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《波的形成与传播》课堂导学案

《波的形成与传播》课堂导学案
《波的形成与传播》课堂导学案

12.1《波的形成与传播》课堂导学案

【知识目标】

1、知识与技能:

(1)理解机械波的形成。(2)知道机械波的分类。

(3)知道波的产生条件是有介质和有波源。(4)知道什么是机械波。

2、过程与方法:

小组合作探究,大胆拓展质疑

3、情感态度与价值观:

以积极的热情投入学习,体验成功的快乐。

【基础知识】

一、波的形成和传播

1、波的形成

当手握绳端上下振动时,绳端带动相邻质点,使它也上下振动。这个质点又更远一些的质点…绳上的质点都很快起来,只是后面的质点总比前面的质点迟一些开始,这样在整个绳子上就形成了凹凸相间的波。

2、介质

(1)定义:波借以的物质。

(2)特点:组成介质的质点之间有,一个质点的振动会引起相邻质点的振动。

二、机械波

1、形成:在介质中传播,形成机械波。

2、产生条件:

(1)要有

(2)要有传播振动的

3、特点

(1)介质中有机械波传播时,介质本身并不随波一起传播,因此说它传播的只是

这种运动形式。

(2)介质中本来静止的质点,随着波的传来而发生振动,可见波是传递的一种方式。

(3)介质中质点开始转动的方向均与开始振动的方向相同。

三、波的分类

机械波可分为横波和纵波两类。

声波是 ,它不仅能在空气中传播,也能在固体、液体中传播。水波是复杂的机械波,不是横波。

课中合作探究(20分钟)

探究问题一、波的形成和传播

【演示1】 :用横波演示器进行演示,学生仔细观察现象,体会横波的形成过程。 波是如何形成和传播的?

①各质点的“起振”(开始振动)

方向与振源的起振方向有何关

系?是否同时起振?

②各质点的振动形式与振源的

振动形式有何关系?

③形成的机械波如何传播?波的传播方向与各质点的振动方向是否一回事?各质点是否随“迁移”?

T 41T 21T 43T T 45

④机械波在传播过程中传播了什么?

⑤波在传播过程中还有何特点?

【总结】:

1、绳的各部分看成是存在_________的质点。

2、前一质点______相邻后一质点振动,但后一质点要_ ____。

3、振动的传播从总体上看形成凸凹相间的波

探究问题二.横波和纵波

【演示2】:用螺旋弹簧纵波演示器进行演示,学生仔细观察现象,体会纵波的形成过程。

1、弹簧上会出现什么现象?

2、弹簧的振动方向与波的传播方向是什么关系?

3、什么是横波和纵波,区分横波和纵波的的依据是什么?

实例探究:(8分钟)

1、图12.1-7是某绳波形成过程的示意图。质点1在外力作用下沿竖直方向做简谐运动,带动2,3,4,……各个质点依次上下振动,把振动从绳的左端传到右端。已知t=0时,质点1开始向上运动;t=T/4时,1到达最上方,5开始向上运动。问:

(1)t=T/2时,质点8、12、16的运动状态(是否运动、运动方向)如何?

(2)t=3T/4时,质点8、12、16的运动状态如何?

(3)t=T时,质点8、12、16的运动状态如何?

课堂总结:(3分钟)

1、机械波的概念:

2、机械波的产生条件

3、机械波的分类

【课堂训练】(5分钟)

1.关于机械振动和机械波下列叙述正确的是()

A.有机械振动必有机械波

B.有机械波必有机械振动

C.在波的传播中,振动质点并不随波的传播方向发生迁移

D.在波的传播中,如振源停止振动,波的传播并不会立即停止

2、波在传播过程中,正确的说法是()

A、介质中的质点是随波迁移;

B、波源的振动能量随波传递,

C、振动质点的频率随着波的传播而减小;

D、波源的能量靠振动质点的迁移随波传递.

3、沿绳传播的一列机械波,当波源突然停止振动时,有()

A、绳上各质点同时停止振动,横波立即消失;

B、绳上各质点同时停止振动,纵波立即消失;

C、离波源较近的各质点先停止振动,较远的各质点稍后停止振动:

D、离波源较远的各质点先停止振动,较近的各质点稍后停止振动。

课后自主反思:

反思本节课,我参与探究了吗?参与发言了吗?参与讨论了吗?与人合作了吗?提出问题了吗?观察到了什么?发现了什么?学到了什么?

参考答案:

1、BCD

2、B

3、C

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