研究生英语考试翻译
: Scientists have found that life can survive in boiling pools of toxic water at Yellowstone National Park, something they did not think was possible. The fact that life can thrive in a boiling pool brings up all sorts of ideas about the origins of life. It may be that the first life on earth was in a place more like the hot pools at Yellowstone than in the places humans might consider hospitable.
Scientists used to think life needed just the right mix of warmth,sunlight and air. Now they are found that it grows not just in the hot pools, but also in the perpetual darkness of the ocean floor—even in the frozen arctic. “It now expands our possibilities of where we could look for life .”在黄石国家公园毒水沸腾的池塘中，科学家们发现了生命，这一“意外惊喜”使他们对于生命起源有了各式各样的新想法。也许，地球上第一个生命的诞生地不是什么“宜人”的地方，而是像黄石公园里的池塘这样的“凶险”之地。科学家们习惯认为温度、阳光和空气的适当搭配是生命的必需，但现在他们已经看到生命的踪迹不出不在，从酷热难当的池塘到永恒黑暗的洋底，直至冰封千里的北极地区。专家说，这为我们在宇宙中寻找生命提供了更多的可能。
B:电子邮件使我们会面的时间越来越少。以后可不一定是这样。通过使用一种名为Facemail 的新程序，用户可以让真人大声读出他们的邮件内容。这项程序使电子邮件有了生机，也使我们赋予科技以人性。
E-mail is taking away from face time. It does not have to anymore. A new program called Facemail allows users to have the text of their e-mail read aloud by a virtual person. The program brings e-mail to life and makes us humanize technology as well.
:To the professional anthropologist,there is no superiority of one culture over another,just as to the professional linguist there is no hierachy among languages.
People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage,underdeveloped forms if speech,consisting largely of grunts and it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans,it is a fact established by the study of “backward”language that no spoken tongue answers that description languages of uncivilized groups are ,by most severe standards,extremely complex,delicate,and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which are fully adequate for all languages needs,but only in their vocabularies which reflect the objects and
activities known to their speakers.对人类学专家来说，不存在某一文化优于另一文化，就像对语言学专家来说预言家不存在等级差别。
人们曾经认为落后群体的语言是粗野、未成熟的话语形式，主要是由咕哝呻吟声组成的。但是对“落后”语言研究产生的结论是目前没有哪种语言如上述所描绘的一样，尽管总体来说，语言在开始时是一系列的咕哝和呻吟声。大多数未开化人群的语言，即使以我们最严格的标准衡量，也适用于传递思想的极其复杂、微妙、精巧的载体。他们落后于我们西方语言并不在于语音形式和语法结构方面。其实他们的语音和语法通常完全满足语言表达的需要。落后的是在词汇方面，它们仅能够表达这些语言使用者熟知的物体和活动.
B:从本质上说，翻译就是用一种语言忠实地表达出用另一种语言所学或说的内容。然而，实践证明，不可以把翻译仅仅看成语言学的任务，而应该把它看成是思想交流这一更为广泛领域的一个方面。在遇到复杂的课文时，翻译不仅仅涉及语言的熟练程度，而且还涉及多学科的知识。Translation ,essentially,is the faithful representation,in one language,of what is written or said in another language .However,as proved by practice,translation cannot be viewed as merely linguistic undertaking ,but should be regarded as an aspect of a larger domain ,namely,that of communication .In the case of complex texts ,translation involves not only linguistic proficiency,but also encyclopedic knowledge.
:Scientific research is like an exploration of a voyage of are continually trying out new things that have not been done of them will lead nowhere and you have to try something different,but sometimes an experiment does work and tells you something new ,and then you will have the fun of thinking what this finding will lead to and of deciding what will be the next experiment One of the best things about scientific research is that you are laways doing something different and it is never boring .There are good times when things go well and bad times when they don’t. Some people get discouraged at the difficult times but when having a failure the policy has always been not to worry but to start planning the next experiment,which is always fun.
科学研究就是探索和发现，你不断地尝试以前没有尝试过的新事物。这些尝试中有很多是没有结果的，于是你不得不尝试另外一些不同的事物。有时，尝试是奏效的，并且告诉你某些新东西。然后你就会有兴趣思考所发现的东西将导致什么结果并决定下一次实验应是什么。科学研究最大的乐趣之一就是你总是可以进行一些不同的尝试，它从来不会令人厌倦。事情进展顺利是令人高兴的，事情进展不顺利则令人苦恼。有些人在遇到困难时就泄气。面对失败的做法是从不着急，而是开始设计下一次实验，整个探索的过程都充满了欢乐。
B:世界不会缺少贪婪，但很少有人，或公司或国家能例外。企业、国家总是相互竞争，采用不是那么合法的手段获取优势。随着全球网络的出现，技术扩散至每个人，贪婪来到了那些可能永远也不会犯罪的人旁边。贪婪在各个层面上都起作用，而大多数信息系统存在的薄弱环节则为企图利用这些弱点的人提供了攫取惊人利益的机会。
Greed is in no short supply,and few individuals, businesses, or countries are and governments constantly maneuvered to gain an advantage over each other ,relying on less-than-legal techniques to gain an the Global Network in place ,and the proliferation of technology for everyone ,greed has found its way to people who might otherwise never commit a operates at all levels,and due to the vulnerability of most information systems,provides opportunity to exploit their weaknesses for enormous profits.
4. A:There is a wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitation, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and not feel like a failure for doing so. There is a wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy and survive, can lose someone and be still like a complete person.
When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciate it, we will have achieved a wholeness that others can only aspire to.
That, I believe, is what god asks of us---not “be perfect”, not “don not even make a mistake”, but“be whole.”
人的完整性在于承认自己的缺陷，勇敢地摒弃不现实的幻想而又不以此为缺憾。人性的完整性还在于意识到自己能够使悲剧性的人生继续存在下去，能够在失去亲人后依然表现出完整的个人风范。
当我们承认瑕疵是构成人性的一部分，我们为此不断进行奋斗，并能大大地赞美这样的人生价值时，我们就会获得其他人仅能期盼的完整人生。我相信这就是上帝对我们的要求：不求“完美”，也不求“永不犯错”，而是求得人性的“完整”。
B:生命从来不仅仅是存在。它是一个逐渐变化发展的过程，它无情地流逝着。我们的父母通过我们而延续生命，而我们则通过我们的子女而延续它。我们建立的制度、习俗延续下去，而我们也会通过它们而延续。我们创造的魅力不是因死亡而变得暗淡。我们的肉体可能会消亡，我们的双手将干枯，但是人们用美丽、善良和正直所创造的一切将永葆生机。
Life is never just being. It is a becoming, a relentless flowing on. Our parents live on through us, and we will live on through our children. The institutions we build endure, and we will endure through them. The beauty we fashion cannot be dimmed by death. Our flesh may perish, our hands will wither, but that which they create in beauty and goodness and truth live on for all time to come.
: Many fields of science stand to gain from the ongoing analysis of the human genome, but none more so than biomedicine. The research promises new treatment for a huge range of disease, all of life itself. It could also answer riddles about addictions such as gambling, or provide treatment for sleep disorders or mental illness. Tiny misspellings in the genome’s biological instructions, either inherited or acquired during one’s lifetime, can make all the difference between health and disease. Genetic or taking preventive drugs. And by studying how the errors cause disease, scientists are getting new ideas about how to design more effective drugs.
对人类基因的研究将使许多科学领域受益，其中生物医学将受到最大的影响。研究者有望找到医治许多疾病的新方法，这些疾病都与基因多少有些关系。研究将最终能够解释生命的本质，也可以解开一些谜团，比如人为什么会有毒瘾，或者提供治疗睡眠失调、精神病等疾病的方法。
基因图谱中遗传的或后天导致的生物指令的细微错误，可能会使人患病。对人的基因错误的测试，可以帮助人通过改变生活方式或者服用预防性药物降低发病危险。而且，研究基因错误如何致病，可以促进科学家产生新的思想来研制更加有效地药物。
B:仅仅传授专业知识是不够的。通过专业教育可以使人成为一种有用的机器，却不能成为一个全面发展的人。让学生对价值观念有所理解并产生热情，是不可或缺的。否则，他—连同他的专业知识-------就更像一条受过良好训练的狗，而非一个和谐发展的人。他必须通过学习了解人们的动机、幻想和苦难，以便正确处理同他人和社会的关系。
It is not enough to teach man a specialty. Through it he may become a kind of useful machine, but not a harmoniously developed personality. It is essential that the student acquire an understanding of and a lively feeling for values. He must acquire a vivid sense of the beautiful and of the morally good. Otherwise he —with his specialized knowledge —more closely resembles a well-trained dog than a harmoniously developed person. He must learn to understand the motives of human beings, their illusions, and their sufferings in order to acquire a proper relationship to individual fellow-men and to the community.
: What is called “modern civilization”is not the result of a balanced development of all man’s nature,but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life .The problem now facing humanity is what is going to be done with all this is so often pointed out,knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil .It’snow being used indifferently for any spectacle ,for instance,be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men’s bodies while,close at hand,surgeons use it to restore them? We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happen if this twofold use of knowledge,with its ever-increasing power,continues.
所谓“现代文明”并不是人类的全部天性均衡发展的结果，而是积累的知识应用于实际生活的产物。今天，人类所面临的问题是：究竟应该如何应用这些知识？正如人们经常说的，知识是一种具有两重性的武器，既可以用它来行善，又可以用它来作恶。而现在，人们毫无顾忌地把知识同时运用于这善恶两方面。举例说，炮手用科学来摧毁人体，而医生就在一旁用科学来挽救这些生命。难道还有比这更为怪诞而可怕的景况吗？我们应该扪心自问，如果随着知识不断积累，而其双重作用继续下去，将会发生什么情况呢？
B:世界上没有一个地方比中国把平等这个伟大的原则更彻底地贯彻到实践中去，没有像中国做出如此坚持不懈的努力来提高妇女的法律地位。尽管如此，在许多地方中国的妇女还是没有权利和男子在同等条件下竞争工作，没有平等的机会得到晋升。
Nowhere has the great principle of equality been so thoroughly put in practice as in China,and nowhere have such persistent efforts been made to improve the legal status of spite of this,however,women in many places are still denied the right to compete with men for jobs on equal terms and the riget to equal opportunities for promotion .
7. A:Laughter’s social role is definitely important. I’m very concerned that today’s children may be heading for a whole lot of social ills because their play and leisure time is so isolated and they lose out on lots of chances for laughter. Why? Because when children stare at computer screens, rather than laughing with each other, this is at odds with what’s natural for them. Natural social behavior in children is playful behavior, and in such situations laughter indicates that
make-believe aggression is just fun, not for real, and this is an important way in which children from positive emotional bonds, gain new social skills and generally start to move from children to adulthood.
笑无疑具有重要的社会作用。我十分担心现在的儿童会染上很多的社会不良习气，因为他们在娱乐休闲时间彼此十分孤立，他们失去了很多放声大笑的机会。为什么呢？因为孩子们如果一味盯着计算机屏幕，而不是和伙伴们欢笑，这与天性背道而驰。儿童自然的社会行为是嬉戏。在嬉戏的场合，欢笑说明假装的攻击性行为仅仅是玩耍，而不必当真。通过这种重要的途径，孩子们形成积极地情感纽带，获取了新的社交技能，并且长大成人。
B:对生态前景深为关注的动物学家们创建了一种新型动物园-----DNA动物园。对孩子们来说它也许不是那么有趣，但动物学家们认为在物种以可怕的速度灭绝的今天，DNA动物园也许是保存动物物种的关键。Animal scientists concerned about our ecological future are creating a new type of zoo--the DNA zoo might be less interesting for kids,but zoologists say that with species disappearing at an alarming rate,DNA zoos may be the key to the conservation of animal species.
8. A:In future trade the key development to watch is the relationship between the industrialized and the developing nations. The Third World countries export their mineral deposits and tropical agricultural products, which bring them desired foreign exchange. Tourism has also been greatly responsible for the rapid development of some developing nations. Many third world nations with high unemployment and low wages have seen an emigration of workers to the developed nations. Western Europe has received millions of such workers from Mediterranean countries. The developing nations profit when these workers bring their savings and their acquired technical skills back home. Many developing nations benefit when Western nations establish manufacturing in their countries to take advantage of cheap labor.
在将来的世界贸易中，要注意观察的一个重要情况是工业化国家与发展中国家之间的关系。第三世界国家出口矿物和热带农作物，以换取所需的外汇。旅游业对有些第三世界国家的迅速发展也起了很大的作用。在很多失业多、工资低的第三世界国家出现了工人移居发达国家的现象。西欧就接受了来自地中海国家的数百万计的这种工人当这些工人把他们的积蓄和学到的技能带回本国时，这些发展中国家就受益了。西方国家在发展中国家利用廉价的劳动力开办工厂，这些发展中国家也从中得到了好处。
B:认识落后，才能去改变落后;学习先进，才有可能赶超先进。提供我国的科学技术水平，当然必须依靠我们自己努力，必须发展我们自己的创造，必须坚持独立自主、自力更生的方针。但是独立自主不是闭关自守，自力更生不是盲目排外。
Backwardness must be perceived before it can be person must learn from the
advanced before he can catch up and surpass them. Of course,to raise china’s scientific and technological level we must rely on our own efforts, develop our own inventions, and adhere to the policy of independence and self-reliance. But independence does not mean shutting the door on world, nor does self-reliance mean blind opposition to everything foreign.
9. A:By now you know that getting your money’s worth is not just a matter of luck. It is more often the result of buying skill. Nevertheless, even the smartest consumers are sometimes fooled into thinking they are getting their money’s worth when they are not. At one time or another,almost everyone experiences deception in the market place. The deception may not be intentional. But intentional or not, any kind of deception hurts consumer’s pocketbooks. Some kinds endanger their health and safety as well. Obviously, consumers need protection against the marketing of unsafe goods and false or misleading advertising. Fortunately, there are both public and private agencies working to meet that need.
大家知道，要把钱花得值并非仅仅是靠运气，通常更需要的是购物技巧。然而，即使最精明的消费者有时也会上当，在花了钱的时候，还认为钱花得划算。几乎所有人都有过在市场上受骗的经历。尽管有些欺骗可能是不经意的，但只要是欺骗，无论是有意还是无意的，都会损害消费者的物质利益，有些还会危及到消费者的健康与安全。显然，消费者需要保护，以防受市场上不安全商品、虚假和误导广告的损害。值得庆幸的是，一些政府与私人机构正在从事这种工作来满足消费者的需要。
B:在21世纪的头十年，信息革命将会成熟，引起各个领域里的重大进展。多媒体的连通性将使人们能够跨越多种信息媒体和地区边界，毫无障碍地相互交流。虚拟现实和大平面显示将计算机的显示器，使人们能同时观看几个应用程序面，召开虚拟会议和进行小组合作。教育、娱乐、商业和旅游也将进入一个电子应用的新纪元。In the first decade of the twenty-first century, the Information Revolution should mature, producing major advance in all fields. Multimedia interconnectivity will allow people to interact seamlessly across diverse information media and geographic borders. Virtual reality and large flat panel display will take the place of the computer monitor, permitting simultaneous viewing of several applications at once, virtual meetings, and group collaboration. Education, entertainment, commerce, and tourism will enter a new era of electronic access.
:Different branches of science and technology today are unable to function without “artificial brains”: we have to solve problem for which the reactions of the human brain prove too slow. The electronic brain calculates a thousand times quicker, and more accurately than is possible for the human being. The solution of only a partial problem would keep a mathematician busy for six mouths is completed by the electronic brain in seven minutes. Without mechanical help, thousands upon thousands of mathematicians would have to work a whole life time on the tabulation of the position of the moon for two centuries. The calculating electronic brain can finish this task after a total of 1700 working hours, giving the precise position of the moon for every six hours during the past 100 years and the forthcoming century.
没有“人工脑”，今天各个门类的科学技术便没法发挥作用：我们要解开的都是一些难
题，而在这些难题面前人脑的反应显然是太慢了。电脑的计算速度比人所达到的要快一千倍，而且更加准确。仅仅解决一个局部问题就会让一个数学家忙上半年，而电脑只需要七分钟就可以完成。制定月球在二百年里的位置的数据表，如果没机械的帮助，成千上万的数学家要干上一辈子，而会计算的电脑只需要1700个工时就能完成，把月球在过去一百年以及未来一个世纪里每隔六个小时的精确位置全部列了出来。
B:科学是讲实际的。科学是老老实实的学问，来不得半点虚假，需要付出艰巨的劳动。同时，科学也需要创造，需幻想，有幻想才能打破传统的束缚，才能发展科学。科学工作者不应当把幻想让诗人独占。
Science deals with things in a practical way. Science means honest, solid knowledge, allowing not an iota of falsehood, but demanding enormous efforts and at the same time, science also calls for creativeness and imagination: only with imagination is it possible to break away from the confines of conventionalities and to make head way in science. Scientists are supposed not to let poets alone have the exclusive use of imagination. Ward off ---avoid 避开dispel --- drive away驱散matching----similar 相似的disposition---character 性情oblivious----forgetful健忘的zealous----enthusiastic热情的Extinct---exterminated灭绝的retrieve -----regain 重新得到tackle----deal with处理Prevalence----popularity 流行exalted---superior优秀的，出众的enmity---hostility 敌意counterpart----equivalent等价物，相等物elaborate----complicated 复杂的
Stunned ---astonished吃惊的conceal ---hide隐藏；隐瞒Reiterates---repeat 重申；反复地做Exposed to---subjected to 接触；暴露于resolutely---unyieldingly坚决地；毅然地accelerated---speed up加速；使加速recession---depression衰退；后退
depreciation--devaluation贬值incentive--motivation动机implausible--improbable难以置信scrutinized--inspected检查negligence----carelessness忽视；feasible----possible可能的commitment----dedication奉献；献身disparity---discrepancy不一致articulate---express 表达alien--strange陌生的；外行的catch on-- acceptable理解，明白elicit---evoke 引起，唤起aesthetic-----artistic美学的laid off----dismissed解雇elaborate on-----dwell on详细说明opaque ----cloudy不透明的offset----balance out不相上下obsess---haunt 萦绕于；迷于intrigue---scheme阴谋imminent--impending即将来临的make away with---commit suicide自杀miscellaneous---diversified多样化的obliterate-----efface消灭；涂去rebuke----reproach责备reciprocate---give a return互换，报答vigorous----strenuous 有力的；精力充沛的tangible---concrete有形的disconcerting----upsetting打扰人的Eruptions—outburst爆发endeavor – attempt努力literally - actually 实际上put off --- distracted思想不集中的，分心Treacherous –dangerous危险的evasive –slippery托辞的get on- manage处理fallacious -deceitful欺骗的Intense- extreme强烈的passed out -lost consciousness失去知觉
Ruthless-cruel残忍的appeases- calms 使平静unanimous -an agreed vote意见一致的terminate -die结束，call off -cancel 取消Mangled-crushed损坏的reinstated- restored . 恢复，复职ineluctable -unavoidable 不可避免的dislodge-remove使移动take up –accept拿起；接受Scrupulously –carefully小心翼翼地arbitrary- tyrannical专横的simulated- forged假装acknowledged-accepted被普遍认可的Stir-awake唤起doctrine-beliefs信条explicit-specific明
确的incidence-occurrence影响；发生prompted-motivated引起；提示ascertain-learn确定；查明Dispassionate-impartial不带感情的elaborate-complicated复杂的feasible-acceptable可能的as often as-frequently 经常constituently-component组成的strive for-work for争取，奋斗lie in-consists in在于exceeded -surpassed过度的；溢出的magnitude -extent程度queue-line 队列Condemned-convicted已被定罪的endorsed-signed批注liable-responsible有责任的vicious-wicked邪恶的reciprocated –interchanged互换proximate-direct最近的近似的posed- presented主张aptitude-a talent自然倾向；天资lease-let出租jeopardy-hazard危险