四六级翻译技巧

1、词类转换

英语语言的一个很重要的特点，就是词类变形和词性转换，尤其是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换。

[例] 她的书给我们的印象很深。

译文：Her book impressed us deeply.

批注：在这里汉语中的名词需转化成英语中的动词"impress"。

2、语态转换

语态分为被动语态和主动语态，汉语中主动语态出现频率较高，而与之相反，英语中被动语态的使用率较高。

因此考生在翻译时，要注意语态之间的转换。

[例] 这个小女孩在上学的路上受了伤。

译文：The little girl was hurt on her way to school.

批注：这里，“受了伤”的主动语态转换为"was hurt"的被动语态。

3、正反表达

正反表达翻译可以分为两种情况：1.汉语从正面表达时，英语从反面表达。小编简称为“汉正英反”。

2.汉语从反面表达时，译文从正面表达。小编简称为“汉反英正”。[例] 他的演讲不充实。

译文：His speech is pretty thin. 批注：以上用法属于“汉反英正”的用法。

4、语序变换

为了适应英文的修辞避免歧义，有时需要对原文的语序进行调整。

5、增词法

在翻译段落时，为了能充分的表达原文含义，以求达意，翻译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。[例] 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。译文：Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

批注：中间加上了增连词whereas，以使英语的句子表达更加有逻辑性。

6、减词法

英语的表达倾向简洁，汉语比较喜欢重复。重复，作为一种汉语修辞方法，在某种场合下，重复的表达一个意

思，是为了强调，加强语气。为了有更强的节奏感和押韵，汉语中也经常会出现排比句。考生在翻译这些句子时，为了符合英文表达的逻辑，就要有所删减或省略。

[例] 这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天!让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱这个春天吧!

译文：Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of science.

批注：如遇到重复的汉语排比句，汉译英时记得遵守英语的逻辑表达，用

定语从句来翻译，使英文句子读起来也朗朗上口。

四六级翻译中最常用到的就是分句法与合句法，下面我们重点来讲解一下这两个方法。

很多情况下，翻译句子的时候，需要调整原来的句子结构，分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。

所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。

所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。

7、合句法

把汉语内容关系密切的两个句子甚至更多句子合译为英语的一句就是合句译法。翻译时，既可以合译为一个主从句，也可合译为成分较为复杂(如包含非谓语动词等)的简单句。其优点在于不仅用词不多，而且句子显得流畅。合句译法的方法主要有：(1)在关联词处合译

[例] 每去一次，我的药量就减少一些，最后医生告诉我说，不必再服药了。

With each visit，the dose of medicine prescribed to me would be progressively reduced until the time came when the doctor said that I would no longer need them. 这句话的后半部分表示的是结果，在翻译时用一个定语从句the time came when the doctor said thatIwould no longer need them

将其连接起来。

(2)按内容连贯合译

[例] 老年人有长处，但也有很大的弱点，老年人容易固执，因此老年人也要有点自觉性。

Old people have strengths but also great weaknesses--they tend to be stubborn，for example--and they should be aware of that.

原文的几个短句可被分为两个部分，后面一部分补充说明前面一部分的“弱点”。使用破折号可以简单明了地表达出补充说明的关系。

(3)从主语变换处合译

[例] 不注意眼睛的休息，长时间近距离用眼或长期的不正确姿势，会使人眼处于视疲劳状态，进而形成近视眼。

If they are used for a long time without rest，or kept close to the object or with your body in an improper posture，your eyes will be in a state of visual fatigue，which will gradually lead to nearsightedness.

8、分句法

汉译英时，需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句

子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。

(1)从主语变换处断句

[例] 与会者对这个问题的观点差别太大，以致发生了争吵，一时会场的气氛紧张起来。

The opinions of the attendants about this issue were far from unanimous so that some of them began to quarrel with each other.The atmosphere at the

meeting became tense at the moment.

(2)从关联词(如转折处)断句

[例] 昨天出了好几起交通事故，或许是因为有大雾的缘故吧!

There were several traffic accidents yesterday.Maybe it is because of the heavy fog.

(3)从意义完整、独立处断句

[例] 一转眼，20年就这样过去了，回首往事，是幸福，还是惆怅，恐怕连自己也难以搞清。

Twenty years has elapsed in the twinkling of an eye.When looking back，I’m afraid that we won’t know what we can find in the past，happiness or sadness

(4)原文出现总说或分述时要断句[例] 我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单：因为我们出口商品就是为了我们国外客户的需要。

The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple.

Our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers.

(5)为了强调语气而采用断句

[例] 我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一，有关的政策，也是众所周知和不会改变的，并且正在深入全中华民族的心坎。

We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory.Our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change.The desire for peaceful reunification of the

motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.

面列举了30个常用的句型，路过的童鞋们快来看看是否已经掌握了

呢？

1）It is＋形容词＋that

It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色。

2）It is＋形容词＋to do/ doing

She had said what it was necessary to say.

她已经说了一切有必要说的话。

3）祈使句／名词＋and/ or

Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination. 努力工作，你就能实现自己的目标。4）as＋many/ much＋名词＋as

It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in London.

据说，游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。

5）倍数词＋as＋形容词＋as

The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago.

这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。

6) 倍数词+ more +名词／形容词十than

Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.

吸烟对人体健康的危害极大，每年死于吸烟的人比死于车祸的人多七倍。7）（not）as/ so...as（和……（不）一样）

The environmental problems are not as serious as they suggested in their report.

环境问题没有他们在报告中说得那

么严重。

8）no more...than（与……一样不）She is no more fit to be a manager than a schoolgirl would be.

一个女学生固然不宜当经理，她也同样不宜。

9）Nothing is more...than（没有比……更……的；……是最……的）Nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

10）感官动词＋of＋名词

They hurriedly escaped into a cave that smelt of terror.

他们仓皇地逃人一个充满恐怖气氛

的山洞。

11）without/ not so much as（甚至没有）

Disappointed with her husband，Mary left home without so much as looking back at him．

出于对丈夫的失望，玛丽离开了家，甚至都没有回头看他一眼。

12）may/ might as well（…as）（与其……还不如……）

One may as well not know a thing at all as know but imperfectly. 与其一知半解还不如彻底蒙在鼓里。

大学英语四六级翻译常用词汇汇总

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大学英语四六级翻译--科技类词汇(精炼版)

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中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。 译文一 China's innovation is flourishing faster than ever before. In order to surpass developed countries on progressing and technology as soon as possible, China has sharply increased research and development fund. Chinese universities and institutes are actively doing innovative researches, covering various fields of high technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots. They are also cooperating with science and technology parks in different places, progressing commercialize their fruits of innovation.In the meantime , to adapt to the changing foreign and domestic market, and to satisfy the growing demand, Chinese entrepreneurs are also making pioneering efforts to innovate their products and business models(模式). 译文二（文都版） Innovation is progressing in an unprecedented speed in China. In order to catch up with those developed countries in the world as fast as it can in the science and technology field, China has increased funds for development research substantially in recent years. Universities and research institutions in China are actively carrying out innovation researches, which cover high-

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Passage 1北京大学 北京大学于1898年成立，原名为京师大学堂(the Imperial University of Peking)。该大学的成立标志着中国近代史上高等教育的开始。在中国近代史上，它是进步思想的中心，对中国新文化运动、五四运动及其他重要事件的发生颇有影响。今天，国内不少高校排行榜将北京大学放入国内顶尖大学之列。该校重视教学和科学研究。为提高本科生教育和研究生教育质量、保持其领先研究机构的地位，学校已做出很大努力。此外，学校尤以其校园环境及优美的中国传统建筑而闻名。 Originally known as the Imperial University of Peking, Peking University was established in 1898. The establishment of the University marked the beginning of higher education in China's modem history. In modem history of China it was a center for progressive thought and was influential in the birth of China's New Culture Movement May Fourth Movement and many other significant events. Today, Peking University was placed by marry domestic university rankings amongst the top universities in China The university lays emphasis on both teaching, and scientific research. It has made great efforts to improve the undergraduate and graduate education, and maintain its role as a leading research institution In addition, the University is especially renowned for its campus environment and the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture. Passage 2 中国的民族 中国以其人口密集、疆域辽阔而著称。作为一个多民族国家，中国共有56个民族，总人口约14亿人。汉族是中华民族的主体民族，约占全国人口的92%．主要分布在东部和中部。而其他少数民族居住相对分散，主要分布在中国的西南、西北和东北部地区。每个少数民族都有与众不同的特点、悠久的传统文化和独特的风俗习惯。中国政府长久以来一直提倡和发展平等、团结的民族关系，强调各民族共同发展、共同繁荣。 以……而著称be noted /famous for 少数民族ethnic minority; minority ethnic group 人口密集dense population 与众不同的特点distinctive character 疆域辽阔vast territory 独特的风俗习惯unique convention 多民族的国家a multinational country 提倡advocate; propose 汉族the Han Nationality 强调highlight; emphasize 分布distribute China is noted for its dense population and vast territory. As a multinational country, China is home to 56 ethnic groups with a total population of about l.4 billion The Han Nationality is the majority, accounting for 92% 0f the total population which distributes mainly in the east and middle of China; while the ethnic minorities dwell extensively all over China distributing mainly in the southwest, the northwest and the northeast. Each of the minority ethnic groups has a distinctive character, long traditional culture and unique conventions. Chinese government has long been advocating and developing an equal and united ethnic relationship, highlighting the common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups. Passage 3 中国桥梁 中国的桥梁建设有着悠久的历史中国古代桥梁以木材和石头为主要建筑材料，形式多样，极富特色。中国现存最古老的桥梁为隋代建造的安济桥，位于河北省赵县安济桥又名赵州桥，桥长50.82关，桥宽9米，为国家重点保护的文物(cultural relic). 清朝末年，兰州黄河铁桥建成，标志着中国桥梁建设进入了以钢铁和混凝土( concrete)为主要材料的时期：如今，中国的桥梁建设保持着多项世界记录，中国跻身于世界桥梁建设强国行列. 桥梁建设bridge construction/building 末年late years; last years: final years 有着悠久的历史boast/have a long history 进入了……的时期step into an era of___ 形式多样vary in forms 世界记录world record

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1. alter ['?:lt?] v. 改变，改动，变更 2. burst [b?:st] vi. n. 突然发生，爆裂 3. dispose [dis'p?uz] vi. 除掉；处置；解决； 4. blast [blɑ:st] n. 爆炸；气流vi. 炸，炸掉 5. consume v. 消耗，耗尽 6. split [split]v. 劈开；割裂；分裂a.裂开的 7. spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃 8. spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出 9. slip v. 滑动，滑落；忽略 10. slide v. 滑动，滑落n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片 11. bacteria [b?k'ti?ri?]n. 细菌 12. breed[bri:d] n. 种，品种v. 繁殖，产仔 13. budget ['b?d?it]n. 预算v. 编预算，作安排 14. candidate['k?ndideit] n. 候选人 15. campus['k?mp?s] n. 校园 16. liberal['lib?r?l] a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的 17. transform v. 转变，变革；变换 18. transmit v. 传播，播送；传递 19. transplant v. 移植 20. transport vat. 运输，运送n. 运输，运输工具 21. shift v. 转移；转动；转变 22. vary['v??ri] v. 变化，改变；使多样化 23. vanish['v?ni?] vi. 消灭，不见 24. swallow['sw?l?u] v. 吞下，咽下n. 燕子 25. suspicion[s?s'pi??n] n. 怀疑，疑心 26. suspicious[s?s'pi??s] a. 怀疑的，可疑的 27. mild[maild]a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的 28. tender['tend?] a. 温柔的；脆弱的 29. nuisance['nju:sns] n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的 人或事物） 30. insignificant[,insig'nifik?nt] a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的 31. accelerate[?k'sel?reit] vt. 加速，促进 32. absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的 33. boundary['baund?ri] n. 分界线，边界 34. brake n. 刹车，制动器v. 刹住（车） 35. catalog['k?t?l?g] n. 目录（册）v. 编目 36. vague[veig] a. 模糊的，不明确的 37. vain n. 徒劳，白费 38. extinct[iks'ti?kt] a. 绝灭的，熄灭的 39. extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的 40. extreme[iks'tri:m]a. 极度的，极端的n. 极 端，过分 41. agent n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因 42. alcohol['?lk?h?l] n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精 43. appeal n. /vi. 呼吁，恳求 44. appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏 45. approve v. 赞成，同意，批准 46. stimulate['stimjuleit] vt. 刺激，激励 47. acquire vt. 取得，获得；学到 48.accomplish vt .完成，到达；实行 49. network n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络 50. tide n. 潮汐；潮流 51. tidy ['taidi]a. 整洁的，整齐的 52. trace[treis] vt. 追踪，找到n. 痕迹，踪迹

大学英语四六级翻译真题练习

201112CET6 82. You shouldn’t have run across the road without looking. You (也许会被车撞倒的). 83. By no means (他把自己当成专家) although he knows a lot about the field. 84. He doesn’t appreciate the sacrifice his friends have made for him, (把他们所做的视作理所当然). 85. Janet told me that she would rather her mother (不干涉她的婚姻). interfere in干涉interfere with 阻挠intervene intervention干预86. To keep up with the expanding frontiers of scholarship, Edward Wilson found himself (经常上网查找信息). 201106CET 82. Even though they were already late,(宁愿停下来欣赏美丽的景色) than just go on. 83. No agreement was reached in the discussion between the two parties, as (任何一方都不肯放弃自己的立场). 84. The pills (本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的), but he didn’t follow the doctor’s advice and take them regularly. 85. It is (你真好，给了我那么多帮助); I really feel obliged to you. 86. The war left the family scattered all over the world, and it was thirty years (他们才得以重聚). 201012CET6

英语六级翻译技巧新

翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。六级长度为180-200字。把这段180-200汉字翻译成英文是需要一定步骤的，我们一起来看一下：做题步骤和时间分配： ?1. 通读全段，逐句标号。 –标出难词等。2分钟。 ?2. 处理原文，梳理逻辑。 –正确断句、合句、找准主语。3分钟 ?3. 逐句翻译，快速草稿。15分钟。 ?4. 调整加工，定稿誊抄。复查 –检查有无漏译、错译;检查语言是否通顺。8分钟。 了解完了翻译步骤，我们一起来看一下六级翻译的要点及方法： 翻译，就是对语言表层背后，深层思维差异的处理。很多同学在翻译时容易犯逐字翻译的错误，其实翻译是意思的传递，所以保证原文的意思不变是最重要的。 大家在翻译词汇选择时要做到以下原则： –“瞻前顾后”：句子前后都要注意，联系前后文选择词汇 –“得意忘形”：翻译最重要的是传达意思，不要过于拘于形式。 总这样说可能过于抽象，下面结合实例为大家讲解一些翻译技巧： 翻译时最主要的精力不是放在最难的句子，要放在最前面的句子。全段6-7句话。前两句一般难度最低，但在评分中最为重要。 ?首句(或首句+次句)：破题/下定义 –主语+谓语+宾语【S-V-O】 –主语+系语+表语【S-V-P】 –主语+谓语+双宾语【S-V-oO】 –主语+谓语+复合宾语【S-V-OC】 –主语+谓语【SV】 牢记基本句型，因为：中英文此处一致! 【翻译技巧】汉译英时，如是单句，应首先确定主谓主干;如是复杂的句子或长句，则需要确立信息重心。这是英译的第一步，也是正确译文的基础。 ?确定主谓 【翻译技巧】将中文主语的“开放”，想办法变成英文的“封闭”。

大学英语四六级翻译练习题

1.Historically, city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization. 2.Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. 3.Federally funded training and free back-to-school programs for laid-off workers are under way, but few experts believe they will be able to keep up with the pace of the new technology. 4.From agreement on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals, and from there to total inaction. 5.This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yield 6.But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved. 7.Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and environmental advantages that whites enjoy. 8.In spite of the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Prof. White persisted in his research. 9.Nobody knows for sure, but most experts think it will soon be difficult to obtain sufficient electricity from these source. 10.It is the uses to which television is put that determine its value to society. 11.Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listeners to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. 12.But we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very far from being “works of art”. 13.Such teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which denies them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature. 14.There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term (intelligence) than there is on how to interpret or classify them. 15.In the long run, there is not doubt that everybody would be much better off if smoking were banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action. 16.Y oung scientist cannot realize too soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete, certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply. 17.Some people argue that now that women claim, they no longer need to be treated differently from men. 18.He (TV viewer) is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort on his part. 19.Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 20.In our travels, we did not find the power of women as pervasive in the communes as in the cities.