新编大学基础英语综合教程4教案unit 5

Lesson 1 Hitting the Headlines

Learning Objectives:

1. Discussing newspaper headlines and matching to photos.

2. Matching stories to headlines.

3. Reading news stories for detail.

4. Listening to news reports for detail.

5. Revising & practising passive constructions.

6. Writing and presenting a news report..

Speaking

1. Work in pairs. Look at the sentences (1–5) and discuss these questions.

1) Where do you think they come from?

2) What do you notice about the language used?

(1) Where do you think they come from?

They are all headlines from newspaper stories.

2)What do you notice about the language used?

They use simplified language, e.g. Omitting articles and simplifying tenses. They also use assonance (avalanche agony) and alliteration (Seb the Sailor). Neat, catchy and established phrases (happy ending, perfect alibi) are used to attract the reader.

2. Match the sentences (1–5) to the pictures (a–e).

Reading: Lexical preparation

(1) accuse: v. (accuse sb. of sth.) : to say that sb. has done sth. wrong or is guilty of sth.

e.g. The government was accused of incompetence.

2) charge: v. (charge sb. with sth./ with doing sth.): to accuse sb formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in a court of law

e.g. He was charged with murder.

3) convict: v. [often passive] (convict sb. of sth.): to decide and state officially in a court of law that sb. is guilty of a crime

e.g. He was convicted of fraud.

4) allege: v. [often passive] (formal) to state sth. as a fact but without giving proof (It is alleged that…)

e.g. —It is alleged that he mistreated the prisoners.

—He is alleged to have mistreated the prisoners.

5) chance: [U] the way that some things happen without any cause that you can see or understand (by chance)

e.g. I met her by chance (=without planning to) at the airport.

6) impress: v. (formal) to have a great effect on sth., esp. sb’s mind, imagination, etc. (impress sth. / itself on sth.)

7) catch up with sb. :

①if the police or authorities catch up with sb., they find and punish them after some time

e.g. The law caught up with him years later when he had moved to Spain.

②to reach sb. who is ahead by going faster or reach the same level or standard as sb. who was better or more advanced

e.g. He had to work hard to catch up with the others after missing a term through illness.

8) be / get caught up in sth. : to become involved in sth., especially when you do not want to be

e.g. Innocent passers-by got caught up in the riot.

9) attempt: n. an act of trying to do sth., especially sth. difficult, often with no success

(in an attempt to do)

(make an attempt to do)

Reading

1. Match the first lines of each news story below (a–e) to the full stories (i–v). What do all the first lines have in common?

a) A Mafia hitman who was believed to have been responsible for ...

b) A British climber made an extraordinary journey ...

c) A Japanese man drove his car through a train station ...

d) A man has been jailed for three years ...

e) A 15-year-old boy from Cowes has become the youngest person ...

What do all the first lines have in common?

a) A Mafia hitman who was believed to have been responsible for ...

b) A British climber made an extraordinary journey ...

c) A Japanese man drove his car through a train station ...

d) A man has been jailed for three years ...

e) A 15-year-old boy from Cowes has become the youngest person ...

The first lines introduce the main character, often with a qualifying adjective —mafia, British, etc.

2. Read the news stories and answer these questions.

1) Why did Graham Burdon post the message?

Because he wanted to get in touch with some old school friends.

2) Why is Torre’s perfect alibi such an “original”one?

Because he confessed to having committed another murder on the same day.

3) How did Seb Clover feel when he arrived?

He felt very tired.

2. Read the news stories and answer these questions.

4) How did Saito try to attract the woman’s attention?

By driving dangerously up stairs and along a corridor in a train station.

5) Why was Trevor Jones lucky to have been found by the Romanian family?

Because the village is usually uninhabited in winter.

3. Discuss these questions with a partner.

1) Which stories are the most humorous?

Stories i, ii and iv.

2) Identify any humorous or ironic touches in these texts.

-- he was busy killing / he couldn't possibly have shot (ii);

-- in a bid to get noticed (iv).

4. Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) 他被判处死刑，其犯罪团伙因杀害20人已受到指控。(accuse)

He was sentenced to death. His gang had been accused of killing 20 people.

2)她曾两次被判诈骗罪。(convict of)

She has twice been convicted of fraud.

3)据说他是被迫签署那份文件的。(It’s alleged that ...)

It’s alleged that he had signed the document under pressure.

4) 他们攀登那座山的一切尝试都失败了。(in an attempt to do)

They failed in all their attempts to climb the mountain.

5) 他的话铭刻在我的记忆里。(impress)

His words impressed themselves on my memory.

2. Listen again and find three incorrect facts in each report.

Story 1: 1) The father, Ian, had challenged his son to sail around the world; 2)

his father beat him by a day, not 12 hours; 3) it took 25 days not 55.

Story 2: 1)Masafumi Saito had just dropped off a friend, not his mother; 2) two

people were injured, not no-one; 3) he is 40 not 20 years old.

Story 3: 1) The murder was 11 years ago, not 15; 2) another man was convicted a

year after it took place, not two years; 3) he died in prison, he is not still there.

3. Discuss these questions with a partner.

1) Why do you think people might be interested in news

2) Do stories like these appear in the news in your country?

Language Focus: Passive constructions

Practice

1. Complete the newspaper story using an appropriate passive form of the verbs in brackets. Compulsive criminal admits to 589 burglaries

A burglar who was jailed for seven years by a London court on Friday for two break-ins has admitted to nearly 600 more. 1) It was reported (report) that Martin Maloney, 22, had concentrated most of his efforts in the capital where 2) _________________ (say)to have carried out up to three burglaries a day. Maloney was sentenced for two separate burglaries, but 3) ______________(think) to have asked for a further 587 to be taken into consideration.

4)_________________________ (suggest) that Mr Maloney was hoping his confession would persuade the judge to give him a lighter sentence.

2. Translate the following sentences into English.

1) 他被公认为是一位专家。

He is known to be an expert.

2)相信汤姆能在两天内返回。

Tom is believed to come back within two days.

3) 据报道，这条河流已经污染了。

It is reported that the river has been polluted.

4) 据说他找到一份好工作。

It is said that he has got a good job.

5) 人们相信这里的生活会得到改善。

It is believed that life here will be improved.

Writing：A news report

1.Work in pairs. Choose one of the other two newspaper stories on pages 61–62 and write a radio report about it. Include two incorrect facts in your report. Remember to use passive constructions where appropriate.

2. Work with another pair. Read your radio reports to each other. As you listen, try to identify the two incorrect facts.

Lesson 2 News to Me

Learning Objectives:

1. Learning expressions for using the internet.

2. Listening to people talking about blogs.

3. Discussing opinions about journalism.

4. Revising ways of expressing preferences about the present, the future and the past.

5. Reading a website about blogging.

6. Discussing blogs.

7. Writing a blog posting.

Vocabulary: Using the Internet

1. Match the two parts of these expressions. You can make more than one combination with some of the verbs.

2. Work in pairs. How often do you do each of these things?

3. What other combinations can you think of with the verbs in Exercise 1.

install an anti-virus program,

download a song ...

-- download a file/a song; -- update a file/software;

-- install a new program;

-- e-mail your contacts …

Listening & Speaking

1. Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.

1) How important is it to keep up with the news? Why?

2) How do you find out about the news (TV, Internet, etc.)?

3) How has the way news is reported changed in recent years?

2. Listen to Kath and Phil talking about blogs and answer the questions.

According to Kath, how have blogs changed in recent years?

They have changed from being online diaries to being almost like small-scale private news agencies.

2) Who is more in favour of traditional journalism?

Phil.

3) What are Kath and Phil’s jobs?

Kath is a doctor and Phil is a journalist.

3. Listen again and say if the following opinions are expressed by Kath (K) or Phil (P).

(1) It is better to read the views of people with first-hand experience of events. K

2) Journalists do not always present the truth in news stories. K

3) It’s preferable to read a report by a professional journalist than one by an amateur. P

4) The true facts about an event should be freely available to everyone. K

5) The majority of people cannot write very well. P

6)Blogs might help journalists decide what to write about. K

4. Work in pairs. Do you agree with these statements? Why? / Why not?

(1) It is better to read the views of people with first-hand experience of events.

2) Journalists do not always present the truth in news stories.

3) It’s preferable to read a report by a professional journalist than one by an amateur.

4) The true facts about an event should be freely available to everyone.

5) The majority of people cannot write very well.

6) Blogs might help journalists decide what to write about.

TAKEAW AY ENGLISH: Talking about preferences

1. Match the beginnings (1–5) and endings (a–e) of these extracts from Kath and Phil’s conversation.

(1) I’d rather ... 2) Wouldn’t you prefer it ...

3) Would [they] rather ... 4) I’d sooner buy ...

5) I’d rather you didn’t ...

(a) a paper than waste time reading something of no interest to anyone (4)

b) mention this conversation to any of them (5)

c) read something written by a trained and experienced journalist (1)

d) if you could read eye-witness reports all the time? (2)

e) be treated by you or by someone with no training ...? (3)

2. Listen to three conversations in which people express preferences. What preferences do the

people have in each case?

1) Woman would prefer to try Japanese food.

2) Woman would prefer to go to the cinema.

3) Woman would prefer it if man went out with her.

3. Listen again. Which of the highlighted expressions (1–5) in Exercise 1 do you hear?

Number them in the order in which you hear them.

1) I’d rather ...

4) I’d sooner buy...

2) Wouldn’t you prefer it ...

5) I’d rather you didn’t ...

(3) Would [they] rather ...

4. Work in pairs. Invent similar conversations in which you each express your preferences for the following situations.

1) Going out for dinner this evening.

2) Having a day out next weekend.

3) Going on holiday next summer.

4) Decorating your classroom.

Reading & Speaking

1. Work in pairs. Answer the following questions.

1) Do you read, or have you ever read, any blogs? What do you like / dislike about them?

2) What determines how successful or popular a blog is? Make a list of factors.

2. Read the article and check if any of the factors you listed in question 2 are mentioned?

3. Read the article again and match the statements to the blogs.

Which blog ...

1) is more serious than it appears to be at first? (2)

2) often expresses more controversial opinions than other blogs in the same field? (3)

3) became very successful in spite of receiving a negative response initially? (1)

4) provides its founder with sufficient income to live on? (4)

5) does not agree with punishing people who download music or films for personal use?

(2)

6) changed the relationship between the media and the web? (1)

4. Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.

1) Why has each blog been so influential?

2) Which of the blogs, if any, would you most like to read? Why?

5. Translate the following sentences into English.

1) 该足球队已晋升为甲级队。(promote)

The football team was promoted to the first division.

2) 现代人对离婚和再婚看得很开。(have a liberal attitude)

Modern people have a liberal attitude to divorce and remarriage.

3) 下雨天我读侦探小说消遣。(amuse)

I amuse myself by reading detective stories on a rainy day.

4) 她的幽默感把他强烈地吸引住了。(appeal)

Her sense of humor appealed to him enormously.

5) 这座城市已经成为世界上最具影响力的城市之一。(influential)

This city has become one of the most influential cities in the world.

Writing: A blog posting

1. Work in pairs. Imagine you are going to start a blog and write a posting for it. Discuss these questions and make notes.

1) What is your blog about?

2) What is it called?

3) What kind of people is it aimed at?

4) How will you make the posting interesting or influential?

5) What information and opinions will you include?

6) How will you organise this information (e.g. headings, bulleted lists ...)?

7) What other blogs and websites can you provide links to?

8) Will you include any extra features (e.g. audio, video, photos)?

2. Work together to write your blog posting in no more than 250 words. Follow the guidelines in Exercise 1.

3. Display your postings around the room. Choose one and write a message in response to it. Pass your message to the bloggers and wait for their response.

Lesson 3 In Black and White

Learning Objectives:

1. Learning vocabulary relating to news and newspapers.

2. Listening to people’s views about the media.

3. Listening for specific information.

4. Expressing opinions about the media.

5. Learning the expression You know what I mean?

6. Revising and practising conjunctions of purpose and reason.

7. Role-play on the role of the press.

8. Song: News of the world.

Vocabulary: News & newspapers

1. Work in pairs. What do you think the following words or expressions mean?

Student A: Turn to page 176. Student B: Turn to page 181.

2. Match the words (1–6) to the pictures (a–f).

(1) Editor (2) viewer (3) reporter (4) cameraman / woman

(5) broadcaster 6) paparazzi

3. Describe these photos. Use the words from Exercises 1 and 2.

Listening

1. Sean, Rosie and Julia work for different newspapers. What ’s the basic issue that all three discuss?

a) political bias in the media

b) media manipulation of facts and images

c) subjectivity and objectivity in the media

2. Who expresses these opinions, Sean (S), Rosie (R) or Julia (J)?

1) The newspaper probably thought no one would notice that the photograph had been changed. J

2) Readers should be given as much freedom as possible to form their own opinions. S

3) It is acceptable to include only part of a photograph in a newspaper. S

4) Technology has changed the way newspapers are put Together. R

5) Newspapers cannot be relied upon to provide people with the truth. R

Speaking

Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.

1. Do you believe everything you read in the newspapers or on news websites? Why? / Why not? 2 Which form of news media is more reliable: TV, newspapers, blogs, etc.? Why?

3 To what extent do you think the media has too much power and influence?

The Real Thing: You know what I mean?

1. Listen to two extracts from Transcript 5.5. What is the function of the highlighted expressions?

The function is to check that the listener understands.

2. Choose the correct ending (a or b) to complete the sentence.

We use (do) you know what I mean ...

a) to show that we do not understand.

b) to check if the listener understands.

3. Listen to two conversations. Which words come after you know wha t ... in each one?

1) I ’m getting at 2) I ’m trying to say

A: Anyway, you’re changing the reality of the scene, you know what I mean? B: ... we just didn’t bother trying, do you know what I mean?

Language Focus: Conjunctions of purpose & reason

Practice

1. Complete the following extracts from news stories using an appropriate conjunction of purpose or reason.

(1) The army has been sent to the area in order to increase security during the national elections.

2) The government has announced it will be increasing taxes ____________________ raise money for health care facilities.

3)Many small shops fear they will soon be forced to close, _______________more and more people are now doing their shopping from home on the Internet.

4) ___________ traffic congestion is minimised while the repairs take place, drivers are advised to find alternative routes.

5) _______________random drugs tests are a normal aspect of modern professional sport, the role of the team doctor in informing players which substances are prohibited is now crucial.

2.Translate the following sentences into English.

1) 他不信任我，因为我是新来的。

He distrusted me because I was new.

2)由于他们的钱不够，他们无法买这座房子。

Since they didn’t have enough money, they couldn’t buy the house.

3) 他借给她500 美元，好让她去度假。

He lent her $500 in order that she might go for a holiday.

(4) 我马上给她打电话，让他别等我了。

I’ll ring him at once so that he shouldn’t wait for me.

5) 为了考入一所好大学，她必须更加用功。

In order to get into a good university, she must study even harder.

Speaking

1. Work in pairs. You have been invited to participate in a televised discussion about the role of the press.

Student A: Turn to page 176. Student B: Turn to page 181.

Follow the instructions and discuss the issue.

Reporters should concentrate on the facts, so that people can form their own

opinions.

It’s OK to make things seem more dramatic, since part of our job is to

entertain people.

2. Discuss these questions.

1) Who had the most convincing arguments?

2) Which of these jobs would you most / least like to have? Why?

Lesson 4 Making the News

Learning Objectives:

1. Reading about a news website.

2. Learning expressions related to news reports and photos.

3. Ordering and understanding a news report.

4. Discussing social-networking sites.

5.Preparing and presenting a news report.

6.Pronunciation: Intonation and emphasis.

Speaking & Reading

1. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions. Look at the photos. What do

you think the people are doing? Why?

2) Have you ever witnessed an important event taking place? What happened?

3) Have you ever been interviewed by a journalist or appeared on the news?

4) Would you like to work as a news reporter? Why? / Why not?

Speaking & Reading: Lexical preparation

(1) witness:

①v. to see sth. happen because you are there when it happens

②n. a person who sees sth. happen and is able to describe it to other people

e.g. She was shocked by the violent scenes she had witnessed.

2) impact:

①n. (impact of sth. on sth. / sb.) the powerful effect that sth. has on sth. / sb.

e.g. The report assesses the impact of Aids on the gay community.

②v. (impact on / upon sth.) to have an effect on sth.

e.g. Her father’s death impacted greatly on her childhood years.

3) perspective:n.

①a particular attitude towards sth.; a way of thinking about sth. (perspective on sth.)

e.g. His experience abroad provides a wider perspective on the problem.

②a view, especially one in which you can see far into the distance

e.g. a perspective of the whole valley

4) issue: n. an important topic that people are discussing or arguing about

(be at issue: to be the most important part of the subject that is being discussed)

v. ①to make sth. known formally

e.g. The police have issued an appeal for witnesses.

②to produce sth. such as a magazine, article, etc.

e.g. We issue a monthly newsletter.

5) go with:

①to be included with or as part of sth.

e.g. A car goes with the job.

②to agree to accept sth., for example a plan or an offer

e.g. You’re offering $500? I think we can go with that.

③to combine well with

e.g. Does this jacket go with this skirt?

2. Read about a website which allows people to send in their own news stories. Match the headings (a–f) to the paragraphs (1–6).

a) How to shoot a photo essay 4

b) Eye witnesses 1

c) Put your ideas into words 5

d) How to submit a picture 3

e) How to contact us 6

f ) Personal perspectives 2

3. Complete the following sentences in your own words.

1) When taking photos, it is important that you don’t ...

2) As well as pictures about news stories, the website also wants to receive ...

3) If photos or videos are relevant to current news stories, the website ...

4) Photos showing more than just background scenes are preferred because ...

5) Photo essays are more interesting if ...

6) When you submit your pictures, you should also send ...

(1) When taking photos, it is important that you don’t ...

…endanger yourself or others, or break any laws

2) As well as pictures about news stories, the website also wants to receive ...

…visual interpretations of local and global issues and photos of daily life.

3) If photos or videos are relevant to current news stories, the website ...

…may show these immediately on their news broadcasts.

4) Photos showing more than just background scenes are preferred because ...

…they add impact.

5) Photo essays are more interesting if ...

…they include basic facts, quotes and descriptions.

6) When you submit your pictures, you should also send

…your name and telephone number.

4. Work in pairs. Find words or phrases in the text which mean the following.

(1) an interesting / important story which hasn’t yet been reported scoop

2) to record / take a picture of capture

3) points or matters for discussion issues

4) (live) reports or news programmes broadcasts

5) pictures taken from a short distance away close-ups

6) a line of text to go with a photograph caption

(7) adapt or remove parts edit

5.Translate the following sentences into English

1) 我希望你们能在期限内交出学期论文。(submit)

I hope you can submit your term papers before the deadline.

2) 你能从山顶上眺望整个公园的景色。(perspective)

From the top of the hill you can get a perspective of the entire park.

3) 争论的焦点是这个行业的总体前景。(at issue)

What’s at issue here is the whole future of the industry.

4) 她的演说对大家震动很大。(impact)

Her speech made a tremendous impact on everyone.

5) 吃鱼最适合喝白葡萄酒。(go with)

White wine goes well with fish.

Listening & Speaking

1. You are going to listen to a report for a radio programme called I Made the News. What sort of programme do you think it is?

2.Listen to the introduction to the report and check your ideas.

3. Work in pairs. Read these extracts from the report and try to predict what problem Colin had.

5.Listen again and answer the questions.

(1) Why did Colin decide to cancel his account with the website?

2) Why have companies started reading about job applicants on the Internet?

3) Why wasn’t Colin able to cancel his account at first?

4) Why was his profile eventually deleted from the site?

5) What was the first excuse the customer services department tried to make?

6) Why didn’t Colin accept this excuse?

7) What other suggestion did customer services make?

8) Why is Colin worried about other young people like him?

1) Why did Colin decide to cancel his account with the website?

He has started applying for jobs and heard that companies were looking up names of applicants on the Internet.

2) Why have companies started reading about job applicants on the Internet?

To find out more personal information. He didn’t receive the confirmation e-mail.

3) Why wasn’t Colin able to cancel his account at first?

He didn’t receive the confirmation e-mail.

4) Why was his profile eventually deleted from the site?

The technology correspondent contacted the customer services department.

5) What was the first excuse the customer services department tried to make?

The e-mail may have gone to his junk folder.

6) Why didn’t Colin accept this excuse?

He checks his junk mail folder every day.

7) What other suggestion did customer services make?

He could change the setting so that no-one can access his page unless he gives them permission. 8) Why is Colin worried about other young people like him?

It is hard to delete personal information which means it will remain online for anyone to see.

6.Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.

(1) Why might social-networking sites make it hard for people to cancel their accounts?

2) Are you a member of a social-networking site? If so, what do you use it for? If not, would you like to be?

3) What are the risks associated with posting personal information on the Internet? What can be done to reduce these risks?

Speaking

Prepare a news report for I Made the News.

1. Think of an interesting or unusual event which has recently affected you or someone you know. Answer these questions.

1) What was the background to the event?

2) Who was involved in it?

3) What were, or might be, the consequences of the event?

4) Why might other people want to hear about it?

2. Work in pairs. Discuss your answers to Exercise 1. Then prepare a news report about one of the events. Follow these guidelines.

decide who will take the role of reporter and interviewee

?decide what questions the reporter is going to ask

?think about how to answer these questions

?plan and practise your report

3. Present your report to the class. Listen to all the reports and decide which one is the most interesting.

Pronunciation: Intonation & emphasis

Correct intonation and rhythm are vital to sounding natural when you speak English. They are determined by:

? Emphasis given to key words, stressed syllables or words.

? Speaker’s mood (how he/she feels) and tone of voice.

? Meaning and intention: what the speaker really wants to

1. Read and listen to the dialogues and answer these questions.

a. What is happening in each situation?

b. What are the speakers’moods?

c. What are the speakers trying to communicate?

a. What is happening in each situation?

1) The people discuss inviting friends for dinner.

2) People are talking in a doctor’s office.

3) A father is telling off his son for coming back home too late.

4) Someone tells somebody else about failing his examinations.

5) Somebody tries to get directions to go to a post office.

6) Somebody is asking somebody else about a trip.

b. What are the speakers’moods?

(1) A is relaxed and enthusiastic, B is tired and reluctant.

2) A is polite and formal, B is polite and apologetic.

3) A is angry, B is annoyed.

4) A is apologetic, B is frustrated, angry and sarcastic.

5) A is polite and relaxed, B is polite and relaxed.

6) A is enthusiastic and excited, B is very enthusiastic and excited.

c. What are the speakers trying to communicate?

1) A is making a suggestion, B is refusing.

2) A is making a polite request, B is apologising.

3) A is giving an order, B is (possibly) refusing.

4) A is giving bad news, B is expressing frustration and anger.

5) A is trying to get some information,

B is providing information.

6) A is asking for an opinion, B is giving an opinion.

大学英语泛读第三版book213.全文翻译

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大学英语泛读教程2【第二版】unit1课文翻译

several nights a week Joseph woke up screaming from the same terrible could never recall his whole dream， only remembered that someone was running after was trying to get away，but in his dream he could not move。he continued having this nightmare for months。he was so tired in the morning that it was hard for him to go to work。Joseph，you see，is not a frightened child，but a grown man。 Milton Kramer is a psychiatrist and dream researcher Cincinnati， believes that it is very important that people don't ignore their dreams，because they are messages from our sleeping Kramer studied dreams and dreamers，he found that people wake up feeling very discouraged after they have a bad also found that after having a good dream，people feel more ,dreams can have harmful or beneficial a result,Kramer believes that we need to learn how to change our bad we understand what happened in our dreams,we can change negative，hurtful dreams to positive，helpful ones。 Before we can begin to change a nightmare，however，we first have to remember what happened in our say there are many ways to do can keep a journal or diary of what we do when we are awake. Then，before going to sleep，we can review our practice helps us to stay in we wake up，we should lie still while we try to remember our researchers say that by staying in the same sleeping positive，we are more likely to recall the should also try to remember an important word or picture from the image makes the rest of the dream easier to longer we sleep，the longer and more complex our dreams will be. Cartwright is a dream researcher， has developed another dream therapy for changing to ,dream therapy involves four simple steps you can learn on your first step is to recognize when you are having a bad dream that will make you feel helpless or upset the next second step is to identify what it is about the dream that makes you feel bad-for example，weak instead of strong，or out of control instead of in control. Next，stop any bad do not have to continue your bad dream，because you are in last step is to change the negative part of the you may have to wake yourself up and change the dream before you return to times it is possible to change the dream while you are still asleep. By using dream therapy，Joseph was able to change his ,his bad dreams stopped

英语泛读教程3第三册Unit4课文翻译

寻找可以依靠的坚实臂膀 在美国，越来越多的老人独居。他们生病时处境通常显得很悲惨。简·格罗斯在下面的文章中指出这些老年人的问题。 每次人们在医生办公室给格雷斯·麦凯比递来一份紧急情况联系人表格时，空格处总令她心中发怵。对任何有配偶、伴侣或子女的人来说，这是个很简单的问题。但是，75岁的麦凯比女士一直独居。谁能和她一起渡过难关?情况最糟糕的时候，谁会关心她? 这些曾是假设的问题。但是现在，麦凯比女士视力越来越差，几乎完全看不见。她一直有很多朋友，但从没请过谁为她负起责任，比如，接急诊室半夜来的电话，或因为她自己不能写支票而帮助付账单。 她在所有的朋友中，选定了一个心地善良、遇事不慌、有解决问题能力的人。所以，她多次在空白处写止“夏洛特·弗兰克”，然后打电话说，“夏洛特，又把您写在单子上了，”于是，紧张时刻得到缓解。 麦凯比女士被一个鲁莽的司机撞倒在人行横道上，得了脑震荡，这时，年龄70岁，自己也独居的弗兰克女士在起居室长沙发上守了一夜。麦凯比女士再也看不清标)隹字体时，弗兰克女士给她弄了一台电脑，把字体设置到最大，这样，她就能读报纸，从商品单定购货物。 “你会发现，有些好朋友成了至交，”麦凯比女士说，“夏洛克既实际又形象地告诉我要，抓住不放，我这样做了。” 无法统计出不同年龄生病或有残疾的独居者的数字，医院安排出院的人和家庭健康照料机构说，他们服务的明显无人照顾的独居者越来越多。 人口调查报告中，单人家庭，包括从未结婚者、离婚者和丧偶者，其数目明显增加。2003年，近27％ 的美国家庭由独居者组成，高于1970年的18％，这些家庭注重的是不具有亲属的法律地位或社会地位的友谊。人口统计学家警告说，生育高峰期出生的人老年化，疾病和残疾成为老年不可避免的必然结果，这将使独居者家庭队伍壮大。 美国医院协会资深副会长詹姆斯·本特利说，独居者属于最棘手的情况。他说，任何病人或残疾人，在医院里和出院后都“需要有人负责照料他们”，但独居者在特别脆弱的时候，却是自己照料自己。 “病人不能同时想着两种角色，”他说，“但我们还没有一个好的机制来处理这个问题。” 医院里短期停留的病人增加，有时让不能自理的病人回家，这就使情况更糟。本特利先生说，医院必须找些新方法，让这类病人对面临的问题有所准备，并说独居者必须“在生病之前想一想”自己有哪些组织起来的关系网可以访问。 他说，“如果我们等到出生高峰时期出生的人需要这些的时候才来考虑，因为他们人数太多，没有办法特别处理，这是我们现在就要思考的问题，否则，到时候绝对会一团糟。”

英语专升本综合教程Unit5教案

Unit Five Following Fashion Teaching Objective 1. Teach Ss some useful words about fashion and guide them in talking about fashion. Through teacher-student interactive class-activities, develop Ss'ability to express correctly the style and trend in the fashion world. 2. Help Ss well understand the two texts and learn to use the important words, phrases and sentence patterns in this unit and complete the text-related exercises correctly. 3. Teach Ss how to write English Ads, and ask them to pay attention to the differences between Chinese Ads and English Ads so that they may not make mistakes in writing English Ads. 4. Help Ss review English word formation (suffixes: -ence / -ance / -ancy / ency) and English grammar (adverbial clauses). Section A Listening and Speaking Listening Comprehension Part 1 Who designed these fashionable goods? Part 2 Who is Coco Chanel? Part 3 The story of Coco Chanel. Part 4 A fashion show. Part 5 The meaning of -couturier ||in the fashion world. Speaking Practice Sample 1 M: How beautiful are the suits you're wearing! W: Yeah. They were designed by Coco Chanel, and I'm very happy to have this chance to show them to my audience.

英语泛读教程3第三册课文翻译UNIT12

UNIT12 你为何如此聪明？ 卡伦·赖特 科学家们正在试图寻找可能管理着智力的“聪明”基因。但是智力基因能被用来测定遗传的智商吗？与生俱来的基因在多大程度上与智商有关系？下面的文章将告诉我们在这个问题上的 最新研究。 这是经济和社会成功最为重要的预测者之一。它帮助决定你在哪儿工作，在哪儿生活，和谁结婚，是否会离婚，是否会未婚生子，是否会有牢狱之灾。它可以被非常精确地测算，一生中很 少变化。它受你的基因的重大影响。 真是如此吗？ 当讨论说的是人类智能时，你不必太费力就能够找到论据。自从英国心理学家查尔斯·斯皮尔曼提出一种单个的综合智力管理着认知行为的许多方面的主张，一个世纪以来，科学家们和社会已对智力进行了长期而不断的争论：它是什么，作用是什么，谁拥有它，如何改进它，如何测算它，以及如何最好地解释和利用测算方式。 最近，由1994年出版的书《钟形曲线》所引发的争议,再次引起了人们对先天禀性和后天培育这个问题的争论：智力是可训练的还是遗传不变的？人类的思想是天生的还是创造出来的？经过几十年的研究，绝大多数智力科学家的结论是，两者兼而有之，分量大致均等。 因此，某处某人会开始寻找“聪明”基因，也许是不可避免的，。那个“某人”就是罗伯特·普洛明，一个从事智力研究已有25年之久的有经验的专家，他目前在伦敦的精神病学学院工作。去年，普洛明公开了一个基因与高智商相联系的第一个证据。今年，他又宣布发现了三个聪明基因的位置。在此后的几个月里，他期望发现至少两打最为重要的智力遗传决定因素。他的工作已经引起了和认知器管打交道的DNA医生的想象――以及不安。"我知道，没有别的人会发疯，以至来做这件事情，”他说。 普洛明的探索，是行为遗传学领域中最为大胆的探索之一。行为遗传学是一门致力于发现影响人类行为的遗传因素的学科。其中一项研究是通过比较双胞胎儿一起喂养和分开喂养的情况，来发现影响人类行为的遗传因素。另外一个办法是比较收养孩子的特征与他们的生父母、养父母及亲兄妹和非亲兄妹的特征相比较。如果进行得顺利，这些研究能决定一种特征的遗传性：在多大程度上个人之间的差异是由于基因的关系，而不是教养，营养，和教育这样的环境因素的作用。一旦一个特征的遗传模式建立起来，研究者们就可以确定有关的基因。 但是当要寻找的基因是聪明基因时，研究就变得复杂起来。一方面，智商测试所测量出来的智力是人类行为中可靠而稳定的部分。一生中它变化甚微，不同的测量往往得出相同的结果。智力也是所知道的精神特征中最能够遗传的：双胞胎和收养儿的研究表明，人们之间百分之三十到七十智商的差异可归因于基因。许多专家，包括普洛明，认为百分之五十是最为可能的数字。（像身高和体重这样的特征的可遗传性能高达百分之九十。） 但智力是一个复杂的现象，它受到数百个甚至数千个基因的控制。因此遗传模式并不明显。任何一个单个智力基因的发现都不可能会有太大的影响，普洛明承认。“任何植物或动物中任何一个复杂的特征，我们都不知道它涉及了多少基因，”他说。但是大多数聪明基因中的任何一个都有可能占不到百分之一的智力遗传性。 科学家们通过使用一条条在染色体上的位置已被精确地分配好了的DNA标记，把基因和特征联系起来。每一个标记的次序可以变化，正如蓝色眼睛的基因与棕色眼睛的基因稍稍有所不同。每个标记的这些不同形式称作对偶基因，与附近不同形式的基因相对应。如果带有一个DNA标记的特定对偶基因的人具有一种特征而不带有该对偶基因的人不具有此特征，那么此特征的基因就可能紧邻着那个标记，甚至与那个标记相同。