新外研版新教材高中英语选择性必修一全册课文及翻译(中英Word精编)

Unit 1 Laugh out loud!

Understanding ideas

The Best Medicine

最佳妙药

1 As I approach the hospital wearing my white coat, I look just like any other doctor. That is until I put on my curly rainbow wig, big red nose, and add my name badge “Doctor Larry Laugh-Out-Loud”. I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there’s a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. Anxious parents do what they can to comfort nervous and crying children.

当我穿着白大褂走进医院时，我看起来和其他医生没什么两样——直到我戴上卷曲的彩虹色假发和大红鼻子，别上我的名牌“拉里，笑哈哈医生”。我穿过一道道门进入候诊区，这里充斥着常见的厌烦和紧张情绪。人们别扭地坐在塑料椅上，翻阅着那些已经被读过数百遍的旧杂志。焦虑的父母们正尽其所能安抚紧张哭闹的孩子。

2 In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size. I speak with the on-duty nurse, who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle. Since getting here, Lara has spent her time crying in pain. Although it’s the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury, it’s my job to make her feel better.

在这个特别的场景里，我注意到一个小女孩，她的脚踝肿成了原来的两倍。我和值班护士交谈时她告诉我，劳拉从自行车上摔下来，她父母赶紧将她送到医院。自从来到这里，劳拉就因为疼痛而一直大哭。尽管为她治疗伤痛的是医生和护士，但让她的心情变好则是我的工作。

3 Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful. We are specially trained clowns who work as part of a programme known as “hospital clowning”. I chose this career because of my experience of going to hospital when I was a kid. Although the doctors and nurses did a great job, hospitals weren’t really designed for children. I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened and more than little bored! Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them.

科学研究表明，欢笑能产生使人心情变好的化学物质，这就意味着小丑医生能帮到患者。我们是受过专门培训的小丑，是“医院小丑”项目的成员。我之所以选择这个职业，是因为我自己小时候去医院的经历。尽管当时医生和护士都尽职尽责，但医院实在不是个适合孩子们待的地方。我在那里度过的大部分时间要么觉得害怕，要么感到非常无聊！而成为小丑医生意味着我可以通过娱乐人们的方式来帮助他们。

together with medical professionals. On a typical day, we spend our time cheering up patients, their families, and more often than not, the hospital staff, too! We do this by doing magic tricks, singing songs, telling stories and, of course, telling silly jokes. Some children, though, don’t feel like laughing, especially if they’re in pain. We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient.

我们小丑医生和专业医疗人员一起工作，要走访医院和其他的医疗机构。我们一天的工作内容通常是为病人、病人家属，甚至是医院的工作人员带来欢乐！为此，我们会变魔术、唱歌、讲故事，当然还会讲一些滑稽的笑话。不过，有些孩子并不想笑，特别是在他们很疼痛的时候。所以我们必须非常善解人意，并且与医护人员密切合作，他们会为我们提供每个病人的最新情况。

5 And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick. While the doctor concentrates on examining Lara’s ankle, I get her attention by d oing a magic trick. Although she is clearly still in some pain, her scared and anxious look has been replaced—first by a small smile, and then by loud laughter as I “magically” produce her sock from out of my pocket. Seeing their daughter so much happier has in turn made Lara’s parents more relaxed.

而我的灵药似乎确实起作用了。当医生集中精力检查劳拉的脚踝时，我用魔术来吸引劳拉的注意力。尽管她显然仍然有些痛苦，但她恐惧和焦虑的表情已经不见了：先是一个小小的微笑，接着变成了大笑——因为我“魔术般地”从我的口袋里变出了她的一只袜子。看到女儿破涕为笑，劳拉的父母也松了一口气。

6 And as for me? Well, when I take off my wig and my red nose, I’m sti ll wearing

a big smile, as I remember all the fun and laughter of the day. While there might be more hospital visits ahead for Lara and others, I hope that clown doctors help make it a friendlier place to visit. After all, it really is true that “laughter is the best medicine”.

至于我呢？当我摘下假发和红鼻子的时候，我脸上仍然带着大大的微笑，因为我记得这天所有的乐趣和欢笑。也许将来，对于劳拉或者其他人来说，他们还有更多到医院就诊的需要，但我希望，小丑医生能够帮助医院成为一个更温暖友善的就诊场所。毕竟，“欢笑是最佳妙药”，这句话是真的。

Unit 1 Laugh out loud!

Developing ideas

The Importance of Humour

幽默的重要性

1 Humour has been an essential part of human behaviour for thousands of years. There is comedy in the texts of Ancient Greece, and medieval writings are filled with

their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues.

数千年来，幽默一直是人类行为的重要组成部分。古希腊的文字中记载有喜剧，而中世纪的作品中也常常出现笑话。虽然那些笑话对现在的我们来说可能不像当时那么有趣，但是它们的作者明白，幽默不仅娱乐大众，而且可以使人们对敏感问题或有争议的问题产生新的认识。

2 Closer to modern times, someone who is remembered for his ability to combine humour with more serious messages is American writer, Mark Twain. Twain’s particular style of writing is funny and often mischievous. For example, in his classic novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, he famously says, “Writing is easy. All you have to do is cross out the wrong words.” But he is equally well known for his witty remarks in his everyday interactions with people. For instance, while on a lecturing tour of the United States, Twain went into a barber’s shop to get a hair cut and a shave. The barber, not recognising him, asked if he had a ticket to the lecture. When Twain replied that he didn’t, the barber told him that if he wanted to go to the event he would have to stand, as there were no seats left in the theatre. Twain’s response was, “That’s just my luck. I always have to stand when that fellow lectures!”

到了近现代，美国作家马克·吐温因擅长用幽默的方式表达严肃的内容而著称。吐温独特的写作风格幽默风趣，而且常常带有调侃意味。例如，在他的经典小说《汤姆·索耶历险记》中有一句名言“写作很容易，你要做的就是把错误的单词划掉。”他日常与人交流中的诙谐言论同样出名。比如，有一次在美国做巡回演讲时，马克·吐温走进一家理发店去理发和刮脸。理发师没有认出他来，问他有没有这场演讲的门票，马克·吐温说没有。理发师告诉他，如果他想去听演讲就只能站着了，因为剧院里已经没有座位了。马克·吐温回答说：“真倒霉。只要那个家伙演讲，我总是要站着！”

3 Like Twain, but on the other side of the world, Lin Yutang was soon to become famous for his unique brand of humour. A well-known bilingual writer, Lin brought the concept of humour to modern Chinese literature. In 1924, he creatively borrowed “youmo” from Ancient Chinese as the translation for the English word “humour”. “Youmo” is still being used in this way today.

和马克·吐温类似，在世界的另一端，林语堂很快也因其独特的幽默风格而闻名。作为著名的双语作家，林语堂将幽默的概念引入了中国现代文学。1924年，他创造性地借用古汉语中的“幽默”作为英文单词“humour”的翻译。今天，“幽默”一词仍在以这种方式被人们使用。

4 Lin’s quick wit helped make him famous as a master of humour. Once, having been invited to dinner at a university, he was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech. Thinking on his feet, Lin started to tell a story about a cruel Roman emperor who tried to feed a man to wild animals. First came a lion. The man whispered something in the lion’s ear, after which the lion shook its head and walked away unhappily. Then along came a tiger. Again, the man whispered

my animals?” said the emperor, astonished. “I told them they had to make a speech after eating me for di nner.” Lin’s audience roared with laughter. With this little joke, Lin was able to make people laugh, while gently telling off the president.

林语堂的机智使他成为著名的幽默大师。有一次，他被邀请去一所大学吃晚饭，当校长突然让他做演讲时，他感到很为难。林语堂急中生智，开始讲述一个残忍的罗马皇帝试图把一个人喂给野兽的故事。首先来了一头狮子，那人对狮子耳语了几句，狮子摇了摇头，不高兴地走开了。然后来了一只老虎，那人又对老虎耳语了几句，老虎看起来很震惊，急忙跑开了。“你对我的动物们说了什么？” 皇帝惊讶地说道。“我告诉它们，把我作为晚饭吃掉后，它们必须要演讲一番。” 林语堂的听众们哄堂大笑。通过这个小笑话，林语堂既能让大家哈哈大笑，同时也委婉地表达了对校长的不满。

5 Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isn’t just about laughter, but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to illuminate the world. Lin even created an equation to explain this concept: Reality + Dreams + Humour = Wisdom. Living and working with others can sometimes be complicated, and humour makes this easier. Sharing jokes and laughing together can bring individuals and even communities together. Indeed, some may argue that our need for humour is almost as great as our need for water and air. In the words of Mark Twain, “Humor is mankind’s greatest blessing”.

马克·吐温和林语堂都明白，幽默不仅仅能带来笑声，它还是一种生活方式，是一种可以用来阐明世界的工具。林语堂甚至还创造了一个公式来解释他的理念：现实+梦想+幽默=智慧。和其他人在一起生活和工作有时候并不是一件容易的事，而幽默可以让事情变得更简单。一起讲笑话、一起欢笑可以使不同的个体甚至是团体凝聚在一起。事实上，有些人甚至会认为我们对幽默的需求几乎与我们对水和空气的需求一样强烈。用马克吐温的话来说：“幽默是人类头等的幸事。”

Unit 2 Onwards and upwards

Understanding ideas

We Regret to Inform You...

我们抱歉地通知您……

1 “We regret to inform you...” These are the words that every writer dreads receiving, but words every writer knows well. The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence. You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your life’s work, yet still this is often not enough. Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight, but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously faced rejection.

反馈，作家急切地拆开来读，但读到这最后一句，心随即跌落谷底。你可能已经花费数年时间，放弃了周末和空闲时间去创作你的毕生作品，但这往往还不够。大家都明白，成功不是一蹴而就的；但也许很多人都不知道，许多卓越的作家也都曾被拒稿。

2 Take for example J.K. Rowling. When she received her first rejection letter, she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers, and stuck it on her kitchen wall. Rowling had spent years surviving on little money, spending all her time writing. When she finally finished her first book, she received comments from publishers along the lines of “too difficult for children”, “too long”, “Children would not be interested in it”. Nevertheless, she persevered. “I wasn’t going to give up until every single publisher turned me down, but I often feared that would happen,” she later posted. After a total of twelve rejections, one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book, and as we know,Harry

Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages.

以J. K. 罗琳为例。当她收到第一封拒稿信时，她决定把这看作是自己与喜爱的作家之间有了共同之处，并把这封信贴在厨房的墙上。罗琳过了很多年拮据的生活，她把所有时间都用在写作上。当她终于完成第一本书时，出版商给出的评价却是“对孩子来说太难理解” “太长” “孩子们不会对它感兴趣”等等。尽管如此，她还是坚持了下来。“我不会放弃的，除非所有的出版商都拒绝我。不过我常常担心这真的会发生。”她后来说。在收到12封拒稿信后，终于有一家出版商同意将她的第一本书印刷500册。我们都知道，《哈利·波特》后来在全球大获成功，销量超过4亿册，被翻译成了70多种不同的语言。

3 All too often writers of great works have had to face criticism along with rejection. J.D. Salinger started writing short stories in high school, but later struggled to get his works published. “We feel that we don’t know the central character well enough” was the criticism he received on his manuscript for The Catcher in the Rye. Despite rejections from several publishers, J.D. Salinger refused to give up. Even when serving in the US Army during the Second World War, he carried six chapters

of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel throughout his war service. When it was eventually published, the book became an immediate

best-seller and went on to sell millions and millions of copies.

伟大作品的作家也常常在被回绝的同时还要遭受批评。J. D. 塞林格从高中就开始写短篇小说了，但之后他的作品却难以发表。“我们觉得自己无法充分理解主人公。” 这是他的《麦田里的守望者》的手稿收到的批评。即使被多家出版商回绝，J. D. 塞林格也从未放弃。甚至在二战期间在美国陆军服役时，他还随身携带了《麦田里的守望者》一书的六章内容，并在整个服役期间一直致力于小说的修改。最终，这本书一经出版，便立刻成为畅销书，卖出了上千万册。

4 Perhaps the overall prize for perseverance should go to three sisters from Victorian England who dreamt of seeing their words in print. This, however, was a

Laureate, Robert Southey, wrote to one of them: “Literature cannot be the business of a woman’s life, and it ought not to be.” Nevertheless, the sisters didn’t stop trying. Their response was to write a book of poems under male names. Even when the book sold only two copies, the sisters still didn’t give up. They started writing novels, and today Charlotte Bront?’s Jane Eyre, Emily Bront?’s Wuthering Heightsand Anne Bront?’s Agnes Grey are regarded as classics of world literature. In fact, it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words: “I honour endurance, perseverance, industry, talent; because these are the means by which men achieve great ends...”

也许坚持不懈的最高荣誉应该颁给来自英国维多利亚时代的三姐妹。她们梦想着看到自己的作品出版。然而，这是一个不鼓励女性成为作家的时代。正如当时的桂冠诗人罗伯特·骚塞在给她们其中一位的信中所说：“文学不可能也不应该成为女人的事业。”尽管如此，三姐妹并没有放弃尝试。她们的应对方式是以男性名字为笔名写了一本诗集。虽然这本诗集只卖出了两册，但她们还是没有放弃，转而开始写小说。如今，夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简·爱》、艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》和安妮·勃朗特的《艾格妮丝·格雷》被认为是世界文学的经典之作。其实，这正印证了我们在《简·爱》中读到的：“我崇尚忍耐、坚毅、勤奋、天赋；因为只有依靠这些，人们才能实现宏大的目标……”

5 So, it seems that talent alone isn’t enough to guarantee success. While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part, perseverance is the key. Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...”

因此，似乎仅凭天赋不足以保证成功。不懈的努力和一点点运气固然很重要，但坚持不懈才是关键。坚持下去，你终会收到这样的回复：“我们高兴地通知您……”

Unit 2 Onwards and upwards

Developing ideas

Three Days to See

假如给我三天光明

1 I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.

我常常思忖，如果每个人在青年时期都有一段时间看不见、听不见，那会是一件幸运的事情，因为黑暗会使人更加珍惜视力，静默能教会人享受声音的美妙。

2 Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. Recently, I asked a friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods what she h ad observed. “Nothing in particular,” she replied.

个从林子里散步了许久回来的朋友观察到了什么，她答道：“没什么特别的。”

3 How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. If I can get so much pleasure from touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight? And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes, say for just three days.

我问自己，在林子里散步一小时之久却没有看到任何值得注意的东西，这怎么可能呢？我一个看不见的人，仅仅通过触觉，就能发现成百上千件引起我兴趣的东西。如果仅仅通过触觉就能得到如此多的快乐，那么视觉能展现多少美好的事物啊。我想象过，如果我能被恩赐恢复视觉，哪怕只有三天，我最希望看到什么。

4 On the first day, I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living. I don not know what it is to see into the heart of a friend through that “window of the soul”, the eye. I can only “see” through my fingertips the outline of a face. I should like to see the books which have been read to me, and which I have revealed to me the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit. In the afternoon I should take a long walk in the woods and intoxicate my eyes on the beauties of the world of nature. That night, I should not be able to sleep.

第一天，我想见几个人，他们用善良、温柔和陪伴让我觉得我有活下去的意义。我不知道通过“心灵的窗户”——眼睛来了解一个朋友是怎样一种体验。因为我只能通过我的指尖“看见”朋友的面部轮廓。我还要看书，那些别人读给我的书，那些为我揭示了人生和人类精神的深刻奥秘的书。到了下午，我要在树林中散步，让我的目光陶醉在大自然世界的美景中。这个夜晚，我夜不能寐。

5 On my second day, I should like to see the pageant of man’s progress, and I should go to the museums. I should try to probe into the soul of man through his art. The things I knew through touch I should now see. The evening of my second day I should spend at a theater or at the movies.

第二天，我想看人类发展的奇观，我要去博物馆。我要通过人类的艺术探究人类的灵魂。那些之前通过触摸知晓的事物，我现在要亲眼看一看。而这一天的傍晚，我要在剧院或电影院度过。

6 The following morning, I should again greet the dawn, anxious to discover new delights, new revelations of beauty. Today I shall spend in the workaday world, amid the haunts of men going about the business of life.

第三天清晨，我将再次迎接黎明，热切地去探索更多愉悦，发现更多美好。这天我将在平凡的世界里度过，在为生活奔波的人们常去的地方度过。

7 At midnight permanent night would close in on me again. Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.

还有那么多事情没有看到。

8 I who am blind can give one hint to those who see: Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. And the same method can be applied to the other senses. Hear the music of voices, the song of a bird, the mighty strains of an orchestra, as if you would be stricken deaf tomorrow. Touch each object you want to touch as if tomorrow your tactile sense would fail. Smell the perfume of flowers, taste with relish each morsel, as if tomorrow you could never smell and taste again. But of all the senses, I am sure that sight must be the most delightful.

我，一个盲人，可以给那些看得见的人一个忠告：要像明天就要惨遭失明之痛一样去使用你的眼睛。同样的方法也能用于其他感官：要像明天就要惨遭失聪之痛一样，去仔细聆听音乐的旋律、鸟儿的歌唱、交响乐的震撼音符；要像明天就会触觉衰退一样，去触摸你想摸的每件物品；要像明天就会丧失嗅觉和味觉一样，去闻鲜花的芬香，品尝美味佳肴。但是，在所有的感觉中，我相信，视觉一定是最令人愉快的。

(Excerpts from “Three Days to See” by He len Keller)

(节选自海伦·凯勒的《假如给我三天光明》)

Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger

Understanding ideas

THE ROAD TO SUCCESS

成功之路

1 Near the small town of Grottoes, Virginia, a narrow dirt road goes from the house of Stephen Curry’s grandfather to the woods nearby. A far cry from the bright lights and shiny courts of the National Basketball Association (NBA), it was along this road that Stephen’s grandfather built a simple basket by attaching a piece of plastic

to a telephone pole.

在弗吉尼亚州格罗托斯小镇附近，一条狭窄的土路从斯蒂芬·库里的祖父家延伸至附近的树林。这与美国男子职业篮球联赛(NBA)赛场上明亮的灯光和闪亮的球场相去甚远。正是在这条路上，斯蒂芬的祖父把一块塑料贴到电线杆上，建了一个简易篮筐。

2 Like his father, basketball star Dell Curry, Stephen spent many childhood hours playing on this muddy basketball court. He probably didn’t realise it at the time, but it was where he learnt to be creative and flexible as a player. You see, with every shot, the weak plastic backboard gave way. The bumps and rocks that lined the road under the basket caused the ball to bounce in all directions. Knowing where the ball would go wasn’t e asy. He had to adjust his own playing style as a result. Shooting with great

into the heavy, thick basket. In this way, practising day in and day out helped Stephen sharpen his skills.

与父亲戴尔·库里这位篮球明星一样，斯蒂芬在这个泥泞的篮球场上度过了许多童年时光。尽管当时他可能并没有意识到，但就是在这里，他学会了如何成为一名有创造力、能够灵活变通的篮球运动员。你看，每次投篮，不牢固的塑料篮板都摇摇欲坠。篮筐下的小路凹凸不平，布满了石块，篮球也因此弹向四面八方。能够判断出球反弹的方向并不容易，因此斯蒂芬必须调整自己的打球方式。他在这里学到的另一项技能是精准的投篮技术。只有完美地瞄准中心，篮球才能进入厚重的篮筐。如此日复一日地练习，斯蒂芬的篮球技术变得炉火纯青。

3 Despite his father’s successful career, Stephen was thought by many people, including his high school teammates and coaches, to be too short, too thin and too weak to follow in his father’s footsteps. But Stephen carried on. Playing basketball was his dream. He would not give up. He finally ended up playing college ball at a small, little-known school, Davidson College, not too far from where he lived. His creativity and perseverance made him Davidson’s star player.

尽管父亲的职业生涯很成功，但是很多人，包括斯蒂芬的高中队友和教练，都认为他太矮太瘦弱，无法延续他父亲的荣耀。但斯蒂芬还是坚持了下来。打篮球是他的梦想，他绝不会放弃。终于，斯蒂芬在规模不大且鲜为人知的戴维森学院成为了一名大学篮球赛的球员，这所学院离他家不算远。斯蒂芬凭借自己的创造性和毅力成为了戴维森学院的明星球员。

4 Selected for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors. He performed beyond everyone’s expectations with his accurate shooting and continuous efforts. In 2015, Stephen won his first NBA championship, and he led the Warriors to their first championship since 1975.

2009年，斯蒂芬入选NBA，加入了金州勇士队。凭借精准的投篮和不懈的努力，他的表现令人刮目相看。2015年，斯蒂芬赢得了他的第一个NBA总冠军，这也是他带领勇士队获得的自1975年以来的第一个冠军。

5 After receiving the Most Valuable Player award for two years in row, Stephen explained his philosophy, “I never really set out to change the game... What I wanted to do was just be myself... I know it inspires a lot of the next generation, a lot of people who love the game of basketball to value the skill of it, value the fact that you can work every single day to get better. You’ve got to be able to put in the time and the work. That’s how I got here. That’s how I continue to get better every single day.” Inspiring others to believe in themselves, Stephen Curry is living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become. Through

self-belief, hard work, perseverance and some help from an old hoop, he has shown that anything is possible.

在连续两年获得“最有价值球员”奖后，斯蒂芬阐释了他的人生观：“我从未真正想过改变比赛……我只想做我自己……我知道这激励着很多后辈、很多热爱篮球比赛的人，让他们认识到技术的重要性，认识到你可以通过每天的不断努力而

更进一步的原因。”斯蒂芬·库里激励着所有人去相信自己，他也生动地证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么人。通过自信、勤奋、毅力，以及一只旧篮筐的帮助，他向人们证明了一切皆有可能

Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger

Developing ideas

The Return of the Champions

冠军归来

1 “The atmosphere here at Rio de Janeiro is electric! If China wins this point, they will walk out of the stadium with an Olympic gold medal. Zhang Changning serves. Over the net, Popovi c dives for the ball. She only just reaches it... and it’s sent straight back to her by the Chinese spiker Hui Ruoqi. Popovic can’t get the ball back this time... and that’s it! It’s over! It’s gold for China! Look how the crowd has gone wild. You can see the joy and pride on the faces of the Chinese fans. And there we see the Chinese players embracing, with tears of happiness in their eyes... It’s a dream come true for China! The Chinese women’s volleyball team is Olympic champion once again!”

“这里是里约热内卢，现场气氛紧张而热烈！如果中国队拿下这一分，她们将赢得这枚奥运金牌。张常宁发球。球过网，波波维奇倒地接球，险险救起……中国队主攻惠若琪将球扣回，波波维奇这次没能接住……得分！比赛结束！中国队获得了金牌！看，观众沸腾了，中国球迷的脸上洋溢着喜悦和骄傲。我们看到中国队的队员们眼含幸福的热泪，相拥在一起……中国人实现了梦想！中国女排重回奥运之巅！”

2 The Chinese women’s volleyball team holds a very special place in the nation’s heart. In the 1980s, the team burst onto the international volleyball scene with several major world titles, and an amazing three-set victory over the United States in the final of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. They became national heroes overnight. There was gold once more at Athens in 2004. But winning gold in Rio paints the most vivid portrait of the team’s competitive spirit.

中国女排在中国人心中的地位非比寻常。20世纪80年代，中国女排赢得了多场世界大赛，并在1984年洛杉矶奥运会的决赛中以惊人的三连胜击败了美国队，在国际排坛大放异彩。一夜之间，中国女排成为国民英雄。到了2004年雅典奥运会，女将们再一次斩获金牌。但是，对于女排的拼搏精神最生动的写照，却是这次在里约的夺冠之路。

3 In Rio, the Chinese women’s volleyball team needed all of its fighting spirit after it was assigned to the “group of death”, where it faced several strong opponents

the group, with just two wins in preliminary matches, they were not going to give up. Every single member of the team gave their all to the fight, including Hui Ruoqi who had had heart surgery less than five months previously.

在里约奥运会上，中国女排被分配到了“死亡之组”，因此她们必须拼尽全力，对抗小组赛中遇到的强大对手。虽然预赛中仅赢了两场，到四分之一决赛时还是小组第四，但她们从未想过放弃。每一个队员都全力以赴投入比赛，包括赛前不到五个月刚做完心脏手术的惠若琪。

4 Their perseverance paid off with an epic comeback against the defending champion Brazil in the quarter-finals. Next, the Chinese team defeated the Netherlands in the semi-final matches, having lost to them in the preliminaries. At last, showing a strong will and the steeliest nerves, they played a close match against Serbia to seize gold in the final.

在四分之一决赛对抗卫冕冠军巴西队时，中国队的顽强毅力得到了回报，她们惊人地赢得了东山再起的机会。接着，中国队在半决赛中战胜了在预赛中曾惜败过的荷兰队。决赛时，虽然与塞尔维亚队比分胶着，但凭借着强大的决心和钢铁般的意志力，中国队最终勇夺桂冠。

5 But fighting spirit alone was not enough to guarantee victory. Strong team spirit also contributed greatly to their success. Cooperation between team members is essential. If each individual does her job and works well with others, then the end goal can be achieved. In fact, strong team spirit is more important than the skills of individual players. Zhu Ting, named Most Valuable Player at the Rio Olympics, also identified thi s as the special ingredient in the team’s success: “Teamwork is the key to China’s victory. Thanks to my teammates’ hard efforts, I had the opportunity to show my spiking skill.”

但是仅凭拼搏精神远不足以锁定胜局。强大的团队精神也是中国女排成功的一大因素。团队成员之间的合作至关重要。只有每一名队员都能完成各自的任务，并与队友合作无间，才能实现最终目标。其实，强大的团队精神比队员的个人能力更重要。里约奥运会“最有价值球员”奖项得主朱婷，也认为这是团队获胜的诀窍：“团队合作是中国队获胜的关键。多亏了队友们的努力拼搏，才给了我展现扣球技术的机会。”

6 Together, the Chinese women’s volleyball team has fought their way through ups and downs. Led by well-known Chinese volleyball player and coach Lang Ping, they have continued to aim high. Lang is only too aware that as soon as a team steps off the victory podium, they need to start from zero to prepare for new challenges ahead. In this way, the team begins its journey to the next Olympics.

在这条曲折起伏的道路上，中国女排共同奋力前行。在知名的前中国女排运动员和现任中国女排总教练郎平的带领下，队员们不断力争上游。郎平很清楚，只要走下了领奖台，她们这支队伍就得重新出发，严阵以待，迎接新的挑战。中国女排的下一段奥运旅程就这样开始了。

Unit 4 Meeting the muse

Understanding ideas

What inspires you?

你的灵感从哪儿来？

Every artist’s wish is to create something that expresses an idea. But where do artists get their ideas from? Who or what inspires them? Here we find out more about the influences behind the successes of three very different artists.

每位艺术家都希望创作出能表达自己理念的作品。但艺术家们的这些理念从何而来？是谁，抑或是什么启发了他们？下面，我们进一步发掘了三位截然不同的艺术家成功背后的因素。

Florentijn Hofman, visual artist

弗洛伦泰因·霍夫曼，视觉艺术家

1 Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch artist, whose large sculptures are on display all over the world. One way for him to find inspiration is turning to his children’s toys. These objects have given him ideas for his animal sculptures, such as the famousRubber Duck. A more recent work of his is the huge Floating Fish, which was set among the beautiful landscape of Wuzhen West Scenic Zone.

弗洛伦泰因·霍夫曼是一位荷兰艺术家，他创作的大型雕塑在世界各地进行展出。他的孩子们的玩具是他的一个灵感来源。霍夫曼从这些玩具身上得到启发，从而创作出动物形状的雕塑，比如著名的“大黄鸭”。他最近的新作是一条巨大的“浮鱼”，位于风景宜人的乌镇西栅景区内。

2 Hofman’s inspiration for Floating Fish came from Chinese folk tales passed down through the generations. He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the “Dragon Gate”. This stor y came to life for Hofman when he visited Wuzhen and saw how people lived there.

霍夫曼表示，“浮鱼”的灵感源自世代相传的中国民间故事。他对“鲤鱼跃龙门”的古老故事尤其感兴趣。当他游览乌镇，看到当地居民的生活时，这个故事立马生动地浮现于他的脑海中。

3 “During the walk and my stay here in the town, I saw the fish being fed by people. You s ee also some fish sculpted on the wall.” These sights set Hofman’s idea for Floating Fish in motion.

“我住在镇上期间，当我散步的时候，看到人们在喂鱼。墙上还有鱼形的浮雕。”这些画面让霍夫曼渐渐浮现创作“浮鱼”的念头。

Tan Dun, composer

谭盾，作曲家

4 “There is no territory in the world of music.” These are the words o f Chinese

filmCrouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

“音乐的世界没有边界。” 中国作曲家谭盾如是说。这位著名的作曲家曾为电影《卧虎藏龙》配乐，并为2008年北京奥运会创作音乐。

5 To listen to Tan’s music is to experience a mix of Chinese musical traditions and Western influences. Since his first opera, Nine Songs, Tan Dun has been using a combination of Chinese music and sounds from all over the world to tell stories. As Tan once said, Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world.

欣赏谭盾的音乐，就是在感受中国音乐传统和西方影响的交融。从他的第一部歌剧《九歌》开始，谭盾一直在用中国音乐和来自世界各地的乐音讲述故事。他曾说过，中国音乐要承载人文精神的“共同理念”，才能被世界认可。

Yang Liping, dancer

杨丽萍，舞蹈家

6 Yang Liping’s passion is dancing. After winning a national competition in 1986 with her Spirit of the Peacock dance, she has been known as the “Peacock Princess”. The inspiration for her famous dances has come from the time she spent in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province.

杨丽萍热爱舞蹈。1986年，她凭借《雀之灵》在全国舞蹈大赛上折桂。此后，她成为了家喻户晓的“孔雀公主”。她许多著名舞蹈作品的灵感都来源于她在云南西双版纳度过的一段时光。

7 “I feel very grateful for the years in Xishuangbanna,” says Yang. “It gave me a chance to go deeper into the lives of various ethnic groups... Our ethnic groups, especially the Dai people, admire the peacock. They think the peacock represents the beauty of nature. I especially like the dance style of the Dai people and it gives me lots of inspiration. My dance comes from their traditional belief and aims to bring out the Dai women’s beauty.”

杨丽萍说：“我很感激在西双版纳的那些年，它让我有机会深入到各个民族的生活里面……我们的少数民族，特别是傣族人民，特别喜爱孔雀。他们认为孔雀展现了自然之美。我特别喜欢傣族人的舞蹈风格，这给了我很多灵感。我的舞蹈源自他们的传统信仰，同时也致力于展现傣族女性的美。”

Unit 4 Meeting the muse

Developing ideas

ART&TECHNOLOGY

艺术与科技

Louvre, or Chinese paintings in the Palace Museum? Or maybe, just maybe, it’s a dancing pattern of lights?

说到“艺术”，你想到了什么？是卢浮宫里希腊或罗马的雕塑？抑或是故宫博物院里中国的名画？又也许，仅仅是也许，是一片舞动的光影？

2 The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like colourful floating clouds when they are lit up at night. Visitors to one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at it, they could also interact with it—literally. They did this by using their phones to change its colours and patterns. Exhibits such as these are certainly new and exciting, but are they really art?

美国艺术家珍妮特·艾克曼创作了一系列艺术品，晚上将其点亮时，它们就像七彩浮云。其中在温哥华展出的那一件，人们不仅可以欣赏，甚至可以与之互动。人们可以通过操作自己的手机改变它的颜色和图案。像这样的展览品无疑是新潮的激动人心之作，但它们真的可以算是艺术吗？

3 Whatever your opinion, people have been expressing their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years. To do this, they have used a variety of tools and technologies. Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled as “artists” rather than “technicians”. This means that art and technology have always been seen as tw o very separate things.

无论你的看法如何，数千年来人们一直通过艺术表达自己的思想和理念。为此，人们使用了各种各样的工具和技术。然而，米开朗基罗等人一直被称为“艺术家”而非“技巧大师”。这就意味着艺术和科技一直被看作两个截然不同的领域。

4 Today, however, technological advances have led to a combination of art and technology. As a result, the art world is changing greatly. Now art is more accessible to us than ever before. Take for example one of China’s most famous paintings from the Song Dynasty, Along the River During the Qingming Festival. As this artwork is rarely on display, people have sometimes queued up to six hours for a chance to see it. Once in front of the painting, they only have limited time to spend taking in its five metres of scenes along the Bian River in Bianjing. Thanks to technology however, millions more people have been able to experience a digital version of this painting. Three-dimensional (3D) animation means that viewers can see the characters move around and interact with their surroundings. They can also watch as the different scenes change from daylight into nighttime.

然而如今，科技的进步使得艺术与科技结合。因此，艺术世界正发生着巨大的变化。现在，我们比以往任何时候都更容易接触艺术。例如，中国宋朝的传世名画之一《清明上河图》，因其极少被展出，人们有时要排队等上六个小时才有机会一睹其容。即使面对画卷，由于这幅画卷长达五米，人们也只有有限的时间来欣赏画面上汴京汴河沿岸的景色。然而，在科技的帮助下，已经有数百万人得以观摩这幅画作的数字化版本了。利用3D动画技术，观赏者可以看到画中的人物四处走动并与周围事物互动。他们甚至还可以看到从白天到夜晚画中不同场景的变化。

“artist”. Not only can we interact with art, but also take part in its creation. With new technological tools at our fingertips, more and more people are exploring their creative sides. The result has been exciting new art forms, such as digital paintings and videos.

艺术与科技的结合同样改变着我们对“艺术”和“艺术家”这两个概念的理解。我们不仅可以与艺术作品互动，还可以参与艺术作品的创作。通过触手可及的新兴科技工具，越来越多的人开始发掘自己创新的一面，数字绘画、视频等激动人心的新型艺术形式应运而生。

6 However, the increase in the amount and variety of art produced has also raised questions over its overall quality. Can a video of someone slicing a tomato played in slow motion really be called “art”?

然而，艺术作品在数量和种类上的增加同时带来了整体质量上的问题。将一个人切西红柿的视频慢动作播放，真的可以被称作“艺术”吗?

7 Similarly, such developments are making the line between art and technology less distinct. Can someone unfamiliar with traditional artists’ tools really call themselves an “artist”? And is the artist the creator of the art itself, or the maker of the technology behind it? A recent project used technology and data in the same way that Rembrandt used his paints and brushes. The end result, printed in 3D, was a new “Rembrandt painting” created 347 years after the artist’s death. These advances are perhaps bringing us closer to a time when computers rather than humans create art.

同样，这种发展也使得艺术与科技的界限越来越模糊。那些并不熟悉传统艺术工具的人真的可以自诩为“艺术家”吗？艺术家到底是艺术本身的创造者，还是艺术背后技术的创造者？最近有一个项目用科技手段和数据还原了伦勃朗的绘画方式。最终，通过3D打印技术，在这位艺术家去世347年后，一幅全新的“伦勃朗画作”诞生了。也许，这些先进的技术正带领我们走进一个由电脑而非人类创造艺术的时代。

8 Where technology will take art next is anyone’s guess. Bu t one thing is for sure—with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.

科技将会推动艺术发展至何种地步，我们不得而知。但唯一确定的是：随着众多艺术家探索全新的可能性，我们一定可以期待意外的惊喜。

Unit 5 Revealing nature

Understanding ideas

A Journey of Discovery

发现之旅

the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice. It was a young man who had left medical school with out completing his degree. What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.

贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业，并且在他刚收到父亲的来信，信中预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。

2 The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist?

我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年，他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这次旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。当他研究

这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的?

3 At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. But Darwin began to think differently. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments? It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.

当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够激励达尔文去寻求更多证据。

4 When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most. Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands. It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.

1835年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。

5 Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species. And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist: they evolved from earlier ancestors.

达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是由共同的祖先进化而来的。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛，随着时间的推移，慢慢进化成许多新的种类。于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。

6 It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. They were shocked. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.

这是一个全新的观点——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论。这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人类在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。

7 Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.

如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。

Unit 5 Revealing nature

Developing ideas

The Secret Language of Plants

植物密语

1 Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends. Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people. Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India. And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people.

会说话的植物一直是神话传说中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里，会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵会说话的树。在一些现代故事，例如电影《阿凡达》中，树可以与人类和动物沟通交流。

revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.

我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。

3 It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract insects—the wasps! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.

人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质相互交流。当一株植物——比如豆科植物——被昆虫袭击时，就会发生这种情况。植物从正遭受啃食的叶子中释放出微量的化学物质，这像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻击了!” 当另一株豆类植物检测到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质，其中一些能驱赶昆虫，而另一些则会吸引另一种昆虫——黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死那些啃食豆类植物的昆虫。科学家希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统，从而将其应用于种植不用使用农药的农作物。

4 More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chilli plants do this. They also “listen” to the noises from other plant s. A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.

更不可思议的是，植物还能用声音进行交流。虽然人类听不到，但植物确实正在发出声音。有些植物通过根部发出声响，比如玉米和辣椒。它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。由此，辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。还有些树木在缺水时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。

5 Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi. This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. For example, some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow. But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”. Plants can steal food from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.

然而最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起

使用的互联网。互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。这个真菌网络将不同植物的根彼此连接。通过“植物万维网”，植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。比如，某些松树会通过真菌网络向松树幼苗输送养分，帮助它们生长。但是，像互联网一样，植物万维网也会发生“网络犯罪”。植物会偷取同伴的养分，或散播有毒物质攻击其他植物。也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出建造“防火墙”的方法来阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。

6 Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Who knows? Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.

科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。谁知道呢？说不定哪一天，我们就能足够了解植物沟通的知识，从而亲自和植物“聊天”了。

Unit 6 Nurturing nature

Understanding ideas

The Sky Railway

天路

1 Sitting back in my seat, I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. The train has been racing along steadily since it left Xining. All this time, the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head. The words “railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”.

靠坐在火车的座位上，我简直不敢相信，我将要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能建成”的铁路旅行。火车从西宁出发，向前平稳行驶。一路上，《天路》这首歌一直在我的脑海中回响。当火车开过“世界屋脊”时，“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”的歌词显得格外生动鲜活。

2 I was one of the people who came from all parts of China to work on this railway. Taking years to complete, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges. How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.

修建青藏铁路的工人来自全国各地，而我就是其中之一。它历时数年建成，凝聚着我们攻克种种工程难题的全部心血。其中，如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们首要问题之一。

3 The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost. Look! A group of Tibetan antelopes is

Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat. Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years. They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour.

最先映入眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河大桥，它是世界上最长的高原冻土铁路桥。看！一群藏羚羊正从桥下走过，有的停下来悠闲地吃草。铁路桥下修建了三十三条野生动物通道，让动物得以在自然栖息地中安全自由地通行。就像现在的这群藏羚羊一样，野生动物们使用这些通道已有数年，它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时100多千米的速度呼啸而过。

4 To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands, 67

5 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa. We even moved 140,000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem.

为了避免破坏湿地和草原，我们在格尔木和拉萨之间建造了675座大桥，总长度约160千米。我们甚至将一块14万平方米的湿地迁往一个新的区域，以保护其独特的生态系统。

5 The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station. Located at over 5,000 metres above sea level, this is the highest railway station in the world. In locations such as this, the thin air, changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers. To make sure we stayed healthy, several oxygen-making stations were constructed. We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas.

火车一路疾驰，还没等我反应过来，我们就已经到达了唐古拉车站。它位于海拔5,000多米的地方，是世界上海拔最高的火车站。在这样的高海拔环境中，稀薄的氧气，多变的天气，还有强烈的紫外线辐射，这些恐怕是我们铁路工人面临的最大挑战。为了确保工人的身体健康，我们建造了多个制氧站。我们还会定期到低海拔地区休整。

6 As we pass Cuona Lake, I feel a sense of pride and achievement. Using thousands and thousands of sandbags, we built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste. Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface. Water birds playing in the lake, and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.

火车经过措那湖时，一股自豪感和成就感在我心中油然而生。当年，我们沿着措那湖边用成千上万个沙袋筑起了一道二十千米的保护墙，使它免受建筑废料的污染。现在，措那湖离火车这么近，我好想伸手去触摸它那镜面似的浅蓝色湖面。湖中嬉戏的水鸟，在草原上游荡的牛羊，让这片风景充满勃勃生机。

7 The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration for centuries. Now, thanks to our efforts, passengers from all over the country have been

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Using Language Reading, listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐： 我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？Reading and writing 尊敬的编辑： 我是苏州高中的一名学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于同人们交际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。 第二单元世界上的英语 Reading 通向现代英语之路 16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子： 英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓（flat）里来看看，好吗？” 美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓（apartment）去。” 那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语

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目录 Module 1 Deep South Period II Module 1 Deep South Period III Module 1 Deep South Period IV Module 1 Deep South Period V Module 1 Deep South Period VI Module 1 Deep South Period Ⅰ Module 1《Deep South》 Module 2 The Renaissance--cultural corner and task Module 2 The Renaissance--function and grammar Module 2 The Renaissance--reading and vocabulary 1 Module 2 The Renaissance--reading practice Module 2 The Renaissance--Vocabulary and writing Module 2 The Renaissance--word list and introduction Module 3 Foreign Food--function and grammar Module 3 Foreign Food--reading and vocabulary Module 3 Foreign Food--reading practice Module 3 Foreign Food--vocabulary and writing Module 3 Foreign Food--word list and introduction Module 4 Which English--Cultural corner Module 4 Which English--Grammar Module 4 Which English--Introduction Module 4 Which English--Listening Everyday English Speaking Module 4 Which English--Reading and Vocabulary Module 4 Which English--Reading Practice Module 4 Which English--Speaking-Reading and Vocabulary (2)-Writing-Task Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Introduction Reading and speaking Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Listening Everyday English Speaking Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Reading and Vocabulary Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Grammar Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Reading and Vocabulary (2) Writing Task Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Reading Practice Module 6 《War and Peace-grammer》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Introduction》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Language Points》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Reading and writing》

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Unit1 2d： Jane: 你好，鲍勃，你想加入什么俱乐部？ Bob:我想加入运动俱乐部。 Jane:棒极了!你会玩什么运动？ Bob:足球. Jane:这么说你可以加入足球俱乐部。 Bob:那么你呢？你非常善长讲故事.你可以加入讲故事俱乐部。 Jane:听起来不错。但我也喜欢画画。 Bob:那就加入两个俱乐部，讲故事俱乐部和美术俱乐部! Jane:好的，让我们现在去加入吧！ Section B 2a： 1.你好，我是Peter，我喜欢打篮球。我会说英语，我也会踢足球。 2.你好，我是Ma Huan，我会打乒乓球和下国际象棋。我喜欢与人们交谈和做游戏。 3.我的名字是Alan。我在学校音乐俱乐部。我会弹吉他和钢琴。我也会唱歌和跳舞。 2b: (A)我们老人之家需要帮助。在七月份你有空吗？你善于与老人相处吗？你会与他们说话做游戏吗？他们会给你讲故事，你们可以交 朋友。它既有趣又好玩！请在今天拨打电话698-7729与我们联系。 (C)放学后你忙吗？不忙？你会说英语吗？是吗？那么，我们需要 你帮助说英语的学生做运动。这事轻松的，容易的！请来学生运动中 心吧。拨打电话293-7742联系Mr.Brown. (B)你会弹钢琴或者拉小提琴吗？在周末你有时间吗？学校需要帮助教音乐。它不难！拨打电话555-3721联系https://www.sodocs.net/doc/823906264.html,ler. Unit2 2d： Interviewer :Scott有一份有趣的工作。他在一家广播电台工作。Scott，你的广播节目在几点？Scott:从晚上十二点到早上六点。 Interviewer :你通常几点起床？ Scott:晚上八点半。然后我九点吃早饭。Interviewer :那是个有趣的早饭的时间。 Scott:是的。之后，我通常在十点二十左右锻炼。Interviewer :你什么时候去上班？ Scott:在十一点，所以我工作从不迟到。 2b：你好，我是Tony，我不喜欢早起床。在早上，我八点起床。然后，我在八点三十去上学。我没有许多时间吃早饭，因此，我通常吃的非常快。午饭我通常吃汉堡。放学后，我有时打半小时篮球。当我到家的时候，我总是先做作业。在晚上，我要么看电视，要么玩电脑游戏。在十点三十，我刷牙，然后上床睡觉。 Mary是我的妹妹。她通常在六点半起床。然后她总是洗淋浴，吃丰盛的早饭。然后，她在八点三十去上学。在十二点，她吃许多水果和蔬菜作为午饭。午饭后，她有时打排球。她总是在晚饭后吃冰激凌。她知道那对她不好，但冰激凌尝起来好极了！在晚上，她做家庭作业，通常还要游泳或者散步。在九点三十，她上床睡觉。 Unit3 section A 2e: Lisa:嗨，Jane.这是你的自行车吗？ Jane:是的，我每天骑它去上学。你是怎样到学校的？ Lisa:我通常乘公共汽车。 Jane:从你家到学校有多远？ Lisa:我不确定...... 大约有10千米？乘公共汽车大约需要20分钟。你到学校花费多长时间？ Jane:骑自行车大约需要15分钟。那是很好的锻炼。Lisa:是的。哦，祝你在学校度过快乐的一天。Jane:你也是。 Section B： 2b：过河去学校 你是怎样到学校的？你步行还是骑自行车？你乘公共汽车还是乘火车去？对于许多学生来说，到达学校是容易的。但是对于在中国的一个小村庄里的学生来说，是困难的。在他们的学校和村庄之间有一条很大的河。那儿没有桥，对于小船来说，这条河流太湍急不能摆渡。因此这些学生乘索道过河去学校。 一个11岁的男孩，亮亮，每个上学日都过河。但是他不害怕。“我爱和我的同学们玩耍。我爱我的老师。他对我来说，就像父亲一样。” 这些学生和村民中的许多人从没有离开过这个村庄。有一座桥是他们的梦想。他们的梦想能实现吗？ 3a： 嗨，远方的人， 你好吗？谢谢你的上一封电子邮件。你想知道我怎样到学校，对吗？奥，我通常在大约8点离开家，步行去公共汽车站。校车通常在大约8:15来。学校离我家大约20千米。乘公共汽车到那儿大约花费40分钟。乘公共汽车从来不枯燥，因为我总是

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人教版新课标高中英语必修1课文翻译

Unit 1 友谊 P2 Reading 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。 安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 ……比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…… ……令人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。 P6 Using Language Reading, listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐： 我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？P7 Reading and writing 尊敬的编辑： 我是苏州高中的一名学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于同人们交际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。

外研版高中英语必修4课文翻译

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高级英语第二册课文翻译 Unit1 Pub Talk and the King's English 酒吧闲聊与标准英语 亨利?费尔利 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit