in its “hard” military and economic power is likely to frighten its

neighbors, who will coalesce to balance its power.

A significant American military and economic presence helps to maintain the Asian balance of power and shape an environment that provides incentives for China to cooperate. After the 2008-9 financial crisis, some Chinese mistakenly believed that America was in permanent decline and that this presented new opportunities. A result was that China worsened its relations with Japan, India, South Korea, Vietnam and the Philippines - a misstep that confirmed that “only China can contain China.”

But America's rebalancing toward Asia should not be aggressive. We should heed Mr. Kennan's warning against overmilitarization and ensure that China doesn't feel encircled or endangered. The world's two largest economies have much to gain from cooperation on fighting climate change, pandemics, cyberterrorism and nuclear proliferation.

With China becoming more dependent on Middle Eastern energy, we should discuss maritime regulations to ensure free passage of ships and include China in Pacific naval exercises. We should help China develop domestic energy resources like shale gas and encourage China and Japan to revive their 2008 plan for joint undersea gas exploitation. And we should make clear that if China meets certain standards, it can join the negotiations over the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a proposed free-trade agreement around the Pacific Rim.

Containment is simply not a relevant policy tool for dealing with a rising China. Power is the ability to obtain the outcomes one wants, and sometimes America's power is greater when we act with others rather than merely over others.

Joseph S. Nye Jr., a professor at the Harvard Kennedy School and a former Pentagon official, is the author of the forthcoming book “Presidential Leadership and the Creation of the American Era.

约瑟夫·奈：与中国合作，而不是遏制中国

《经济学人》杂志上周警告说，因为不断升级的中国东海岛屿纷争，“中国和日本或许会滑向战争开战”。这种预测可能有些危言耸听，然而双方的紧张关系已经促使部分美国分析人士敦促出台“遏制”中国的政策。

笔者在最近一次访问中国时发现，有不少中国官员们相信这种政策不仅存在，而且是奥巴马总统重返亚洲政策的“核心”。国际关系学教授金灿荣公开宣称，“重返亚洲政策是个极其愚蠢的决定。”他还补充说道：“美国一无所成，还激怒了中国。中国是无法被遏制的。”

遏制政策是另一个时代的事了，美国现在并没有，而且也不应该这么做。冷战初期的遏制政策意味着在经济上把苏联与世隔绝，并在周边建立起北约那样的联盟阻止莫斯科的军事扩张。这一政策导致了所谓“多米诺骨牌”理论，直接引发越南战争的升级，这让遏制政策之父乔治·F·凯南大为懊恼。

冷战期间的遏制政策实际上包括禁止贸易往来和社会交流。但中国现在并不是当年的苏联，它并不寻求全球霸权，而且美国和中国不仅有巨额贸易，还有大量学生和游客交流。

94年克林顿时期我在美国国防部的东亚战略部工作，当时我们基于两点原因否定了推行遏制政策的打算。如果我们把中国当成敌人，我们就是在未来为自己树敌；如果我们把中国当成朋友，我们就有和平共处的可能。

我们设计了一个“融合但限制”（integrate but hedge）的战略，它有点像罗纳德·里根采取的“信任但要核实”（trust but verify）的策略。美国支持中国加入世贸组织，并接受中国的商品和游客。但1996年美日间的克林顿-桥本宣言又重新确认了美日安保条约，为东亚的稳定繁荣提供基础。美国同时也开始改善与印度的关系，与中国崛起相抗衡。这一政策得到了民主党与共和党的支持。小布什总统继续增进与印度的关系，同时加强与中国间的经济纽带。

时任副国务卿佐利克曾清楚表示，美国会接受中国作为一个“负责任的利益相关者”的崛起。奥巴马总统的亚洲“再平衡”战略包括将海军资源挪向亚洲，但同时也涵盖了贸易、人权和外交等计划。正如其国家安全顾问托马斯·E·多尼伦在11月份时所言，中美关系中“既有合作的成份，也有竞争的成份。”

亚洲并不是一个整体，其内部权力平衡应当成为我们的战略核心。日本、印度、越南和其他国家并不想受受制于中国，因此欢迎美国在该地区的存在。除非中国有能力成功地通过发展“软实力”吸引盟友，否则其军事和经济等“硬实力”的崛起只可能会吓倒邻国，让他们联合起来施加对中国实施制衡。

美国在亚洲显著的军事和经济存在维持着该地区的实力均衡，并塑一个激励中国更加合作的环境。2008-9年金融危机后，有些中国人错误地认为美国处在永久的衰落中，中国又有了新的战略机会。结果是，中国与日本、印度、韩国、越南和菲律宾的关系都遭遇了恶化，这一过失印证了“只有中国才能遏制中国”的说法。

但是美国的亚洲再平衡战略不应当太强势。我们应当留心凯南先生关于过度军事化的警告，保证中国既不觉得被包围也不觉得被威胁。这两个世界上最大的经济体若在应对气候变暖、传染病、网络恐怖主义和核扩散问题上相互合作，还能收获更多。

随着中国越来越依靠于中东能源，我们应当就海事监管加以讨论，保证自由航行，并让中国加入到海事演习中来。我们应当帮助中国开发诸如页岩气一类的国内能源，并鼓励中日恢复其2008年联合开采海底天然气的计划。我们也应当说明，只要中国达到了一定的标准，就能加入泛太平洋伙伴关系协定的协商中来，该协定提议在环太平洋地区实行自由贸易。

简而言之，用遏制政策应对崛起中的中国不合时宜。实力就是获得预期结果的能力，在很多时候，与他国合作，而不是凌驾于他国，美国的实力才更强大。

约瑟夫·奈: 哈佛肯尼迪学院教授，前美国国防部官员，即将推出新书《总统领导力和美国时代的创造》（Presidential Leadership and the Creation of the American Era）

中翻英60分

是一篇上外的活动致辞

记得不是特别清楚了

可能是这个活动

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/79737255.html,/faculty_news/2013/2013,faculty_news,002657.shtml

但没找到致辞稿，是中间挑几段翻译，一些机构名称比较多，欧盟议会、各种翻译协会、翻译联盟等。

4 百科知识与汉语写作分数150分时间一月五日下午两点到五点

变化比较大，一是原来的百科知识选择题没有了，改为九道非常简单的填空题。基本属于小学生知识。自己整理的一大摞的百科知识和看的几本厚厚的典故与成语字典基本上没派上用场。

只能说自己的记忆忘的真是够快只记得这么几个了，但至少自己都写出出来了

百科知识填空分值三十分

鲁迅说的史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚的是司马迁写的《史记》

京剧五大行当有生、旦、净、末、丑

儒家在孔子之后的代表人物是：孟子；道家在老子之后则是：庄子

花甲之年是指60，古稀是指70，耄耋是指八九十（欲哭无泪，完全不是背的那些杖家、杖朝之年舞勺之年期颐鲐背悬车致政之年的难度）

德先生是指民主赛先生是指科学

唐代小说被成为（唐）传奇

古代科举殿试前三名是状元榜眼探花

联合国常任理事国是哪几个中英法俄美

中国六大古都北京南京西安杭州开封洛阳

成语解释，今年明确说明要写出词义，典故出处并且造句。一共四十分

完璧归赵悲剧的是蔺相如的姓不会写。。。文盲伤不起。。。哎、、、

卧薪尝胆

汗牛充栋

防微杜渐

防民之口甚于防川（这个典故总算是用到了，讲的是周厉王铸大钱铸大钟的事情，其中的典故还有众志成城众口铄金道路以目，都是这个故事）

汉语写作分数80分（这分值。。。上外真是霸气）

今年最大的变化，就是上外把本来的两篇汉语写作减少为一篇了，删掉的是应用文写作（道歉信、感谢信之类的），保留的是大作文，今年的题目是一篇文章（配漫画，画面是语文教材中伸出一只手，将鲁迅推了出去），结合起来写读后感。字数不少于1000字

文章如下

鲁迅的文章刺痛了谁的神经

北极

这是关于新语文教材，逐出鲁迅文章的一幅漫画。

看罢，有人欢喜有人恼。有的人乐得手舞足蹈;也有的人会愤慨和忧虑。

画里的那个包袱，让人看了很是不爽。不知作者在里面放的是什么？是银元还是卢布，可以肯定不会是美元，也不是人民币。因为鲁迅从来就没有讨好美国主子的习惯，不会拿了外国人的钱，来替主子坑害同胞，便得不了美元；不会推荐老子给了红包的儿子，去名牌大学、不会为既做婊子又立牌坊的人去捉刀，给他们歌功颂德，也就得不了人民币。

请记住，鲁迅是惯于在围剿中战斗的，不屈也不倒的战士，绝不是这个雪夜上梁山的林教头的形象。

教材改革不应该是有所非议的，时代在发展，文章也应该有删和增。然而偏偏对鲁迅的文章开刀，用“金庸武侠小说《雪山飞狐》替掉《阿Q正传》”，把《药》、《阿Q正传》、《记念刘和珍君》踢出，一个主编表示，新语文课本对名家作品的增减主要考虑其是否适合现在中学生，考虑语文性。鲁迅先生的一些作品对于现在的中学生来说，可能太深了，他们读起来不容易懂。也顺便把《病梅馆记》，《五人墓碑记》、《狼牙山五壮士》等等都踢出了，增加了一些时髦的文章，还有鲁迅那个时代的一些平淡文章，因有的作者是汉奸，编者美其名曰：论文章的精美不论作者的人品，增加了古文的篇幅，用一位语文老师的话说，有很多篇幅过长，内容晦涩难懂的古文，不知道编者的用意何在，不知道该让学生学习什么；增加了武侠小说，说是改革的开始，以后还得增加，为了适应学生；增加了《新鲜的网络语言》，来“媚

学生。

即使是小孩子也能看出他们言行自相矛盾，难道那些晦涩难懂的古文就比鲁迅的文章容易懂吗？同是鲁迅的文章，换上的就比踢出的易懂吗？

搞教育的主编不去做调查研究，就用可能太深了，他们读起来不容易懂这样主观臆断的话来搪塞吗？与秦桧的莫须有，有何不同？

武侠小说可以宽容，胡言乱语的新人类的网络语言可以宽容......这个也能宽容，那个也能宽容，为什么鲁迅的这几篇影响几代人，深受欢迎的著名文章就不能宽容呢？

透过这些胡言乱语和杂乱无章的行为，可以看出，踢出去的都是针砭时弊或是有战斗性的文章，总之是让人看了有思想，不安心做顺民，更不用说做奴才的文章。换上的文章无论内容好坏，水平高下，都是平和的文章。

这就使人明白一个道理，为什么拿鲁迅的文章开刀，驱逐了鲁迅的文章，那些沐猴而冠者，弹冠相庆，心花怒放。

因为鲁迅的文章刺痛了某些人的神经，让他们如芒在背，如坐针毡，有批判和战斗的文章都让他们不舒服。

此前，就有人反对鲁迅的文章，说在课本里太多，还对孩子影响不好，不文明，不利于和谐；也反对朱自清的文章，说《背影》的感情是假的，作者的父亲翻越站台，就是不遵守交通规则，也是不应该给孩子看的。

透过这些荒唐可笑的谎言，可以看出他们的真正嘴脸。

历史的发展总的是前进的，有时候是循环往复的，一些残渣余孽还会重新泛滥，还会披着新生事物的外衣，借尸还魂。那些鲁迅笔下一些人物又在这个时代出现了，看了鲁迅的文章，他们自己和别人都会对号入座，怎么不让他们心惊肉跳，坐卧不安？

他们惧怕的是鲁迅那可以刺透画皮和伪装，直达骨髓，痛及神经的

‘金不换’。鲁迅的文章像一面照妖镜，毫不留情的照出了各色大小妖魔的嘴脸，所以就拼命反对。

学了鲁迅的文章，会有敏锐的目光、会有骨气、会有正义感。见了欺负女孩子的邓贵大、活埋了不愿搬迁的老太太、为了讨回被乡里克扣的煤矿赔款，被送进精神病院的孔孟故里的老汉......就不会缄默，也要发出几声呐喊，这样怎么不让他们诚惶诚恐呢？

朱自清虽然没有鲁迅这样的投枪和匕首，但也是饿死不吃美援面粉的有骨气的文人，他的骨气和《背影》里的真挚感情，让那些口中恋着雨中巷子走出的，结着丁香般愁结的姑娘，身子却躺在“天上人间”销魂的正人君子们汗颜，羞愧和气恼。

于是他们驱除了阿Q、刘和珍、狼牙山五壮士；砸了五人墓碑，踢了病梅馆、挡住了背影......这些人都是暴徒，好事者，发牢骚的人......怎么能容呢？

孩子们可以去看武侠小说，去雨中忧伤，去晦涩难懂的古文中学国学，去《弟子规》里学规矩，最好去故纸堆里，学八股文，或者像那位被鲁迅痛骂，而如今奉为大师的人，说的那样：只知道干活赚钱吃饭。不怕不做良民，就怕不做顺民，爱管闲事。

万万不能学鲁迅，他可是连欧美的友邦人士和党国政府都抨击的人，不能读他战斗的檄文，那样不就学成不敬官僚、富豪、权威，而为草民贱民呐喊的可恶之人了吗！

鲁迅毕竟是世界级的大师，世界十大文豪里唯一的一个中国人，深受中国人民以及世界人民的敬仰和爱戴，不敢一棒子打死，便有了，编教材的专家说的，用不著名的《铸剑》等文章，替来换，必修的放到选修。

鲁迅的投枪和匕首是为了国家和民族而投的，不是为了自己的个人恩怨和利益，单是这一点就让人感动和敬仰，也对比出那些为了自己的私欲而反对他的人的渺小和卑劣。

鲁迅是中国文化革命的主将，他不但是伟大的文学家，而且是伟大的思想家和伟大的革命家。鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。鲁迅是在文化战线上，代表全民族的大多数，向着敌人冲锋陷阵的最正确、最勇敢、最坚决、最忠实、最热忱的空前的民族英雄。鲁迅的方向，就是中华民族新文化的方向。

鲁迅虽然不在了，但是他的精神还在，文章依然有现实意义、依然有战斗力、依然刺激人的神经。

鲁迅刺激了谁的神经？刺激了那些资本家的乏走狗，落水狗，哈巴狗，聪明人、奴才、赵二爷、假洋鬼子、张嘴欧美教育闭口国学的高尔础、满嘴仁义道德，肚里男盗女娼，心里要吃人的伪君子.....，刺激了那些能自己对号入座的人。

无论几只苍蝇怎么叫，蚍蜉是撼不动大树的，永远也憾不动的！

自己写的洋洋洒洒，炫迈口香糖一样根本停不下来，但中间讲到了陈光诚，南方都市报，和一些其他的，应该不会被河蟹吧。。。。嘎嘎，最后，祝大家考完研后找到新的目标，祝学弟学妹们加油，如果你们明年试卷不变的话，记