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新视野大学英语4课后答案及课文翻译

新视野大学英语4课后答案及课文翻译
新视野大学英语4课后答案及课文翻译

Unit 1

Section A

艺术家追求成名,如同狗自逐其尾,一旦追到手,除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。

成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。

对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家,其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢!”他们的担心不无道理。

追求出人头地,最乐观地说也困难重重,许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒,也是几近精神崩溃。

尽管如此,希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。享受成功的无上光荣,这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。

成名者之所以成名,大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长,并能形成自己的风格。

为了能迅速走红,代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。他们究竟是怎么成功的,大多数人也都说不上来。

尽管如此,艺术家仍然不能闲下来。

若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊,他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力,也就难以保持公众的注意力。

公众的热情消磨以后,就会去追捧下一个走红的人。

有些艺术家为了不落伍,会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动,但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。

公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。

知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来,如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。

同样,像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家,希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。

他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革,这让他们名利双收,但也让他们付出了代价,那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。

名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。骗局很快会被揭穿,过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。

它让你失去自我。你必须是公众认可的那个你,而不是真实的你或是可能的你。

艺人,就像政客一样,必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。

一滴名气之水有可能玷污人的心灵这一整口井,因此一个艺术家若能保持真我,会格外让人惊叹。

你可能答不上来哪些人没有妥协,却仍然在这场名利的游戏中获胜。

一个例子就是爱尔兰著名作家奥斯卡·王尔德,他在社交行为和性行为方面以我行我素而闻名于世。虽然他的行为遭到公众的反对,却依然故我,他也因此付出了惨痛的代价。

在一次宴会上,他一位密友的母亲当着他的朋友和崇拜者的面,指责他在性方面影响了她的儿子。

他听了她的话以后大为光火,起诉了这个年轻人的母亲,声称她毁了自己的“好”名声。但是,他真该请一个更好的律师。

结果是,法官不仅不支持他提出的让这个女人赔偿他名声损失费的请求,反而对他本人进行了罚款。

他由于拒交罚款最终还被送进了监狱。更糟糕的是,他再也无法获得更多公众的宠爱。

在最糟糕的时候,他发现没有一个人愿意拿自己的名声冒险来替他说话。

为保持真我,他付出的代价是,在最需要崇拜者时,谁也不理他。

奇怪的是,收获最大的恰恰是失败者。他们收获了自由!

他们可以自由地表达,独辟蹊径,不落窠臼,不用担心失去崇拜者的支持。

失败的艺术家寻求安慰时,可以想想许多伟大的艺术家都是过世多年以后才成名,或是他们没有出卖自己。

他们也可以为自己的失败辩解:自己的才华实在过于高深,不是当代听众或观众所理解得了的。

那些失败了却仍不肯放弃的顽固派也许会乐于知道,某些名人曾经如何越挫越勇,直至成功。美国小说家托马斯·伍尔芙的第一本小说《向家乡看吧,安琪儿》被拒39次后,才最终得以出版。

贝多芬战胜了父亲认为他毫无音乐家潜质的偏见,成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。

19世纪瑞士著名教育家裴斯泰洛齐原先干的工作没有一件成功,直到他想到去教小孩子,并研究出一种新型教育模式的基础理论。

托马斯·爱迪生在四年级时被赶出了学校,因为老师觉得他似乎太迟钝。

但不幸的是,对大多数人而言,失败是奋斗的结束,而不是开始。

对那些孤注一掷的追名逐利之徒,我要说:祝你们好运。

但是,遗憾的是,你会发现这不是你想得到的。

狗自逐其尾所得到的只是一条尾巴而已。

获得成功的人常常发现成功对他来说弊大于利。

所以要为真实的你、为自己的所为感到高兴,而不是拼命去获得成功。

做那些你为之感到骄傲的事情。

可能在有生之年你默默无闻,但你可能创作了更好的艺术。

Unit 1

Section B

夏日的一天,父亲让我去买些铁丝网和栅栏,用来围畜棚,把牛圈起来。

那时我16岁,最喜欢开上货车,沿着老磨坊路到城里去。

研磨机轮子上的水花在阳光下喷洒,在河道上空形成一道彩虹。我常在半路上把车停下来,在河里洗个澡,凉快一会,享受一下天然空调。

太阳火辣辣的,不用毛巾擦,等我爬上岸边的土坡,穿过路边的壕沟,到达货车时,身上已经都干了。

快进城时,有一段沿着海滩的路,我会在那儿拣贝壳,拣海藻,头顶就是正从轮船上卸货的巨大的起重机。

但是,这次却有所不同。

父亲告诉我,我得向店里要求赊账。

那是1976年,种族主义的丑陋阴影仍然是生活的现实。

我曾目睹我的朋友要求赊账,然后就低着头站在那里,等着店主查询他“配不配赊账”。许多店员只要一看见年轻的黑人走进商店,就盯着他们,疑心他们是小偷。

我们家人诚实正派,

有债必还。

但在庄稼收割之前,所有的钱都已经花光了。

银行里也没有新的存款,

现金不够。

在戴维斯兄弟杂货店,巴克·戴维斯站在收银机后面,正和一个中年农夫说着话。

巴克个子高高的,穿着一件红色的狩猎衬衫,显得饱经风霜。我冲他点了点头,经过他的身边,向五金柜台走去,拿了一盒钉子,一卷用于捆扎的铁丝网和栅栏。

我把要买的东西拖到柜台前,把钉子放进秤盘,小心翼翼地说道:“我要赊账。”

一边抬起胳膊去擦额头上紧张的汗珠。

那个农夫像寻开心般怀疑地看着我,但是巴克的脸色却没有变。

他随和地说道:“当然可以,你老爹总能有借有还,”一边伸手去拿记账的账本。

我舒了一口气。

他转过头,对那个农夫说:

“这是詹姆士·威廉的儿子。

像詹姆士·威廉这样讲信用的人是很少的。”

那个农夫友善地点了点头。

我的心里顿时充满了自豪。

“詹姆士·威廉的儿子”,

这句话打开了通往成年人的尊敬和信任的大门。

当我把沉重的货物拉进货车车厢时,觉得轻而易举,感到比早上离开农庄时更有劲了。

我发现,一个好名声所带来的友好是一笔无价之宝。

人人都知道,威廉家的人是什么样的:是诚实守信的体面人,自尊自重,不干坏事。

我的曾祖父也许曾被作为奴隶拍卖,但这不能成为伤害他人的理由。

相反,我父亲相信,赢得尊敬的唯一方法就是努力工作、尊敬他人。

我们这些孩子──八个男孩和两个女孩──可以坐享这个好名声,除非或直到我们做错什么事情而失去它。

我们要对自己的行为负责,我们也要为相互的行为负责,否则就会毁掉父亲建立起来的好名声。

我们的好名声曾经是,现在仍是把我们家紧紧联系在一起的纽带。

我不愿意辜负父亲的好名声,这激励我成为了家里第一个上大学的人。

我靠在一家四星级酒店当行李工挣钱读完了大学。最终,好名声促使我在华盛顿特区开办了

我个人的公共关系公司。

美国需要在社区里重新树立羞耻感。

吸毒、在酒馆把钱挥霍一空、偷盗、让年轻女子怀孕却又不想和她结婚,这些事本应让人感到无地自容,

但事实并非如此。

在美国,近三分之一的婴儿是单身母亲所生的。这些孩子在成长过程中大多会缺乏安全感和指导,而这正是成为社会的好公民所需要的。

一旦社会纽带和家人相互间的责任瓦解了,社区也就分崩离析。

自从1960年以来,美国的人口虽然只增长了40%,但暴力犯罪却陡增了55%,而我们对此却已司空见惯。青少年吸毒人数也在上升。

在北卡罗来纳的一个县,警察从12所中学逮捕了73名交易毒品的学生,而有些交易就发生在教室里。

与此同时,支撑着文明、体现于细微之处的礼貌和敬意,却正从学校、商店和街头消失。由于受到电视和音乐中的脏话的影响,像“是的,女士”、“不,先生”、“谢谢”和“请”这样的话,只会让今天的孩子哈欠连天。

他们对好名声的作用满不在乎。

从父亲那传下来的,由我的兄弟姐妹和我保持的好名声,在现在仍和过去一样地珍贵。

甚至直到今天,当我走进巴克·戴维斯的商店,或去老家的理发店理发时,人们仍然称呼我是詹姆士·威廉的儿子。

我们家的好名声确实为我铺平了道路。

Unit One

III.

1. idle

2. justify

3. discount

4. distinct

5. minute

6.accused

7. object

8. contaminate

9. sustain 10. worship

IV.

1. accusing... of

2. end up

3. came upon

4. at her worst

5. pay for

6. run a risk of

7. participate in

8. other than

9. object to/objected 10. at best

V

1. K

2. G

3. C

4. E

5. N

6.O

7.I

8. L

9. A 10. D

Collocation

VI.

1. delay

2. pain

3. hardship

4. suffering

5. fever

6. defeat

7. poverty

8. treatment

9. noise 10. agony

Word building

VII.

1. justify

2. glorify

3. exemplifies

4. classified

5. purified

6. intensify

7. identify

8. terrified

VIII.

1. bravery

2. jewelry

3. delivery

4. machinery

5. robbery

6. nursery

7. scenery

8. discovery

Sentence Structure

IX.

1. other than for funerals and weddings

2. other than to live an independent life

3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `

4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .

5. other than that it's somewhere in the town center

X.

1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night

2. would have; told him the answer

3. they needn't have gone at all

4. must have had too much work to do

5. might have been injured seriously

Translation

XI. -

1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.

2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we

may have done during the day.

3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.

4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.

5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.

6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.

XII.

l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时,如果你带有宠物,一定要了解有关宠物的规定。

2一些女性完全可以不待在家里,而是去工作,挣一份不错的工资。但是为了家庭,她们放弃

了工作。

3.你怎么为这样粗鲁的行为辩护?你将会为此付出沉重的代价,因为他们己经以低毁名誉的罪

名起诉你了。

4.批评有其重要作用;我们可能当时不喜欢它,但是它能激励我们去做更伟大的事情。

5.他毫不让步的行为遭到公众的反对,这使得他陷人了精神上崩溃、经济上破产的境地。6.即使你失败了,也不要被失败伤害,更不要被失败左右。记住:失败是学习过程中必要的一

步;它不是学习、的结束,而是学习的开始。

Cloze

XIII.

1 .B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5. B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9. C 10.A

II.D 12.C 13. D 14.A 15. C 16.D 17.B 18.C I9. A 20.D

Section B

Reading Skills.

I.

1. I was a black and was looked down on because of the ugly shadow of racism in 1976.

2. It means that the man was different from others for he was honest and paid debts.

3. The farmer's attitude toward me changed when he learned that I was the son of an honest man who

was different from other blacks.

4. Because American social morality has changed for the worse.

5. Because people believe in honesty and this helps me in my life.

Comprehension o f the Text

II.

1.F

2.T

3.F

4.T

5.T

6.T

7.F

8.T

V ocabulary

1 . melted 2. restore 3. initiative 4. obligation, 5. induce

6. lest

7. relief

8. furnish

9. enquire 10. meanwhile

Exercises on Web course only:

11. deposit 12: intent 13. behave 14.amused 15. glue

IV

1. kept his word 2: shrugged off 3. melted away 4. enquire into 5. cool off

6. pave the way for

7. hold up

8. fall apart

9. wipe away 10. on credit

Unit 2

Section A

他出生在伦敦南部的一个贫困地区。

他穿的短袜是从妈妈的红色长袜上剪下来的。

他的妈妈一度被诊断为精神失常。

狄更斯或许能创作出查理·卓别林的童年故事,

但只有查理·卓别林才能塑造出了不起的喜剧角色“流浪汉”,这个使其创作者声名永驻的衣衫褴褛的小人物。

就卓别林而言,其他国家,如法国、意大利、西班牙,甚至日本,都比他的出生地给予了他更多的掌声(和更多的收益)。

在1913年,卓别林永久地离开了英国,与一些演员一起启程到美国进行舞台喜剧表演。在那里,他被星探招募到好莱坞喜剧片之王麦克·塞纳特的旗下工作。

令人遗憾的是,20世纪二、三十年代的很多英国人认为卓别林的“流浪汉”多少有点“粗俗”。

中产阶级当然这样认为。劳动阶层反倒更有可能为这样一个反抗权势的角色拍手喝彩:他以顽皮的小拐杖使绊子,或用皮靴后跟对准权势者肥大的臀部踢一下。

尽管如此,卓别林的滑稽乞丐形象并不那么像英国人,甚至也不像劳动阶级的人。

英国流浪者并不留小胡子,也不穿肥大的裤子或燕尾服:欧洲的领导人和意大利的侍者才那样穿戴。

另外,“流浪汉”瞟着漂亮女孩的眼神也有些粗俗,被英国观众认为不太正派──只有外国人才那样,不是吗?

而在卓别林大半的银幕生涯中,银幕上的他是不出声的,也就无从证明他是英国人。

事实上,当卓别林再也无法抵制有声电影,不得不为他的“流浪汉”寻找“合适的声音”时,他确实很头疼。

他尽可能地推迟那一天的到来:在1936 的《摩登时代》里,他第一次在影片里发声唱歌。在片中,他扮演一名侍者,满口胡言乱语,听起来不像任何国家的语言。

后来他说,他想象中的“流浪汉”是一位受过大学教育,但已经没落的绅士。

但假如他在早期那些短小的喜剧电影中能操一口受教育人的口音,那么他是否会闻名世界就难说了,

而英国人也肯定会觉得这很“古怪”。没有人知道卓别林这么干是不是有意的,但这促使他获得了巨大的成功。

他是一个才能非凡的人,他的决心之大甚至在好莱坞明星中也十分少见。

他的巨大名声为他带来了自由,更重要的是带来了财富,他因此得以成为自己的主人。

在事业发展之初,他就感到一种冲动要去发掘并扩展自己身上所显露的天才。

当他第一次在银幕上看到自己扮演的“流浪汉”时,他说:“这不可能是我。那可能吗?瞧这角色多么与众不同啊!”

这种震惊唤起了他的想象。

卓别林并没有把他的笑料事先写成文字。他是那种边表演边根据感觉去创造艺术的喜剧演员。

没有生命的物体特别有助于卓别林发挥自己艺术家的天赋。

他将这些物体想象成其他东西。

因此,在《当铺老板》中,一个坏闹钟变成了正在接受手术的“病人”;在《淘金记》中,靴子被放在锅里煮,靴底被蘸着盐和胡椒吃掉,就像上好的鱼片一样(鞋钉就像鱼骨那样被剔除)。

这种对事物的转化,以及他一次又一次做出这种转化的技巧,正是卓别林伟大喜剧的奥秘所在。

他也深切地渴望被爱,同时也害怕遭到背叛。

这两者很难结合在一起,有时这种冲突导致了灾难,就像他早期的几次婚姻那样。

然而即使是这种以沉重代价换来的自知之明也在他的喜剧创作中得到了表现。

“流浪汉”始终没有失去对卖花女的信心,相信她正等待着与自己共同走进夕阳之中;而卓别林的另一面使他的凡尔杜先生,一个杀了妻子的法国人,成为了仇恨女人的象征。

令人宽慰的是,生活最终把卓别林先前没能获得的稳定和幸福给了他。

他找到了沃娜·奥尼尔·卓别林这个伴侣。她的沉稳和深情跨越了他们之间37岁的年龄差距。他们的年龄差别太大,以致当1942年他们要结婚时,新娘公布了他们的结婚日期后,为他们办理手续的官员问这位漂亮的17岁姑娘:“那个年轻人在哪儿?”──当时已经54岁的卓别林小心翼翼在外面等候着。

由于沃娜本人出生在一个被各种麻烦困扰的大家庭,她对卓别林生活中将面临的挑战也做好了充分准备,因为当时关于他俩有很多毫无根据的流言。后来在他那个有那么多天才孩子的大家庭中,卓别林有时会引发争吵,而她则成了安宁的中心。

卓别林死于1977年圣诞节。

几个月后,几个近乎可笑的盗尸者从他的家庭墓室盗走了他的尸体以借此诈钱。

警方追回了他的尸体,其效率比麦克·塞纳特拍摄的启斯东喜剧片中的笨拙警察要高得多。但是人们不禁会感到,卓别林一定会把这一奇怪的事件看作是对他的十分恰当的纪念──他以这种方式给这个自己曾为之带去这么多笑声的世界留下最后的笑声。

Unit 2

Section B

24岁的阿加莎·墨丹妮·姆波戈,为人谦虚,谈吐温柔,算不上是个革命者的形象。

然而就在6个月前,她做了一件极富革命性的事情:她参加了肯尼亚恩布市的市长竞选,并且当选。

更令人感到意外的是,姆波戈女士是由区议会的同事们投票选出的,而那些人全是男性。在肯尼亚乃至整个非洲,妇女的政治力量日益壮大。恩布市是一个位于内罗毕东北部的农业地区,距内罗毕两个小时的车程。对于生活在此地的数千妇女来说,姆波戈成了这种力量的标志。

1992年,姆波戈女士开始追寻她的从政梦想,她竞选了恩布市议员。像其他打算从政的非洲妇女一样,她面对着很多阻碍:

她缺钱,

没有政治经验,

要回答许多关于她个人生活的荒唐问题。

她说:“我的对手一口咬定我要与外市的人结婚并搬走。”

姆波戈还要面对本市妇女的诸多误解,她们中间有许多人起初并不愿意为她投票。

她成为捍卫妇女政治权利的使者,向妇女团体发表演说或者挎着手提包挨家挨户去做演讲,并给他们讲解政体,一讲就是数小时。

“她胜出我很高兴,因为是男人们选举了她,”恩布市的一位农民政治活动家利迪亚·基曼尼如是说。

“这正是我期望的结果,因为它似乎战胜了‘女人当不了领导者’这种观念。”

非洲妇女的教育已经成为政治活动家们着重考虑的问题。

有个机构已经在肯尼亚农村举办了十几次研讨会,目的是帮助妇女理解国家宪法以及民主政治制度的程序及理论。

一位资深的女政治活动家说,许多妇女连参政的最基本知识都没学过。

她说,有人教她们,在竞选运动中谁“给你半公斤面粉、200克食盐或一条面包”,就投票

选谁。

妇女政治活动家们说她们正在与根深蒂固的文化传统作斗争。

这些传统要非洲妇女做饭、打扫屋子、照管孩子、种庄稼、收庄稼、支持丈夫。

她们通常不能继承土地,不能与丈夫离婚,不能理财,也不能从政。

然而,肯尼亚妇女从事政治活动并不是什么新现象。

在20世纪50年代争取独立的斗争中,肯尼亚妇女就经常秘密地为部队提供武器并监视殖民军的阵地。

但是独立之后,领导者们惟恐失去自己的权力,将妇女排斥在政界之外。这种现象在非洲大陆随处可见。

今天,男性仍占有优势。

肯尼亚妇女占选民人数的60%,但在国民大会中的席位仅有3%。

从来没有一位肯尼亚妇女担任过内阁职务。

在这种背景下,阿加莎·姆波戈开始了她的政治生涯。

在赢得议会席位之后,她拒绝了被同事称为“女人委员会”的教育及社会服务委员会的职位,而加入了城市规划委员会。这是个更显眼的工作。

接着,在去年,她决定挑战恩布市市长,一位资深政客。

姆波戈女士说,为肯尼亚乡村地区提供大量捐助的团体“不愿意到这里来”,为此她感到很失望。

“我们没看到有人为社区办过什么事,”她说。

“这是一件丑闻,捐资者的钱似乎落入了个人腰包。”

经过一场激烈的竞选,她以7比6的选票当选。

她说恩布市的妇女为此兴高采烈,

而男人们则很不解,有些甚至心怀敌意。

她回忆说,男人们不解:那些男人怎么会选一个女人?

但姆波戈女士并没有像其他女政治家那样受到攻击。

有些女政治家曾说她们的支持者有时在集会后会受到棍棒袭击。

去年6月,肯尼亚警方企图驱散在内罗毕西北部举行的一次妇女政治集会,坚持说它是非法的,可能引发骚乱。

目击者报告说,当时有100名妇女,包括一名国民大会委员。她们拒绝离开,于是警官扯下她们的标语,并对她们棒打拳击。

与此相反,姆波戈女士通常受到恩布市男士们的热烈欢迎,许多人说现在很高兴议会选择了她。

如今,捐助团体正式给恩布市的若干项目提供了资金。

在市中心建起了一个新市场。

医院新增添了有200个床位的产房。

为几十个流浪街头、无家可归的孩子建起了集体宿舍。

姆波戈女士对这个市场和医院感到特别自豪,因为“它们对妇女有很大的影响”。

在现在的市场上,数以百计的人在遮阳伞下摆卖果蔬。一个卖柠檬的妇女说她喜欢新市长。

“我感觉如果碰到问题,我可以到她的办公室去找她,”她说。

“以前的市长呼来喝去,好像是个皇帝,他并不想听我的问题。”

旁边,有个男人说他发觉姆波戈女士带来了一种清新的变化。

“我厌倦了男人,”看着自己那一大堆洋葱,他说。

“他们只会许诺,但没有实际的东西。只要她能不断带来我们所需的东西,她就行。”

unit 2

Section A

Comprehension o f the text

1. He lived a poor and miserable life during his childhood.

2. Because no one in Britain appeared to appreciate his talent for comedy. His comic figures did not

conform to British standards.

3. Because his dress and behavior didn't seem that English.

4. It was the first movie in which Chaplin spoke.

5. He used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along without a prepared script.

6. His transformation of lifeless objects into other kinds of objects, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again.

7. She brought stability and happiness to him and became a center of calm in his family.

8. Comic.

V ocabulary

III.

1. coarse

2. betrayed

3. incident

4. postponed

5. execute

6. surrounding

7. applause

8. extraordinary

9. clumsy 10. sparked

IV.

1. for

2. against

3. up

4. about

5. up

6. to

7. down

8. down

9. in 10. on

V.

l. I 2.J 3.B 4.D 5.E 6.G 7.F 8.L 9.N 10.A

Collocation
VI.

1. service

2. help/hand

3. influence

4. guarantee

5. visit

6. span .

7. welcome

8. spirit

9. duties 10. buildings

Word Building

VII.

1. artist

2. terrorist

3. novelist

4. activists

5. biologists

6. idealist

7. capitalists

8. tourist

1. terrorism

2. industrialism

3. realism

4. idealism

5. criticism

6. heroism

7. racism

8. Modernism

sentence structure

IX

1. If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.

2. If he had tried to leave the country, he would have been stopped at the border.

3. If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life.

4. If I had caught that plane, I would have been killed in the air crash.

5. If he had been in good health, he could have written many books.

X.

1. it is a wonder to find

2. It is a surprise for us to find

3. it is a waste of time to argue with him

4. It's a comfort to know

5. It is a relief for us to learn

XI

1. If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience.

2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.

3. I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along.

4. As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity.

5. She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.

6. No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.

XII

1 .If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous,it would have attracted a larger audience.‘

2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.

3 .I never had formal training,I just learned as I went along·

4. As their products find their way into the international market,their brand is gaining in popularity.

5 .She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone,but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.

6 .No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.

XII.

1.如果没有查理·卓别林,世界电影史就会不一样了。

2.令人感到宽慰的是,他的努力最终给予了他长期渴望的结果—他成功地发现了这种疾病的

3.查理·卓别林是最伟大、最广受热爱的电影明星之一。从《流浪汉》到《摩登时代》,他拍摄了许多他那个时代最有趣、最受欢迎的电影。他最出名的是他扮演的一个人物—年轻可爱的小流浪汉。

4.卓别林是一个才能非凡的人:自他1914年第一次在电影中出现,两年时间内他就成了这个国

家最有名的人物之一。

5.查理·卓别林对20世纪初期每个人的生活都产生了影响。与有史以来的任何人相比,他让更

多的人欢笑,改变了人们看待这个世界的方式。

6. 1977年,查理·卓别林在圣诞节那天去世了,身后留下了悲伤的家人和朋友,以及全世界数

以百万计的影迷。

Cloze

XIII.

1 .C 2. B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. C

11 .D 12. A 13.A 14.C 15.B 16. D 17.A 18.C 19. B 20. A

Structured Writing

XV.

Charlie Chaplin is a great comic for his native land Britain, but even more so for the world. On the stage he often wore tiny moustaches, huge pants and tailcoats that were perhaps more characteristic of

Europeans and may be not much of the British. Since more than half of the roles Chaplin played were

in silent films, people throughout the world had no difficulty understanding his films. With sound movies, Chaplin created a nonsense language that sounded like no known nationality and was accepted

and appreciated by people all over the world. For most of his lifetime he did not stay in his mother country; he traveled throughout the world to appear on stage for people of different nationalities.

SECTION B

I.

1. F. It is basically a fact though the sentence contains some words for opinions.

Words representing opinions: a most revolutionary thing

Words representing facts: six months ago; ran for mayor of Embu, Kenya, and won

2. F? It is basically a fact though the sentence contains some words for opinions.

Words representing opinions: even more surprising

Words representing facts: was voted in by her colleagues on the District Council, all men

3. O. It is basically an opinion though the sentence contains some words for facts.

Words representing opinions: suddenly became a symbol of the increasingly powerful political force

Words representing facts: thousands of women in this farming area two hours northeast of Nairobi 4. F. It is basically a fact though the sentence contains some words for opinions.

Words representing opinions: many women had not been taught the basics of political

participation

Words representing facts: One veteran female political activist said

What the veteran female political activist said was a fact. So the sentence is basically factual.

5. O. It is basically an opinion though the sentence contains some words for facts.

Words representing opinions: not a new phenomenon

Words representing facts: political activity among Kenyan women

Comprehension of the 5-ext

II.

1.T

2.F

3.F

4.T

5.F

6.T

7.F

8.T

V ocabulary

III.

1. fierce

2. launched

3. colleagues

4. illegal

5. funded

6. jealous

7. refresh

8. substantial

9. sow 10. ridiculous

IV.

1. Could we take a walk? I feel like a little exercise.

2. Ms. Mbogo had made a bold decision: to run for mayor of Embu, Kenya.

3. Some leaders in Kenya were afraid of losing their power, so they tried everything to shut' Kenyan

women out of politics.

4. She decided long ago that she would study the subject in earnest as soon as she left school.

5. He was arrested because he was paid to spy on our air bases.

6. After almost four hours of fierce negotiation, the President had the upper hand.

7. Victims of traffic accidents make up almost a quarter of the hospital's patients.

8. Ms. Mbogo's victory was important because all her male colleagues voted her in.

9. Two young men were originally hired to watch over the house as it was being built.

10. It is reported that government troops tried to break up the protest by firing their guns in the air. style

Unit 3

Section A

人人都觉得福利救济对象是在骗人。

当我认识的许多坐轮椅的人面临与宠物猫分吃生猫食的窘境时,都会向福利机构多骗取几美元。为了能领到一点额外的福利款,

他们告诉政府说他们实际上少拿了200美元的养老金,

或告诉社会工作者,说房东又将房租涨了100 美元。

我选择了过一种完全诚实的生活,

因此我不会那样做,而是四处找活,揽些画漫画的活。

我甚至还告诉福利机构我赚了多少钱!

哦,私下里领一笔钱当然对我挺有吸引力,

但即使我挡不住这种诱惑,我投稿的那些大杂志也不会去给自己惹麻烦。

他们会保留我的记录,而这些记录会直接进入政府的电脑。

真是态度鲜明,毫不含糊。

作为一名福利救济对象,我必须在社会工作者面前卑躬屈膝。

社会工作者心里知道,许多救济对象在欺骗他们,因此他们觉得,作为补偿,他们有权让救济对象向他们点头哈腰。我并不是故意感到忿忿不平。

大多数社会工作者刚开始时都是些大学毕业生,有理想,而且思想开明。

可是,在这个实际上是要人撒谎的体制里干了几年后,他们就变得与那个叫“苏珊娜”的人一样了──一个穿运动短裤的侦探。

去年圣诞节过后不久,苏珊娜到我家来了解情况,看到墙上贴着新的宣传画,

便想知道:“你从哪儿弄到钱来买这些?”

“从朋友和家人那儿。”

“那么,你最好要张收据,真的,你接受任何捐献或礼物都要报告。”

她这是在暗示我:得哀求她了。

但是我却将她顶了回去。

“那天在马路上有人给我一根烟,我也得报告吗?”

“对不起,卡拉汉先生,可是规定不是我制订的。”

苏珊娜试图就修理轮椅的问题训斥我。由于福利部门不愿意花钱好好地修理,所以它总是坏。“您是知道的,卡拉汉先生,我听说您的那辆轮椅比一般人用得多得多。”

我当然用得多,

我是个工作很积极的人,又不是植物人。

我住在闹市区附近,可以坐着轮椅到处走走。

我真想知道如果她突然摔坏臀部,不得不爬着去上班时,会是什么感受。

政府削减福利开支已经导致许多人挨饿受苦,我只是其中之一。

但它对脊柱伤残的人的影响更为突出:政府已经不管我们的轮椅了。

每次我的轮椅出问题,掉了螺丝,需要换个新轴承,或刹车不灵时,我都打电话给苏珊娜,但每次都要挨训。

她最后总会说:“好吧,如果今天我能抽出时间的话,我会找医务人员的。”

她该通知医务人员,由医务人员来确认问题确实存在,

然后打电话给各家轮椅维修公司,拿到最低的报价。

接着医务人员就通知州政府的福利总部,

他们再花几天时间考虑这件事。而这期间我只能躺在床上,动弹不得。

最后,如果我幸运的话,他们会给我回电话,同意维修。

当福利部门获悉我画漫画赚钱时,苏珊娜就开始每两个星期“拜访”我一次,而不再是每两个月一次了。

她寻遍每个角落,想找出我未上报的电器,或者是女仆、烤炉里的烤猪、停在房后新买的直升飞机什么的。

她从来都是一无所获,但最后我总要填厚厚的一叠表格,说明每一分钱的来历。

如何逐渐脱离福利照顾,这在法律条款中没有明确规定。

我是一个独立的生意人,正在慢慢建立起自己的市场。

要脱离福利救济,一下子每月挣2, 000美元是不可能的。但我很想自己负担部分生活费用,不必在每次需要为轮椅买点配件时都去尴尬地求人。

真需要有一位律师来捍卫福利救济对象的权利,因为这一福利体制不仅容易使福利提供者滥用权力,也很容易使救济对象滥用权力。

前几天,由于药剂师说我使用的医疗用品超出常量,于是福利部门派苏珊娜到我的住所调查。我确实多用了,因为外科手术中切的排尿孔的大小改变了,尿袋的连接处发生渗漏。

她正做着记录,我家的电话铃响了。

苏珊娜接听了电话,是一位州议员打来的,这使她慌了一下。

数以千计像我这样的福利救济对象,如果允许的话,可以慢慢地负担自己的一部分甚至全部生活费用,对此,我要不要在州政府的委员会里尝试着做点儿什么呢?

还用说吗?我当然要!

总有一天,像我这样的福利救济对象将在一种新的福利制度下过上好日子,这种制度不会千方百计证明福利救济对象在欺骗,而是要鼓励他们自立。

他们将能自由地、毫无愧疚、毫不担忧地发挥他们的才干,或拥有一份稳定的好工作。

Unit 3

Section B

已经是下午很晚了,我们驻曼谷公司的主席分配给我一个任务:要我在第二天陪一位重要的中国客商去泰国北部的旅游点。

我眼睛瞪着桌子,心里直冒火。

桌上成堆的文件足以证明,尽管我一周七天都在工作,可还有大量的工作等着我去做。

我真不知道如何才能把这些活儿赶出来。

第二天早晨,坐了一个小时飞机后,我们与其他数百名游客一起游览了一些景点。他们大多数都带着相机,满载着小礼物。

我仍记得那天挤在密集的人群中,心里很恼火。

当天晚上我和这位中国伙伴一起坐上了旅游包车去吃晚饭、看表演。那场表演我以前看过很多次了。

他跟其他游客聊着天,我则在黑暗中跟一位坐在我前面的男士说些应酬的话。他是位比利时人,讲一口流利的英语。

我开始感到奇怪,为什么他的头一动不动地保持着一个古怪的角度,好像在祷告一样。

后来我才恍然大悟,

他是位盲人。

我身后有人打开了灯,我看到了他浓密的银发,还有方正有力的下巴。

他的双眼里似乎有一层白膜。

“我吃饭时能坐在您的旁边吗?”他问道。

“我很想您能把看到的向我略作介绍。”

“我很乐意,”我回答说。

我的客人与几位新交的朋友径直走进了餐馆,

我和这位盲人跟了进去。

我用手搀着他的肘部给他领路,但他昂首挺胸地前行,没有丝毫的犹豫或佝偻,好像是他在给我带路。

我们找了一张靠近舞台的桌子,

他要了半升啤酒,我则要了一杯葡萄汽水。

我们等着上饮料时,这位盲人说:“我们西方人听起来这首乐曲似乎变调了,但还是挺有魅力的,您能描述一下奏乐的人吗?”

我并没注意到舞台那头的五个人,他们在奏着演出的开场乐曲。

“他们盘着腿坐在小地毯上,身着宽松的白色棉布衬衫和肥大的黑裤,腰系染成鲜红色的布带。

他们中三个是年轻小伙子,还有一位中年乐手和一位老年乐手。

他们中一个击鼓,另一个奏着木制的弦乐器,另外三个用琴弓拉着一种类似小提琴但要小一些的乐器。”

光线暗下来,盲人问:“那些游客们都长什么模样?”

“他们来自不同国家,肤色、体形、个头也都不同,简直就是一个不同种族人的大聚会,”我低声说。

我把声音压得更低,凑近他的耳朵说话,他也热切地把头靠过来。

从来没有人如此强烈地想听我讲话。

“离我们很近的是一位日本老妇人,”我说。

“她旁边有一个黄头发的斯堪的纳维亚男孩,大约五岁,身体往前倾,他的脸刚好在老妇人的脸下面。

他们一动不动,等着演出开始。

这真是一幅生动完美的画像,有老人也有儿童,有欧洲也有亚洲。”

“是的,是的,我看到他们了,”盲人微笑着轻声说。

舞台后部的帷幕拉开了,

出来六位年轻女孩子。我向他描述她们身着紫罗兰色丝裙,白色外衣,头戴形似小皇冠的金色帽子,帽上的饰物随着舞蹈节奏有弹性地跳动着。

“她们的手指上有金色的指甲,有八厘米长吧,”我告诉盲人。

“长指甲使手部的每一个动作都更显得十分优美,真好看。”

他微笑着点点头:

“太美妙了,我真想摸一下那些金色的指甲。”

第一个节目结束时,我们刚好吃完甜食,我找了个借口过去与戏院经理搭话。

我一回来就告诉我的伙伴:“有人请你到后台去。”

几分钟后他站到了其中一位舞蹈演员的身旁,她戴着小皇冠,但还不及他胸部那么高。

她害羞地将两只手伸向他,黄铜指甲在头顶射下的灯光下闪闪发光。

他慢慢地伸出双手,那双手足有女孩手的四倍大,他握住了那双小手,就好像捧起两只小鸟一样。

他抚摸着那些光滑、呈弧形弯曲的金属尖指甲时,女孩静静地站着,惊奇地注视着他的脸。我不禁哽咽了。

乘出租车回酒店后,我的中国客人仍然与别人在一起。盲人拍拍我的肩膀,把我拉向他,紧紧地拥抱着我。

“你帮我看到的一切太美了,”他低声说,

“真不知道怎么感谢你。”

后来我想,是我该谢谢他。

其实盲的人是我,我看事物只是在表面一掠而过。

在这忙碌的世界里,一层快速形成的面纱遮住了我们的双眼,是他帮我揭开了这层面纱,见到了一个以前从未欣赏到的崭新世界。

此行之后的一周,主席告诉我,那位中国经理来电话说他对旅程非常满意。

“干得好,”主席笑着说,

“我就知道你会有神奇的表现。”

我无法告诉他,是别人的神奇改变了我。

unit 3

Section A

V ocabulary

III.

1. raw

2. convicted

3. compensation

4. notify

5. provisions

6. receipt

7. paste

8. altered

9. thrive 10. certify

Exercises on Web course only:

11. donation 12. roast 13. rent 14. champion 15. temptation

IV

1. up

2. to

3. down

4. of

5. out

6. into

7. for

8. on

9. through 10. of

1. M

2. E

3. G

4. A

5. H

6. C

7.1

8. K

9.0 10. D

Collocation

VI.

1. respect

2. degree

3. money

4. living

5. praise

6. place

7. success

8. scholarship

9. job 10. reputation

Word Building

VII.

1. longish

2. animal-like

3. selfish

4. honey-like

5. ball-like

6. boyish

7. yellowish

8. bookish

VIII.

1. politicians

2. technician

3. comedian

4. musicians

5. physicians

6. electricians

7. beautician

8. magician

sentence structure

IX.

1. The wanted man is believed to be living in New York.

2. Many people are said to be homeless after the floods.

3. Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion.

4. The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall.

5. Four people are reported to have been seriously injured in the accident.

X.

1. He tried sending her flowers, but it didn't have any effect.

2. I don't regret telling her what I thought, even if I upset her.

3. The window was broken because I forgot to close it when I left.

4. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are out of stock.

5. He welcomed the new student and then went on to explain the college regulations. Translation

XI.

1. Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the

affair in person.

2. These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they are

again faced with the threat of losing their jobs.

3. You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods.

4. Their car broke down halfway for no reason. As a result they arrived three hours later than they had

planned.

5. The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.

6. The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is

thriving.

1.据报道这个男子曾在私下说:“许多救济对象在欺骗我们,因此,作为补偿,我们有权让他们对我们点头哈腰。

2.我们考虑了你的背景与经历,很遗憾地告诉你,我们目前没有适合你的工作机会。

3.我没能按奥斯卡的暗示去做,相反,我反驳了那个妇女,结果她竟然是我们的新经理。

4.需要有人来充当穷人权利的捍卫者,因为这一体制太容易被滥用。

5.我的车子在高速公路上抛锚后,我打电话向警察求助,20分钟后他们赶来帮我。

6.他热爱艺术,却经受了巨大的痛苦—贫穷与误解。

close

XIII.

1 .B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5.B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B

11 .D 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.B 17.C 18.A 19:D 20.B

structured Writing

XV

It is difficult to get a welfare client’s wheelchair repaired.Once my wheelchair needed repairing,and I notified my caseworker. She gave me a lecture that I hadn’t taken good care of my wheelchair.

Then she told me that I must have the patience to wait until she had the time to report my wheelchair

conditions to my medical worker. Then the medical worker called the wheelchair repair companies to get the cheapest bid and informed the main welfare office at the state capital.It took them another

several days to consider the matter. When they finally got my wheelchair repaired,I had been confined

to bed for more than half a month.

Section B

Reading Skills

I.

1. "The stacks of paper" is being personified as someone who can bear witness to something.

2. "Western ears" symbolize people from Western countries.

3. "A gallery of human faces" symbolizes a gathering of people of different origins.

4. As we know a portrait does not have life. It is in a figurative way to say "a living portrait".

5. The word "like" tells us that this part is a simile, comparing hats to small crowns.

6. "Two tiny birds" are clearly a metaphor for the girl's two small hands, showing that it was with loving care that the blind man held the girl's hands.

Comprehension of the Text

II.

1. The stacks of paper bore witness to a huge amount of work waiting to be done, even though I had

been working seven days a week.

2. I remember feeling annoyed at this dense collection of humanity.

3. Then the truth struck me. He was blind.

4. As we waited for our drinks, the blind man said, "The music seems out of tune to our Western

but it has charm."

5. They are motionless, waiting for the performance to start.

6. The first performance ended just as we finished dessert, and I excused myself and went to talk to

the theater manager.

7. A few minutes later he was standing next to one of the dancers, her little crowned head hardly reaching his chest.

8. About a week after our trip, the chairman told me the Chinese executive had called to express great

satisfaction with the trip.

V ocubulary III.

1. skimmed

2. steer

3. chartered

4. angle

5. veil

6. magic

7. realm

8. annoy

9. dense 10. highlighted

IV.

1. Many of these poems bear witness to his years spent in India, England, and China.

2. The other players in the team are better than me, but I'm slowly catching up.

3. 1 was loaded with many parcels, unable to walk any faster.

4. The place was deserted and there was no sign of human beings living there.

5. These instruments should be switched on and checked before we start our work.

6. My friend was dressed in a black coat whereas I was in jeans.

7. All those connected with the mission were in prayer for her, but her life was not spared.

8. May I excuse myself for a while, Mr. Davis?

9. Have you ever noticed that at yesterday's concert one of the violinists was out of tune?

10. All too soon it was over and we left feeling we had just skimmed the surface of this fascinating topic.

Unit 4

Section A

一个将会大大提高发展中国家生活水准的转变正方兴未艾。

一些不久前还是信息闭塞的地方正在迅速获得最新的通信技术,这将促进他们吸纳国内外投资。

亚洲、拉丁美洲和东欧的许多国家也许需要10年时间来改善其交通、电力供应和其他公用设施。

但是只一根直径小于半毫米的光纤电缆就可以比由铜丝制成的粗电缆承载更多的信息。

由于安装了光纤电缆、数字转换器和最新的无线传输系统,从北京到布达佩斯的一系列城区和工业区正在直接步入信息时代。

一个蛛网般的数字和无线通信网络已经发展到亚洲的大部分地区和东欧的部分地区。

所有这些发展中地区都把先进的通信技术看作一种跨越经济发展诸阶段的途径。

例如,信息技术的广泛应用有望缩短劳动密集型的组装工业转向涉及工程、营销和设计的那些产业所需的时间。

现代通信技术“将使中国、越南这样的国家比那些困于旧技术的国家拥有巨大的优势”。

新视野大学英语4第二版课文翻译

Unit 1 Section A 艺术家追求成名,如同狗自逐其尾,一旦追到手,除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。 对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家,其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢~”他们的担心不无道理。 追求出人头地,最乐观地说也困难重重,许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒,也是几近精神崩溃。 尽管如此,希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。享受成功的无上光荣,这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。 成名者之所以成名,大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长,并能形成自己的风格。 为了能迅速走红,代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。他们究竟是怎么成功的,大多数人也都说不上来。 尽管如此,艺术家仍然不能闲下来。 若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊,他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力,也就难以保持公众的注意力。 公众的热情消磨以后,就会去追捧下一个走红的人。 有些艺术家为了不落伍,会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动,但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。 公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。 知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来,如田纳西?威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特?海明威的情节安排、罗伯特?弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。

同样,像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家,希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。 他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革,这让他们名利双收,但也让他们付出了代价,那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。 名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。骗局很快会被揭穿,过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。 它让你失去自我。你必须是公众认可的那个你,而不是真实的你或是可能的你。艺人,就像政客一样,必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。 一滴名气之水有可能玷污人的心灵这一整口井,因此一个艺术家若能保持真我,会格外让人惊叹。 你可能答不上来哪些人没有妥协,却仍然在这场名利的游戏中获胜。 一个例子就是爱尔兰著名作家奥斯卡?王尔德,他在社交行为和性行为方面以我行我素而闻名于世。虽然他的行为遭到公众的反对,却依然故我,他也因此付出了惨痛的代价。在一次宴会上,他一位密友的母亲当着他的朋友和崇拜者的面,指责他在性方面影响了她的儿子。 他听了她的话以后大为光火,起诉了这个年轻人的母亲,声称她毁了自己的“好”名声。但是,他真该请一个更好的律师。 结果是,法官不仅不支持他提出的让这个女人赔偿他名声损失费的请求,反而对他本人进行了罚款。 他由于拒交罚款最终还被送进了监狱。更糟糕的是,他再也无法获得更多公众的宠爱。在最糟糕的时候,他发现没有一个人愿意拿自己的名声冒险来替他说话。

新视野大学英语四翻译

第一单元 The Doctrine of the Mean is the core ofConfucianism. The so-called “mean” by Confuciusdoesn’t mean “compromise” but a “moderate”and “just-right” way when understanding andhandling objective things. Confucius advocatedthat this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but alsobe integrated into one’s daily conduct to makeit a virtue through self-cultivation and training. The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core ofConfucianism but also an important componentof traditional Chinese culture. From the time itcame into being to the present, it has played aninvaluable role in the construction of nationalspirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture. 中庸思想是儒家思想的重要内容。孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”,而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。孔子主张不仅要把这种思想作为一种认识和处理事物的方法来看待,而且还通过自身修养和锻炼,把它融入自己的日常行为当中,使之成为一种美德。中庸思想是儒家思想的

新视野大学英语第册课文翻译

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Most would be hard-pressed to tell you how they even got there. Artists cannot remain idle, though. When the performer, painter or writer becomes bored, their work begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention of the public. After their enthusiasm has dissolved, the public simply moves on to the next flavor of the month. Artists who do attempt to remain current by making even minute changes to their style of writing, dancing or singing, run a significant risk of losing the audience's favor. The public simply discounts styles other than those for which the artist has become famous. Famous authors' styles—a Tennessee Williams play or a plot by Ernest Hemingway or a poem by Robert Frost or T.S. Eliot—are easily recognizable. The same is true of painters like Monet, Renoir, or Dali and moviemakers like Hitchcock, Fellini, Spielberg, Chen Kaige or Zhang Yimou. Their distinct styles marked a significant change in form from others and gained them fame and fortune. However, they paid for it by giving up the freedom to express themselves with other styles or forms. Fame's spotlight can be hotter than a tropical jungle—a fraud is quickly exposed, and the pressure of so much attention is too much for most to endure. It takes you out of yourself: You must be what the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be. The performer, like the politician, must often please his or her audiences by saying things he or she does not mean or fully believe. One drop of fame will likely contaminate the entire well of a man's soul, and so an artist who remains true to himself or herself is particularly amazing. You would be hard-pressed to underline many names of those who have not compromised and still succeeded in the fame game. An example, the famous Irish writer Oscar Wilde, known for his uncompromising behavior, both social and sexual, to which the public objected, paid heavily for remaining true to himself. The mother of a young man Oscar was intimate with accused him at a banquet in front of his friends and fans of sexually influencing her son. Extremely angered by her remarks, he sued the young man's mother, asserting that she had damaged his "good" name. He should have hired a better attorney, though. The judge did not second Wilde's call to have the woman pay for damaging his name, and instead fined Wilde. He ended up in jail after refusing to pay, and even worse, was permanently expelled from the wider circle of public favor. When things were at their worst, he found that no one was willing to risk his or her name in his defense. His price for remaining true to himself was to be left alone when he needed his fans the most. Curiously enough, it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward: freedom! They enjoy the freedom to express themselves in unique and original ways without fear of losing the support of fans. Failed artists may find comfort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away or in knowing that they did not sell out. They may justify their failure by convincing themselves their genius is too sophisticated for contemporary audiences. Single-minded artists who continue their quest for fame even after failure might also like to know that failure has motivated some famous people to work even harder to succeed. Thomas Wolfe, the American novelist, had his first novel Look Homeward, Angel rejected 39 times before it was finally published. Beethoven overcame his father, who did not believe that he had any potential as a musician, to become the greatest musician in the world. And Pestalozzi, the famous Swiss educator in the 19th century, failed at every job he ever had until he came upon the idea of teaching children and developing the fundamental theories to produce a new form of education. Thomas Edison was thrown out of school in the fourth grade, because he seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. Unfortunately for most people, however, failure is the end of their struggle, not the beginning. I say to those who desperately seek fame and fortune: good luck. But alas, you may find that it was not what you wanted. The dog who catches his tail discovers that it is only a tail. The person who achieves success often discovers that it does more harm than good. So instead of trying so hard to achieve success, try to be happy with who you are and what you do. Try to do work that you can be proud of. Maybe you won't be famous in your own lifetime, but you may create better art. 1B One summer day my father sent me to buy some wire and fencing to put around our barn to pen up the bull. At 16, I liked nothing better than getting behind the wheel of our truck and driving into town

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新视野大学英语第三版第二册读写课文翻译 Unit 1 Text A 一堂难忘的英语课 1 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长,那么我儿子也许是对的。对他而言,我是一个乏味的怪物:一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲,一个还沉湎于语法规则的人,对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。 2 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时,才开始对这个问题认真起来的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她:“欧洲之行如何?” 3 她点了三四下头,绞尽脑汁,苦苦寻找恰当的词语,然后惊呼:“真是,哇!” 4 没了。所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中!我的学生以“哇!”来表示她的惊叹,我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。 5 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题,有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they're之间的不同,或区别complimentary 跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷,他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责,因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。 6 学生并不笨,他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说,杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary(静止处),虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery(文具用品)并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣称They've just ate。实际上,他们应该说They've just eaten。因此,批评学生不合乎情理。 7 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。可相反,学校只教零星的语法,高级词汇更是少之又少。还有就是,学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识,因为他们过去也没接触过。学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通,可他们并没把语言的基本框架——准确的语法和恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生。

新视野大学英语4 读写教程 4课后翻译答案

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is the world's center of cooperation in the nuclear field. It was set up as the world's "Atoms for Peace" organization in 1957 within the United Nations family. The Agency works with its member states and multiple partners worldwide to promote safe, secure and peaceful nuclear technologies. As an independent international organization related to the United Nations system, the IAEA's relation ship with the UN is regulated by special agreement. In terms of its Statute, the IAEA reports annually to the UN General Assembly and, when appropriate, to the Security Council regarding non-compliance by States with their safeguards obligations as well as on matters relating to international peace and security. The IAEA Secretariat is headquartered in Vienna, Austria. Operational liaison and regional offices are located in Geneva, Switzerland; New York, USA; Toronto, Canada; and Tokyo, Japan. The IAEA's mission is guided by the interests and needs of member states, strategic plans and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute. Three main pillars or areas of work underpin the IAEA's mission: Safety and Security; Science and Technology; Safeguards and Verification. 国际原子能机构是世界核领域的合作中心,它于1957年作为世界性的“原子能为和平服务”的组织而建立,成为联合国大家庭的一员。该机构与其成员国及世界各地的众多伙伴合作,共同促进安全、稳定、和平的核技术发展。作为一个与联合国体制相关的独立国际性组织,国际原子能机构与联合国的关系是由特别协议规定的。就其章程而言,国际原子能机构每年要向联合国大会作汇报,并适时就一些成员国不遵从其保障义务及涉及国际和平与安全的事宜向安理会作汇报。国际原子能机构秘书处总部设在奥地利的维也纳,行动联络组和区域办公室分设在瑞士日内瓦、美国纽约、加拿大多伦多和日本东京。国际原子能机构的使命以其成员国的利益和需要为指南,战略规划及前景则体现在其章程之中。三个主要支柱或工作领域为国际原子能机构的使命提供着支撑:安全与保障、科学与技术、保卫与核查。 城乡一体化是我国现代化和城市化发展的一个新阶段, 是要通过对城乡发展实行统筹规划,并通过体制改革和政策调整,破除城乡二元经济结构,实现城乡在政策上平等,在产业发展模式上互补,让农村居民享受到与城镇居民同样的文明和福利。城乡一体化是一项重大而深刻的社会变革。它使整个城乡经济能够全面、协调、可持续地发展。只有大力推进城乡一体化,妥善处理城乡关系,加强城乡合作,缩小城乡差距,才能确保到2020年我国实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。 Urban-rural integration is a new stage of China's modernization and urbanization process. It aims to break the urban and rural dual economic structure through making integrated plans for urban and rural development, and through system reform and policy adjustment, so that the urban and rural areas will finally achieve equal policies and realize complementary developing patterns, enabling the rural residents to enjoy the same level of civ ilization and equal benefits with the urban residents. Urban-rural integration is a significant and profound social reform which enables comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of the entire urban-rural economy. Only by enhancing urban-rural integration, and by properly managing urban-rural relationships, increasing urban-rural collaboration, and narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, can we

新视野大学英语4翻译

1. 这种植物只有在培养它的土壤中才能很好的生长。 The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. 研究结果表明,无论我们白天做了什么事情,晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3. 有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力,一次来为自己的失败辩护。 Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4. 我们终于我们的承诺:凡是答应做的,我们都会做的。 We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5. 连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此,他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。 Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. 当局控告他们威胁国家安全。 They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. 1. 要是这部喜剧中的人物更加幽默些的话,就会吸引更多的观众。 If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience. 2. 她从未对自己的能力失去信心,因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。 She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3.我从未受过正式培训,我只是边干边学。 I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along. 4. 随着产品进入国际市场,他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。 As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity. 5. 她可以编造一个故事,说自己被窃贼打昏,所有的钱都没了,但她怀疑自己是否能够让这个故事听起来可信。 She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable. 6.谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问,可是这引起了对他的更多的批评。 No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him. 1. 据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂,市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。 Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person. 2. 这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了。These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs. 3. 你只需填写一张表格就可取得会员资格,它可以使你在买东西的时候享受打折的优惠。You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods. 4. 不知道为什么他们的汽车在半路坏掉了,结果他们比原计划晚到了三个小时。

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