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虚拟语气翻译练习

虚拟语气翻译练习
虚拟语气翻译练习

If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my

friends.

明天要是星期天的话,我就去看望我的朋友。

If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你,我就去试试。

If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. 如果幻想能成为马匹,叫花子都有了坐骑

I would go if they treated me like a slave. 要是他们把我当奴隶对待,我就走。

If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I

would have telephoned you.

如果昨天我知道你的电话号码,我就给你打电话了。

If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone

shopping.

今天早上要是没下雨,我就去买东西了。

The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库,洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。

If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him.

明天如果他在这里的话,我就和他谈谈。If you dropped the glass, it would break.

你要是把杯子掉下来,会打碎的。If she had time, she could help me.

她要是有时间,就会帮我了。If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different

way.

要是我做这项工作,我就会以不同的方式去做。If the headmaster were to come, what would we say

to him

假如校长来了,我们对他说什么呢?Were it necessary, I might go without delay.

如果需要的话,我可以立即去。(= If it were necessary......)

Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.

你要是听了我的建议,就不会考试不及格了。(= If

you had taken my advice......)

Should I have time, I would call on her.

要是有时间,我就去看她。(= If I should have

time......)

If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be

so sleepy now.

如果你昨天不看电视,你现在也就不会这么困了。(从句yesterday说明过去,主句now说明现在)

If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour.

如果他们今天一早就离开家的话,再过半小时他们就该到了。(从句说明过去,主句说明将来。)

If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future.

如果你此刻犹豫不决,你将来会吃苦头的。(从句说

明现在,主句说明将来)

He would not get such a result without your help.

没有你的帮助,他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含

在介词短语without your help中)

But for you, I could not be recovered so soon.

要不是有你,我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中)

This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster.

同样的事,如发生在过去,就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in the past中)

He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.

他一定是去过那儿,否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。(暗含条件是连词or)

She was ill, otherwise she would have been present at the meeting.

她病了,否则的话就会出席会议了。(条件通过连词otherwise/or表示出来If she had not been ill...)

I told him to go there himself, but perhaps I should have gone together with him.

我让他自己去那里,但也许我应该和他一道去。(连Suppose you were in my shoes, what would you do

词but暗示条件)

假若你站在我的立场上,你会怎么办?(用suppose/supposing/providing等词表示if)

To talk with her, you would know she could not hear well.

如果你同她交谈,你就会知道她的听力不好。(动词

不定式带有假设的意思,相当于If you should talk

with her...)

Left to himself, he could not have finished the work.

要是放任他的话,他是不可能完成工作的。(动词的

-ed形式表示条件If he had been left to himself...)

It is important that we (should) work out a study

plan.

重要的是我们要制订出一个学习计划。

It will be better that we (should) meet some other

time.

最好我们在另一个时间见面。

It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song

in English.

有人建议每个学生都要唱一首英文歌曲。

It is demanded that he should leave at once. 要求他立刻离开。

It is strange that he should have failed to see his own

shortcomings.

真奇怪他竟看不到自己的缺点。It is a pity/shame that I should be at school instead of

lying here in hospital.

真可惜,我应当在学校而不是躺在医院里。It is natural that you should forget it first.

你起先记不住是很自然的。

The examination instructor asked that the students

(should) not use a calculator.

考官要求学生不要使用计算器。

The workers demanded that their wages (should) be

raised by 10 percent.

工人们要求增加百分之十的工资。

They requested that he (should) sing a song. 他们要求他唱一首歌。

His silence suggested that he agreed with my

decision.

他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。(暗示)

He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision. 他建议我坚持自己的决定。(建议)

He insists that doing morning exercises does good to

people's health.

他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。(强调)

He insists that he (should) do morning exercises

every day.

他坚持每天都要做早操。(要求)

I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是一只小鸟。

I wish I knew the answer. 我要是知道答案就好了。

I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。

I wish that I had seen her yesterday. 真希望我昨天见过她。

I wish you would stay an hour longer. 我希望你再呆一个小时。

I wish it could stop raining. 但愿雨能停。

The students hope that their football team will win

the game.

学生们希望他们的足球队获胜。(可能实现)

I wish I could see him now. 我希望现在就能看到他。(不可能实现)

My advice is that you (should) practise speaking

English as often as possible

.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。

The demand is that the composition (should) be

written on one side only.

按照要求作文必须单面誊写。

It is my desire that all the members of the family

(should) gather once a year.

我的愿望是所有家庭成员一年团圆一次。

The suggestion that education (should) be reformed

is reasonable.

教育要改革的建议是合理的。

The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child. 这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生孩子一样。(这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子)

I felt as though we had known each other for years. 我感觉我们好像认识多年了。(其实并没有认识多

年)

It looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。(不大可能下雨)

He looks as if he is young. 看样子他好像很年轻。(他就是年轻)

He looks as if he were young. 看样子他好像很年轻。(实际上他不年轻)

Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I

(should) forget.

请你明天再提醒我这件事,以免我忘记。She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should)

forget.

她一再强调这一点免得他忘记。We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to

face for fear that there should be any misunderstanding.

我们开了一个会,面对面谈了这件事,以免发生任何误会.

I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget.

我要把你的电话号码记下来,以免忘记。They worked harder than usual in order that they

could finish the work ahead of time.

为了能提前完成工作,他们比往常更加努力。We will tell you the truth so that you can judge for

yourself.

我把真实情况告诉你,使你能自己作出判断。

Though he (should) fail, there would still be hope. 即使他失败了,仍有一线希望。

I should say the same thing even if he were here. 即使他在这里,我还是要这么说。

Whether he (should) succeed or fail, we shall have to

do our part.

不管他成功还是失败,我们还是要做好自己的事。

However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there

together.

不管雨下得多么大,今晚我们还是要去那里。

No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law. 一个人不论其社会地位如何,在法律面前都是平等的。

It is time that the children went to bed.

到孩子们睡觉的时间了。It is high time that we began the meeting.

正是我们开会的时间了。If only he knew the answer.

他要是知道答案就好了。(用过去时表示现在)If only I could speak several foreign languages!我要是能讲几种外语就好了!(用would/could表示

将来)

If only you had told me the truth before.

要是你以前告诉我真相就好了。(用过去完成时表示

过去)

If only I had known her earlier!

要是我早点儿认识她就好了!= I wish I had known I would rather you left today.

her earlier.

我宁可你今天走。I would prefer he didn't stay here too long.

我倒希望他不要在这儿呆得太久。I would rather I hadn't seen that film yesterday.

我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。I'd rather play tennis than swim.

我宁愿打网球,也不愿游泳。I'd rather not go to the movies.

我宁愿不去看电影。Which would you rather have, tea or coffee

你喜欢喝茶,还是咖啡I'd rather you went home now.

我希望你现在就回家。I would rather my daughter attended a public school. 我希望我的女儿能上公立学校。

Long live the People's Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁!

May you be happy! 祝您快乐!

God bless you! 上帝保佑你!

Success attend you! 祝你成功!

The Lord save us! 愿主救我们!

You could answer this email for me.

你可以替我回这个电子邮件。Could you leave me your telephone number and

address

你能将电话号码和地址留给我吗?Would you mind opening the window

劳驾把窗子打开,好吗?You might as well put off the discussion till next

week.

你们不妨把讨论推迟到下个星期。

高中英语语法虚拟语气教学设计

高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码:[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

高中英语语法虚拟语气教学:The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课,授课内容为虚拟语气,授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评,大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习,学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识,复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如:I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等,并学习新的表达形式如:The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是,学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后,要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一,多数学生感到费解,因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用,并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式,有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1.知识与技能 1)复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型: I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式,尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句,掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达,特别是主句与从句时态的呈现;还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词,如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3)培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2.过程与方法 1)引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中,开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。

翻译之虚拟语气

虚拟语气 第一种: 由“ if ”引导的虚拟句子 (1). 与现在的事实相反 [If --- + 过去式(be一般用were)---, --- + would do---] If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。 (2). 与过去的事实相反 [If --- + had +过去分词---, --- +would have done---] If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。(3). 与将来的事实可能相反 [If ---+ should +动原/wereto+动原/过去式---, ---+ would do---] If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办? 【真题】Linda __________________________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件);otherwise, she would have replied.(2011,12) Couldn’t have received my email 【真题】You would not have failed if you _______________________________(按照我的指令去做).(2009,12) You had followed my orders. 解析:考点是虚拟语气。 【真题】If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary______________________________________ (就不会被大雨淋湿了). wouldn’t have been caught in the heavy rain . 解析:考点是虚拟语气、词汇。 【真题】If the reaction were to take place,____________________released.(巨大的能量就会被释放出来) Tremendous amounts of energy would 第二种: 用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中 从句谓语形式为 “---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。 类似用法的动词有 insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。 【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。 参考答案:we hand in our research report(s) 【真题】They requested that_______________(我借的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.【2010,12】books I borrowed (should)be returned to the library / I (should)return the book I borrowed to the library 解析:①request的用法。request v. 要求;当request表示“要求”时,引导的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气,即(should)+ 动词原形。②定语从句。“我借的书”,the book (that)I borrowed;③单词的拼写。归还return,借borrow,图书馆library ④本题提供了两个版本的答案,但在表示“规定,规则”时,被动语态更为常用。 第三种: 用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---(should)do sth”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中。 第四种:混合时间虚拟语气(主要是抓住时间状语) (对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟) If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.

虚拟语气和倒装

Subjunctive mood (1) Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission. (Line 5) (2) If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way. (Line12) If the human population had not increased so rapidly, people would have had more space and freedom. (Line 23) (3) If the caged lion, for example, were free to wander on the grassy plains of Africa, it would be continually active, ranging over long distances, hunting in family groups. (Line 15) 此三类句子体现了虚拟语气的三种时态变化。 (1)第1句中“should a fight follow”是表示将来情况的虚拟语气,意思为“if a fight should follow”,句中省略了“if”,将“should”提前,构成倒装,表示“万一,一旦”的意思。值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虚拟语气。 (2) 第二部分这两句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。这类句子,从句用“had +动词过去分词”,主句用“would/should/could/might + have + 动词过去分词”。 (3) 第3句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用“did/were”,主句用“would/should/could/ might + 动词原型”。 虚拟语气专项复习: A.虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况: if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例:If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。 If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。 If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱)If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:学习不用功)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例:If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。 If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 ①if+主语+did/should/were to do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ② if+主语+did/be(were)+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ③if+主语+should+do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例:If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。 If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作不是同时发生时, ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 如:If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了

英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结

虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例: If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低),they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注: 虚拟语气,条件状从倒装 状语从句中,去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如:If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外,without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中,也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及,publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.(表示可能性小)

最新虚拟语气翻译练习(教师版)

If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的话,我就去看望我的朋友。 If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你,我就去试试。 If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. 如果幻想能成为马匹,叫花子都有了坐骑 I would go if they treated me like a slave. 要是他们把我当奴隶对待,我就走。 If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码,我就给你打电话了。 If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是没下雨,我就去买东西了。 The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库,洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。 If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. 明天如果他在这里的话,我就和他谈谈。 If you dropped the glass, it would break. 你要是把杯子掉下来,会打碎的。 If she had time, she could help me. 她要是有时间,就会帮我了。 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作,我就会以不同的方式去做。 If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him 假如校长来了,我们对他说什么呢? Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的话,我可以立即去。(= If it were necessary......) Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是听了我的建议,就不会考试不及格了。(= If you had taken my advice......) Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有时间,我就去看她。(= If I should have time......) If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看电视,你现在也就不会这么困了。(从句yesterday说明过去,主句now说明现在)If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他们今天一早就离开家的话,再过半小时他们就该到了。(从句说明过去,主句说明将来。) If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. 如果你此刻犹豫不决,你将来会吃苦头的。(从句说明现在,主句说明将来) He would not get such a result without your help. 没有你的帮助,他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含在介词短语without your help中) But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你,我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中) This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster. 同样的事,如发生在过去,就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in the past中) He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.

高中英语语法(虚拟语气)

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虚拟语气翻译练习

If sb had done sth ( 对过去虚拟) 1.如果昨天我知道你的电话号码 2.倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库 3.你要是听了我的建议 4.如果你昨天不看电视 5.如果他们今天一早就离开家的话 6.今天早上要是没下雨 If sb did/ were sth (对现在虚拟) 1,。我要是你 2.她要是有时间 3.如果需要的话 If sb should do(万一) /were to do (打算) / did sth (对将来虚拟) 1.明天如果他在这里的话 2.明天要是星期天的话 3.要是他们把我当奴隶对待 4.你要是把杯子掉下来 5.如果幻想能成为马匹 6.要是我做这项工作 7.假如校长来了 Sb would/ should/ could / might have done sth 某人就会/ 应该/ 能够 / 可能做了。。。(过去) 1 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码,我就给你打电话了。 2 今天早上要是没下雨,我就去买东西了。 3 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库,洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。 4 你要是听了我的建议,就不会考试不及格了。 Sb would/ should/ could / might do/ be doing sth 某人就会/ 应该/ 能够 / 可能做/在做。。。(现在、将来) 1 如果你昨天不看电视,你现在也就不会这么困了。 2 明天要是星期天的话,我就去看望我的朋友。 3 我要是你,我就去试试。 4 如果幻想能成为马匹,叫花子都有了坐骑

5 要是他们把我当奴隶对待,我就走。 综合练习 一、翻译下列条件句,并改为倒装结构 1.明天如果他在这里的话,我就和他谈谈。 2.你要是把杯子掉下来,会打碎的。 3.她要是有时间,就会帮我了。 4.要是我做这项工作,我就会以不同的方式去做。 5.假如校长来了,我们对他说什么呢 6.如果需要的话,我可以立即去。 7.要是有时间,我就去看她。 8.如果他们今天一早就离开家的话,再过半小时他们就该到了。 9.如果你此刻犹豫不决,你将来会吃苦头的。 10.要不是由于你的粗心大意,我们就赢了比赛了 11.要不是因为即将到来的考试,我今天晚上就和你一起去晚会。 二、请用所给词翻译下列句子 1.没有你的帮助,他就不会有今天的成果。(without) 2.要不是有你,我就不会恢复得这么快。(But for) 3.他一定是去过那儿,否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。(or) 4.她病了,否则的话就会出席会议了。(otherwise) 5.我让他自己去那里,但也许我应该和他一道去。(but) 6.假若你站在我的立场上,你会怎么办(suppose/supposing/providing) 三、特殊词练习 1. wish 1.但愿我是一只小鸟。 2.我要是知道答案就好了。 3.那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。

虚拟语气翻译练习

虚拟语气翻译练习 1.假如你得了一万美金,必须在一天内花掉,你会怎么做呢? 2.如果我是她,我宁愿死了也不嫁给他。 3.假如没有电,生活会是什么样子呢? 4.昨晚如果她来了,问题就解决了。 5.即使你告诉了我她是谁,我也认不出她来。 6.假如当初他接受运动员的训练,早就闻名世界了。 7.如果明天不考试,我就和你一起去看电影。 8.如果湛江下雪,那可是新闻头条啊。 9.如果你没有背叛过我,也许我们现在还是很好的朋友。 10.如果你将来嫁有钱人,那我都成百万富翁了。 11.要不是英语考试,上周六我就去听音乐会了。 12.难道你不该开始认真对待生活了吗? 13.你很自私,你的该意识到自己并不是世界上最重要的人。 答案: 1.If you had ten thousand dallors,what would you do if you had to spend it in a day? 2.If I were you, I would die rather than marrying him. 3.If we had no electricity, what life would be? 4.If he had come yesterday, the problems might have been solved. 5.I should not have recognized her even if you had told me her name. 6.If he had been trained as an athlete, he would have been word famous long ago. 7.If we shouldn’t take the exam tomorrow, I would go with you to the movie. 8.If it were to snow in Zhanjing, it would be the headline of the newspaper. 9.If you hadn’t turned your back on me( betrayed me), we were still friends maybe. 10.If you should marry a rich man in future, I would be a millionior. 11.But for the Enlish examination, I would have gone to the concert last Saturday. 12.Isn’t it about time you started taking life seriously? 13.You’re selfish. It’s high time you realized that you are not the most important person in the world.

大学英语语法-虚拟语气

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虚拟语气翻译

虚拟语气翻译 If 条件句 1.与现在事实相反 从句:动词过去式(be 动词多用were) 主句:would/should/could/might+动词原形 If I were you, I should accept the invitation. If I had time, I would go there. 2.与过去事实相反 从句:had+过去分词 主句:would/should/could/might + have done If you had come earlier, you couldn’t have missed the bus. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 3.与将来事实相反 从句:should+动词原形 were to+动词原形 动词过去式(be 动词多用were)+ 将来时间状语 主句:would/should/could/might+动词原形 If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass, it would break. 4.混合时间条件句与主句 If you had reviewed the lesson, you would answer the question now. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. If I were you, I would have gone home. 5.条件句与主句的省略 I would /should have it, but I was too busy then. I was surprised that you didn’t like this job, you could have done it better. 6. 含蓄条件句与主句 without=but for代替if从句 Without your help, we wouldn’t have made such great progress. = if there had been no help from you, we wouldn’t have made such great progress. Without air, there would be no living things. 6.as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法 表现在:从句用过去式(be 动词多用were) 表将来:从句would/should/could/might+动词原形 表过去:从句had done The man speaks as if he were a foreigner. The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times. They talked as if they had been good friends for years. 7.wish宾语从句中的用法

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虚拟语气在非真实条件句中

①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为错综时间条件句,动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如: If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首,变成倒装句式。如:If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点,你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话,我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如: What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100万元,你会做什么? We couldn?t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we

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虚拟语气 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。 应用条件 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气。 在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。 例: If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点,他将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的,他会要求我讲故事。(真实)If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你,我马上就会去。(非真实,虚拟语气)If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气,人就会死亡。(非真实,虚拟语气) 用法及动词形式

例句: 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况:例: 1. If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你) I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道) there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水) I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱) he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:没有努力) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况例:1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了) he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话) 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测,与将来事实相反例: he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小) there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:不知能否下雪) she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如:If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:If he

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要是将来我有钱了,我一定回来娶你。 If I were rich one day, I would marry you. →Were I rich one day, I … If I should be rich one day, I would marry you. →Should I be rich one day, I … If I were to be rich one day, I would marry you. →Were I to be rich one day, I … (If I am rich one day, I will marry you.) 1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。 1) If places ______ a like, there would be little need for geographers. A. being B. are C. be D. were 2) If I _____ the meaning of the word, I wouldn't have to look it up. A. know B. knew C. known D. knowing 2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。 例:1995年6月四级第46题 We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him, A) would have telephoned B) must have telephoned C) would telephone D) had telephoned 3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。 2

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