【免费下载】 药学英语,课后翻译

药学英语

Unit 1

Inflammatory reaction induced by local ischemic injury is one of the important pathophysiological characteristics after ischemic stroke, so anti-inflammatory therapy may be an effective strategy for acute ischemic stroke. Enlimomab, an anti-ICAM-1 murine monoclonal antibody, can inhibit the recruitment and activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, reduce their adhesion and decrease cerebral infarct size in experimental stroke models. However, a much larger efficacy trial including 625 acute ischemic stroke patients has shown that enlimomab was ineffective on ischemic stroke patients even with a worsening outcome. The therapeutic time window of rt-PA is within 3 hours of ischemic onset. Administration of the drug after more than 3 hours of ischemic onset has no significant therapeutic implications and may even end up with an increased hemorrhagic risk. A study using the animal ischemic model indicated that combination of anti-inflammatory therapy and rt-PA could significantly and might as well extend the therapeutic time window of thrombolysis.

局部脑缺血损伤引起的炎症反应是缺血性脑卒中发生后的重要病理生理特征，因此，抗炎治疗策略可能是治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的一种有效方法。恩莫单抗是一种抗细胞间黏附分子-1的单克隆抗体，在实验性脑缺血模型上，能抑制多形核白细胞的募集和活化，减少其黏附，降低脑梗死范围。然而，一项由625例急性缺血性脑

卒中患者参加的大规模的有效性临床试验却显示，使用恩莫单抗治疗，对缺血性脑卒中患者无效，且可能使病情恶化。rt – PA的治疗时间窗为脑缺血发病后3小时，超过3小时后用药则无明显治疗意义，并有可能增加出血性风险。一项在动物脑卒中模型上的研究表明，将抗炎治疗与rt-PA治疗联合应用，能显著减少梗死范围，改善神经功能结果，而不增加出血性风险，还可能延长溶栓治疗的时间窗。

Unit 2

Drug discovery is the identification of novel active compounds, which are typically found by screening many compounds (from compound library) for the desired biological properties. In general, drug discovery is a very time-consuming and expensive process. Estimates of the average time required to bring a drug to the market range from12-15 years at an average cost of about $800 million. For approximately every 10000 compounds that are evaluated in animal studies, 10 will make it to human clinical trials in order to get 1 compound on the market. This is why the cost to purchase a drug is so high.

The search of lead compound and the structural modification of lead compound for pharmacological optimization are the important two steps for new drug research in medicinal chemistry.

课文翻译：药物发现通常是从许多化合物中（从化合物库中）

鉴定和筛选具有所需药理作用的新型活性化合物的过程。一般而言，药物发现是一个非常耗时和昂贵的过程。一种新药的研发和投放市场平均需要约12-15年的时间，其成本约8亿美元。一般用动物实

验来评价药理活性的每10000个化合物中，只有10个才能进入人体临床试验，而最后1个能被开发成药物而投放市场。这就是为什么新药研发的成本如此之高。

以新型先导化合物的发现及先先导化合物的结构优化来改善药理活性是药物化学中新药研究的两步重要过程。

Unit 3

With suspensions of amine salts, both solubility and rate of degradation are functions of pH. The pH of optimum stability will be that at which the product of solubility and rate is a minimum. In addition, anything which reduces the solubility of the salt will aid stability, e.g., addition of a soluble salt of the amine, salting out, etc. From the reports available to date ampicillin might be most stable penicillin available, in both acid and neutral solution. Ampicillin, at pH 7.0 and room temperature, maintains 80% of its activity for I week. Whereas one would suspect that the other newer penicillins would show a dependence of rate of loss of activity on pH similar to that of penicillin G, one might also speculate that ampicillin might be different because of its zwitterionic character at almost neutral Ph.

对于铵盐的悬浮液，其溶解性和降解率都受到pH值功能的调节。最稳定的pH值可以使产品的溶解性和降解率达到最低。此外，任

何降低盐溶解性的物质都将有助于其保持稳定性，例如，加入胺的

可溶性盐，盐析等。据报道可以得知氨苄青霉素可能是现存在中性

及酸性条件下最稳定的青霉素。氨苄青霉素在中性溶液以及室温条

件下保存1星期其活性维持在80%左右。然而有人发现其他的一些

新型青霉素和青霉素G一样，活性依赖于pH值的高低，也有人推

断氨苄青霉素可能不一样，因为在近乎中性的条件下它是两性离子。

Unit 4

Comparison of HPLC to gas chromatography (GC) is instructive in pointing out similarities and differences. In both methods, the separation of components in a mixture is achieved in flowing stream. The mechanisms of retention differ greatly but parallels can be drawn in many cases. In both HPLC and GC, components which preferentially interact with the stationary phase will be retained longer. In GC, the mobile phase, or carrier gas, has little effect on the separations (other than the flow rate). Consequently, separations are achieved by manipulation of the stationary phase or the sample (e.g. derivatization to improve volatility). A large number of stationary phases have been developed and are commercially available. In essence, GC can be characterized as having one mobile

phase and many stationary phases. On the other hand, HPLC has developed with relatively few stationary phases. It is the mobile phase that gives great diversity to HPLC. Binary, ternary, and occasionally quaternary mobile phase compositions are used. Buffers are added to control PH, and ion-pairing reagents are added to modify the retention. In GC, temperature programming, and even flow programming, can be used to increase the separative power of the system. In HPLC, the mobile phase composition is changed in a programmed fashion in order to achieve comparable effects.

高效液相色谱法与气象色谱法（GC）两者既有相似点又有区别。两者都通过流动相进行混合物的分离，虽然分离机制不同，但从众

多例子中可发现其相似性。对两者来说，化合物越容易与固定相结

合其保留时间越长。对于气相色谱法，流动相或载气种类（不包括

流速）对分离效能的影响小，因此，多通过改变固定相或样品的挥

发性质（如进行衍生化等）来改善分离，现在已开发了种类繁多的

可以买到的固定相。实质上气相色谱可认为是具有一种流动相和多

种固定相的特征。而对于高效液相色谱法，仅有相对的几种固定相，流动相的变化很大。通常流动相用二元、三元溶剂混合，也有四元

溶剂的，多加入缓冲溶液控制pH，用离子对试剂调整保留值。气象色谱法采用程序升温的方式提高系统分离能力，高效液相色谱法采

取梯度洗脱凡是改善分离效能。

药学专业英语简历

个人履历 教育背景: 2002-9---2006-02 在医学院药学系学习了所有药学专业的课程。 在医院中药房、西药房、住院药房、门诊药房、药库实习。熟 悉了医院工作环境和规章制度，及相关药事管理方面的工作。 在针剂，片剂和中药车间实习。熟悉了药品生产流程，质量控 制程序等相关方面的工作。使得在销售工作中对客户提出的相 关问题能够给出专业的答案。 2006-3---2006-6 在中药室学习。增加了对药品检验，鉴定等相关实验室知识。 并在此期间完成了毕业论文的设计，获得毕业答辩“优秀论 文”评定。 证书及技能 2004.9全国计算机等级三级证书 2005.12大学英语六级证书 能够熟练使用word,excel,PPT等各种办公软件，有良好的英语基础，但是口语欠佳，平时一直在努力学习spoken english 业务经验： 2007.5 在北京丰台区组织举行产品终端宣传会议 邀请终端药店，诊所及小医院共60多家参加，宣传公司的产品， 销售政策及未来市场规划，加强客户对公司品牌的认知以及对我公 司产品市场情况反馈。 2007.7在北京顺义区组织举行产品终端宣传订货会议 邀请终端药店，诊所及小医院共88家加，对公司各主要产品进行展 示，并举行了现场订货签单。进一步加强公司产品在北京地区的宣传 和推广。 2007.8 在石家庄和保定组织二级客户终端分销工作，进行了礼品促销；加

强了同二级客户的关系，加深了二级客户对我们的信任。 2007年，全年销量做到2700多万，居普药部门首位。 2008年，开始团队建设，负责北京，唐山，保定和石家庄区域团队协作。加强管理各区域业务员的二级客户分销工作，将分销工作做得更细致，更 深入。 2009．5，在北京平谷区组织举行产品终端宣传订货会议；6月在石家庄组织二级客户终端分销工作。 2010年—至今，依然负责北京及其周边地区的销售工作。 自我评价: ◆乐观、自信、积极向上 ◆很强的学习能力，能快速接受新事物 ◆较强的执行能力、沟通能力和良好的团队合作精神 求职意向：山西运城，西安或北京地区商务代表 Resume . Certifications and Skills 2004/09 National Computer Rank Examination Certificate. 3 2005/12 College English Test-6 2008/05-2008/07 The purchases/sales License of pharmaceuticals. Skillful in Microsoft Office(Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc); Fluently in oral English and skillful in listening、reading、writing. Assignment experience

药学英语第五版第三单元

Biochemistry Seeks to Explain Life in Chemical Terms The molecules of which living organisms are composed conform to all the familiar laws of chemistry, but they also interact with each other in accordance with another set of principles, which we shall refer to collectively as the molecular logic of life. These principles do not involve new or yet undiscovered physical laws or forces. Instead, they are a set of relationships characterizing the nature, function, and interactions of biomolecules. If living organisms are composed of molecules that are intrinsically inanimate, how do these molecules confer the remarkable combination of characteristics we call life? How is it that a living organism appears to be more than the sum of its inanimate parts? Philosophers once answered that living organisms are endowed with a mysterious and divine life force, but this doctrine (vitalism) has been firmly rejected by modern science. The basic goal of the science of biochemistry is to determine how the collections of inanimate molecules that constitute living organisms interact with each other to maintain and perpetuate life. Although biochemistry yields important insights and practical applications in medicine, agriculture, nutrition, and industry, it is ultimately concerned with the wonder of life itself. All Macromolecules Are Constructed from a Few Simple Compounds Most of the molecular constituents of living systems are composed of carbon atoms covalently joined with other carbon atoms and with hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen. The special bonding properties of carbon permit the formation of a great variety of molecules. Organic compounds of molecular weight less than about 500, such as amino acids, nucleotidase, and monosaccharide, serve as monomeric subunits of proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides,

药学英语

《药学英语》课程教学大纲 一、课程教学目的与任务 开设药学英语旨在从培养高级应用型人才的目标出发，结合药学及相关专业学生毕业后的工作实际，力求为他们提供其未来工作岗位所需要的专业英语知识和技能。通过教学，提高学生借助辞典和其他工具书籍，阅读国外文献的能力，并为将来我国执业药师与国际接轨做准备。 二、理论教学的基本要求 学完该课程后，在知识、技能和能力上分别应达到的以下程度： 了解英文药学文献的写作特点和格式，学习如何分析和理解英语长句。英国药典和美国药典的背景知识和使用方法，了解FDA的职责和功能；理解各章节PartA部分课文意思及PartB部分药品说明书中的常见例句；掌握掌握药品说明书必须书写的10个项目及其常用词汇，能够归纳出一些常见的化学基团的英文词缀；能用所学知识书写简单的英语药品说明书。 三、实践教学的基本要求 本课程实践学时全部以课堂对话形式进行，无单独实验项目。 四、教学学时分配

五、教学内容 Unit1 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习，理解课文意思；掌握药品说明书的作用、项目；能够归纳出一些常见的化学基团的英文词缀。 教学重点：常用专业单词，如Pharmaceutical等的用法。 教学难点：文章翻译；常见的化学基团的英文词缀。 主要内容：PartAForeign Investment in Chinese Pharmaceutical Sector；PartB第1节药品名称；PartCChina—from self-sufficiency to World Leadership。 Unit 2 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习,使学生理解课文意思；掌握常用专业单词，如supervision等的用法；掌握描述药物性状的常见句型；掌握药物性状的常用表达方式。 教学重点：常见的药物性状。 教学难点：常见描述药物性状的单词或短语。 主要内容：PartAFDA: Policeman or Teacher；PartB第2节药物性状；PartC Data Required for Drug Approval。 Unit 3 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习,使学生掌握英文药品说明书中描写适应症的常见描短语或句型，常用专业单词，如临床药理(Clinical Pharmacology)、药效(Potency)、毒性(Toxicity)等。 教学重点：英文药品说明书中描写适应症的常见描短语或句型。 教学难点：文章翻译。 主要内容：PartA Pharmacological Tablet；PartB第2节药物性状。 Unit 4 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习,使学生理解课文意思；掌握英文药品说明书中常见描写适应症、禁忌症的短语或句型。 教学重点：英文药品说明书中常见描写适应症、禁忌症的短语或句型。 教学难点：文章翻译。 主要内容：PartA Chemistry and Matter；PartB第4节适应症、第5节禁忌症。 Unit 5 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习,使学生掌握英文药品说明书中描写用法用量及不良反应的常见短语或句型。常用专业单词，如常用表示剂量的术语平均剂量（average dose）、常用的剂量单位表示法、每次给药次数的表示方法：每隔…小时（every …hours）、每日三次（three times a day /daily)等。 教学重点：英文药品说明书中描写用法用量及不良反应的常见短语或句型。

人教版2020版高中英语必修3课文逐句翻译

1.必修三Unit1 Festivals and celebrations节日和庆典 Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. 自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. 最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals. 有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们会挨饿。Today’s festivals have many origins ,some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. 现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。 Festivals of the Dead亡灵节 Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. 有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。For the Japanese festival. Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. 他们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. 在墨西哥，亡灵节是在11月初。On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. 在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物，和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. 他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. 西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. 万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上到邻居家要糖吃。If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. 如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。 Festivals to Honour People纪念名人的节日 Festivals can also be held to honour famous people . 也有纪念名人的节日。The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Y uan. 中国的端午节（龙舟节），是纪念著名古代诗人屈原的。In the USA Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in New World. 美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗·哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. 印度在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯·甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。 Harvest Festivals庆丰收的节日 Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. 收获与感恩节是非常喜庆的节日。People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. 越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. 在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一起聚餐。Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. 有些人还可能因为他们的农产品（参加各种评选）而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy

药学英语第4版课后练习判断题翻译及答案

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