雅思阅读模拟题PASSAGE1

雅思阅读模拟题PASSAGE 1

Practice IELTS Readi ng Test AAcademic?Module)

READING PASSAGE 1

PERSONAL TIME MANAGEMENT

Si nee the early work of Halberg(1960),the existe nee of huma n "circadia n rhythms" has bee n well-known to biologists and psychologists. Circadian rhythms? dictate ?that there are?certain ?times of the day when we are at our best both physically and psychologically . At its simplest, the? majority ?of us feel more alive and? creative ?in the mornings, while come the evenings we are fit only for? collapsing ?with a good book or in front of the television. Other of us? note ?that in the morni ng we take a great deal of time to get going physically and men tally, but by the evening are full of en ergy and bright ideas, while a very few of us feel most alert ?an d?vigorous ?in the late after noon .

Irrespective of our personal rhythms, most of us have a? productive ?period between 10a.m. and noon, when the stomach,? pancreas,?spleen?and heart all appear to be in their most active phases. Conversely, the?majority ?of us experience a low period in the hour or two after lunch (a time when people in some societies? sensibly?take a rest), as most of our energy is? devoted ?to the process of?digestion . The simple rules here are: don't waste too much? prime ?time having a coffee break around 11a.m.whe n you should be doing some of your best work, and don't make the after-lunch period even less? productive ?by overloading your? digestion . A short coffee or tea break is ,in fact, best take n on arrival at the office ,whe n it helps us start the day in a positive mood, rather tha n mid-m orning whe n it in terrupts the flow of our activities. Lunch is best take n early, when we are just beginning to feel hungry, and we are likely to eat less than if we leave it until later. An early lunch also means that we can get back into our productive? stride earlier in the after noon.

Chan ges in on e's attitude can also? enhan ce?pers onal time man ageme nt. For example, the no tio n of pro-act ion is eminen tly? preferable ?to?reacti on . To pro-act means to? an ticipate events and be in a position to take? appropriate ?action as soon as the right moment arrives. To react, on the other hand, means to have little? anticipation ?and do something only when events force you to do so. Pro-actors? tend ?to be the people who are always one step ahead of other people, who always seem to be in the right place at the right time, and who are always better in formed ?tha n anyone else. Many of us like an easy life, and so we tend to be reactors. This means that we aren't? alert ?to the challenges and opportunities coming our way, with the c onsequence?that challenges?bother ?us or opportunities pass us by before we're even properly aware they're upon us. We can train ourselves in pro-act ion by regularly tak ing the time to sit dow n and?appraise ?the likely? immediate ?future, just as we sit down and review the immediate past.

Psychologists recog nise that we differ in the way in which we characteristically? attribute responsibility for the various things that happen to us in life. One of the ways in which we do this is known as locus of? control ?(Weiner,1979), which refers to assigning responsibility. At its simplest, some individuals have a predominantly? external ?locus of control, attributing responsibility to outside causes (for example, the faults of others or the help given by them) ,while with other individuals the locus of control is predominantly? internal , in which resp on sibility is attributed to on eself (for example, on e's own abilities or lack of them, hard work, etc.).

However, the picture usually isn't as simple as this. Many people's locus of? control ?is more likely to be? specific?to a?particular ?situation, for example? internal ?in?certain ?areas, such as their? social?lives, and?external ?in others, such as their working lives. Or, to take another example, they may? attribute ?certain kinds of results to themselves, such as their successes, and certa in kinds of results to other people, such as their failures. Obviously the best kind of locus ofcontrol ?is one that is?realistic ?and able to attribute every effect to its? appropriate ?cause, and this is particularly importa nt when it comes to time man ageme nt. Certa inly, there are occasi ons whe n other people are more resp on sible for our time loss tha n we are, but for most of us, and for most of the time, the? blame ?must fall fairly and squarely upon ourselves.

Choose ONE?Dhrase?(A-J) from the list in the box below to complete each key point below. Write the? appropriate ?letters (A-J) in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

The information in the completed sentences should be an? accurate ?summary ?of points made by the writer.

N.B. There are more phrases (A-J) tha n senten ces, so you will not use them all. You may use any ?phrase?more tha n on ce.

Questio ns 1-6

Time man ageme nt-key points

An swer

Example Our patter ns of circadi an rhythms ...... G

1. A proactive pers on .........

2. A?reactive ?person .....

3. An alys ing circadia n rhythms ..........

4. The idea that the best time to work is in the morni ng .....

5. The no ti on of feeli ng? alert ?in the late after noon .........

6. ?Productivity ?appears to be enhan ced ....

List of phrases

A) ...... agrees with the circadian rhythms of most people.

B) ...... makes us feel alive andCreative .

C) ...... con forms to the circadia n rhythms of a?mi nority ?of people.

D) ...... if our energy is in a low phase.

E) ...... is more able to tak?advantage ?of events when they happen.

F) ...... enables one ?gauge?physical?potential ?at?particular ?times throughout the day.

G) ..... cOaffect ?us physically and men tally.

H) ..... when sever?specific ?internal ?organs are active.

I) ..... takes a mo?passive?attitude toward even ts.

J) ..... when we eat lunch early

Questi ons 7-13

Complete the senten ces below with words take n from Readi ng Passage 1,"ers onal Time Ma nageme nt." Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each an swer. Write your an swers in boxes 7-13 on your an swer sheet.

An swer

Example Most people are less? productive ...... after lunch

7. Our ....... in flue nee our physical artdne ntal ?performa nee

8. We are more likely to be? productive ?in the after noon if we have .............

9. A pers on who reacts tends not to see whenthey are approach ing.

10. Assess ing the aids us in beco ming proactive.

11. A person with a mainly? internal ?locus of?control ?would likely

direct? blame ?toward .........

12. A person with a mainly? external ?locus of?control ?would likely direct failure

toward ........

13. A person with a healthy and balaneed locus of? control ?would? attribute ?a result, whether negative ?or positive, to

雅思阅读模拟题PASSAGE 2

READING PASSAGE 2

You are advised to spend about 20? minutes ?on Questions 14-25 which are based on

Readi ng Passage 2, "The Mua ng Faai Irrigation SysTEM of Northern Thaila nd".

Questio ns 14-19

Readi ng Passage 2 has 7 sect ions.

Choose the most? suitable ?headi ng ?for each sect ion from the list of head ings (A-L) below. Write the? appropriate ?letter (A-L) in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.

N.B. There are more headi ngs tha n sect ions, so you will not use all of them.

List of Headi ngs

A) Rituals and beliefs

B) Topography of Northern Thaila nd

C) The forests of Northern Thaila nd

D) Preservi ng the system

E) Agricultural practices

F) Village life

G) Water?distribution ?principles

H) Maintaining n atural bala nces

I) Structure of the irrigati on system

J) User's rights

K) User's obligati ons

L) ?Community ?control

14. Section 1

15. Section 2

16. Section 3

17. Section 4

An swer

Example Sectio n 5 A

18. Section 6

19. Section 7

THE MUANG FAAI IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF NORTHERN THAILAND

SECTION 1

Norther n Thaila nd con sists main ly of long mou nta in cha ins in terspersed with valley bottoms where streams and rice fields? dominate ?the?landscape. Most of the remaining forests of the North are found at higher altitudes. The forests? en sure?regular seas onal rain fall for the whole area and at the same time? moderate ?runoff, so that there is water throughout the year.

SECTION 2

The lowla nd com mun ities have developed an agricultural system adapted to, and?partially determining, the? distinctive ?ecosystems of their areas. Practicing wet-rice agriculture in the valley-bottoms, the lowla nders also raise pigs, ducks and chicke ns an d?cultivate ?vegetable garde ns in their villages further up the slopes. Rice, bea ns,? corn?and native vegetables are planted in hill fields above the villages, and wild vegetables and herbal medic ines are gathered and wild game hun ted in the forests higher up the hillsides. The forests also serve as?grazinggrounds for cows and buffalo, and are a? source?of wood for household ute nsils, cook in g?fuel ,con struct ion ?and farming tools. Fish are to be found in the streams and in the irrigation system and wet-rice fields, providing both food and? pest?control .

SECTION 3

In its essentials, a muang faai system consists of a small? reservoir ?which feeds an?intricate , branching?network ?of small channels carrying water in carefully calibrated quantities through clusters of rice terraces in valley bottoms. The system taps into a? stream ?above the highest rice field and, when there is? sufficient ?water, discharges back into the same stream at a point below the bottom field. The water in the reservoir at the top, which is? diverted ?into a main ?cha nn el (Iam muang) and from there into the differe nt fields, is slowed or held back not by animpervious ?dam, but by a series of barriers? constructed ?of bunches of bamboo or saplings which allow? silt, soil and sand to pass through.

SECTION 4

Water from the Iam muang is? measured ?out among the farmers according to the?extent ?of their rice fields and the amount of water? available ?from the main? channel. Also con sidered are the height of the fields, their dista nee from the main cha nnel and their soil type. The size and depth of side-channels are then? adjusted ?so that only the allocated amount of water flows into each farmer's field.

SECTION 5

Rituals and beliefs connected with muang faai? reflect ?the villagers'? submission ?to, respect for, and frien dship with n ature, rather tha n an attempt to master it .In mountains, forests, watersheds and water, villagers see things of great value and power. This power has a favourable aspect, and one that ben efits huma ns. But at the same time, if? certa in ?bo un daries are overstepped and n ature is damaged, the spirits will punish huma ns. Therefore, when it is necessary to use nature for the necessities of life, villagers take care to? inform ?the spirits what

they?intend ?to do,?simultaneously ?begging?pardon?for their actions.

SECTION 6

Keep ing a muang faai system going dema nds? cooperati on ?an d?collective ?ma nageme nt, sometimes within a single village, sometimes across three or four different subdistricts including many villages. The rules or com mon agreeme nts arrived at duri ng the yearly meet ing amount to

a?social?c on tract. They?g overn? how water is to be distributed, how flow is to be?c on trolled accord ing to seas onal schedules, how barriers are to be maintained and cha nn els dredged, how conflicts over water use are to be? settled , and how the forest around the?reservoir ?is to bepreserved ?as a?guarantee ?of a?steady?water? supply ?and a?source?of materials to repair the system.

SECTION 7

The?fu ndame ntal ?pri nciple ?of water rights un der muang faai is that every one in the system must get eno ugh to? survive; while many patter ns of? distributi on ?are possible, none can?violate this basic tenet. On the whole, the systems also rest on the? assumption ?that local water is com mon? property . No on e can take? c on trol ?of it by force, and it must be used

in ?accord?with the com munal agreeme nts. Although there are in equalities in land holdi ng, no one has the right to an? excessive?amount of? fertile ?land. The way in which many muang faai systems?expa ndte nds to? re inforce ?further the claims of? com munity ?security ?over those of in dividual en trepre neurship. In the gradual process of ope ning up new land and diggi ng conn ect ing cha nn els, each local household ofte n ends up with scattered holdi ngs over the whole irrigati on areas. Un like modern irrigati on systems, un der which the most powerful people gen erally end up closest to the sources of water, this? arran geme nt ?en courages every one to take care that no part of the system is un duly favoured or n eglected.

Questio ns 20-23

The chart below illustrates the agricultural system of the lowla nd com mun ities.

Select words from Reading Passage 2 to fill the spaces in the chart. Use UP TO THREE WORDS for each space. Write your an swers in boxes 20-23 on your an swer sheet.

Area Activity

Example

Forests

graz in g?cows, buffalo

Forests

Hill fields

Villages

Valley bottom gatheri ng ............ (20) ..... , hun ti ng wild ani mals

cultivati ng ........... (21) ...........

rais ing ......... (22) ..... cultivat ing vegetables

growing ........ (23) ..........

Question 24

From the list below, select the three main structures which? constitute ?the muang faai irrigation system. Write the THREE? appropriate ?letters, in any order, in box 24 on your answer sheet.

A) cha nn els

B) sapli ngs

C) dam

D) barriers

E) reservoir

F) water

Questi on 25

From the list below, select two criteria for allocati ng water to farmers. Write TWOappropriate ?letters, in any order, in box 25 on your answer sheet.

A) field characteristics

B) ?social ?status

C) location of field

D) height of barriers

E) fees paid

F) water available

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Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes Sense A. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry’s greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs， the boss of Apple，on his firm’s website under the unassuming title “Thoughts on Music” has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music，which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM， it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple’s DRM system， called FairPlay， is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished. B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in” customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling)， any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm， such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals， the company warned of “state-sponsored piracy”. Only DRM， it implied， could keep the pirates at bay. C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM： the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others， says Mr Jobs， because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry， says Mr Jobs； without it there would be far more stores and players， and far more innovation. So， he suggests， why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected？“This is

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雅思考试全题模拟试题(1) Listening TIME ALLOWED: 30 minutes NUMBER OF QUESTION: 40 Instruction You will hear a number of different recordings and you will have to answer questions on what you hear. There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions, and you will have a chance to check you work. All the recordings will be played ONCE only. The test is in four sections. Write your answers in the listening question booklet. At the end of the test you will be given ten minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet. Now turn to Section 1 on page 2. SECTION 1 Question1-9 Question 1-6 Listen to conversation between friend and the housing officer and complete the list below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR NUMBERS for each answer. HOUSING LIST HOUSING LIST Address Number of rooms Price per week Additional information Mr. J Devenport 82Salisbury Road Brighton BN 16 3 AN Tel 01273 884673 2 bedrooms sitting room kit. bath Example ￡120 Unfurnished Mrs E.S. Jarvis2Wicken Street Brighton BN 15 4JH Tel 01273 771621 (1) sitting room kit.bath (2) First floor Mrs. E.C. Sparshott 180Silwood Road Brighton BN 14 9RY Tel (3) 2 large rm/s shared kit and bath ￡35 Nice area (4) Mr A Nasiry 164 Preston Road Brighton BN5 7RT Tel 01273 703865 large bedroom sitting room with kitchenette.bath. (5) Ground floor Central (6) 2 harrow Road Brighton BN9 9HK Tel 01273 745621 2 large rooms kit bath ￡86 No pets Questions 7-9 Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer 7.When is the accommodation available? 8.Where is the telephone? 9.How is the flat heated? SECTION 2 Questions 10-20