天津市2018年中考英语试题(含答案及详细答案解析)

天津市2018年中考英语试题(含答案及详细答案解析) 本试卷分为第1卷（选择题）、第I卷（非选择题）两部分。第1卷为第1页至第8页，第I卷为第9页至第12页。试卷满分120分。考试时间100分钟。

答卷前，请你务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考点校、考场号、座位号填写在“答题卡”上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答题时，务必将答案涂写在“答题卡”上，答案答在试卷上无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和“答题卡”，并交回。

祝你考试顺利！

第Ⅰ卷

注意事项：

1．每题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把“答题卡”上对应题目的答案标号的信息点涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干浄后，再选涂其他答案标号的信息点。

2．本卷共五大题，共80分。

一、听力理解（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）

A）在下列每小题内，你将听到一个或两个句子并看到供选择的A、B、C三幅图画。找出与你所听句子内容相匹配的图画。

1.

2.

3.

4.

B）下面你将听到十组対话，每组对话都有一个问题。根据对话内容，从每组所给的A、

B、C三个选项中找出能回答所提问题的最佳选项

5. What sport does Lingling like best

A. Swimming

B. Skating

C. Playing table tennis

6. Where are they going?

A. To a library

B. To a zoo

C. To a supermarket

7. Whose pens are these?

A. Daming’s

B. Betty’s

C. Tony’s

8. Who is that man?

A. Betty s brother

B. Belly s dad

C. Betty s uncle

9. Where is the woman s hometown?

A. In the north of China

B. In the south of China

C. In the cast of China

10. How often does Li lei's grandpa go to see the Beijing Opera?

A. Once a month

B. Twice a month

C. Three times a month

11. What’s wrong with Jack?

A. He’s got a cold

B. He’s got a toothache

C. He’s got a stomach ache

12. What club docs Mary want to join?

A. The Music Club

B. The Dance Club.

C. The Chess Club

13. What is Daming going to do this Saturday afternoon?

A. Have a picnic

B. Do his homework

C. Watch a football match

14. How much are the two T-shirts?

A. 100 yuan

B. 180 yuan

C. 280 yuan

C）听下面长对话或独白。每段长对话或独白后都有几个问题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听下面一段材料，回答第15至第17题

15. When is Damings birthday party?

A. This Friday

B. This Saturday

C. This Sunday

16. Who makes a birthday cake for Daming?

A. His dad

B. His mum

C. His grandma

17. What Present does Betty want to give Daming?

A. British coins

B. Tov cars

C. American stamps

听下面一段材料，回答第18至第20题。

18. How long docs Zhang Hua read English new spapers cvery day?

A. Fifteen minutes

B. Half an hour

C. An hour

19. What does Zhang Hua talk about in English with friends?

A. Great books

B. Sports news

C. Computer games

20. How does Zhang Hua practise listening

A. By watching English films

B. By talking with foreigners

C. By listening to English songs

二、单项填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）

从下列每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

21. There Is ____old piano in ______corner of the living room.

A. an; the

B. an; 不填

C. a; the

D. a; a

22. ---She is too busy to help us finish the work

---Let’s do it______

A. herself

B. myself

C. itself

D. ourselves

23. I am afraid we can not ______to take a taxi. Let s go by underground instead

A. refuse

B. afford

C. forget

D. fall

24. Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden_______.

A. competition

B. interview

C. treasure

D. tradition

25. Tianjin is one of _______cities in China.

A. big

B. bigger

C. the biggest

D. the bigger

26. Mum asked me to ______for dinner.

A. lay the table

B. go to sleep

C. keep a diary

D. lake a vacation

27. In the picture, he sits ______me, looking very happy.

A. beside

B. among

C. up

D. through

28. ---Can you open a gift______ after you receive it In England?

---Yes. We don’t have to wait.

A. main

B. immediately

C. nearly

D. loudly

29. ---Must I come before 6: 30 tomorrow?

---No. You______ There will be plenty of time.

A. mustn’t

B. can’t

C. couldn’t

D. needn’t

30. Tony was drawing a picture_______ I was doing my homework.

A. if

B. because

C. while

D. until

31. ---Jerry, have you ever been to the Great Wall?

---Yes. I______ there with my parents last year

A. go

B. went

C. will go

D. have gone

32. Harry invited me_______ with him when his parents were out of town.

A. stay

B. staved

C. staying

D. to stay

33. Dr Bethune ________ still________ in both China and Canada today

A. is; remembered

B. is; remembering

C. will; remember

D. has; remembered

34. ---Please tell me______.

---At ten o’clock

A. where you have your English lesson

B. where do you have your English lesson

C. what time you have your English lesson

D. what time do you have your English lesson

35. ---Tom fell of his bike and hurt his knee.

---________.

A. Pretty good

B. That s too bad

C. That s funny

D. That s a good idea

三、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。My name is Damian Costa. I was born in a small village in Italy in 1952. I spent the first few Years of my life there before my family 36 to Perth Australia We arrived in Australia in the summer of 1957. I went to 37and I had to attend special classes to learn English as all the lessons were taught in English.

We did not have much 38. so we lived very simply. My parents worked as cleaners. They earned（挣钱）just enough for us to survive（维持生活）and＿39 a little money. My father had always wanted to 40 a small restaurant. Finally. 41 ten years of hard work, in June1967, he managed to save enough and opened our first pizzeria（比萨饼店）.

42 business was slow at first, it soon got better. I helped out at the pizzeria after school and at weekends. Just two years after we 43 my father decided that we needed a full-time waiter. Then he decided to 44 me the art of making wood-fired pizzas.

Today we have three branches(分店), in Perth. Sydney and Adelaide. My children have 45 learned how to make pizzas and they quite enjoy it. I hope to pass on the business to them.

36. A . returned B. moved C. pointed D. connected

37. A. school B. hospital C. church D. business

38. A. paper B. illness C. health D. money

39. A. save B. borrow C. share D. choose

40. A. sell B. see C. open D. leave

41. A. before B. after C. during D.

between

42. A. Because B. If C. Although D. Whether

43. A. played B. relaxed C. started D. stopped

44. A. like B. teach C. believe D. lend

45. A. perhaps B. never C. hardly D. also

四、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下面面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Dear Susan,

How are you? I’m going to visit Hong Kong with Mum and Dad next month. We’ll arrive on the second of August. it's so exciting! We can meet each other soon!

I will spend a day in Ocean Park on the third of August. I know that you’ve visited Ocean Park many times before. Can you give me some advice on what to see in Ocean Park?

I would also like to visit you at your home on the fourth of August. Are you free on that day? I’ve bought a present for you. I think you’l l love it.

By the way. would you like to go to Disney land with me? I really want to take some photos with you in Disneyland You know I love the famous cartoon characters of Disney such as Snow White and Mickey Mouse very much. I know you love them too. When can you go to Disneyland with me? Please let me know. I'll stay until the ninth of August and go back to England on that day

See you soon

Love

Lily

46. When will Lily arrive in Hong Kong?

A. On the second of August

B. On the third of August

C. On the fourth of August

D. On the ninth of August

47. How long will Lily spend in Ocean Park?

A. Half a day

B. One day

C. One and a half days

D. Two days

48. What will Lily do on the fourth of August?

A. Buy a present

B. Visit Ocean Park

C. Go back to England

D. Visit Susan at her home

49. What will Lily do in Disney land?

A. Take photos

B. Watch a cartoon

C. See a film of Mickey Mouse

D. Read the story of Snow White

50. Lily wants to know_______

A. if Susan has received her present

B. when she will go back to England

C. if Susan can meet her at the airport

D. when Susan can go to Disney land with her

B

I did something wrong today.

While at the beach this afternoon. I met a boy called Bob We talked a lot. He said that it was fun playing on the cliffs (悬崖). I told him that I was not allowed to go near that place( Mum and Dad had always told me it was dangerous to play there). He called me a coward. I wanted to prove to him that I was just as brave, so I agreed to go with him

We wanted to make our way down to explore (探索)the area. so Bob started to climb down and I followed him. Unluckily. some rocks came down after us. One of them nearly hit my head. We could not get back up. We shouted and shouted for help. but for a long time no help came. I was really scared. I wanted to cry. Then, we heard some sounds. Someone had heard us. A woman tied (系 )a rope around herself while a man at the cliff top held the rope. She made her way down to save us.

My parents were relieved (宽慰的)that I was unhurt, but they were angry that I had done such a risky thing. I apologized and promised that I would not do anything like that again

51. Where did the writer meet Bob?

A. At school

B. In the park

C. At the beach

D. On the cliffs

52. In Paragraph 2. “a coward” m eans______

A. a person who is not brave

B. a person who is not clever

C. a person who is not strong

D. a person who is not polite

53. What had the writer s parents always warned him about?

A. The wind was very strong

B. The beach was too far away

C. The cliffs were not a safe place

D. Bob was difficult to get on with

54. Put the sentences in the right order according to the passage

a. Some rocks came down

b. The writer followed Bob

c. The writer wanted to cry

d. A man and a woman saved them

e. The writer and Bob heard some sounds

A. a-b-c-d-c

B. b-a-c-c-d

C. a-c-b-c-d

D. b-c-a-c-d

55. How did the writer feel about what he had done?

A. Surprised

B. Excited

C. Glad

D. Sorry

C

In the 13th century. Marco Polo the world known Italian travelled saw many wonderful things in China. One of the things he discovered was money made of paper. People in the West did not have such kind of money until the I5th century. However the Chinese began to use it in the 7t century

Paper was invented by a Chinese man called Cai Lun almost 2,000 years ago. But it was not made in Europe until the year I 100. Four hundred years later, a German discovered that he could make the best paper from trees. After that countries rich in forests, such as Canada Sweden. America. Finland became the most important ones in paper making

Paper can be used in many ways. The common uses include newspapers magazines and books. But do you know that paper can be used for keeping warm? In Finland. the farmers wear paper boots to keep their feet warm in the snow. And even houses can be

insulated(使绝缘)from heat or cold with paper.

However. we have to understand that paper still comes from trees now. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth some day in the near future. Every day people throw away about 2, 800 tons of paper in our city. It takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper. This means that we are cutting down nearly 48.000 trees every day. The fact is that it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow.

So we must start saving paper right now. We can use both sides of every piece of paper. We can make useful things out of used paper. We can use china cups instead of paper ones. When shopping, we can use fewer paper bags and reuse them if we have some

In short, we should keep a balance (平衡)between using paper and protecting trees, and do it now before it is too late.

56. When did the Chinese begin to use paper money?

A. In the 5th centum

B. In the 6th century

C. In the 7ih centum

D. In the 15th century

57. Why did Canada become an important country in paper making?

A. Because it was a large country

B. Because it had lots of forests

C. Because it was a very rich country

D. Because the inventor was from Canada

58. In Finland. paper is used for______.

A. making beds

B. reducing waste

C. making umbrellas

D. keeping warm

59. According to the passage. how many trees are needed to make one ton of paper?

A.10

B.17.

C.2,800

D.48,000

60. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about______

A. how paper boots are made

B. how paper was invented

C. how we can save paper

D. how we can make useful things

五、补全对话（本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）

根据对话内容，从方框内选择恰当的句子将对话补充完整。（选项中有两项是多余的）

A: Lingling, you look unhappy. What's up?

B: Dad. I have a problem with my best friend

A: 61

B: We’ve b een friends for five years. We went to different schools last term. And she came to study at my school this tern. I was very happy al first 62

A: Can you tell me how she’s different?

B: She doesn’t like me to s ee my other friends

A: 63

B: Yes. I have. But she refused to listen.

A: 64

B: No. I don t know.

A: Maybe she doesn’t f eel sure of herself 65

B: Maybe. What shall I do then?

A: You can introduce her to your other friends and encourage her to join in more. B: I see. Thanks, Dad.

机密★启用前

2018年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷

英语

第Ⅱ卷

注意事项：

1．用黑色字迹的签字笔将答案写在“答题卡”上。

2．本卷共四大题，共40分。

六、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）

根据所给中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词。

66.下一站我得下车了。

I have to____ _____the bus at the next stop.

67.给他盖件外套，确保他身上暖和。

Cover him with a coat and _____ ______he is warn

68.我们这次旅行在倒计时，快要结束了。

We are _____ ______the days to the end of this tour

69.最后他成功地解決了这个问题。

He successfully solved the problem_______ _______

70.在那个年代，书籍是靠手工制作的。

In those days, books were produced______ ______.

七、任务型阅读（本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。

Albert Einstein(1879-1955)

Early Life

Albert Einstein was born on I4th March,1879 in Germany. He was an extraordinary (非凡的)person since he was born. Einstein wasn’t able to speak a word until three. He was curious(好奇的)and imaginative. He loved watching things carefully and asked a lot of questions about them

His questions were often hard to answer for teachers.

Schooling

Einstein started school in 1885. Though he did well in maths and science, he failed in many subjects like history geography and languages. He was not the teachers favourite. He didn’t enjoy going to school. Einstein finished high school in Switzerland and entered a university in Zurich. He graduated（大学毕业）as a teacher of maths and physics in1900.

Scientific Work

After graduation. Einstein worked at the Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became

successful in the field of science, he still put great effort in scientific research. Finally, he won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921.

Later life

Einstein kept at his research until he died in 1955. Scientists studied his brain(脑)after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However there was no conclusion(结论).

Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world.

71. Einstein loved watching things carefully and ______about them

72. Though Einstein_______ he failed in many subjects.

73. Finally. Einstein won the Nobel Prize _______in1921

74. Scientists studied Einstein s brain after he died so that_______.

75. Many famous scientists still think Einstein is_______.

八、综合填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。

How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different w 76 of telling the time.

About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians i 77 the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow (影子)showed the movement of the s 78 they were able to determine（测定）midday.

About 3,500 years ago,the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure (测量)the time for half a day. On c 79 days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.

Water clocks were the f 80 clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows（流动） from one container（容器）to another. When the water reaches a certain l 81＿ it moves a lever (控制杆)and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f 82

o keep accurate（精确的）time.

In the 13th century. the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b 83 was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs(发条)were added around 1500. This i 84 accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller.

In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on.

More recently, in1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites（人造卫星）send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c 85 . Man of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments.

九、书面表达（本大题共15分）

86.请你根据以下内容提示，以“The Story of Li Hua”为题，为学校广播站英语专栏写一篇短文，介绍发生在你班同学李华身上的一件事。

（1）上周五放学后李华乘公交车回家，看到有人在吃橘子，并把橘皮扔在车上。

（2）李华把橘皮捡起，放进垃圾桶。

（3）乘客用手机拍了照片，发布到网上。

（4）老师知道后表扬了李华，李华说这是他应该做的。

（5）你觉得

参考词汇：果皮peel 垃圾桶dustbin 发布post 表扬praise

要求：

（1）词数：80-100个。

（2）短文的题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。

（3）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。

The Story of Li Hua

Last Friday, when my classmate Li Hua took a bus back home from school. ______________

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

机密★启用前

天津市2018年中考英语试题

参考答案

一、听力理解（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）

1.B

2.A

3.C

4.B

5.A

6. C

7. A

8. C

9.A 10.B

11. A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.C 16. A 17.C 18. B 19.B 20. A

二、单词填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）

21.A 22. D 23. B 24.C 25. C 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. D 30.C

31.B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35.B

三、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

36.B 37.A 38.D 39. A 40. C 41.B 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. D

四、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）

46.A 47.B 48. D 49.A 50.D 51. C 52. A 53. C 54. B 55.D

56. C 57.B 58. D 59. B 60.C

五、补全对话（本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）

61.D 62. G 63.C 64. A 65.F

六、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）

66. get off 67. make sure 68. counting down 69. at last 70. by hand

七、任务型阅读（本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）

71. asked a lot of questions

72.did well in maths and science

73.for physics

74.they could see if there was anything special about it

75.the smartest man in the world

八、综合填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

76.wyas 77.invented 78.sun 79.cloudy 80.first

81.level 82.failed 83.but 84.improved 85.change

九、书面表达（本大题共15分）

86.（略）

2018年天津市中考英语试卷 - A4打印版

2018年天津市中考英语试卷一、听力题 1．（1分） 2．（1分） 3．（1分） 4．（1分） 5．（1分）What sport does Lingling like best？ A． Swimming. B． Skating. C． Playing table tennis. 6．（1分）Where are they going？ A． To a library. B． To a zoo. C． To a supermarket. 7．（1分）Whose pens are these？ A． Daming's. B． Betty's. C． Tony's. 8．（1分）Who is that man？ A． Betty 's brother. B． Belly 's dad. C． Betty 's uncle. 9．（1分）Where is the woman s hometown？ A． In the north of China. B． In the south of China. C． In the east of China.

10．（1分）How often does Li lei's grandpa go to see the Beijing Opera？ A． Once a month. B． Twice a month. C． Three times a month. 11．（1分）What's wrong with Jack？ A． He's got a cold. B． He's got a toothache. C． He's got a stomach ache. 12．（1分）What club does Mary want to join？ A． The Music Club. B． The Dance Club. C． The Chess Club. 13．（1分）What is Daming going to do this Saturday afternoon？ A． Have a picnic. B． Do his homework. C． Watch a football match. 14．（1分）How much are the two T-shirts？ A． 100 yuan. B． 180 yuan. C． 280 yuan. 15．（3分）（1）When is Daming's birthday party？ A． This Friday. B． This Saturday. C． This Sunday. （2）Who makes a birthday cake for Daming？ A． His dad. B． His mum. C． His grandma. （3）What Present does Betty want to give Daming？ A． British coins. B． Toy cars. C． American stamps. 16．（3分）（1）How long does Zhang Hua read English newspapers every day？ A． Fifteen minutes. B． Half an hour. C． An hour. （2）What does Zhang Hua talk about in English with friends？ A． Great books. B． Sports news. C． Computer games. （3）How does Zhang Hua practise listening A． By watching English films. B． By talking with foreigners. C． By listening to English songs. 二、选择题

2018年天津市中考语文试卷及答案(word版)

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6. Where are they going? A. To a library. B. To a zoo. C. To a supermarket. 7. Whose pens are these? A. Daming’s. B. Betty’s. C. Tony’s. 8. Who is that man? A. Betty’s brother. B. Betty’s dad. C. Betty’s uncle. 9. Where is the woman’s hometown? A. In the north of China. B. In the south of China. C. In the east of China. 10. How often does Li Lei’s grandpa go to see the Beijing Opera? A. Once a month. B. Twice a month. C. Three times a month. 11. What’s wrong with Jack? A. He’s got a cold. B. He’s got a toothache. C. He’s got a stomach ache. 12. What club does Mary want to join? A. The Music Club. B. The Dance Club. C. The Chess Club. 13. What is Daming going to do this Saturday afternoon? A. Have a picnic. B. Do his homework. C. Watch a football match. 14. How much are the two T-shirts? A. 100 yuan. B. 180 yuan. C. 280 yuan. C) (2018·天津)听下面长对话或独白。每段长对话或独白后都有几个问题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听下面一段材料，回答第15至第17题。 15. When is Daming’s birthday party? A. This Friday. B. This Saturday. C. This Sunday. 16. Who makes a birthday cake for Daming? A. His dad. B. His mum. C. His grandma. 17. What present does Betty want to give Daming? A. British coins. B. Toy cars. C. American stamps. 听下面一段材料，回答第18至第20题。 18. How long does Zhang Hua read English newspapers every day? A. Fifteen minutes. B. Half an hour. C. An hour. 19. What does Zhang Hua talk about in English with friends? A. Great books. B. Sports news. C. Computer games. 20. How does Zhang Hua practice listening? A. By watching English films. B. By talking with foreigners. C. By listening to English songs. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6. C 7. A 8. C 9.A 10.B 11. A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.C 16. A 17.C 18. B 19.B 20. A 二、单项填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 从下列每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2018·天津)21. There is________ an old piano in__________ corner of the living room.

英语_2018年天津市中考英语试卷(含答案)

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主语。去掉“随着”或“使”。 点睛：病句有不同的类型，常见的有词语选用不当、语义失当、句法错误这几大类。词语选用不当造成的病句比较单一；语义问题包括语义不精练、歧义问题、语义颠倒、语义不周密、语义前后照应不周；句法问题包括搭配不当、语序不当、句式杂糅、残缺和多余。做题时要仔细分辨类型，有助于找到错误的地方。 4. 下面句子中的标点符号，使用不正确的一项是 A. 金钱能买到书籍，却买不到知识；能买到钟表，却买不到时间。 B. 朱自清曾这样赞美春天：“春天像小姑娘，花枝招展的，笑着，走着。” C. 把报刊亭改造成志愿者服务站？还是生活服务便民亭？人们对此意见不一。 D. 尊老爱幼、勤俭持家、知书达礼……这些都是中华民族传承千年的美德。 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：C项中的第一个问号改为逗号。选择问中间不能加问号，因为一句话还没有说完。 5. 下面对《归园田居（其三）》一诗的赏析，不恰当的一项是 归园田居（其三） 陶渊明 种豆南山下，草盛豆苗稀。晨兴理荒秽，带月荷锄归。 道狭草木长，夕露沾我衣。衣沾不足惜，但使愿无违。 A. 一、二句通过“盛”与“稀”的对比，写出诗人虽心归田园，却不善农事的情形。 B. 三、四句对早出晚归辛勤劳作的描写，流露出诗人对田间劳动的厌倦之情。 C. 末尾句中“愿”的内涵是，诗人要按照自己的意愿生活，不想与世俗同流合污。 D. 全诗语言朴素而诗意醇美，体现了陶诗“质而实绮，癯而实腴”的艺术特点。 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：B项“流露出诗人对田间劳动的厌倦之情”欣赏不正确。“晨兴理荒秽，带月荷锄归”：早晨起来到田里清除野草，星月下我扛着锄头回家歇息。作者经常参加一些农业劳动，并在诗歌中歌颂这种劳动的愉悦和美感。 阅读《气候可能影响语言的形成和演化》一文，回答小题。 气候可能影响语言的形成和演化 严毅梅 ①人类一直好奇：为何唯独我们这个物种才有语言？语言是如何变成现在这个样子的？为此，从事现代生物学、当代语言学、考古学和古人类学等相关学科研究的科学家，研究了人类语言的起源和演化。最新的研究表明，气候可能影响了语言的形成和演化。 ②美国迈阿密大学的迦勒·埃弗雷特博士和他的研究团队发现，某一地区的湿度可能对当地的话言造成影响。他们研究了3700多种语言，发现629种声调多变的语种，大多出现在非洲和南亚的湿热地区，北美、亚马逊和新几内亚的潮湿地带以及中国以南的地区，比如越南语、缅甸语等：而声调平和的语言如蒙古语、埃及语等，大都出现在干燥或干旱的地区。 ③我们知道，声带是负责人类发声的器官。发声时，先吸入空气，然后将声带内收和拉紧，并控制呼吸，呼出的气流冲击声带引起振动而发出声音：而声调是由声带振动时的长度、张力、质量和位置决定的。

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