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2011年1月8日雅思阅读真题标准答案及解析

2011年1月8日雅思阅读真题标准答案及解析
2011年1月8日雅思阅读真题标准答案及解析

2011年1月8日雅思阅读真题标准答案

READING PASSAGE 1

1 ten thousand

2 South-East Asia

3 hard seeds

4 F

5 A

6 D

7 C

8 E

9 B

10 C

11 Not Given

12 False

13 True

READING PASSAGE 2

14 B

15 C

16 D

17 True

18 False

19 True

20 False

21 Not Given

22 True

23 True

24-26 in any order

B

D

F READIN

G PASSAGE 3

27 C

28 B

29 Persian wars

30 allies

31 geographical knowledge

32 pilgrimage

33 India

34 colonies

35 organization

36 wealthy

37 D

38 B

39 A

40 D

2011年1月8日雅思阅读真题解析

READING PASSAGE 1

Questions 1‐3

1.题目答案一定为数字信息,同时根据顺序原则,答案应该出现在文章开头,于是定位于

原文第一段第二句话“Agricultural scientists believe that the first edible banana was discovered around ten thousand years ago”,题目信息“eaten”对应原文中的“edible”,所以答案为ten thousand。

2.题目答案应该为一个地名,同时根据顺序原则,定位于第一段第三行中部“it was first

propagated in the jungles of South‐East Asia…”,题目信息“planted”对应原文中的“propagated”,所以答案为South‐East Asia。

3.利用细节信息“wild banana’s taste”和顺序原则定位于第一段第四行“Normally the wild

banana…contains a mass of hard seeds that make the fruit virtually inedible”,题目信息“adversely affected”对应原文中的“virtually inedible”,所以答案为hard seeds或seeds。

Questions 4‐10

4.利用细节信息“pest invasion”定位于第三段倒数第二行Geoff Hawtin的观点“When some

pest or disease comes along, severe epidemics can occur”,原文中的“severe epidemics can occur”对应题目信息“seriously damage banana industry”,所以答案为F。

5.利用细节信息“fungal infection in soli”定位于原文第四段第五行Rodomiro Ortiz的观点

“Once the fungus gets into the soil it remains there for many years”,原文中的“many years”对应题目信息“long‐lasting”,所以答案为A。

6.利用细节信息“a commercial manufacturer”定位于原文倒数第三段倒数第五行Ronald

Romero的观点“We supported a breeding program for 40 years…”,题目信息“a commercial manufacturer”对应原文观点后面的“head of research at Chiquita, one of the Big Three companies that dominate the international banana trade”,所以答案为D。

7.利用细节信息“chemical sprays”定位于原文第五段倒数第七行Emile Frison的观点“As

soon as you bring in a new fungicide, they develop resistance…”,原文中的“fungicide”对应题目信息“chemical sprays”,所以答案为C。

8.利用细节信息“destroyed a large number of banana plantations”定位于原文第五段倒数

第四行Luadir Gasparotto的观点“Most of the banana fields in Amazonia have already been destroyed by the disease”,所以答案为E。

9.利用细节信息“consumers would not accept”定位于原文最后一段第三行提到的David

McLaughlin的观点“there are serious questions about consumer acceptance”,题目中的“genetically altered crop”对应本段第一句中的GM(genetic modification的缩写),所以答案为B。

10.利用细节信息“lesson for other crops”定位于原文第二段第二行Emile Frison的观点“it

holds a lesson for other crops, too”,所以答案为C。

Questions 11‐13

11.利用细节信息“oldest known fruit”定位于原文第一段第一句话“The banana is among the

world’s oldest crops”。根据原文这个信息来判断,题目可能为True,也可能为False,所以答案为Not Given。

12.利用细节信息“Gros Michel”定位于原文第四段倒数第二、三句话“During the 1960s, it

replaced the Gros Michel on supermarket shelves. If you buy a banana today, it is almost certainly a Cavendish”。题目信息“still being used as a commercial product”与原文中的“it replaced the Gros Michel on supermarket shelves”以及“almost certainly a Cavendish”直接相反,所以答案为False。

13.利用细节信息“main food”定位于原文第五段开头几句话“Half a billion people in Asia and

Africa depend on bananas…Its name is synonymous with food…”。题目信息与原文是同义表达,所以答案为True。

READING PASSAGE 2

Questions 14‐16

14.利用细节信息“public interest in costal archaeology”和顺序原则定位于原文第一段第四

行“…had attracted the interest of antiquarians since at least the eighteenth century, but serious and systematic attention has been given…”。但是这种现象的原因并不位于第一段,而在第二段“It is possible to trace a variety of causes for this concentration of effort and interest”后面的信息。后面主要讲到人们开始关注“costal archaeology”是因为“climate change and its environmental impact”,因为“sea levels”上涨影响了“costal environments”,于是更多的人意识到“coastal erosion”和“human activity”对“archaeological resource of the coast”有破坏作用,这些信息都与选项B“the rising awareness of climate change”相关,所以答案为B。

15.利用细节信息“boats”定位于原文第六段,这里提及了大量“boats”方面的考古发现。

选项A“There’s enough knowledge of the boatbuilding technology of the pre‐historic people”

应该排除,因为其与原文内容“we still have much to learn about their production and use”

直接相反。选项B“Many of the boats discovered were found in harbors”也可以排除,因为“harbor”在第七段才出现,而且也没有提及是否在“harbor”发现了大量的船。选项D“Boats were first used for fishing”也应该排除,因为“fishing”在第八段才提到,讲的是沿海人类的经济活动,并没提及船最初都是用作打渔的。所以答案为C。“The use of boats had not been recorded for a thousand years”对应原文第六段第五行“after this there is a gap in the record of a millennium…”。

16.利用细节信息“from the air”定位于原文第八段第四句“Elaborate wooden fish weirs, often

of considerable extent and responsive to aerial photography in shallow water…”,原文中的“aerial photography”对应题目信息“discovered from the air”。原文信息“Elaborate wooden fish weirs”与选项D“fisheries”直接对应,所以答案为D。

Questions 17‐23

17.利用细节信息“after the ice‐age”和“rising sea level”定位于原文第三段前两句话“…in

the post‐glacial period…the rise in the altitude of sea level…The encroachment of the sea, the loss of huge areas of land now under the North Sea and the English Channel…”,题目信息“after the ice‐age”对应原文中的“post‐glacial period”,题目内容是原文的简单归纳,所以答案为True。

18.利用细节信息“the coastline of England”和顺序原则定位于原文第三段倒数第四行“the

constant reconfiguration of the coastline”,题目信息“changed periodically”与原文中的“constant reconfiguration”直接相反,所以答案为False。

19.利用细节信息“well‐protected by sea‐water”定位于原文第四段倒数第二行“its physical

environment means that preservation is often excellent”,题目信息“well‐protected by sea‐water”对应原文中的“preservation is often excellent”。题目信息与原文是同义表达,所以答案为True。

20.利用细节信息“the design of boats”和“pre‐modern people”定位于原文第六段倒数第

四行“Boats were some of the most complex artefacts produced by pre‐modern societies”,题目信息“very simple”与原文中的“the most complex artefacts”直接相反,所以答案为False。

21.原文没有找到“other European countries”和在其他欧洲国家发现类似船只的信息,所以

答案为Not Given。

22.利用细节信息“mineral exploitation”定位于原文第八段倒数第三行“mineral resources

such as sand, gravel, stone, coal, ironstone, and alum were all exploited. These industries are poorly documented…”,题目信息“few documents”对应原文中的“poorly documented”,所以答案为True。

23.利用细节信息“large passenger boats”和顺序原则定位于原文最后一段倒数第十行“The

larger size of ferries has also caused an increase in the damage caused by their wash to fragile deposits in the intertidal zone”,题目信息“passenger boats”对应原文中的“ferries”,题目信息“intertidal zone”对应原文中的“seashore”。题目与原文是同义表达,所以答案为True。

Questions 24‐26

选项A“How coastal archaeology was originally discovered”应该排除,因为原文并没有到这方面的内容。

选项B“It is difficult to understand how many people lived close to the sea”是正确选项。该选项对应原文第五段第五行“We are not yet in a position to make even preliminary estimates of answers to such fundamental questions as the extent to which the sea and the coast affected human life in the past, what percentage of the population at any time lived within reach of the sea…”。题目信息“It is difficult to understand”对应原文中的“not yet in a position to make even preliminary estimates”,题目信息“how many people”对应原文中的“what percentage of the population”,题目“lived close to the sea”对应原文中的“within reach of the sea”。

选项C“How much the prehistoric communities understand the climate change”应该排除,虽然原文开头提及“climate change”并多处提到“prehistoric communities”,但是却没有提及他们对气候变化的知识。

选项D“Our knowledge of boat evidence is limited”是正确选项。该选项对应原文第六段第一句“…yet we still have much to learn about their production and use”,以及该段倒数第五行“…yet we know almost nothing about it”。

选项E“Some fishing grounds were converted to ports”是错误选项,因为原文第七段提及“ports”,第八段提及“fishing”,但是却并没有“fishing grounds”转变成“ports”的信息。

选项F“Human development threatens the archaeological remains”是正确选项。该选项对应原文最后一段,该段整体都在讲人类活动对“archaeological remains”的影响。

选项G“Coastal archaeology will become more important in the future”是错误选项,因为原文并没有提到这方面的内容。

所以24‐26题的正确答案为B、D、F。

READING PASSAGE 3

Questions 27‐28

27. 利用顺序原则定位于原文第一段第二、三句话“Some travelers may have simply desired to

satisfy curiosity about the larger world. Until recent times, however, did travelers start their journey for reasons other than mere curiosity”,该信息直接对应选项C“knowing other people and places better”,为“curiosity”的同义替换,所以答案为C。

28. 利用细节信息“mirror”和顺序原则定位于原文第一段最后一句话“they are also a mirror

to the travelers themselves, for these accounts help them to have a better understanding of themselves”,该信息直接对应选项B“Because travelers reflect upon their own society and life”。

Questions 29‐36

29. 利用细节信息“classical Greece”,“Herodotus”,“Egypt and Anatolia”定位于原文第二段

第六行“the Greek historian Herodotus reported on his travels in Egypt and Anatolia in researching the history of the Persian wars”,所以答案为Persian wars。

30. 利用细节信息“Han Dynasty”,“Zhang Qian”,“Central Asia”定位于原文第二段倒数第

四行“…searching for allies for the Han dynasty”,所以答案为allies。

31. 利用细节信息“Roman Empire”,“Ptolemy, Strabo, Pliny the Elder”,“Mediterranean”定

位于原文第二段最后一句话“…to compile vast compendia of geographical knowledge”,所以答案为geographical knowledge。

32. 利用细节信息“500 to 1500 CE”,“Muslims”,“From east Africa to Indonesia, Mecca”定

位于原文第三段第一句话“…trade and pilgrimage emerged as major incentives for travel to foreign lands”,所以答案为pilgrimage。

33. 利用细节信息“5th to 9th centuries CE”和“Chinese Buddhists”定位于原文第三段倒数

第三句话“…thousands of Chinese Buddhists traveled to India to study with…”,所以答案为India。

34. 利用细节信息“19th century”,“Colonial administrator”,“Asia, Africa”定位于原文第六

段第二句话“European colonial administrators devoted numerous writings to the societies of their colonial subjects, particularly in Asian and African colonies they established”,所以答案为colonies。

35. 利用细节信息“1900s”,“Sun Yat‐sen”,“Fukuzawa Yukichi”,“Europe and United States”

定位于原文倒数第二段最后两句话“…in hopes of discovering principles useful for the organization of their own societies…”,所以答案为organization。

36. 利用细节信息“20th century”,“Mass tourism”定位于原文最后一段第六行“The most

distinctive of them was mass tourism, which emerged as a major form of consumption for individuals living in the world’s wealthy societies”,所以答案为wealthy。

Questions 37‐40

37. 利用细节信息“imperial rulers”定位于原文第二段第五行“they held especially strong

appeal for rulers desiring useful knowledge about their realms”,该信息直接对应选项D “they desired knowledge of their empire”, 所以答案为D。

38. 利用细节信息“postclassical era”定位于原文第三段第五、六句“…millions of Muslims have

followed his example, and thousands of hajj accounts have related their experiences. East Asian travelers were not quite some prominent…”,该信息直接对应选项B“Muslim pilgrims”,所以答案为B。

39. 利用细节信息“early modern era”定位于原文第五段第五行“…and European printing

presses churned out thousands of travel accounts that described foreign lands and peoples for a reading public with an apparently insatiable appetite for news about the larger world”。

B选项“explore new business opportunities”应该排除,因为这里并没有提及“商机”

的信息。C选项“encourage trips to the new world”也应该排除,因为“trips to the new world”原文中并没有提及。D选项“record the larger world”也应该排除,因为“record the larger world”是书的内容而非出版的目的。所以答案为A“meet the public’s interest”,对应原文中的“for a reading public with insatiable appetite”。

40. 选项A“The production of travel books”是错误选项,因为文章并没有讲到书的制作过程。

选项B“The literary status of travel books”也是错误选项,因为原文并没有讲到旅游书的文学地位这一方面的内容。选项C“Historical significance of travel books”也是错误选项,因为原文并没有讲到travel books在历史上的巨大作用。选项D“The development of travel books”是正确选项,因为文章就是讲travel books的发展,从ancient times到modern era。所以答案为D。

剑桥10阅读解析Test3

Passage1 The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism 1. 难度分析:较简单 2.文章标题:The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism 旅游业的意义 3.文章话题:社会类

5. 题型分析: 文章题型由三个题型组成:小标题配对题+判断题+句子填空,第一大题属于段落主旨题,后两题是细节题型。 6.题目解析: Questions 1-4 小标题配对题 1. Paragraph B 2. Paragraph C 3. Paragraph D 4. Paragraph E 答案解析: 1. 选ii。定位到第二段第一句话:Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. 表明就我们所知,广义的旅游业是一个

二十世纪的现象。选项中的mass tourism与原文中的tourism in the mass form是同义替换。 2. 选i。定位到第三段第一句话:Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. 即目前旅游业对经济及社会都非常重要。选项中的significance替换原文的importance。 3. 选v。定位到第四段第一句话:However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden or obscured its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. 意思是旅游业的主要问题是这个产业本身的多样性和分散性,这使得其经济影响变得不那么明显。选项中的difficulty,effects分别替换原文的problems和impact。 4. 选vii。定位到第五段第一句话:Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism have become an institutionalised way of life for most of the population. 表明旅游业曾经是富人们的特权,而现在已经变成大多数人们习以为常的一种生活方式了。选项中的world,impact替换原文的most of the population, institutionalised。 Questions 5-10 判断题 5. The largest employment figures in the world are found in the travel and tourism industry. 6. Tourism contributes over six per cent of the Australian gross national product. 7. Tourism has a social impact because it promotes recreation. 8. Two main features of the travel and tourism industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain. 9. Visitor spending is always greater than the spending of residents in tourist areas. 10. It is easy to show statistically how tourism affects individual economies. 答案解析: 5. 选TRUE。定位到第三段第三句话: According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (1992), ‘Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world on virtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment, employment and tax

雅思阅读预测真题库4参考答案

Animal’s Self-Medicatin TRUE/NOT GIVEN/FALSE/TRUE pitch/terpenses/alkaloids/detoxity/hooks G/D/E/C Development of Public Management Theory BE/AD/AB/AC/A/B/D/C/B ---------------------------------------------17 Koalas C/C/A/B/A YES/NO/NO/NOT GIVEN/YES/NOT GIVEN/YES A Coastal Archaeology of Britain C/D/A TRUE/FALSE/TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/TRUE/ADF

Communication Styles and Conflict iii/vii/i/iv/ix/viii/v/ii TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/TRUE B Talc Powder Applied on Food and Agricultural Industries B/B/A/A/C/B 20/foam/waste water/harmful/biodegrade/droplet(s)/lamination(packing)/gr ape grower(s) Human Navigation-finding our way B / C / A / C / B / C / D / A / TRUE / NOT GIVEN / TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN Plant Scents B/A/F/C TRUE/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/FALSE B/B/C/D/A

雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析(2)

雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析(2)

Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief,continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in . Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter. B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag,’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in , though the recovery may be ebbing by then. C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty: the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, the Treaty of Nice in . And in they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted,not immobilised, by this setback. D. In the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously, restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself, and in normal circumstances, the EU’s 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless, a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto

剑桥10阅读解析test2

剑桥雅思10TEST2 PASSAGE1阅读解析 1. 总体难度概括:中等 2. 文章介绍:标题: tea and the industrial revolution 话题:历史类 3. 词汇准备: a段 anthropological adj. 人类学的 historian n. 史学工作者 wrestle v. 斗争 enigma n. 奥秘 birth n. 诞生 strike v. 罢工;打击;冲击 b段 puzzle n. 谜团 factor n. 因素 drive v. 推动,驱动 affluent adj. 富足的 criteria n. 标准【criterion的复数】 sufficient adj. 足够的 convinced adj. 确信的 c段 propose n. 提议 cupboard n. 柜橱 fuel v. 助燃,加速 antiseptic adj. 防腐的,杀菌的 property n. 性能 tannin n. 单宁酸 ingredient n. 配料 hops n. 啤酒花 succumb v. 屈从 dysentery n. 痢疾 eccentric adj. 奇怪的 deduction n. 推理 skepticism n. 怀疑论 wary adj. 谨慎的 admiration n. 羡慕 strengthen v. 加强 notable adj. 值得注意的

distinguished adj. 杰出的 favorable adj. 有利的 appraisal n. 评价 d段 alight v. 偶然发现 static adj. 静态的 virus n. 病毒 bacteria n. 细菌 malaria n. 疟疾 sanitation n. 卫生 e段 dig v. 探寻 reveal v. 揭示 antibacterial adj. 抗菌的 agent n. 药剂 preserve v. 保护 malt n. 麦芽 gin n. 杜松子酒 f段 grip n. 掌握,控制 prevalence n. 流行 coincidence n. 巧合 clipper n. 帆船 sip v. 啜饮 g段 forge v. 伪造 futures n. 期货 wheel n. 轮子 4. 题型分析 这篇文章是由二种题型组成,都是阅读考试中常见的题型。 段落选标题+判断题 5. 题目解析

2015年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析三

Time to cool it 1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology: solid, reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century, but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea--draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it, and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators' main jobs were preserving food and, as air conditioners, cooling buildings. Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them. 2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by, for example, a person, and the pattern of the array's electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists, however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down. 3 Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications. 4 As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money, though, may be in cooling computers. 5 Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter for a long time. One consequence of Moore's Law, which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months, is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact, it more than doubles, because besides increasing in number,the components are getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company,Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4--the last "single-core" desktop processor--clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second. 6 Disposing of this heat is a big obstruction to further miniaturisation and higher speeds. The innards of a desktop computer commonly hit 80℃. At 85℃, they

雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析(4)

雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析(4)

Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes Sense A. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry’s greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple,on his firm’s website under the unassuming title “Thoughts on Music” has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music,which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple’s DRM system, called FairPlay, is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished. B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in” customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling), any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm, such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals, the company warned of “state-sponsored piracy”. Only DRM, it implied, could keep the pirates at bay. C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM: the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation. So, he suggests, why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected?“This is

2019雅思阅读考试真题(19)

2019年雅思IELTS考试备考资料模拟试题及答案14 The nervous system of vertebrates is characterized by a hollow, dorsal nerve cord that ends in the head region as an enlargement, the brain. Even in its most primitive form this cord and its attached nerves are the result of evolutionary specialization, and their further evolution from lower to higher vertebrate classes is a process that is far from fully understood. Nevertheless, the basic arrangements are similar in all vertebrates, and the study of lower animals gives insight into the form and structure of the nervous system of higher animals. Moreover, for any species, the study of the embryological development of the nervous system is indispensable for an understanding of adult morphology. In any vertebrate two chief parts of the nervous system may be distinguished. These are the central nervous system (the nerve cord mentions above), consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, consisting of the cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerves, together with their motor and sensory endings. The term "autonomic nervous system" refers to the parts of the central and peripheral systems that supply and regulate the activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and many glands. The nervous system is composed of many millions of nerve and glial cells, together with blood vessels and a small amount of connective tissue. The nerve cells, or "neurons", are characterized by many processes and are specialized in that they exhibit to a great degree the phenomena of irritability and conductivity. The glial cells of the central nervous system are supporting cells collectively termed

2019雅思阅读考试真题(2)

2019年11月4日雅思阅读机经真题答案及解析 一、考试概述: 本次考试的文章两篇新题一篇旧题,第一篇描述了两个科学家在撒哈拉的发现,研究了古代人的生存方式,第二篇是讲了利用心理学对课堂行为实行研究,第三篇是讲非语言交流的,人类除了用语言交流,其他手势、行为等的非语言形式也很重要 二、具体题目分析 Passage 1: 题目:Human Remain in Green Sahara 题型:判断题4 +简答题3+填空题6 新旧水准:旧题 文章大意:描述了两个科学家在撒哈拉的发现,研究古代人的生存方式。 参考文章: Human Remain in Green Sahara A On October 13,2,000, a small team of paleontologists led by Paul Sereno of the University of Chicago clambered out of three battered Land Rovers, filled their water bottles, and scattered on foot across the toffee-colored sands of the Tenere desert in northern Niger. The Tenere,on the southern flank of the Sahara, easily ranks among the most desolate landscapes on Earth. The Tuareg,turbaned nomads who for centuries have ruled this barren realm, refer to it as a

雅思阅读试卷 附完整参考答案

Section I Words A.Match the words with the same meaning.W rite down the letters on you answer sheet. (1(1’’*6) 1.epidermic 2.motivate 3.assume 4.appealing 5.controversy 6expertise A.skill or knowledge in a particular area B.dispute,argument C.attractive D.an outbreak of a contagious disease that spreads rapidly and widely E.to provide with an incentive;impel . F.to take for granted,suppose B.Fill in the blanks with proper forms of words given in the box,one word can be used more than once.(1(1’’*10) evolve prepare propose minimum peer through cheat weep address exploit except 1.Not surprisingly,his was not well received,even though it seemed to agree with the scientific information available at the time.. 2.The little girl with disappointment when she learned that her favourite Barbie Dolls were sold out. 3.The price is her,she refuses to lower it any further. 4.Apes,monkeys and many other primates have fairly elaborate systems of calls for communicating with other members of their species. 5.Some melodies are quite manipulative,working on our emotions very effectively,and composers have often this to the full. 6.I realized I’d been when I saw the painting on sale for half the price I paid for it. 7.To this problem,Counter Intelligence built a kitchen of its own and started making gagets to fill it with. 8.Most birds don’t have a good sense of smell,but fish-eaters such as petrels and shearwaters are significant. 9.Why bother a clear door,when you can put a camera in the oven to broadcast snapshots of the activities in the oven to a screen in another room? 10.Exploration will allow us to make suitable for dealing with any dangers that we might face,and we may be able to find physical resources such as minerals. SectionⅡ.Translation A.Translate the following sentences into English.(3(3’’*5) 1.Despite the hardship he encountered,Mark never (放弃对知识的追求) 2.由于缺乏对这种病的了解,许多人依然认为HIV受害者都是自作自受。(owing to; ignorance)

雅思海外阅读8套真题(含答案解析)

Reading One READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1. Bovids The family of mammals called bovids belongs to the Artiodactyl class, which also includes giraffes. Bovids are highly diverse group consisting of 137 species, some of which are man’s most important domestic animals. Bovids are well represented in most parts of Eurasia and Southeast Asian islands, but they are by far the most numerous and diverse in the latter. Some species of bovid are solitary, but others live in large groups with complex social structures. Although bovids have adapted to a wide range of habitats, from arctic tundra to deep tropical forest, the majority of species favour open grassland, scrub or desert. This diversity of habitat is also matched by great diversity in size and form: at one extreme is the royal antelope of West Africa, which stands a mere 25 cm at the shoulder; at the other, the massively built bisons of North America and Europe, growing to a shoulder height of 2.2m. Despite differences in size and appearance, bovids are united by the possession of certain common features. All species are ruminants, which means that they retain undigested food in their stomachs, and regurgitate it as necessary. Bovids are almost exclusively herbivorous. Typically their teeth are highly modified for browsing and grazing: grass or foliage is cropped with the upper lip and lower incisors (the upper incisors are usually absent), and then ground down by the cheek teeth. As well as having cloven, or split, hooves, the males of all bovid species and the females of most carry horns. Bovid horns have bony cores covered in a sheath of horny material that is constantly renewed from within; they are unbranched and never shed. They vary in shape and size: the relatively simple horns of a large Indian buffalo may measure around 4m from tip to tip along the outer curve, while the various gazelles have horns with a variety of elegant curves. Five groups, or sub-families, may be distinguished: Bovinae, Antelope, Caprinae, Cephalophinae and Antilocapridae. The sub-family Bovinae comprises most of the larger bovids, including the African bongo, and nilgae, eland, bison and cattle. Unlike most other bovids they are all non-territorial. The ancestors of the various species of domestic cattle banteng, gaur, yak and water buffalo are generally rare and endangered in the wild, while the auroch (the ancestor of the domestic cattle of Europe) is

剑桥 雅思 10 test 4 的三篇阅读的解析

1. 2. The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism 3. 4. primitive a. motivation n. vital a. civilisation n. economy n. distinctly adv. phenomenon n. advent n. connotation n. revolution

availability n. commercial a. industrialised a. employment n. estimate v. investment n. excess n. profound a. obscure v. ... diversity n. fragmentation n. accommodation

remain v. amorphous a. exclusive a. institionalised a. commodity n. income n. quote v. valid a. domestic a. 5. + + 6. Questions 1-4 1. Paragraph B 2. Paragraph C

3. Paragraph D 4. Paragraph E 1. ii Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. mass tourism tourism in the mass form 2. i Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. significance importance 3. v However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden or obscured its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. difficulty effects problems impact 4. vii Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism have become an institutionalised way of life for most of the population. world impact most of the population, institutionalised Questions 5-10 5. The largest employment figures in the world are found in the travel and tourism industry. 6. Tourism contributes over six per cent of the Australian gross national product. 7. Tourism has a social impact because it promotes recreation. 8. Two main features of the travel and tourism industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain. 9. Visitor spending is always greater than the spending of residents in tourist areas. 10. It is easy to show statistically how tourism affects individual economies. 5. TRUE According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (1992), ‘Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world on virtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment, employment and tax contributions’ figures measure

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