科技英语翻译_中篇总结
科技英语翻译
中篇
第一章科技英语翻译常用技巧
1.Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the later.
气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的压缩性。
2.The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.
使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。
3.The flowing of current first in one direction, and then in another makes an alternating
current.
电流先向一个方向流动，然后又向另一个方向流动构成交流电。
4.If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study
nuclear physics.
我们如果不知道原子的结构，就不可能研究核子物理学。
5.Both of the substances are not soluble in water.
这两种物质都不溶于水。
6.Whenever one body touches another, heat always passes by the conduction from the
warmer to the colder.
当一个物体接触到另一个物体时，热量总是从较热的物体传导到较冷的物体。
7.All of this proves that we must have a profound study of properties of protein.
所有这一切证明，我们必须深入的研究蛋白质的特性。
8.The wide application of electronic computers affects tremendously the development of
science and technology.
电子计算机的广泛应用对科学和技术的发展有极大的影响。
9.Gasoline is appreciably volatile.
汽油具有很强的挥发性。
10.The parts must be proportionally correct.
这些零件的比例必须准确无误。
11.In this case the temperature in the furnace is up.
在这种情况下，炉温就升高。
12.Without steel, there would be no modern industry.
如果没有钢铁，就不会有现代工业。
13.The new precision machine tools are good in quality and fine in shape.
新型精密机床质量上乘，样式美观。
14.Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.
物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。
15.The bond between mathematics and life sciences has been strengthened by the emergence
of a whole group of applied mathematics specialties, such as biometrics, psychometrics, and economics.
生物统计学、心理测验学和计量经济学等一大批应用数学专业学科的出现，大大加强了数学和生命科学之间的联系。
16.The frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are closely related.
频率、波长和声速三方面是密切相关的。
17.The temperature needed for this processing is lower than that needed to melt the metal.
这种加工方法所需的温度要低于熔化该金属的温度。
18.Oxidation will make metals rusty.
氧化作用会使金属生锈。
19.Being large or small all magnets behave the same.
所有磁铁，无论大小，其性质都一样。
20.For reasons the alternating current is more widely used than the direct current.
处于种种原因，交流电比直流电用的更广泛。
21.A new kind of computer---small, cheap, fine---is attracting increasing attention.
一种新型的计算机越来越引起人们的注意——这种计算机体积小巧、价格低廉、性能优越。
22.In general, all the metals are good conductors, with silver the best and copper the second.
一般来说，金属都是良导体，其中以银为最好，铜次之。
冠词省略
23.A computer system consists of a computer and some peripherals.
计算机系统由计算机和一些外部设备构成的。
24.The resistance of a given section of an electric circuit is equal to the ratio of its voltage to the
current through this section of the circuit.
电路某一段的电阻等于其电压与流过该段电路的电流之比。
25.Given the weight and the specific gravity of a body, we can calculate its volume.
已知物体的重量和比重，就可以求出其体积。（人称代词省译）
26.Since copper possesses good conductivity, it is widely used in electrical engineering.
因为铜具有良好的导电性，所以被广泛的应用于电气工程。
27.The diameter and the length of wire are not the only factors to influence its resistance.
导体的直径和长度不是影响电阻的唯一因素。物主代词省译
28.Its transmission over long distance causes some loss of energy.
长距离输送会损失一些能量。介词的省译
29.Turning this knob gives the control over the brightness of the light spot.
转动这个旋钮就能控制光点的亮度。
30.Pure water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C under standard pressure.
在标准大气压下，纯净水在摄氏零度结冰，在设施一百度时沸腾。省译并列连词
31.Ductility of a metal is usually much less when hot than when cold.
热状态的金属韧性一般要比冷状态的金属低得多。(省略从属连词)
32.Stainless steel possesses good hardness and high strength.
不锈钢硬度大、强度高。（动词的省译）
33.The time-keeping devices of electric watches are much more accurate than those of
mechanical ones.
电子表比机械表准确的多。（修饰性省译）
34.Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.
与其说海洋分隔了世界，不如说海洋连接了世界。（人称代词的重译）
35.X-rays have the same nature as visible light, but their wavelength is much less.
X射线与可见光的性质相同，但X射线的波长要短的多。
36.It takes a body precisely as long to fall from a height h as it does to rise that high.
物体从高度h下落需要的时间与它上升到同一高度所需的时间完全相同。
37.There are two kinds of video capture devices, analog and digital.
视频采集设备有两种，模拟采集设备和数字采集设备。(分译名词)
38.Increasingly sophisticated computer-controlled robots are entering industry to cut down
production costs, time and labor requirements.
日益完善的计算机控制的机器人正在进入工业领域，以降低成本、缩短生产时间、减少劳动力。（分译动词）
39.Even the dissolution in water cannot enable common salt to change its chemical properties.
即使我们将普通的食盐溶于水，也不能改变其化学性质。(分译名词化结构)
40.They worked out a new method by which production has been rapidly increased.
他们制定了一种新方法，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。（分译定语从句）
41.The water must be kept free from harmful bacteria. It should be colorless and relatively
odorless.
水应该是无色且相对无味的，应当避免沾染有害细菌。（单句合译）
42.Fig.1 incorporates many of the factors which must be considered in developing a satisfactory
system.
图1所示的许多因素，在研制性能良好的系统时必须予以考虑。（主从复合句的合译）43.Other metals are not malleable at all. Thus chromium is so hard even at room temperature
that it shatters whenever it is hammered.
有的金属却根本没有延展性。如非常坚硬的铬，即使在室温下，一经敲击便会立即粉碎。
（简单句和复合句的合译）
44.Water is a substance suitable for preparation of hydrogen and oxygen.
水是适于制取氢和氧的一种物体。（后置定语词序的调整）
45.Faraday discovered the law of electromagnetic induction after years of trial, error, and trial
again.
经过几年的试验、失败、再试验，法拉第终于发现了电磁感应定律。（状语语序调整）第二章词义辨识和词语翻译
1.When an acid reacts with a base, a neutral product usually results, and we call it a salt.
当一种酸和一种碱起反应时，通常形成一种中性产物，我们称之为盐类。（据学科领域确定词义）
2.The key difference between Japanese and German maglev trains is that the Japanese trains
use super-cooled, super-conducting electromagnets.
日本和德国的磁悬浮列车的最大不同在于日本列车采用低温超导电磁。
3.Insulators can also conduct electricity to some extent, though they give a high resistance to
an electric current.
虽然绝缘体对电流施加很大的电阻，但仍能有某种程度的导电性。
4.The two units used most frequency in electricity are ampere and volt; this is the unit of
voltage and that of current flow.
电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：伏特是电压单位，安培是电流单位。（指示照应）
5.The closed loop system protects the operator from liquor contact and hazard from same.
此闭环系统能保护操作工，使之不与液体接触，免受液体危害。
6.Ideal voltage and current sources are active circuit elements, while resistors and conductors
are passive elements.
理想电压源和电流源都是有源元件，而电阻器和导体都是无源元件。
7.The liquid carries the current through cell between the two plates.
液体使电流通过电池，由一块极板流向另一块极板。（词义明确化引申）
8.The interference worked much instability in the system.
干扰给系统造成了很大的不稳定性。（动词的词义引申）
9.Whichever way the two two-way switches are left, one of the wires is “alive” and the other
is “dead”.
无论这两个双路开关合在哪一端，两根导线中总有一根是带电的，一根是不带电的。（形容词的词义引申）
10.The thicker the wire, the more freely it will carry current.
导线越粗，就越容易导电。
11.Gold is similar in color to brass.
金子的颜色和黄铜相似。（省译表示与主语有关的介词）
12.In general, all the metals are good conductors, with silver the best and copper the second.
一般说来，金属是导体，银最佳，铜次之。
13.Adverse to iron, mercury is in a liquid state at ordinary temperature.
水银和铁不同，在常温下是液态。
14.The change of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done in motors.
电能变为机械能是通过电动机实现的。
15.The computer can read in and out information in less than a second.
这台计算机能在不到一秒钟的时间里输入和输出数据。
16.With its great potential, the wide use of optical communications will not come overnight.
虽然光通讯有巨大的发展潜力，但它不会在一夜之间就得到广泛应用。
17.If one halves a bar magnet, each of the two halves will be a complete magnet.
如果把一根磁铁棒分成两段，那么其中每一段都仍是完整的磁铁。
18.It is through this interface that the substation operator must control and monitor the entire
substation.
变电站运行人员正是通过这个界面控制和监视整个变电站的。
19.The same is true when an alternating voltage is applied to a resistance.
当交流电压加在电阻上时，情况也是一样的。
20.If we permit the current to flow longer, more heat will be produced.
如果让电流通过的时间长一些，产生的热就会多一些。
21.Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller units known as “sunattomic particles”.
原子虽小，却仍由叫做”亚原子粒“的更小单位组成。
22.The choice of material in construction of bridge is basically between steel or concrete and
main trouble with concrete is that its tensile strength is very small.
桥梁建筑材料基本上仍在钢材和混凝土之间选择，而混凝土主要的缺点是抗拉强度低。
23.The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions.
两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。
24.The cost of gold is high. That is why it is not extensively used as conductors.
金属的价格昂贵，因此不能广泛的用作导体。
25.Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.
几乎所有的物质都热胀冷缩。
26.The materials are excellent for use where the value of the work pieces is not high.
如果零件的价值不高，最好使用这种材料。
27.The new chip is about 1.5 times as integrative as that of the old ones.
新型芯片的集成度是旧型号的1.5倍。
28.The electricity crisis can be solved as long as low-cost power is available.
只要能获得低成本的电力，电力紧张问题就会解决。
29.The dielectric material is not perfect, so a small leakage current will flow through it.
电容电介材料是不完全绝缘的，因而会通过小的漏洞流出。
30.The electrons to move freely play an important role in the formation of electric current.
自由运动的电子在电流形成中起着重要的作用。
31.The moving point P describes a line, straight or curved, in the plane.
动点P 在平面内描绘出一条曲线，这条线可能是直线也可能是曲线。
32.Such recent terms as chemical physics and biophysics are indicative of the widening
application of the principles of physics, even in the studies of living organisms.
像化学物理学、生物物理学这类新术语，就是物理学原理被广泛应用的明证，表明其应用范围已经扩展到生物机理的研究中。
33.This complicated relationship must be represented graphically.
这种复杂的关系必须用图解来表示。
34.The reserve voltage gain can usually be neglected.
反向电压增益通常可以忽略不计。
35.The expansion of metal on heating must be taken into consideration before a long metal
bridge is built.
要建造金属大桥，就必须考虑金属的热膨胀特性。
36.AC can be changed into DC with great ease.
交流电可以极其容易的被转变成直流电。
37.Going through the process of heat treatment, metals become much stronger and more
durable.
金属经过热处理后，强度更大，更加耐用。
38.Modern industry needs considerable quantities of this metal, either in the form of iron or in
the form of steel.
现代工业对金属的需求量很大，无论是铁形式还是钢形式。
39.The composites showed a two increase in modules of elasticity and a five times increase in
tensile strength over that of the plain matrix.
这些复合材料的弹性比单纯基体材料增大了一倍，而拉伸强度则增大了四倍。
40.If you treble the distance between an object and the earth, the gravitational attraction gets
nine times weaker.
如果你把一个物体与地球的距离增加两倍，地心引力就会减弱到1/9.
第三章英语短语的翻译
1.Being cooled in the air, this kind of steel becomes harder and harder.
在空气中冷却之后，这种钢变得越来越硬。
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/81516426.html,ing a transformer, power at low voltage can be transformed into power at high voltage.
如果使用变压器，低电压的电力就能转换成高电压的电力。
3.Copper has less resistance than aluminum for the same size wire, but aluminum, being
much lighter in weight, has less resistance per unit of weight.
对于同样粗细的导线来说，铜比铝的电阻小，但由于铝的重量很轻，所以它单位重量的电阻较小。
4.Depending upon certain conditions, there may or may not be free electrons in
semiconductors.
半导体是否存在着自由电子，这取决于某些条件。
5.In fact，materials as used in transistors do not exist in nature but are man-made.
实际上，晶体管中所用的材料是人造的，在自然界中并不存在。
6.The porous wall acts as a kind of seine for separating molecules.
多孔壁的作用就像一把筛子，它把不同质量的分子分开。
7.It is necessary to prevent induction motors against overload and under voltage.
必须保护感应电机，以防止过载和欠压。
8.Transistors, integrated circuits, and the chip itself only came about because materials
scientists learned how to process silicon from common beach sand.
晶体管、集成电路以及芯片本身，都是由于材料科学家学会了利用沙滩上的普通沙子加工硅的方法之后才出现的。
9.The function of the safety value is to reduce accidents.
安全阀的作用是减少事故的发生。
10.Another important factor to be taken into consideration is that current strength is equal at
certain points in a series circuit.
需要考虑在内的另一重要因素是电流强度同串联电路中某些点的强度相同。
11.To run a direct current motor, we must connect it to a direct current source.
为了开动直流电机，我们必须把它接到一个直流电源上。
12.It was not until the 19th century, when magnetism was shown to be the product of
electricity , that serious research into the nature of permanent magnetism began.
知道19世纪证明了磁是电产生的时候，人们才开始对永久磁铁的本质做认真研究。13. A minimum electric power system is shown in Fig 1, a combination of an energy source, a
prime mover, a generator , and a load.
最小电力系统如图1所示，它由能源、原动机、发电机和负载构成。
14.The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of energy.
电工学主要关注的是通过输送能量做功的情况。
15.Magnets have characteristics similar to electric charges in that like magnetic doles repel
each other and unlike magnetic Doles attract each other.
磁铁具有与电荷相似的特性：同磁极相斥，异磁极相吸。
第四章英语句子的翻译
1.It is believed that oil is derived from marine plant and animal life.
人们认为，石油来源于海生动植物。
2.The application of the innovative design makes the electric machine become smaller and
more efficient.
由于设计方面的革新，电机的体积变小而且效率提高。
3.Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.
这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。
4.Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the later.
气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的可压缩性。
5.The new equipment feature wide working low voltage operation and high reliability.
新设备具有工作电压低和可靠性高的特点。
6.The new function of a fuse is toa protect the circuit.
电熔丝的作用是保护电路。
7.The new equipments provide a relatively small loss of energy.
新设备的能耗较小。
8.The energy transmission in a thermal power plant mostly relates to thermal energy
transmission.
火电厂能量传递大多数与热能传递相关。
9.Hydroelectric stations offer quite a number of advantages over their thermal and nuclear
counterparts.
与火电厂和核电厂相比，水电厂有很大的优势。
10.When a spring is tightly stretched, it is ready to do work.
拉紧的弹簧随时可以做功。
11.Aluminum remained unknown until nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it
found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has strong affinity.
铝总是和其他元素结合在一起，最普遍的是和氧结合在一起，因为铝对氧有很强的亲和力。由于这个原因，在自然界任何地方都找不到游离状态的铝；所以一直都19世纪，人们才知道有铝。（倒译法）
12.The close spacing of conductors and the presence of solid insulation between them results
in the capacitance of cables being much greater per unit length than that of overhead lines.
（电缆）导线间间距极近并且存在绝缘物，这会在电缆中产生电容。其每一单位长度的电容量较架空线路每一单位长度的电容量大得多。（分译法）
13.Great efforts will be made to achieve advancement and independent innovation of
technology, which will lead to improved safety and cost-efficiency of nuclear power reactors and competitiveness of nuclear power.
我们将更努力的实现先进的技术和技术的自我更新，这将提高核反应堆的安全和成本效益及核电的综合性能。
14.When you use a computer to process information, you must have input, which is the data
you will deal with ; you must process data, which is the act of doing something with data according to instructions, and you must have output, which is the result of you processing.
使用计算机处理信息时，必须输入所要处理的数据；同时必须按照工作指令处理这些数据；最后，还必须有输出，即处理的结果。（重组法）
15.Thermal power plants are those which make use of fuel like coal, petroleum and natural gas.
火电厂是利用煤、石油、天然气等作为燃料的发电厂。
16.Newton created a planetary dynamics which was so successful that for many years scientists
complained that nothing was left to be done.
牛顿创立的天体力学简直是天衣无缝，以致许多年来，科学家们抱怨无空可补。
17.The equivalent circuits, being descriptive and simple, are very useful for the solution to a
number of problems.
由于该等值电路表达清楚、结构简单，因此对求解许多问题非常有用。
18.Wherever conductors are needed, insulators will be indispensable.
凡是需要导体的地方，就缺不了绝缘体。
19.Animals, although they need some inorganic food, cannot live on it alone.
尽管动物需要无机物的营养，但是却不能单独以此维持生命。
20.The progress study of thermodynamics is such that experts can predict which processes or
reactions might occur spontaneously.
热力学的研究取得了一些进展，专家们能够就此预测哪些过程或反应可以自发的进行。
21.The advantage of rolling bearing is that they cause less fricition.
滚动轴承的优点是它产生的摩擦力较小。
22.There is little doubt that human beings and computers are getting more friendly.
人类和计算机的关系日益密切，这一点没什么可怀疑的。
23.Obviously there was little probability that they would succeed in electrolysis.
很明显，他们在电解方面成功的可能性是极小的。
24.Scientists have already known that under the extreme temperatures, say 260°,metal
pre-sents zero resistance, that is superconductivity of metal.
科学家们已经了解到，在极端的温度下，比如零下260度，金属呈零电阻，也就是说，有超导性。
25.The principal objection to arc lighting was its high intensity, making it unsuitable for most
indoor applications.
人们反对弧光灯，主要是由于其灯光强度高，因而，不适用于大多数的室内照明。
第五章特殊语态、语气和时态的翻译
1.The airplane is supported by the wings; it is propelled by the power plant; it is guided by its
control surfaces.
飞机靠机翼支撑，靠动力装置推进，靠操纵面导向。
2.The test instruction is joined to the circuit with all the switches off so that no current should
flow.
将测试仪器连接到电路上，并断开所有开关，使电路没有电流。
3.It should be noted that increasing the length of the wine will increase its resistance.
应该注意到，增加导线长度会增加其电阻。
4.But for friction, the driving wheel would not run the belt, neither would the belt run the
wheel to be driven.
要是没有摩擦力，主动轮不能带动皮带，皮带也不能带动被动轮。
5.Not only should every machine get frequent lubrication, but each part should have right
kind of lubrication.
不但每台机器必须经常润滑，就是每个零件也应该采用适当种类的润滑剂进行润滑。6.Should the current be cut off, coil would return to its original position.
如果切断电流，线圈即恢复原来位置。
7.Set an object in motion, and it will keep on moving because of its inertia.
使物体运动起来，它就会因惯性作用而继续运动。
8.There was expected to be a radial electrostatic field near the earth’s surface.
当时预期在地球表面附近有一径向静电场。
9.If the resistance of the circuit is high, the current will decrease rapidly, but a high induced
e.m.
f. will result.
如果电路的电阻高，电流就会迅速减小，但会产生强的感应电动势。
10.Since 1964, Alcan has been using digital computers to help control and optimize the output
of its various processes.
自1964年以来，加拿大铝业公司一直在利用数字计算机来帮助控制公司的各种生产过程和使该过程的生产最佳化。
实用科技英语翻译-期末考试复习题
2009-2010学年第2学期 《实用科技英语翻译》期末考试题型和复习题 I Answer the following questions related to EST Translation (30’)（2个题） 1. What’s the definition of EST (English of Science & Technology)? EST (English for Science & Technology or Technical English or Scientific English) is a special language variety widely used in the fields of science and technology. It’s believed that it first came to being in the 1950s along with the rapid development of science and technology, and it many researchers and scholars began to conduct investigation of this common feature of this special genre including reading comprehension, writing and even translation. 2. What are stylistic features of EST? Completely different from other genres such as everyday English, literature English, EST has its own stylistic features due to the specialty in content, field and discourse functions, and partly due to the unique habits of EST writers, which are mostly represented in lexical level and syntactical level. 3. What are the general features of Compound Technical Terms? A. accuracy（确切性）: accurately reflect the nature of the concept B. monosemy（单义性）: one sense for one word C .systematization（系统性）:the individual technical terms in a given field should be in a specific level so as to constitute a common system D. linguistically correct（语言的正确性）: in accordance with the word-formation in the same language E. conciseness（简明性）: concise and easy to remember F. motivation（理据性）: just as the name implies, one can know the meaning of the word.
科技英语翻译专业词汇-材料
Materials Science and Engineering arc welding 电弧焊 calcinations 煅烧 casting 熔铸 ceramic 陶瓷 chemical properties 化学性能 cold brittleness 低温脆性 colour liquid crystals 彩色液晶 congruent compound 合熔化合物 constant-deformation tests 定变形试验 Creep Strength 潜变强度 crystal pattern 晶体结构 data quartz fiber 数据石英光纤 die casting 拉模铸造 drawing & stamping 延轧 Dynamics of Forging System 锻压系统动力学 Edge Finish 边缘处理 Engineering Materials 工程材料 nano-material 纳米材料 ceramic 陶瓷 polymer 集合物 composite material 复合材料 biomaterial 生物材料semiconductor 半导体 conductor 导体 insulator 绝缘体 synthetic fabrics 合成纤维microstructures 显微结构 periodic table 周期表 Equipment for Heating Processing 热处理设备 Fatigue Test 疲劳测试 Features of Metal 金属的特性 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属 forging 锻造 foundry 铸造 High Polymer Material & Processing 高分子材料及加工Impact Test 冲击测试 Intermetallic compound 金属间化物 Ionic Solids 离子晶体 Magnetic Transformation 磁性变态 Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料力学性能的测定Mechanical Property of Metal 金属机械性能 Metal Cutting Machine Tool 金属切削工具 Metal Erosion & Protection 金属腐蚀及防护 Metal Material Science 金属材料学 Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallographic Techniques 金相技术Metallography 金属学 Metallography & Heat Treatment 金属学与热处理
科技英语综合教程课后谜底及课文翻译[资料]
科技英语综合教程课后谜底及课文翻译[资料] 科技英语综合教程课后答案及课文翻译 科技英语综合教程课后答案及课文翻译 Unit 1 Translation Practice II. Words and Phrases Translation A. Translate the following expressions intoChinese: 1. mutual gain game and mutual harm game 互赢博弈和互败博弈 2. sequential-move game 连续策略博弈 3. simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈 4. linear reasoning 直线推理 5. circular reasoning 循环推理 6. Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡 7. dominant strategy 支配性策略 8. optimal result 最优化结果 9. breakdown of cooperation 合作分裂 10. strategy of brinkmanship 边缘化策略 B. Translate the following expressions intoEnglish: 1. 完全博弈 pure conflict 2. 竞争与合作 competition and cooperation 3. 策略性相互作用 strategic interdependence 4. 囚徒困境prisoners’ dilemma 5. 长远性损失 long-run loss 6. 针锋相对策略 tit-for-tat strategy 7. 混合性策略mixing one’s moves 8. (网球)斜线球或底线球 hita passing shot cross-court or down the line 9. 垄断性市场 monopoly market
小议科技英语翻译技巧
小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，
科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.
翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法
科技英语中专业术语的翻译
科技英语中专业术语的 翻译 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1.意译：根据科技术语的含义，将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单个词语来说，意译也就是直译。意译法是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例子如下： ①firewall ．．．．．．．． ：防火墙 ②data mining ．．．．．．．．．． ：数据挖掘 ③automatic program control ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ：自动程序控制 2.形译：英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译成汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫形译。例子如下： I ．-．bar ．．． 工字钢、工字条；O ．-．ring ．．．． 环形圈；twist ．．．．．-．drill ．．．．．麻花钻；X ．-．Ray ．．．X 光；α．-．brass ．．．．． α黄铜[1] 3.音译：根据英语发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些有专业名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译时都可采用音译法。例子如下： gene ．．．． 基因；quark ．．．．． 夸克；Pentium ．．．．．．． 奔腾 celluloid ．．．．．．．．． 赛璐璐；nylon ．．．．． 尼龙 Hertz ．．．．．（Hz ）赫兹（频率单位）；lumen ．．．．．流明（光通量单位） 4.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占很大比重，这类词如果译成汉语，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例子如下： CPU ．．．：．C ．entral Processing Unit ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．(中央处理器) ASCII ．．．．．：．American S ．．．．．．．．．tandard ．．．．．．． C ．ode ．．． for ．．． I ．nformation ．．．．．．．．．． I ．nterchange ．．．．．．．．．． (美国信息交换标准码) ATM ．．．：．A ．synchronous ．．．．．．．．．．． T ．ransfer ．．．．．．． M ．ode ．．． (异步传输方式) 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种办法。例子如下： WTO ．．．(国际贸易组织)；UNESCO ．．．．．．(联合国教科文组织)；WHO ．．．(世界卫生组织)；IOC ．．． (国际奥委会)
西南交大科技英语翻译期末考试复习题答案
1.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. 这里，由于地心的剧烈活动，使山脉和火山升出水面。 2.After the Australian Taxation Office made its taxation forms simpler, it actually received praise from taxpayers who could finally understand it. 澳大利亚税务局将其表格文字简化后，受到了纳税人的广泛称赞，因为他们终于能看懂这些表格了 3.Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence, and then to interdependence. Losers do not. 虽然人们生来要成功，然而，他们同样生来就是无助的，完全依靠环境。成功者成功地从完全不能自立过渡到了独立，然后过渡到相互依靠。失败者则不然。 4.Darwin was convinced that the loss of the tastes in music and drawing was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至可能会伤害道德。 5.No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks. 中餐桌上最神奇,最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子. 6.It is not on the shores of continents, nor in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky. 然而，浩瀚的太平洋最精美之处不在其大陆海岸，也不在沿海诸岛，而是在远离陆地的海域。在那里，富有神奇色彩的南太平洋诸岛像天上的繁星一样散布在广阔的海面上。 7.Circumstances and people are constantly changing. Some friendship last “forever”; others do not. 环境与人都在不断地改变。有些友谊地久天长，有些则如昙花一现。
科技英语翻译答案
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.
科技英语中专业术语的翻译
科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1.意译：根据科技术语的含义，将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单 个词语来说，意译也就是直译。意译法时最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例如： ①firewall 防火墙 ②data mining 数据挖掘 ③automatic program control 自动程序控制 2. 音译：根据英语的发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些由专有名词构成的术 语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译时都可采用音译法。例如： ·gene 基因；quark 夸克；Pentium 奔腾 ·celluloid 赛璐璐；nylon 尼龙、 ·Hertz (Hz) 赫兹（频率单位）；lumen 流明（光通量单位） 3．形译：英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译成汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫形译。例如： I-bar 工字钢，工字条；O-ring 环形圈；twist-drill 麻花钻；X-ray X光；α-brass α黄铜 4.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占有很大的比重，这类词如译成汉语，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例如： ◎CPU:Centeral Processing Unit (中央处理器) ◎ASCII:American Standard Code for Information Interchange (美国信息交换标准码) ◎A TM:Asynchronous Transfer Mode （异步传输模式） 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种方法。例如： WTO (世界贸易组织)；UNESCO （联合国教科文组织）；WHO (世界卫生组织)；IOC（国际奥委会） 注[1]：指含锌量≦35℅的铜铝合金。
科技英语翻译课后答案
科技英语翻译课后答案 High quality manuscripts are welcome to download
科技英语翻译翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。