完整版写作教程一unit1答案

Unit 1

PART Ⅱ FOCUS

Denotation and Connotation

Suggested answer to the question

If it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance (e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotes protection but in a serious fashion.

wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.

2.a. In the West, every male person has the good qualities of males, such as bravery, spirit, and toughness.

b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty and delicacy. Attitude

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1.

2. a. unique b. pigheaded c. flattered d. fossil e. spinster

Collocation

Suggested answers to the exercise

1

a.do somebody a favor

b.do somebody good

c.make a gesture

d.do evil

e.do harm

f.make an effort

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1.1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) B

False Friends

Suggested answers to the question

The misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends—flour or

flower, ground (as the past participle of the verb grind) and ground (meaning the solid

surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one's body in a flat position, and lie meaning to say something dishonest.

2.a. Your fever rose yesterday.

b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella's eyebrows raised.

c. Jack has been lying around all day.

d. The soldiers laid aside their weapons.

e. A heavy fog lay over the land.

f. White stationery is always appropriate.

g. Is that table stationary, or can it be moved to another corner of the room?

h. It is easier to talk about a principle than to live by it.

i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the school

all-stars.

3. Some other false friends:

fair vs. fare

It's not fair to put all the blame on him.

Bus fares are going up again.

passed vs. past

I passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.

Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.

intense vs. intensive

She suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.

He took an intensive course on English.

farther vs. further

The fog's so thick; I can't see farther than about five meters.

Every day she thinks further and further into depression.

PART III GARMMAR

Subject-Verb Agreement

When the subject is compound

2

Reference for the Classroom Activities

Summary

it when most in cases, but with and takes a plural verb 1.A compound subject expresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects is considered individually, it takes a singular verb.

, the verb but…nor, not…2.After a compound subject with or, nor, either…or, neither agrees in number and person with the nearer part of the subject.

Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctions do not

3.affect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced by prepositions rather as, as much well such as as as, or prepositions or prepositional phrases

. includingthan, along with, in addition to, together with, with, plus, and

When the subject expresses quantity

Reference for the Classroom Activities

Summary

a take measurement normally time, money, weight and 1.Nominal phrases of singular verb.

, take a singular or all, most, half, the last, the rest Some words or phrases, such as 2.plural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.

take singular or plural verbs depending on Phrases like l ots of, heaps of, loads of3.

the form of the nouns that follow.

a modifying the subject noun, the ver

b or many4.In sentences with more than one should take a singular form though it is plural in meaning.

structure -clause, or in the there-be When the subject is a relative pronoun, a what Reference for the Classroom Activities

He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges. a. campaign carry out his the candidates who was able to He was the only one of pledges.

What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents. b.What one thinks and says are not always the same.

There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden. c.There are hundreds of applicants on the waiting list for the job.

Summary

and person the same that), the verb has a 1.After relative pronoun (who, which, the number as the antecedent. (In the second sentence in Pair a, the antecedent is .)

, not the candidatesonly one a in what-clause is But the verb is usually singular. if the a 2.After what-clause,

compound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.

Reference for the Classroom Activities

Nobody in town admits seeing him. a.Does anyone want to go with me?

b.Are any of you going to the exhibition?

c.None works/work so hard as he does.

d.

Books are her chief source of enjoyment.

e.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting.

f.

The jury is finally complete.

g. 3

h.The jury were divided in their opinions.

i.New York Times is his bible.

PART Ⅳ WRITING

Notes (I)

Sample 1

Suggested answers to the questions

1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and they are quick, easy and convenient.

2.A note has three essential components:

--the addressee—the person(s) to whom the note is written;

--the message;

--the sender.

3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication to a single topic.

Sample 2

Suggested answers to the questions

1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday, you may, at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.

2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee's name and a complimentary close.

3.A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show.

PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES

1.

a. The little boy was chicken-hearted.

b. The statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.

c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.

d. We need to drink the milk before it sours.

e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.

f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.

g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.

h. Our university can accommodate 4000 students.

i. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.

2. The writer's attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.

4

3. (1) experienced (2) elapsed (3) attempting (4) with

(5) take up (6) made (7) endeavor (8) true

4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.

b. We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.

c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.

d. We must pursue this matter further.

e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding

success.

f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.

g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.

h. The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.

i. (correct)

j. He was awaked to the risk.

5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very

well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach

her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a

great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was

uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between

the

two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland.

Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude

towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and

became a person with an alternative cultural identity.

6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.

b. The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.

c. Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.

d. Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.

e. Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.

f. The instructor as well as the students was at fault.

g. He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.

h. The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.

i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.

j. The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.

k. He believes that athletics improves school morale.

l. Up goes the starter's gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.

m. Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.

n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.

o. She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.

5

邹申版英语写作教程1课后答案-UNIT 2-keys

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中国新闻采访写作教程笔记

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科技英语写作高级教程参考答案完整

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新闻写作结尾20种形式 下笔千言，终要收尾。稿子写到结尾，也就到了作者与读者握手言别的最后时间了。人们告别的方式有多少种，结尾的方式就有多少种。一些新闻作品，之因此让人读后掩卷长思、唏嘘别已，不少得益于作品有一具好的结尾。作为作者，要尽可能经过结尾的“神来之笔”，给读者留下一具深刻的印象和美好的回顾。结尾并非可有可无普通来说，从事新闻写作的人大多比较重视导语写作，对结尾的作用则没有引起脚够的重视，总认为结尾可有可无，弄不行还有画蛇添脚之嫌。这种看法是片面的。在有些新闻、尤其是在一些简讯中，常常惟独百十来字，离首即尾，离尾即首，真的无所谓结尾；但在大多数新闻作品中，结尾对主题思想和新闻事实的表达依然发挥了较好的作用。古今中外许多名人大伙儿，特别重视结尾在写作中的特殊地位和作用。白居易曾在《新乐府序》中称“首句标其目，卒章显其志，诗三百之义也”，意思是说《诗经》各篇的开头、结尾各有特色；明朝谢榛在《四溟诗话》中说：“凡起句当如爆竹，骤响易彻；结句当如撞钟，清音有余。”提出开头要使人为之一震，结尾要令人余音萦耳；明末清初的李渔在《闲情偶寄》中论述说：“开卷之初，当以奇句夺目，使之一见而惊……终篇之际，当以媚语摄魂，使之执卷流连，若难遽别。”结尾在文章中的的特殊地位和作用，由此可见一斑。至于是否画蛇添脚，别在于要别要结尾，彻底在于它的作用是否得到有效发挥。一些结尾之因此显得多余，正说明没有发挥好结尾的作用。 新闻结尾虽然处于文章的最后位置，但它关于受众同意心理的妨碍却别容低估。据心理学的有关研究材料显示，处于系列首尾位置的经历材料，比处于系列中间位置的材料更容易被记住，其几率几乎相当于中间位置的三倍。英国新闻学者安德鲁?博伊德认为：“任何一具节目或新闻给人的长期印象通常基本上最开始或最后几个词留下的。”因而他认为：“像有力的开头一样，结尾应该加强语气，幸免虎头蛇尾。新闻报道宁用砰然响声做结尾而别用低声呜咽。有力、确定、语气强烈的结尾胜过软弱无力的结尾。”（《广播电视新闻教程》） ①卒章见义，点化主题。写稿子，别仅仅是说故事，重要的是要经过叙述给读者一具交待，以便把作者的创作意图告诉读者，让读者知道你想要说什么，也算是我们常说的“主题思想”。主题思想的体现方式多种多样，有的夹叙夹议，边说故事边出思想；有的先捅主题，尔后用事实补证；还有的是把主题思想巧妙地躲藏在新闻事实的叙述中，使读者在阅读过程中对主题思想有初步感悟，最后再经过结尾将其鲜亮地告诉读者。比如，1990年11月12日《解放军报》一版有一篇消息，题目是《“硬六连”的硬根子》。在这篇稿件中，作者先用4个骨干例子作了充分的铺垫，假如读者认真研读，是可以看出其主题思想的；但新闻怎么说别全是经典著作，读者普通也别可能像读经典著作那样，去精研细读一篇新闻作品，很可能是“一扫而过”，扫上了就扫上了，扫别上就过去了，作品的表达效果就会大打折扣。于是，作者在稿子的最后又加了如此一具结尾：“六连的士兵过硬，是军官带出来的；六连的军官过硬，是党小组、支部管出来的。党支部那个战斗堡垒过硬，是硬六连的硬根子。”如此一来，稿子的主题思想就知道无误了。 ②登高望远，阐明意义。对记者、通讯员来说，写稿子别仅仅是报道新闻事实、点明新闻主题，还应充分阐述其意义，使读者更深刻地认清新闻事实的新闻价值。但在写作过程中，为便于新闻事实的叙述、主题思想的集中表达，作者有时很难把新闻事实的意义穿插于新闻主体中，于是常常在报道结束时特意拿出一段文字解决这一咨询题。从另一方面说，新闻记者的职业特点，决定了他们对新闻事实的认识往往比普通读者要深一些、远一些，可以从更高的层次、更广的范围去认识。在实际工作中，他们有更多的机会接触当事人，对新闻事实的了解，也必定比普通读者多，对新闻事实的认识应该更准确、更全面。从那个意义上说，阐明新闻意义也是记者应尽的义务。看一下《解放军报》这篇人物新闻的结尾，也许能够加深我们对这一咨询题的认识。战喜武是平庸的。这个地方的每一具人，海防前哨的

邹申版英语写作教程1课后答案-unit6-keys

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