英国文学史期末复习重点总结
English Literature
Review
Types of questions
●Ⅰ. Choose from the given choices the correct one. (2’X15=30’)
●Ⅱ. Define the following terms. (10’X3=30’)
●Ⅲ. III. Answer one of the following questions. (20’X1=20’)
●Ⅳ. Write no less than 100 words on one of the following topics in English. (20’
X1=20’)
What we’ve learned?
Beowulf
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
●The Anglo-Saxon Period
●The Anglo-Norman Period
●The 14th century
●The Renaissance
●The 17th century
●The 18th century
●The 19th century
●The 20th century
Geoffrey Chaucer
William Shakespeare
4 Johns: John Milton & John Bunyan
Neo-classicism; Realistic Novel; Sentimentalism，Pre-romanticism
Romanticism; Critical Realism
Stream of Consciousness
Anglo-Saxon 449-1066
●Three pagan Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, from Denmark and northern Germany came
around 450---600 AD
●England’s natinal epic:
●The song of Beowulf
●Alliteration is a device with certain accented words in a line beginning with the same
consonant sound.
●p3
Anglo-Norman Period
●1066, The Norman Conquest
● the battle of Hastings
● William, Duke of Normandy win
● P17-18
●Metrical Romance:
●the culmination of the Arthurian romances
●Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Geoffrey Chaucer
●The Middle Class Author
●“Father of English poetry”: Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed
stanzas---heroic couplet.
●heroic couplet: is a rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter.
●Forerunner of English Renaissance and humanism
●The founder of English realism/ The first realistic writer
●first to be buried in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey
●The Canterbury Tales p43-45
English Renaissance
(1520s---1620s) P67
●Poet: Thomas Wyatt, Edmund Spenser
●Thomas Wyatt was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.
●Edmund Spenser: (epic) The Fairy Queen
●Essayist: Francis Bacon
●Playwright: Christopher Marlowe
●William Shakespeare
●Christopher Marlowe is the greatest o the pioneers of English drama. He
makes blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.f
●P67-68
The Renaissance and humanism
●was an intellectual movement. It sprang from first in Italy in the 14th century and
gradually spread all over Europe. Two features are striking. The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature of the Greek and Latin. Another feature is the keen interest in the activities of humanity.
●Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.
● Blank verse is a verse with unrhymed (rhymeless) iambic pentameter.
● Sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter with a carefully
patterned rhyme scheme.
William Shakespeare
●Great comedies: ?
●Great tragedies: ?
●p71-72
●Sonnet 18 p118
The Merchant of Venice
●Great comedies:
● A Midsummer Night’s Dream
●The Merchant of Venice
●As You Like It
●Twelfth Night
●Portia’s characteristics
●Shylock’s characteristics
●Theme
Hamlet
●Great tragedies:
●Hamlet
●Othello
●King Lear
●The Tragedy of Macbeth
●The image of Hamlet
●The Melancholy of Hamlet
The 17th century
●The Period of Revolution：
●the Glorious Revolution in 1688
●P130-131
●Metaphysical poet: John Donne;
●John Milton
●John Bunyan
●John Dryden
John Donne and the Metaphysical Poets
●Metaphysical School:
●They are a school of poets at the beginning of the 17th century, with John
Donne as the founder.
●Their works are generally characterized by mysticism and obscurity in content
and fantasticality and conceit in form.
●They are known for their excessive use of philosophy and deliberate show-off
of their cleverness and learning.
John Dryden (1631-1700)
● A poet, playwright and critic
●The Poet Laureate/ The Laureate
●He established the heroic couplet as one of the principal English verse forms
●The forerunner of the English classicism.
●
John Milton’s works
●Paradise Lost 《失乐园》
●Paradise Regain《复乐园》
●Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》
●It’s all based on the story of the Old Testament
●of the Bible
● a long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse
●Paradise Lost 《失乐园》
● a long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse
●Image of Satan
●Theme
●Bunyan
●The Pilgrim’s Progress
● a religious allegory
●The journey of a man named Christan
The 18th Century :
The Age of Enlightenment
the age of reason
the age of prose
The Enlightenment
●The Enlightenment is a progressive intellectual movement that celebrates reason,
equality, science and human ability to perfect themselves and their society. Literature of the 18th century
●It is an age of prose rather than poetry.
●p166
●Literal trends:
●Neoclassicism:
●The novel:
●Sentimentalism:
●pre-romanticism:
Addison，Steele，Pope
Defoe, Fielding, Smollet, Richardson, Swift
Goldsmith, Sterne, Gray
Blake, Burns
Pope: authority in matters of
literary art;
made heroic couplet
popular in poem writing;
master of satire and heroic couplet
p167
1. Neo-Classicism
★Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order.
-- control literary creation by fixed law and rules (order, logic, restrained emotions and accuracy)
★Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.
2. The 18th century novel p167-168
●Daniel Defoe
●Robinson Crusoe
●Henry Fielding (real founder)
●Tom Jones
●Samuel Richardson: Pamela
●Jonathan Swift (a master of satire)
●Gulliver’s Travels
●Play: Richard Brinsley Sheridan
●The school for scandal
●The significance (theme) of the novel Robinson Crusoe
Jonathan Swift
●works:
●The Battle of the Books 《书的战争》
●The Tale of a Tub 《木桶的故事》
●Gulliver’s Travels 《格列佛游记》
●Lilliput
●Brobdingnag
●The flying island of Laputa
●Houyhnhnms
3. Sentimentalism; Pre-romanticism P169
●Gothic novel
●-- flourished in the last decades
●-- mystery and terror——“novel of horrors”
●Pre-romanticism (poem)
●-- William Blake
●-- Robert Burns
English Romanticism
●begins in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s The Lyrical
Ballads
●ends in 1832 with Walter Scott’s death.
●The French Revolution and the English Industrial Revolution exert great
influence on English Romanticism.
P1-2
Romantic Literature p4
●Poetry:
●Lake poets
●Romantic poets
●(Satanic School)
●
●essays
●Charles Lamb
●novel:
●Walt Scott
●Jane Austen
conservative
Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey
revolutionary
Byron, Shelley, and Keats
Hazlitt, De Quincey, Hunt p132
27 Historical novels
General Features of Romanticism
● 1. An emphasis on subjectivism (feeling, imagination, intuition)
● 2. A love for nature
● 3. A belief in individuality and freedom
● 4. The glorification of the commonplace
● 5. An interest in the past, the unusual, the unfamiliar, the mysterious, the
supernatural…(imagination)
● 6. A feeling of loneliness (dissatisfaction with the reality)
●Romanticism is a revolt against authority and tradition.
Jane Austen (1775-1817)
●Pride and Prejudice (1796)
●Northanger Abbey (1798) 《诺桑觉寺》
●Sense and Sensibility (1811)《理智与情感》
●Emma (1815) 《爱玛》
●Mansfield Park 《曼斯菲尔德公园》
●Persuasion 《好事多磨》
●Different kinds of attitude towards marriage
The 19th century
●Victorian period (1832-1902) Chartism p151
●Critical Realist
●Charles Dickens
●William Makepeace Thackeray
●Charlotte Bronte
●Elizabeth Gaskell
●George Eliot
●poets: Tennyson, Browning, Swinburne p155
●Thomas Hardy
Critical realism
● 1. Criticize
● 2. Sympathy
● 3. humor and satire
● 4. weakness
William Makepeace Thackeray
●1811-1863
● A satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society
●P191 Vanity Fair 《名利场》
George Eliot p.211
●Adam Bede 《亚当·比德》
●The Mill on the Floss 《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》
●Silas Marner 《织工马南传》
Charlotte Bronte
●The Professor 《教授》
●Jane Eyre 《简·爱》
●Shirley 《雪丽》
●Villette 《维洛特》
Emily Bronte
●1818-1848
●Her only novel:
●Wuthering Heights
The 20th Century
●Thomas Hardy
● D. H. Lawrence
●Playwrights:
●Oscar Wilde, “art for art’s sake”p374-376
●G. B. Shaw
●Stream of Consciousness novelist:
●Virginia Woolf
●James Joyce
●The local-colored works are known as “novels of character and environment.”
●1891: Tess of the D’Urbervilles 《德伯家的苔丝》
●1896: Jude the Obscure 《无名的裘德》
●(the last two being the most famous)
Virginia Woolf
a representative of the stream-of-consciousness school P.439
●1925: Mrs. Dalloway 《达洛威夫人》(the 1st completely successful novel in
her new style)
●1927: To the Lighthouse 《到灯塔去》
●1931: The Waves 《浪》
James Joyce P.455
●the founder of the “stream of consciousness”school of novel writing
●Works:
●Masterpiece: 1922: Ulysses 《尤利西斯》
●1916: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 《青年艺术家的画像》
D.H. Lawrence 劳伦斯 P416
The White Peacock 《白孔雀》
Sons and Lovers 《儿子与情人》
The Rainbow 《虹》
Lady Chatterlay’s Lover 《恰泰莱夫人的情人》
Sons and Lovers： Oedipus Complex
He combines psychological analysis and social criticism.
George Bernard Shaw ●1892: Widower’s Houses 《鳏夫的房产》
●1894: Mrs. Warren’s Profession 《华伦夫人的职业》
●1912: Pygmalion 《皮格马利翁》/《卖花女》
●1919: Heartbreak House 《伤心之家》
●1923：Saint Joan《圣女贞德》
●The Nobel Prize
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)[1] (1)
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
英国文学简史期末考试资料
英国文学简史 英美文学史名词翻译 Neoclassicism (新古典主义) Renaissance (文艺复兴) Metaphysical poetry (玄学派诗歌) Classism (古典主义) Enlightenment (启蒙运动) Romanticism (浪漫主义) Byronic Hero (拜伦式英雄) Aestheticism（美学主义） Stream of consciousness (意识流) the Age of Realism (现实主义时期) Naturalism (自然主义) Local Colorist (乡土文学) Imagism (意象主义) The Lost Generation (迷惘的一代) Surrealism (超现实主义) The Beat Generation (垮掉的一代) Metaphysical poets (玄学派诗人）New Criticism (新批评主义) Feminism(女权主义) Hemingway Code Hero (海明威式英雄) Impressionism (印象主义) Post modernity (后现代主义) Realism (现实主义) Allegory (寓言) Romance (传奇) epic(史诗) Blank Verse (无韵诗) Essay (随笔) Masques or Masks (假面剧) Spenserian Stanza (斯宾塞诗节) Three Unities (三一.原则) Meter (格律) Soliloquy (独白) Cavalier poets (骑士派诗人) Elegy (挽歌) . Action/plot (情节) Atmosphere (基调) Epigram (警句) The Heroic Couplet (英雄对偶句) Sentimentalism (感伤主义文学) Aside (旁白) Denouement (戏剧结局) parable (寓言) Genre (流派) Irony (反讽) Satire (讽刺) Lyric (抒情诗) Ode (颂歌) Pastoral (田园诗) Canto (诗章) Lake Poets (湖畔诗人) Image (意象) Dramatic monologue（戏剧独白）Psychological novel (心理小说) Allusion (典故) Protagonist and Antagonist (正面人物与反面人物) Symbolism (象征主义) Existentialism (存在主义) Anti-hero (反面人物) Rhyme (押韵) Round Character (丰满的人物) Flat character (平淡的人物) Oedipus complex (俄狄浦斯情结/蛮母厌父情结) Iambic pentameter (抑扬格五音步) Poetic license (诗的破格) Legend (传说) Myth (神话) Pessimism (悲观主义) Tragicomedy (悲喜剧) Comedy of manners (风俗喜剧) Free Verse (自由体诗歌) Magic realism (魔幻现实主义) Autobiography (自传) Biography (传记) Foot (脚注) Protagonist (正面人物) Psychological Realism (心理现实主义) Setting (背景) Chronicle《编年史》Ballads 民谣 consonant(协调,一致) repetition (反复) repeated initial(开头的)
(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】
英国文学史复习资料大二英语专业必考
一．作家作品连线 1.Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟——The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事)，The Book of The Duchess（公爵夫人之书）、The Parliament of Fowls （百鸟会议）The House of Fame(声誉之堂)、Troilus and Criseyde （特罗勒斯与克丽西德） 2.William Shakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Sonnet The Merchant of Venice，Henry IV， Twelfth Night， King Lear，Macbeth Othello,Winter’s Tale,The Tempest 3.Francis Bacon培根—— Of Marriage and Single Life（论婚姻和单身）, Of Studies,Advancement of Learning,New Atlantis,Essays 4.John Donne邓恩 (Metaphysical poems玄学派诗人)—— Song and Sonnets（歌与十四行诗）The Good-Morrow,Break of Day, Holy Sonnets （圣十四行诗）,At the Round Earth’s Imagined Corners,Below,Death ,Be not Proud,Elegies,On His Mistress,To His Mistress Going to Bed 5.John Milton 弥尔顿—— Paradise Lost（失乐园）、 Paradise Regained（复乐园）Samson Agonistes（力士参孙）,Lycidas(利西达斯），Areopagitica, 6.Daniel Defoe笛福——The Life and strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记）、Captain Singleton(辛格顿船
英国文学史及作品选读
英国文学史及作品选读 （模拟试题二） Ⅰ. Multiple Choice（1′×20=20分） 1．______can be justly termed England’s national epic. A. The Canterbury Tales B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. The Song of Beowulf D. The Romance of the Rose 2. Among of the following dramas, which is one of Shakespeare’s four tragedies? A.Macbeth B.As You Like it C. Twelfth Night D. The Merchant of Venice 3. _______ is called as “ father of English novels” A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Daniel Defoe D.John Donne 4. It was ____who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. A. Thomas Wyatt B. William Shakespeare C. Edmund Spenser D. Christopher Marlowe 5. Absoulute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ____, especially Britain’s sea power was established. A.James I B. Henry VIII C. Queen Elizabeth D. Charles I 6. Hamlet, the most popular of Shakespeare's plays for readers and theater audiences, tells about the story of Hamlet, Prince of _______, and son of the dead king, who seeks revenge for his father’s death. A. England B. Norway C. Scotland D. Denmark 7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong? A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry. B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit. C. John Donne’s poetry is characterized regularity among irregularity D. He never shows positive attitude towards love. 8. Robinson Crosue can be termed as____. A. a self-dependent person B. a person with colonial mind C. an adventuous person D. all of the above 9. Robert Burns is the representative of _____. A. Sentimentalism B. Pre-Romanticism C. Romanticism D. English Renaissance 10. William Blake’s ____ paint a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. A.Poetical Sketches B. The Book of Thel C. Songs of Experience D. Songs of Innocence 11. The notorious “Peterloo Massacre” happened in _____. A. English Romantic period B. English Renaissance C. period of Restoration D. Neo-classical period 12. Lyrical Ballads are made by ____. A. Wordsworth and Shelley B. Wordsworth and Southey C. Wordsworth and Coleridge D. Shelley and Byron 13. According to____, poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates in emotion and recollected in tranquillity.
英国文学史及选读复习9 summary of the Elizabethan age II
Summary of the Age of Elizabeth (II) 1.Shakespeare’s successors. a.Ben Jonson 1573?—1637 His life: son of an educated gentleman who was thrown into prison by Queen Mary, whose property was confiscated. From his mother he received certain strong characteristics. His father died before he was born. His mother married a bricklayer. He may have studied in Cambridge for a short time, but his stepfather soon sent him to learn the bricklayer’s trade. He ran away from this, and went with the English army to fight Spaniards in the Low Countries. There he fought a duel with one of the enemy’s soldiers. He killed the man. Then he became an actor and reviser of old plays. He killed an actor in a duel and only escaped hanging by pleading “benefit of clergy”, but he lost all his poor goods and was branded for life on his left thumb. Jonson’s masques won him royal favor, was made poet laureate. With his great learning, ability and commanding position as poet laureate, he set himself squarely against his contemporaries and the romantic tendency of the age. He fought bravely for two things---- to restore the classic form of the drama and to keep the stage from its downward course. Apparently he failed. Nevertheless his influence lived and grew more powerful till, aided largely by French influence, it resulted in the so-called classicism of the eighteenth century. His work is in strong contrast with that of Shakespeare. Alone he fought against the romantic tendency of the age, and to restore the classic standards. Thus the whole action of his drama usually covers only a few hours, or a single day. He never takes liberties with historical facts, as Shakespeare does, but is accurate to the smallest detail. His dramas abound in classical learning, are carefully and logically constructed, and comedy and tragedy are kept apart, instead of crowding each other as they do in Shakespeare and in life. In one respect his comedies are worthy of careful reading, --- they are intensely realistic, presenting men and women of the time exactly as they were. From a few of Jonson’s scenes we can understand---better than from all the plays of Shakespeare---how men talked and acted during the Age of Elizabeth. His works: His first comedy: Every Man in His Humor is a key to all his dramas. The word “hu mo r” in his age stood for some characteristic whim or quality of society. He gives to his leading character some prominent humor, exaggerates it, as the cartoonist enlarges the most characteristic feature of a face, and so holds it before our attention that all other qualities are lost sight of. It is the first of three satires. Its special aim was to ridicule the humors of the city. The second, Cynthia’s Revels, satirizes the humors of the court; while the third, The Poetaster, the result of a quarrel with his contemporaries, was leveled at the false standards of the poets of the age. Three best known comedies: V olpone= The Fox The Alchemist , The Silent Woman V olpone is a merciless analysis of a man governed by love of money. Alchemist is a study of quackery on one side and of gullibility on the other, founded on the medieval idea of the philosopher’s stone. The Silent Woman is a
《英国文学史》期末考试复习简纲及题型
What to study for the final exam of British literature 1.Get familiar with all of the literary periods in English literature along with their dates and significant events that mark the beginning and the ending of each period. 2.Learn about the main historical events that happened in the Old English period, The Middle English Period, the Renaissance period, the Restoration, Romantic, Victorian and Modern Eras. 3.Know the main authors and their literary works (notes: you don’t have to know the dates when the authors lived or the dates when their literary works were published.) 4.Be able to write a short essay on the following authors or their works: Geoffrey Chaucer, Edmund Spenser, William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, Francis Bacon, Jonathan Swift, Robert Burns, John Dryden, Daniel Defoe, William Wordsworth, Percy Shelley, etc. 5.Be able to understand and define the following terms: Epic, Shakespeare Sonnet, ballad, heroic couplet, Spencerian form, Renaissance (humanism), neoclassicism, Romanticism, critical realism, the Lake Poets, the metaphysical poetry, Luddite movement, Comedy of Manners, soliloquy, ode, Utilitarianism, the Gothic fiction, the Byronic Hero, Aestheticism, stream-of –consciousness, etc. 6.Be able to identify some quotations from…
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