《新视野大学英语》第二版读写教程Unit1,3,4,5 SectionA课文翻译

Unit 1

注重时间的美国人

美国人认为没有人能停止不前。如果你不求进取，你就会落伍。这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一要素是劳力。

人们一直说：“只有时间才能支配我们。”人们似乎把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待。我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。时间是一种宝贵的资源，许多人都深感人生的短暂。时光一去不复返。我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。

外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙——常常处于压力之下。城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。人们认为工作时间是宝贵的。在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人尽快吃完，以便他们也能及时用餐，你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。不要觉得这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们都非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。

许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜访等场合开始时的寒暄。他们也会怀念那种一边喝茶或喝咖啡一边进行的礼节性交流，这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。他们也许还会怀念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。因此，时间老是在我们心中滴滴答答地响着。

因此，我们千方百计地节约时间。我们发明了一系列节省劳力的装置；我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多时间，尤其是在马路上交通拥挤的时候。因此，我们把多数个人拜访安排在下班以后的时间里或周末的社交聚会上。就我们而言，电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头上事情的重要性之间很少有或完全没有关系。在有些国家，如果没有目光接触，就做不成大生意，这需要面对面的交谈。在美国，最后协议通常也需要本人签字。然而人们越来越多地在电视屏幕上见面，开远程会议不仅能解决本国的问题，而且还能通过卫星解决国际问题。

美国无疑是一个电话王国。几乎每个人都在用电话做生意、与朋友聊天、安排或取消社交约会、表达谢意、购物和获得各种信息。电话不但能免去走路之劳，而且还能节约大量时间。其部分原因在于这样一个事实：美国的电话服务是一流的，而邮政服务的效率则差一些。

有些初来美国的人来自文化背景不同的其他国家，人们认为工作太快是一种失礼。在他们看来，如果不花一定时间来处理某件事的话，那么这件事就好像是无足轻重的，不值得给予适当的重视。因此，人们觉得用的时间长会增加所做事情的重要性。但在美国，能迅速而又成功地解决问题或完成工作则被视为是有水平、有能力的标志。通常情况下，工作越重要，投入的资金、精力和注意力就越多，其目的是“使工作开展起来”。

Unit 3

跨国婚姻

我和盖尔计划举行一个不事张扬的婚礼。在两年的相处中，我们的关系经历了起伏，这是一对情侣在学着相互了解、理解和尊重时常常出现的。但在这整整两年间，我们坦诚地面对彼此性格中的弱点和优点。我们之间的种族及文化差异不但增强了我们的关系，还教会了我们要彼此宽容、谅解和开诚布公。盖尔有时不明白为何我和其他黑人如此关注种族问题，而我感到吃惊的是，她好像忘记了美国社会中种族仇恨种种微妙的表现形式。

对于成为居住在美国、异族通婚的夫妻，我和盖尔对未来没有不切实际的幻想。相互信任和尊重才是我

们俩永不枯竭的力量源泉。

许多夫妻因为错误的理由结了婚，结果在10年、20年或30年后才发觉他们原来是合不来的。他们在婚前几乎没有花时间去互相了解，他们忽视了严重的性格差异，指望婚姻会自然而然地解决各种问题。我们希望避免重蹈覆辙。事实更说明了这一点：已经结婚35年的盖尔的父母正经历着一场充满怨恨、令人痛苦的婚变，这件事给盖尔带来了很大打击，并一度给我们正处于萌芽状态的关系造成了负面影响。

当盖尔把我们计划举办婚礼的消息告诉家人时，她遇到了一些阻力。她的母亲德博拉过去一直赞成我们的关系，甚至还开过玩笑，问我们打算何时结婚，这样她就可以抱孙子了。但这次听到我们要结婚的消息时，她没有向我们表示祝贺，反而劝盖尔想清楚自己的决定是否正确。

“|这么说我跟他约会没错，但是如果我跟他结婚，就错了。妈妈，是不是因为他的肤色？”盖尔后来告诉我她曾这样问她母亲。

“首先我必须承认，刚开始时我对异族通婚是有保留意见的，也许你甚至可以把这称为偏见。但是当我见到马克时，我发现他是一个既讨人喜欢又聪明的年轻人。任何一个母亲都会因为有这样一个女婿而感到脸上有光的。所以，这事跟肤色没有关系。是的，我的朋友们会说闲话。有些朋友甚至对你所做的事表示震惊。但他们的生活与我们不同。因此你要明白，马克的肤色不是问题。我最大的担心是你也许跟我当初嫁给你爸爸一样，为了错误的原因而嫁给马克。当年我和你爸爸相遇时，在我眼中，他可爱、聪明、富有魅力又善解人意。一切都是那么新鲜、那么令人兴奋。而且我们两人都认为，我们的婚姻是理想婚姻，至少表面上看是如此，而且一切迹象都表明我们的婚姻会天长地久。直到后来我才明白，在我们结婚时，我并不十分理解我所爱的人——你的爸爸。”

“但是我和马克呆在一起已有两年多了，”盖尔抱怨道。“我们俩已经经历了许许多多的事情。我们彼此多次看到对方最糟糕的一面。我可以肯定时间只能证明我们是彼此深情相爱的。”

“你也许是对的。但我还是认为再等一等没坏处。你才25岁。”

盖尔的父亲戴维——我还没见过他的面——以知事莫若父对待我们的决定。他问的问题基本上和盖尔母亲的问题相同：“干吗这么匆忙？这个马克是什么人？他是什么公民身份？”当他得知我办公民身份遇到了问题时，就怀疑我是因为想留在美国而娶她女儿的。

“不过爸爸，你这话讲得太难听了，”盖尔说。

“那么干吗要这么着急？”他重复地问。

“马克是有公民身份方面的问题，但他总是在自己处理这些问题，”盖尔辩解道。“事实上，当我们在讨论结婚的时候，他清楚地表明了一点：如果我对任何事情有怀疑，我完全可以取消我们的计划。”

她父亲开始引用统计数据说明异族通婚的离婚率比同族结婚的要高，而且还列举了接受过他咨询的、在婚姻上有麻烦的异族通婚夫妇的例子。

他问道：“你考虑过你将来的孩子可能会遭受的苦难吗？”

“爸爸，你是种族主义者吗？”

“不，当然不是。但你必须得现实一点。”

“也许我们的孩子会遇到一些问题。但谁的孩子不会呢？可是有一样东西他们将会永远拥有，那就是我们的爱。”

“那是理想主义的想法。人们对异族通婚生下的孩子是会很残酷的。”

“爸爸，到时候我们自己会操心的。但是假如我们在做什么事之前，就必须把所有的疑难问题全部解决的话，那么我们几乎什么都干不成了。”

“记住，你什么时候改变主意都不晚。”

Unit 4

真爱的考验

大中央车站问询问处桌子上方的数字钟显示：差六分六点。约翰·布兰福德，一个年轻的高个子军官，眼睛盯着大钟，看确切的时间。六分钟后，他将见到一位在过去13个月里在他生命中占有特殊位置的女人，

一位他素未谋面、却通过书信始终给予他力量的女人。

在他自愿参军后不久，他收到了一本这位女子寄来的书。随书而来的还有一封信，祝他勇敢和平安。他发现自己很多参军的朋友也收到了这位名叫霍利斯·梅内尔的女子寄来的同样的书。他们所有的人都从中获得了勇气，也感激她对他们为之战斗的事业的支持，但只有他给梅内尔女士回了信。在他启程前往海外战场战斗的那天，他收到了她的回信。站在即将带他进入敌人领地的货船甲板上，他一遍又一遍地读着她的来信。

13个月来，她忠实地给他写信。即使没有他的回信，她仍然一如既往地写信给他，从未减少过。在那段艰苦战斗的日子里，她的信鼓励着他，给予他力量。收到她的信，他就仿佛感到自己能存活下去。一段时间后，他相信他们彼此相爱，就像是命运让他们走到了一起。

但当他向她索要照片时，她却婉然拒绝。她解释道：“如果你对我的感情是真实和真诚的，那么我长什么样又有什么关系呢。假如我很漂亮，我会因为觉得你爱的只是我的美貌而时时困扰，那样的爱会让我厌恶。假如我相貌平平，那我又会常常害怕你只是出于寂寞和别无他选才给我写信的。不管是哪种情况，我都会阻止自己去爱你。当你来纽约见我时，你可以作出自己的决定。记住，那时候我们两个人都可以自由选择停止或继续下去——如果那是我们的选择……”

差一分六点……布兰福德的心怦怦乱跳。

一名年轻女子向他走来，他立即感到自己与她之间存在着一种联系。她身材修长而苗条，漂亮的金色长发卷曲在小巧的耳后。她的眼睛如蓝色的花朵，双唇间有着一种温柔的坚毅。她身穿别致的绿色套装，犹如春天般生气盎然。

他向她迎去，完全忘记了她并没有佩戴玫瑰。看他走来，她的嘴角露出一丝热情的微笑。

“当兵的，跟我同路？”她问道。

他不由自主地向她靠近了一步。然后，他看见了霍利斯·梅内尔。

她就站在那少女的身后，以为四十好几的女人，头发斑斑灰白。在年轻的他的眼里，梅内尔简直就是一块活脱脱的化石。她不是一般的胖，粗笨的双腿移动时摇摇晃晃。但她棕色的外衣上戴着一朵红色的玫瑰。绿衣少女快速地走过，很快消失在了雾中。布兰福德觉得自己的心好像被压缩成一个小水泥球，他多想跟着那女孩，但又深深地向往那位以心灵真诚地陪伴他、带给他温暖的女人；而她正站在那里。现在他可以看见，她苍白而肥胖的脸上透着和善与智慧。她灰色的眼中闪烁着温暖和善良。

布兰福德克制住跟随年轻女子而去的冲动，尽管这样做并不容易。他的手抓着那本他去战场前她寄给他的书，为的是让霍利斯·梅内尔认出他。这不会成为爱情，但将成为一样珍贵的东西，一样可能比爱情更不寻常的东西——一份他一直感激、也将继续感激的友情。

他向女人举起书。

“我是约翰·布兰福德，你——你就是霍利斯·梅内尔吧。我非常高兴你能来见我。我能请你吃晚餐么？”那女人微笑着。“我不知道这到底是怎么回事，孩子，”她答道：“那位穿绿色套装的年轻女士——刚走过去的那位——请求我把这朵玫瑰别在衣服上。她说如果你邀请我和你一起出去，我就告诉你她在公路附近的那家大餐厅等你。她说这是一种考验。”

Unit 5

为女儿抽烟而哭泣

我女儿抽烟。她做作业时，脚搁在前面的长凳上，计算器嗒嗒地跳出几何题的答案。我看着那包已抽了一半、她随意扔在手边的“骆驼”牌香烟。我拿起香烟，走到厨房里去仔细察看，那里的光线好一点——谢天谢地，香烟是有过滤嘴的。我心里十分难过。我想哭。事实上，我确实哭过。我站在炉子旁边，手里捏着一支雪白的香烟，制作得非常精致，但那可是会致我女儿于死地的东西啊。当她抽“万宝路”及“普雷厄尔”牌香烟时，我硬起心肠，不让自己感到难过。我认识的人当中没有抽这两种牌子的香烟。

她不知道我父亲、也就是她外公生前抽的就是“骆驼”牌香烟。但是在他开始抽机制卷烟之前——那时他很年轻、也很穷，眼睛炯炯有神——他抽的是用“阿尔伯特亲王牌”烟丝自己手工卷的香烟。我还记得

那鲜红的烟丝盒，上面有一张维多利亚女王丈夫阿尔伯特亲王的照片，他身穿黑色燕尾服，手里拿着一支手杖。

到40年代末、50年代初，我的家乡佐治亚州的伊藤顿已没有人再自己手工卷烟了（而且几乎没有女人抽烟）。烟草业，再加上好莱坞电影——影片中的男女主角都是烟鬼——把像我父亲这样的人完完全全争取了过去，他们无可救药地抽烟抽上了瘾。然而我父亲从来就没有像阿尔伯特亲王那样时髦过。他还是一个贫穷、过于肥胖、为养活一大家人而拼命干活的男人。他是黑人，嘴里却总叼着一支雪白的香烟。

他记不清父亲是什么时候开始咳嗽的。也许开始时并不明显，只是早晨一下床点燃第一支香烟时才有点微咳。到我16岁，也就是我女儿现在这般年纪时，他一呼吸就呼哧呼哧的，让人感到不安；他上楼时每走三、四级楼梯就停下来休息一会儿，而且，他常常一连咳上一小时。

肺部的病痛把我父亲折磨得虚弱不堪，一个严冬，他死于被称为“穷人之友”的疾病——肺炎。他咳嗽了这么多年，我想他的肺部已没有什么完好的地方了。去世前几年，他的呼吸已经很虚弱了，他总得倚靠着某个东西。我记得有一次全家聚会，当时我女儿才两岁，他抱了她一会儿，好让我有时间给他俩拍张照片。但是很明显他是费了好大劲儿的。生命行将结束前，他才戒了烟，主要是因为他的肺功能已极度受损。戒烟后他的体重增加了几磅，但当时他太瘦了，所以没人注意到这一点。

我到第三世界国家去旅行时，看到了许多像我父亲和女儿那样的人。到处都有针对他们这两类人的巨大广告牌：强壮、；自信或时髦的成熟男人，以及漂亮、“世故”的年青女子，都在吞云吐雾。就像在美国的旧城区和印第安人的居留地上一样，在这些贫困的国家里，那些本应该花在食物上的钱却流进了烟草公司。久而久之，人们不但缺少食物，而且还缺少空气，这样不但大大地损害了孩子们的体质，还使他们染上了烟瘾，最终还会致他们于死地。我在报纸还有我订阅的园艺杂志上看到，烟蒂的毒性很强：一个婴儿如果吞下了一个烟蒂，就很可能会死去，而沸水加一把烟蒂就成了很有效的杀虫剂。

作为母亲，我深深地感到痛苦。有时我有一种无能为力的感觉。我记得自己怀孕时，吃东西的时候是多么小心啊！之后在教她如何安全穿过马路时，又是多么耐心啊！有时我纳闷：自己这样做到底是为了什么？难道是为了她今后大半辈子有气无力地挣扎着呼吸，然后再像她外公那样自己把自己毒死吗？

我特别喜欢一条写在受虐妇女收容所里的语录：“人间和平，始于家庭。”我认为世上所有的东西都是如此。我还想起了另一条写给那些想戒烟的人们的语录：“每个家庭都应该是禁烟区。”抽烟是一种自我毁灭，而且也毁灭着那些不得不坐在你身边的人。那些人偶尔也会取笑或抱怨你抽烟，可常常只能无可奈何地坐在一边看。我现在意识到，从我还是个孩子起，这些年来我实际上是一直坐在旁边，看着我父亲自杀。对那些生意兴隆的烟草公司的巨头们来说，能在我家取得这样一种胜利，肯定是够满意了。

新视野大学英语读写教程__第三册(vocabulary答案+翻译)

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