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大学英语精读第5册规范标准答案完整编辑版

大学英语精读第5册规范标准答案完整编辑版
大学英语精读第5册规范标准答案完整编辑版

-*

第一课

Vocabulary work

1. given

2. at a glance

3. fluency

4. Given

5. hopefully

7. define

8. looked him up

9. no good

10. quoted, context

11. guidance

12. immediate

13. disgust

14. come across

15. put into practice

16. scope

1. washed his hands of

2. given

3. putting…into practice

4. was confronted with

5. countering

6. were reduced to eating

7. at a glance

8. took refuge in

9. less practicable

10. countered

11. dedication

12. in disgust

13. relied on

14. for their part

15. gave up

1. Without suitable entertainment, these young people often get bored and take refuge in drinking and taking drugs.

2. The school washed its hands of the students’ behavior during the spring recess.

3. The innocent girl was reduced to crying at his cruel remarks.

4. Many difficult words are out of the scope of his learner’s dictionary.

5. The thief admitted his guilt as soon as he was confronted with evidence.

6. The incident should be

viewed in the wider

context of the political

turmoil of that time.

1. has come down

2. came to

3. comes out

4. come up with

5. come in

6. came across

7. has come about

8. come off

9. come to

10. give up

11. was given back

12. gave away

13. gave out

14. give in

15. gives off/out cloze

1. express

2. both

3. intended

4. still

5. where

6. personal

7. of

8. them

9. make

10. before

11. still

12. before

13. fluent

14. while

15. enough

16. on

17. in

18. In

19. Find

20. Who

21. carefully

22. to

23. possible

24. make

25. depend

26. than

27. made

28. use

29. phrases

30. above

31. on

32. demonstrate

33. out

34. writing

Passage Translation

To master a large vocabulary is crucial

to the fluency in a foreign language. It is

showed by the statistics which are

unofficial but frequently quoted

concerning the Cambridge First

Certificate examination that those

students with a vocabulary of less than

3,500 words are less likely to succeed in

the exam. The latest research also

indicates that native speaker of English

knows at least 16,000 English words,

when he has received education until

he’s 18 or more. Unless you are

proficient in a language such as

Spanish or German, there is no shortcut

to a large vocabulary: you have to

depend on diligence and dedication. Of

course, you can infer from context the

meaning of some new words you come

across in reading., but often you have to

consult a dictionary to clarify the exact

meanings. A practical method to learn

new words may be reading widely,

especially reading those interesting and

exciting. Repeatedly, the same books is

often beneficial to you: each time you

read it you’ll learn different new words,

and the familiar context also helps you

to engrave these new words on your

mind deeply.

第二课

Vocabulary work

-*

1.Notions inhabited

2.Denial

3.Independent

4.Realistic

5.Pass for

6.Consequent

7.A handful of

8.As opposed to

9.Urged influential

10.Eternal

11.In search of

12.Cherish

13.Related

14.Denial, was opposed to 15.Haunted

16.Discerned

1.Combat

2.Capabilities

3.Eternal

4.Opposed to

5.In search of

6.Stake … on

7.No wonder

8.In the light of

9.Discern

10.Paralyzed

11.Crying out for

12.Awaken to

13.Consequent

14.Sensitive to

1.She showed a complete lack of interest in the subject under discussion. 2.No w that she’s got a part-time job, she is financially independent of her family.

3.As a charity, we provide food and shelter for people in need, regardless of the reasons for their need.

4.These stars are barely visible to the naked eyes.

5.The depression that started in

mid-1929 was a catastrophe of unprecedented dimensions for the United States.

6.Even to this day, the hunger he suffered in his childhood still haunts him.

7.Robert overcame his shyness which had formerly paralyzed

him in Mary’s presenc e.

8.The fall in the cost of

living is directly related to

the drop in the oil price.

1. I don’t think it is

realistic to turn to him for

help. As a matter of fact,

he himself is in need of

help.

2. More and more

people are being

awakened to the urgent

need of combating air

pollution.

3. There are visible

signs that some of the

time-honored old traditions

and values are no longer

cherished by the young

people.

4. Many of us find the

notion of a boundless

universe is hard to grasp.

5. There being so many

loopholes in the laws and

regulations, it is little

wonder that a handful of

speculators got rich

overnight.

6. An unprecedented

boom in tourism brought

sudden prosperity to the

small border town, which

was formerly inhabited by

only three hundred people.

7. In the light of this

information, that country

already has the

capabilities to make

nuclear weapons.

8. Regardless of

repeated warnings from

his friends, he staked all

his money on high-risk

ventures.

Cloze

1. Other

2. Magazines

3. Consider

4. Times

5. Answered

6. Ways

7. Questions

8. Offer

9. Differ

10. For

11. Themselves

12. To

13. Open

14. Making

15. So

16. Single

17. With

18. Others

19. Young

20. Private

21. Than

22. Curriculum

23. Kinds

24. Should

25. Amount

26. Or

27. Charge

28. What

Error Correction

1.Must-can

2.Start-starting

3.Go后加to

4.Learn后加from

5.That-what

6.Are-were

7.You 前加if

8.Imaginative-unimaginative

9.Inspite - despite

10.Way+out

第三课

Vocabulary work

1. Accordingly

2. Credits

3. Ideal

4. Honorable

5. Conceive of

6. Defect

7. In short

8. Premise

9. Objective

10. Concept

11. Triumph

12. Induce

13. Vicious

14. Venture

15. As the case may be

16. verified

1. ideal

2. objective

3. negative about

4. honorable

5. external

6. as the case may be

7. premise

8. prevailed upon

9. defects

10. accordingly

11. is not consistent with

12. constructed

13. conceive of

14. verify

15. induce

16. vicious

1. This medicine is for external use, not to be taken orally.

2. It never occurred to him that people could deliberately do harm to others purely out of malice.

3. At the reception, an atmosphere of warm friendship prevailed there.

4. Many women can identify with the movie’s heroine, who struggles to gain respect and fulfill her ambtions.

5. He claimed credit for the success of this project even though he had contributed very little.

6. Women are often the first to fall victim to rising

unemployment at a time of

recession.

7. What he does isn’t

consistent with her says.

8. I will start working or

pursue graduate studies,

as the case may be.

1. Set up

2. Set aside

3. Set back

4. Set out

5. Set about

6. Set off

7. Was going on

8. Went out

9. Go by

10. Has gone without

11. Go after

12. Went through with

13. Go over

14. Go into

15. Went off

16. Are going in for

Cloze

1. As

2. In

3. Confirm

4. Stupid

5. Way

6. Rather

7. That

8. Out

9. Longer

10. How

11. From

12. Sales

13. To

14. Continued

15. More

16. Still

17. Not

18. Self-image

19. Certain

20. From

21. From

22. come

Passage Translation

If you set out to do some business but

failed, do not lose your confidence.

There are great differences between

that “I failed three times” and that “I am

a failure”. As long as you try to learn

from you failure instead of holding a

negative view about yourself or

identifying with failure, you are very

likely to succeed in the future. Have you

ever thought that those who have failed

again and again are always the victims

of bad self-image? They failed often

because of not external reasons but

internal reasons. Countless examples

verify that if those people could be

prevailed on to change their view and

set up positive self-image, their

performance would change

miraculously. Success can come at any

time, whenever you are thirty, forty or

when it seems that you have failed all

your life. Success in early years is

sweet, but the late one is more tasty.

第四课

Vocabulary work

1.Blessing

2.Borders

3.Childish

4.Desperation

5.Mercy

6.Signature

7.Steadily

8.Stand out

9.Came over

10.Broke his heart

11.Pay back

12.Flung

13.Consent

14.Hold your tongue

1. Held his tongue

2. Blessing to

3. Flung

4. Forgive

5. Thankful

6. Pay you back

7. Did me a bad turn

8. Border

9. Mercy

10. With the consent

1. For God’s sake, tell me how you feel about the whole arrangement.

2. Our military forces are fully prepared for the execution of the order of the military commission.

3. They have so far collected more than 5,000 signatures for the petition against the new land development.

4. His condition has gone steadily worse since he was defeated in the presidential election.

5. A feeling of faintness suddenly came over me, so that I had to lie down.

6. It will break your mother’s heart when she finds out that you’re cheated on exams and had been dismissed from school.

7. As an extremely accomplished violinist, he stood out from all the other amateur musicians.

8. His recommending you to the personnel manager did you a good turn. 四

1.Somebody says that the best response to unfair criticisms is to forgive and forget.

2. For God’s sake, why didn’t you call me?

3. I kicked the door open with desperation, and found him lying in the bed unconsciously.

4. The mechanician flung the tools with anger, never to continue.

5.Mark was so childish that he left the meeting just because some representatives contested his ideas.

6. She was thankful that she kept her job when most of her co-workers were laid off.

7.Courage, selflessness

and strength of will stand

out all over the Gadfly.

8.If you build an extension

to your house without the

consent of the local

planning authorities, you

will be ordered to

demolish/pull down what

you have built.

1. Took off

2. Take to

3. Took on

4. Taken on

5. Took for

6. Takes after

7. Took down

8. Taken in

9. Took over

10. Taken up

11. Take in

12. Take up

13. Paying for

14. Paid off

15. Pay back

16. Pay up, paid up

17. Paid off.

Cloze

1. Up

2. Drew

3. Belong

4. Out

5. Like

6. Away

7. Presence

8. After

9. Bewildered

10. His

11. In

12. Over

13. On

14. Voice

15. Contracted

16. On

17. Must

18. Arrested

19. True

20. Still

21. With

22. To

23. Out

24. With

25. Seized

26. Fault

27. Instant

28. Struck

29. Over

30. But

31. Round

32. alone

Error Correction

1. obvious 前加of

2. Furthermore-However

3. To-on

4. Look-see

5. None-all

6. Other-another

7. Violate-violating

8. Fiction前加in

9. Involving-involved

10. Are-were

第五课

Vocabulary work

1.Distinguish between

2.In practice

3.To the contrary

4.Procedures

5.In principle

6.Proportional

7.Rebels

8.Strive for

9.Replaced

10.Outcome

11.Adopted

12.Criterion

13.Abandoned

14.Appointed

15.Banned

16.Effective

17.Formulated

18.Ingredients

19.Circulated

20.Retain

21.Rebel

22.condemned

1. took his word for it

2. formulated

3. in practice

4. met with

-*

5. representing

6. strive

7. immense

8. infinite

9. adopt

10. appointed

11. circulates

12. retaining

13. are subjected to

14. its outcome

15. modified

16. condemned

17. suppressing

18. largely

19. ingredient

20. criteria

1. Take my word for it, you’ll buy nothing but trouble if you buy that house.

2. Dr. Li has always been credited with being able to understand and sympathize with his patients.

3. If I don’t hear anything to the contrary, I’ll come to meet you on July 8th.

4. It’s very important to follow the safety procedures laid down in the service manual.

5. The police found out what the terrorists were up to before they could carry out their bomb attack.

6. The new Medicare program puts a high premium on prevention and primary care.

7. Back then at home we were banned to read children’s comics because my parents thought they were not a good influence.

8. It is very essential that children be taught to distinguish right from wrong.

9. The number of representatives of each state is proportional to the size of its population.

10. A novelist cannot be a great on unless he has a well developed insight into human nature.

11. More and more people have come to realize that cancer of the lung has more to do with smoking than with anything else.

12. Late frosts account for the poor fruit-crop of this year.

13. An effective way to reduce labor cost is to use robots replacing workers. 14. What’s the matter

with you today? Whatever

I say you contradict.

Cloze

1. Questions

2.

Solving

3. Out

4.

Between

5. Establishing

6.

These

7. With 8.

Science

9. Do 10. In

11. So

12. Universe

13. Highest

14. Dislikes

15. Did

16. Unpleasant

17. Believe

18. Hear

19. Flying

20. Breathe

21. Age

22. Terms

23. Reverse

24. Serve

25. Those

26. Themselves

27. to

Passage Translation

Scientists are a small

group of people who are

striving to gain insight into

nature and seek for laws in

the superficial disorder.

They have a special ability

to think and analyze, and

unlimited patience in

observing and collecting

date. However , not all

scientific discoveries can

be ascribed to abilities and

patience; they usually

connect closely with

creative imagination. Of

course, the leap of

imagination is often the

first step leading to

discoveries. Moreover ,

scientists are famous for

their honesty. They put a

high premium on honesty,

mainly because that

honesty is cardinal to their

career. Every theory they put forward

has to be further tested. Every error and

lie are sure to be found. So, if finding

some evidence contradiction with their

ideas, scientists modify even abandon

their ideas, instead of concealing them.

In this way, they accumulate an

immense amount of knowledge, which

can help us understand ourselves and

surroundings better.

第六课

Vocabulary work

1. Smoothly

2. Handicap

3. For fear

4. Clumsy

5. Make a point of

6. As a matter of course

7. Highlight

8. Took great delight in

9. Ill at ease

10. Adapt

11. Role

12. Oblivious

13. Revolt

14. At the mercy of

15. Just as well

16. Flight

1. Departure

2. Clumsy

3. Ill at ease

4. Bump into

5. Handicaps

6. Highlights

7. Takes great delight in

8. At the mercy of

9. For fear

10. Oblivious to

11. Role

12. Smoothly

13. Sore

14. Trapping

15. Unloading

16. Collapsed

1. It took Bob about two weeks to

adapt himself to his new job as sales manager.

2. The manager’s secretary makes a point of arriving at he office fifteen minutes early every moring.

3. It’s just as well you didn’t come yesterday, we were not here.

4. The small grocer was at the mercy of the people he owed money to.

5. Bank officials always ask questions as a matter of course when someone wants to borrow money.

6. It revolted me to learn that the world spent so much money on arms while millions of people were dying of hunger.

1. The highlight of the circus performance was the panda’s representation. Its clumsy and funny acting amused all the spectators.

2. It’s just as well you didn’t take the flight of Swiss Airline yesterday-it crashed one hour after taking off and all the 229 people on plane were killed.

3. He never considered that when somebody wanted to help the handicapped girl, she would feel ill at ease.

4. As a person taking delight in controlling everything and getting interest from ordering, Charles adapted quickly the new role of the company’s general manger.

5. In the past twelve years, Amy has learned to live depending on herself. She takes delight in self-reliance and doing everything by herself.

6. Amy refused to go out with Charles as a matter of course, because she disliked to be treated as a handicapped person dependent on others.

1.Pull(yourself) together

2.Pulled down

3.Pulled in

4.Pull through

5.Pulled up

6.Pulling out

7.Pull on

8.Pulled out

9.Look up

10.Looked on

11.Look up to 12.Look out

13.Look up

14.Look into

15.Looked on

16.Look down upon

17.Look back

18.Looking through

19.Looked over

20.Looked in

Cloze

1. Am

2. Remember

3. Color

4. Again

5. Things

6. Occurred

7. Day

8. Blind

9. Prefer

10. Them

11. What

12. To

13. Make

14. More

15. Easy

16. In

17. Call

18. See

19. Learn

20. That

21. Have

22. Rest

23. Self-confidence

24. Something

25. Despite

26. Person

27. Where

28. Series

29. Time

30. No

31. Reach

32. Failure

33. But

34. made

Error Correction

1. by-in

2. or-and

3. described as

4.

controllable-uncontrollable

5. power-powers

6. joined-entered

7. be blind

8. years-year

9. it去掉

10. breaking-broken

第七课

Vocabulary work

1.Virtual

2.Reconciliation

3.Deliberately

4.Fury

5.Essence

6.Rational

7.Get to the point

8.Go out of my mind

9.Immersed in

10.Precisely

11.In the midst

12.Lost his nerve

13.Supreme

14.Apology

15.Invasion

16.Muttering

1. Lousy

2. Lost my nerve

3. Immersed in

4. Alleged

5. Deliberately

6. Involving her in

7. Upset

8. Ironic

9. Get to the point

10. Fury

11. Hang up

12. Rational

13. The instant

14. Fierce

15. Instantly

16. Squeeze

1. Because of the bank’s refusal to

give him another loan, Morris had to

abandon the project.

2. Although both of them wanted the

reconciliation and become friends again,

neither was prepared to make the first move.

3. The old lady took fright when a gunman suddenly appeared in front of her.

4. Bob seems to know with instinct which products will sell.

5. The organizers of the appeal are reaching out to the public in order to get their help.

6. I must make an apology-I’m afraid

I opened your letter by mistake.

1. Cut off

2. Cut back

3. Cut in

4. Cut across

5. Cut down

6. Cuts in

7. Cut off

8. Cut off

9. Hangs back

10. Hang up

11. Hanging about

12. Hung together

13. Hang on

14. Hang on to

Cloze

1. Other

2. With

3. Increased

4. For

5. Last

6. Who

7. Adult

8. Summed

9. In

10. Who

11. Better

12. Teach

13. Without

14. As

15. View

16. Generation

17. Granted 18. Only

19. Decision

20. important

Passage Translation

One day, we received an

invitation from my father to

his sixtieth birthday party.

Jenny regarded it as my

father’s actively reaching

out to a reconciliation, so

we should accept it. I was

in the midst of abstracting

an important case and

preparing for the coming

examinations at that time,

hence I only used the

simplest words to tell her

no day to reconcile forever.

My refusal apparently

made Jenny depressed,

but as a rational woman,

she didn’t quarrel with me.

She just tried to persuade

me. But it only made me

furious, thinking that Jenny

made me upset

deliberately. I must have

been crazy them, because

I did a thing for which I

would never forgive

myself-I shouted at Jenny

and hurled the telephone

at her. But once I threw it, I

regretted. When I turned

back to see her, she had

disappeared.

I went out to look for her

everywhere, but in vain. I

was scared to death, not

knowing what to do next.

When I was going to give

up, I suddenly saw Jenny

sitting in front of our house.

I walked forward to her,

saying “Jenny, I’m sorry-”

But she interrupted my apology and

said, ”love means not ever having to say

you’re sorry.”

第八课

Vocabulary Work

1.dense

2.accompanied

3.confess

4.fascinated

5.evoked

6.voluntary

7.intellect 8.in sequence 9.chorus

10.distinguished himself 11.deviated

from 12.lit up 13.over the hill

14.talking shop

15.put...back together 16.uncertain

1.fascinated

2.distinguished himself

3.an amazing

4.accompany

5.confess

6.random

7.reigned over 8.overwhelmed

9.glows

10.boundary 11.deviated from

12.distinguished

13.dimensions https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216386545.html,e to anything

15.over the hill

16.broke down

1.To my surprise,they agreed to all our

demands.

2.Television has robbed cinema of its

popularity.

3.The government is defending its

economic policies against a chorus of

criticism.

4.The manager's explanation evoked

even greater anger from the employees.

5.When the doctor told him he had lung

cancer,Jim was to so overwhelmed that

he didn't know what to do.

6.The new method deviated totally from

the traditional approach and the results

were far more satisfactory.

1.When I was a child,I was fascinated

-*

by the idea of taking a round-the-world journey,and used to stay in my grandfather's sanctum for several hours,rolling the globe and imagining the places to travel.

2.This afternoon a time bomb exploded at one of the largest supermarkets in London,which evoked a great horror among people.

3.Accompanied with his father,Bill went to the police station and confessed to the policeman that he had robbed an old man of his gold watch two weeks before.

4.After engaged to Jane,Stephen started working hard for the first time in his life.Before long the distinguished himself as a young theoretical physicist.

5.Professor Stone was well-known for his sternness.But, to people's surprise, his speech at his daughter's wedding last Saturday was jolly and full of humor.

6.To our surprise, there are so many people willing to do voluntary work for the community's benefit.

1.broke up

2.2.broke out

3.3.have broken through

4.broke down

5.broke in

6.broke down

7.had been broken into 8.broke away from 9.broke in

10.breaks up 11.turn into

12.turned in

13.turn up

14.was turned down

15.turning out

16.have turned ... into 17.turn down 18.had turned over 19.turned out

20.turned ...over

21.turn in

22.turned up

cloze

1.first

2.2.wheelchair

3.3.height

4.4.weigh

5.suffered

6.worsening

7.harmed

8.things

9.is

10.difficult

11.those

12.down

13.hold

14.take

15.if

16.details

17.at

18.to

19.books

20.20.progress

21.conferences

22.disease

23.stay

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216386545.html,w

25.difficult

26.simplest

Error Correction

1.been diagnosed

2.progress-progressvie

3.with-on

4.satisfy-satisfying

5.apparent-apparently

6.the-/

7.belief-disbelief

8.annoyed-annoying

9.have-having

10.nurse-nurses

第九课

Vocabulary Work

1.on the right track

2.wary of

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216386545.html,es down to

4.conservative

5.historical

6.corporate

7.leap

8.sum up

9.weighted down

10.luxury

11.guarantee

12.policy

13.lucky

14.stack the odds against

15.diminished

16.take a chance

1.will come down to

2.terrific

3.shooting from the hip

4.out of date

5.lucky

6.make a move

7.sum up

8.on the right track

9.weighted down

10.holding out for

11.guarantee

12.ruthless

13.Target

14.wary of

15.a certainty

16.gamble

1.There is nothing you can say that will

diminish his enthusiasm for the project.

2.He has so many enemies in the town

that the odds are heavily stacked

against his being elected to the council.

3.There is still no certainty that a

cease-fire agreement will be reached

between the two sides.

4.It's always been Dr.Dryden's policy

never to lie to his patients.

5.Sleeping in a warm bed was a luxury

for the earthquake victims.

6.A lot of new words are out of date very

-*

quickly.

1.brought out

2.bring up

3.brought to

4.bring...together

5.bringing down

6.bringing back

7.bring about

8.bring down

9.bring out

10.brought (them)together

11.held(us)back/up

12.holding out for 13.hold on to

14.hold on

15.hold in/back 16.held out/on

17.held up

18.hold back

19.hold (himself)in

cloze

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216386545.html,puter

2.problem

3.much

4.with

5.to

6.people

7.look

8.more

9.to

10.with

11.do

12.way

13.what

14.in

15.affect

16.get

17.die

18.with

19.many

20.run

21.a 22.how

23.how

24.and

25.take

26.now

第十课

Vocabulary Work

1.guilty of

2.flames

3.equality

4.reminds of

5.was stripped of

6.bankrupt

7.destiny

8.legitimate

9.despair

10.discrimination

11.architect

12.had underestimated

13.cool off

14.horror

15.threshold

16.crippled

1.fallen heir to

2.obligation

3.legitimate

4.fatigue

5.fatal

6.thirst

7.transforms

8.bankrupt

9.In a sense

10.defaulted on

11.speeding up

12.sacred

13.tied up with

14.horror

15.underestimate

16.cool off

1.The man confessed he had been

guilty of theft.

2.David got in despair as he read the

examination questions.

3.We are on the threshold of a new era

in genetic engineering.

4.He was stripped of his knighthood

after he was found guilty.

5.A taste of power left him with a thirst

for more power.

6.Some of the basic industries of that

country have been crippled as a result

of a series of strikes.

1.The increasing prosperity of the

country in a sense owes the

government's policy of economic

reform.

2.The Negro leader regarded it as his

sacred obligation to devote himself to

realizing racial equality.

3.In 1976, the three main architects of

the People's Republic-Premier Zhou

Enlai, Marshal Zhu De and Chairman

Mao Zedong died in sequence.

4.I reminded that he had the

headmaster more than once of his

promise to protect the retired teachers'

legitimate behalf.

5.The main idea of the story is that

one's destiny ties up with the whole

-*

country's.

6.The riches the youth fell heir to made him realize his dream.

1.stood up for

2.stand by

3.stand up for

4.stood for

5.stand by

6.stand up to

7.stood out

8.stand for

9.sit in

10.sat on

11.sit down

12.will sit for/sat for

13.sit up for

14.sitting on

15.sits up

Close

1.form

2.free

3.colonial

4.nonviolent

5.unjust

6.lives

7.to

8.could

9.of

10..segregation

11.conditions

12.already

13.came

14.returning

15.when

16.on

17.not

18.spread

19.attend

20.decided

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216386545.html,sted

22.effective

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216386545.html,ws

24.victory

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216386545.html,e

Error Correction 1.is前面加it

2.done-made

3.Yet-For

4.difficult-easy

5.historical-history

6.and-but

7.appear-disappear

8.dissatisfied-satisfied

9.true-truth

10.was-were

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2) decade 3) content 4) arrange 5) minor 6) efficient 7) endure 8) extra 9) reluctantly 10) tremble 1) bunch 2) packet/pack 3) piece 4) pair 5) piece 6) bunch 7) pair 8) piece 9) bunch 10) packet 11) pair

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现代大学英语精读6课文翻译 1如何使我们不为穷人的存在而内疚 约翰·肯尼斯·高伯瑞(加尔布雷斯) 1.我很愿意严肃地考虑一种人类最古老的活动,这项活动持续了多年,实际上已经超过了几个世纪,那就是尝试怎样使我们不为穷人的存在而内疚。 2.贫穷和富有从一开始就共生在一起,彼此很不愉快有时还充满危险。普鲁塔克曾说,“贫富失衡乃共和政体最致命的宿疾。”富有和贫穷持续共存产生的问题,特别是如何证明在其 他人还贫穷时我们富有是有道理的这一问题,成为有思想有学问的人几百年来孜孜不倦地思 考探索的问题。直至当代状况依然如此。 3.《圣经》提出了最初的解决之道,在现世遭受贫穷的人来世会得到更好的回报。他们的贫穷是暂时的灾难,如果贫穷但却能顺从,他们将来就会成为世界的主人。在某种程度上这就是最理想的解决办法。由此,富人就可以一边嫉妒穷人的美好前途一边享受他们的财富。 4.很长时间之后,即在1776年《国富论》发表的二三十年之后——在英国工业革命开始 之后,贫富不均的问题及其解决办法开始具有了现代的形式。杰罗米·边沁,这位与亚当·斯密几乎是同时代的人,提出了这样一种准则,在某种程度上,美国人认为这一准则在英国几 乎50年来一直影响显著。这就是实用主义学说。“通过实用的原则,”边沁在1789年指出,“也就是通过这一原则来赞成或否定任何一种应运而生的看来似乎必定会增加或减少政党 幸福的行为或做法,尽管政党的利益总是在讨论之中。”实用,实际上一定是以自我为中心的。然而,社会中只有少数人拥有大量财富,却有更多人没有财富。只要遵循边沁的话—— “最大的利益给最多的人”,就能够解决社会问题。社会尽力满足更多的人,人们接受对于 很多利益没被满足的人来说,结果极其不幸。 5.在19世纪30年代,一种新的准则成为使我们不为穷人的存在感到内疚的有效办法,迄今为止它的影响也丝毫没有减弱。这是与股票家大卫·李嘉图和T·R·马尔萨斯神父联系 在一起的。它的本质很为人们所熟悉,穷人的贫穷是他们自己的错误。贫穷是他们过度生育 的结果。很遗憾,他们不能控制性欲,过度生育把地球具有的养活人口的能力推向极限。 6.这就是人口论。生育引起的贫穷意味着富人不应该为贫穷的产生和解决承担责任。然而,马尔萨斯本人并不是缺乏责任感的人,他极力主张婚姻的仪式应该包括对过度或不负责任的 性生活的警告——公平地讲,是一种警告,因为它还没有被看做是一种完全有效的控制生育 的方法。在近代,罗纳德·里根曾经说过控制人口的最佳形式存在于市场。(热恋中的夫妇应该上梅西百货公司,而不是回到新房。)应该说,马尔萨斯的建议至少沾点边。 7.19世纪中叶,一种新的解决这一问题的方案产生了很大影响,在美国影响尤其强烈。 这一学说与赫伯特·斯宾塞的名字联系在一起,就是社会学中的进化论。在经济生活中如同在生物进化过程中一样,主导的规律是适者生存。“适者生存”这个短语实际上并不出自查 尔斯·达尔文,而是出自斯宾塞,后者表达了对经济生活的看法。穷人被淘汰是大自然种族 进化的方式。弱的、不幸的人灭亡了,人类家庭的质量就会提高。 8.最著名的美国达尔文社会进化论的发言人之一约翰·洛克菲勒一一第一个洛克菲勒一一 在一次著名的演讲中说,“美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒,赞不绝口。而她之 所以能被培植出来,就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾被掐掉了。在经济生活中情况亦是如此。

大学英语精读第五册课后习题答案

第一课 Vocabulary work 一 1. given 2. at a glance 3. fluency 4. Given 5. hopefully 7. define 8. looked him up 9. no good 10. quoted, context 11. guidance 12. immediate 13. disgust 14. come across 15. put into practice 16. scope 二 1. washed his hands of 2. given 3. putting…into practice 4. was confronted with 5. countering 6. were reduced to eating 7. at a glance 8. took refuge in 9. less practicable 10. countered 11. dedication 12. in disgust 13. relied on 14. for their part 15. gave up 三 1. Without suitable entertainment, these young people often get bored and take refuge in drinking and taking drugs. 2. The school washed its hands of the students’ behavior during the sp ring recess. 3. The innocent girl was reduced to crying at his cruel remarks. 4. Many difficult words are out of the scope of his learner’s dictionary. 5. The thief admitted his guilt as soon as he was confronted with evidence. 6. The incident should be viewed in the wider context of the political turmoil of that time. 四 1. has come down 2. came to 3. comes out 4. come up with 5. come in 6. came across 7. has come about 8. come off 9. come to 10. give up 11. was given back 12. gave away 13. gave out 14. give in 15. gives off/out cloze 1. express 2. both 3. intended 4. still 5. where 6. personal 7. of 8. them 9. make 10. before 11. still 12. before 13. fluent 14. while 15. enough 16. on 17. in 18. In 19. Find 20. Who 21. carefully 22. to

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