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董亚芬大学英语精读(第三版)第1册教案Unit

董亚芬大学英语精读(第三版)第1册教案Unit
董亚芬大学英语精读(第三版)第1册教案Unit

Unit 4 Turn Off TV: A Quiet Hour

I. Background Information

1. TV: Past and Present

A demonstration of television was held at the New York World's Fair in 1939, and during

the 1940s networks were established and television sets began to be sold. But, for a while, radio still had complete control of the entertainment industry.

In the early 1950s, the television started to take the place of radio in the United States. But television was only on in the evenings with few choices of stations and in less than one-third of American homes.

In the early 1960s, over 750 TV stations were telecasted to about 52 million sets with the result that the American TV audience included almost every family. But today, virtually every American home has TV and two-thirds of American families have two or more sets, two-thirds have cable. There are a thousand stations with a choice of five or six channels all over the country, not counting in the cable programs one can buy.

The Big Three of the networks are: the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), and the American Broadcasting Company (ABC).

Besides networks, there are also another two TV broadcasting, one is cable TV, community antenna television (CATV); the other is pay TV, also known as toll TV or subscription TV. The latter is different from the former in that it originates its own programs and charges a fee for viewing each program.

But since the first modern home TV set was marketed in 1939, TV's influence on America, for both good and bad has become a major force in determining how people relax and behave.

The consequences are staggering. Studies show that the lives of Americans, from their selection of food to their choices of political leaders, are deeply affected by TV, and that influence is growing.

It is clear that television has become one of the world's most important sources of information, opinion, and entertainment. We can learn about places we shall never visit, we see important events as they take place; some programs we watch purely for entertainment. It gives us the best seats in the theater, at a rock concert, or at the Olympic Games. It also beams us pictures of war and disaster, the conquering of space, and other world events as they happen.

2. TV Program

国际频道international channel

东方时空Oriental Horizon

焦点访谈Focus Interview

新闻联播Network News

科技博览Panorama of Science & Technology

文化视点Culture Perspective

读书时间Off the shelf

综艺大观Variety Show

天涯共此时Sharing the moment with you

电影频道Movie Channel

电视你我他CCTV & Its Audience

世界报道Report on World Affairs

海峡两岸Across the Strait

中国报道China Report

3. Generation Gap

The term is used to mean differences in ideas, life styles and attitudes between older and younger people, differences which will be result in a lack of understanding between them and

frequently lead to confrontations.

4. Divorce Rate

High divorce rate is a major social problem in the US. At present, it is estimated, about one quarter to one third of all American marriages end in divorce. Although different in opinions,

some studies indicate that there are more cases with the following reasons:

A) low incomes

B) inadequate education

C) marriage at a very young age

The immediate result that arises from the high divorce rate is an increasing number of single parent homes.

II. New words and expressions

1.worthwhile: adj.【worth+while(a period of time)】good enough for the time or effort needed; valuable

Example: It did not seem worthwhile writing it all out again.

★ worth / worthy / worthwhile

① be worth +n.=be worthy of +n.

② be worth doing=be worthy of being done / be worthy to be done

③ It is worthwhile doing sth/to do sth

这件事值得考虑。

Example: The matter is worth consideration

The matter is worthy of consideration

The matter is worth considering

The matter is worthy of being considered.

The matter is worthy to be considered.

It is worthwhile considering the matter.

It is worthwhile to consider the matter.

2. current:

1) adj. of the present time;

Example: We must counteract the present current of anti-government feeling.

2) n. the movement of water in the sea or river; the movement of air in a particular direction; the fact of popular ideas, opinions, etc.

Example: He swam to the shore against a strong current.他逆着急流游向岸边。

Birds use warm air current to help them flight.鸟儿利用暖流助飞。

Television influenced the current of thought.电视影响思潮。

3. activity: n. sth done

Example: Progress is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow.

Activity is the only road to knowledge.

◆A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty to participate together in research activity.麻省理工学院的一个教育特色就是学生和全体教师有机会一起参与研究活动。(CET-4, 2006, 6, 词汇)

4. prohibit: v.【pro-(before)+hibit(hold)】

prohibite sb. (from) doing sth. = forbid sb. to do sth.

Example: Family finances prohibited his going to college.

5. distract: v.【dis-(away, off)+tract(引)】draw away in another direction;

Example: If something distract you or your attention, it makes you stop concentrating on what you are doing.

Grief distracted him.悲伤使他精神错乱。

1) be distracted by/ with被……搞得心烦意乱,被……搞得要发狂

2) distract sb. from doing sth.使某人做……分心

Example: The film managed to distract me from work. 那部电影使我不能专心工作。

6. gap: n.

Example: She had gaps in her teeth.

The generation gap makes it hard for children to relate to their parents.

He could not explain the gap of ten years in his job history.

★gap+between/in

the gap between imports and exports进出口差额

Example: The professor found wide gaps in his students’ knowledge of American literatur e.教授发现他的学生的美国文学知识中存在着很大的空白。

7. divorce: v.end of a marriage by law

Example: He divorce his wife.

1) 与……订婚

(v.) be engaged to

(n.) engagement to

2) 与……结婚

(v.) marry sb/ be married to

(n.) marriage to

3) 与……离婚

(v.) divorce sb./ be divorced from

(n.) divorce from

约翰同玛丽订婚/结婚/离婚(n.)

Example: John’s engagement to Mary.

John’s marriage to Mary.

John’s divorce from Mary.

8. rate:

n. a measurement of the number of times sth. happens or exists during a particular period; a measurement of the speed; cost

a high/ low/ rising rate of unemployment高/低/不断增长的失业率

Example: Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometers an hour.

What is the going rate for baby-sitter?

v. to have or think that sb. or sth. has a particular lever of quality

Example: The university is highly rated for its research.这所大学因其研究工作而受到高度评价。

①at any rate无论如何,不管怎样(强调事情的真实性)

Example: I must finish the work by tomorrow at any rate.

②at this rate照此速度,照这样下去

Example: At this rate, the company will suffer great losses.

9. disturb: vt. make sb worried; interrupt

Example: Constant calls disturbed her work.

I was disturbed to hear of your illness.

◆ The little stone disturbed the smooth of the lake.

Every difficulty slurred over will be a ghost to disturb your repose later on.

草率的处理难题事后必然睡不着。(肖邦)

10. neighborhood: n. area around a point or place.

Example: The mayor ordered a probe of housing conditions in the neighborhood.

in the neighborhood of在……附近;大约

Example: His debts are in the neighborhood of 5,000 dollars.

★neighborhood/ neighbor

① neighborhood: refers to a area

② neighbor: refers to people, its link verb can be used as both single form and plural form.

★后缀-hood表示“身份,资质,状态”adulthood成年,childhood童年,babyhood婴儿时期,girlhood少女时期,boyhood男孩时代

11. entertainment: n. amusement or interest; treat sb

Example: A science fiction cannot be regarded as a mere entertainment, but in fact it tells the reader much more.

We are delighted in entertainment of our friends.

◆In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry.作为回应,这些危言耸听的人们谴责评论家和新闻记者,说他们被娱乐产业蒙蔽了。(CET-4, 2006, 6,阅读)

12. typical: adj.

Example: That is a typical Chinese village.

◆A restaurants’ typical make-up on wine is 100-150 percent, whereas on bottle water it’s often 300 to 500 percent.白酒在饭店的典型涨幅度一般是100%到150%,而瓶装水的涨幅经常是300%到500%。(CET-4, 2006, 12, 阅读)

by typical of是……的特点, 典型的,有代表性的

Example: It is typical of him to be so gentle.

13.barely: adv. hardly

Example: She had barely time to catch bus.

The room was furnished barely.

★usage:barely是含否定意义的词,因此

1) He has barely enough money to last the month, does she?(不说doesn’t she?)

2) Barely does he have enough money to last the month. (用在句首用倒装结构)

3) barely…when/ before:刚一……就

Example: I had barely started speaking when he interrupted me.

14. radical: adj.【radic(根,根本)】彻底不同的,根本不同的→激进的

助记:radio(无线电)→radiate(放射)与“射线”有关→radic(根)

Example: The workers’ demands were too radical to be accepted.

★It is well known that the most radical will become a conservation on the day after the revolution. 众所周知,激进派革命成功后就即刻变为保守派。(radical: n.激进派)

15. involve: vt.【in-(入)+volve(卷)】sb takes part in an event or is affected by an event; include Example: Don’t involve me in solving your problems.

◆ Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trends involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. 全球化也改变着科研方法,其中一个趋势是与他国共同分担科研项目。(CET-4, 2007, 12, 阅读)

★ involve/ include

① involve指必然包括某种结果

② include指整体中包括某项内容

Example: Many of the crimes involved drugs.许多罪案与毒品有关。

★usage: involve做定语时前置和后置的意义不同

the people involved所牵涉的人the involved story复杂的经历

16. invent: vt. produce sth for the first time

Example: He has invented a new way of making silk

◆Young men are fitter to invent than to judge, fitter for execution than for counsel, and fitter for new projects than for settled business.青年适于创新而非评判,实干而非建议,开创新的事业而非固守已有旧业。(弗兰西斯.培根)

∷Gilbert discovered electricity, but Edison invented the electric light bulb.吉尔伯特发现了电,而爱迪生发明了灯泡。

17. in part: in some degree

Example: The accident was in large part due to the driver’s carelessness.

The house is furnished in part.

18. grow up: change from a child to a man

Example: My father grew up in Beijing.(指人或动物长大,成熟)

My father was brought up in Beijing.(由父母或他人抚养,抚育)

19. come up with: think of; provide money

Example: I hope you can come up with a better solution than this.

You have no choice but to come up with 120,000 pounds.

20. at first glance: when first seen

Example: At first glance, the picture didn’t look very good.

21. have a ball: have a good time

Example:“Do you enjoy yourself?” “I am having a ball.”

Ⅲ. Warm-up questions

1.Do you often watch TV? Why or why not?

No, I don’t watch TV very often because I can obtain the latest news on the internet and needn’t spend time watching TV, which is full of advertisement.

2.What are the disadvantages of watching too much TV?

Watching too much TV is actually a waste of time. It can make us lazy care nothing. Its also bad for our health.

Ⅳ. Language points

1. I would like to propose that for sixty to ninety minutes each evening, right after the

early evening news, all television broadcasting in the United States be prohibited by law.

(L1-3)

1) 类似propose这样表示“建议,命令,愿望,要求”等词之后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,

其构成为“主语+should+动词原形”,should可以省略。常见词有:suggest, recommend, demand, decide, request, require, insist, desire, advise, order, command,etc.

I suggest that we (should) set off at once.

The King commanded that she (should) be executed

2) right after恰巧在……之后;刚完

He arrived right after me.

2. Families might use the time for a real family hour. Without the distraction of TV, they

might sit around together after dinner and actually talk to one another. It is well known that many of our problems—everything, in fact, from the generation gap to the high divorce rate to some forms of mental illness—are caused at least in part by failure to

communicate.(L5-9)

1) What does a real family hour refer to?

It refers to an hour when family members might sit around together, doing sth. meaningful like talking to each other and reading novels, etc.

2) Paraphrase the sentence:

If there had not been for the distraction of TV, they might sit around together after dinner and really talk to one another.

介词短语without…相当于一个以if 引导的条件从句,常用虚拟语气。

但是,without有时也不用虚拟语气。

Without his pension, he would have starved.

3)What can we infer about the writer’s attitude?

TV has taken people away too much so that the lack of communication has caused many social problems.

3. On evenings when such talk is unnecessary, families could rediscover more active pastimes. Frees from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride togother to watch the sunset. Or they might take a walk together (remember feet?) and see the neighborhoos with fresh, new eyes.(L13-16)

With free time and no TV, children and adults rediscover reading.(L17)

1) What can be inferred from the text?

It can be inferred that the author regards watching TV as a passive pastime.

2) What do “active pastimes” mean?

Compared to watching TV, active pastimes refer to those activities that require physical or mental exercises. Reading, for instance, can be active. Exercising is physically active, too.

3) Can you suggest some active pastimes?

Aerobics, playing games, reading, sports, taking a riding

4) Why does the author use the rhetorical question “remember feet?”

This rhetorical question implies that Americans are now so used to traveling by car or other vehicles that many people almost forget that they can walk to some place. This perhaps can also explain why America is sometimes nicknamed as “a country on wheels”.

5)Why does the author encourage us to “to see the neighborhood with fresh, new eyes”?

We might pass the neighborhood everyday but have no time to enjoy it. When we are back from work, we prefer to stay at home, watching TV to kill time rather than going out. Seeing it with fresh, new eyes might help us to fi nd something we haven’t noticed before and

appreciate the neighborhood even more.

6) What does the word “rediscover” mean?

It means “to find again”. After TV appeared, people spend more time watching and less time reading, and to some extent, reading has almost been forgotten. Now with no TV to watch, people might pick up reading again.

4. Writing is often learned from reading. A more literate new generation could be a

product of the quiet hour. (L20-22)

1) Do you think reading can improve writing? In what way?

It is generally accepted that reading can help us learn writing. When we read, we can actually enjoy the writing. Besides, we can develop our sense of language, and observe writing skills. Therefore, reading a lot of good books can help to improve our writing ability.

5. When the quiet hour ends, the TV networks might even be forced to come uo with better

showa in order to get us back from our newly discovered activities.(L26-28)

1) What does the author imply in this sentence?

If children had formed the habit of reading worthwhile books instead of watching TV for at least one hour each day, they would certainly be more cultured than they are now.

2) What can we infer from the writer’s attitude towards TV program?

It’s obvious that some TV programs are not worth watching. If people can obtain pleasure from their active pastimes, the TV networks will be challenged to produce better programs to draw their attention back.

6. What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (L31-32)

1) What does electronic baby-sitter refer to?

It refers to TV. Since TV programs can attract and hold the attention of children, their parents can leave them unattended while the machine is on.

7. Honest. The truth is we had a ball. (L42)

Paraphrase:

I’m telling you the truth: we Americans used to have a very good time before TV came into our life.

Ⅴ. Global reading

1. summary

From the day of its birth, television has played an increasingly important role in people’s lives. In fact, it has become such an important part of people’s lives that the world without TV

is unimaginable. Some people even say that live without TV is not worth living. While on the other hand, some people think that TV is taking up too much of a person’s time and making him lazy. Many people even blame TV for the high divorce rate and crime rate. The author of the article is trying to urge viewers to turn off their TV and enjoy a quiet hour every day without the distraction of TV.

2. division part of the text

Part I (Para. 1) Introduce the proposal to adjust the time of television program.

Part II (Paras. 2-5) Illustrate what we might do if such a proposal were accepted.

Part III (Para. 6) Conclude that we can still have a good life without TV.

3. Scanning

●Discussion: Read the text and summarize the benefits of turning off TV for an

hour.

People could:

1) communicate with each other better

2) find more active entertainments

3) read books so that they are well-educated

4) read stories aloud

5) watch the sunset

6) see the neighborhood

7) might come up with better programs

●Directions: Find specific details to support the following argument.

Argument: I would like to propose that all television broadcasting in the United States be prohibited for sixty to ninety minutes by laws.

Support I

Less family communications were resulted from the distraction of TV.

Support II

Families could discover more active pastimes rather than just sit rooted in front of TV. Support III

With free time and no TV, children and adults would be better-educated by means of reading. Support IV

As an alternative to silent reading, reading good stories aloud can bring family closer and also force TV networks come up with quality programs.

Conclusion: An hour without the distraction of TV is not radical at all.

Ⅵ. Oral Practice

1. Topic: Is TV a Plus or Minus?

Outline 1 (Argument for)

Talk about the advantages of TV according to the outline given below.

Advantages:

● a convenient & cheap source of entertainment

●offering educational programs as well as exciting ones

●keeping people informed of current events

●helping people to keep up with developments in science & technology

●giving a great comfort to lonely old people

Outline 2 (Argument against)

Talk about the disadvantages of TV.

Disadvantages:

● a totally passive pastime

●taking up too much time of people’s free time

●distracting people from their work & study

●making children nearsighted & otherwise weak physically

●corrupting children with harmful shows

Ⅶ. Useful Expressions

当今社会问题current social problems

关掉电视turn off TV

我想建议I would like to propose that...

晚间新闻evening news

严肃而通情达理的来看Let’s take a serious, reasonable look at...

依法禁止be prohibited by law

采纳建议 a proposal is accepted

电视的干扰distraction of TV

围坐一团sit around together

代沟generation gap

高离婚率high divorce rate

精神病mental illness

无法沟通fail to communicate

情感障碍emotional dofficulty

看日出/日落watch sunrise/ sunset

带着新奇的眼光去看see...with fresh, new eyes

伴随电视成长的一代the generation growing up with television

制作好节目come up with good shows

需发挥想象involve imagination]

过的开心have a ball

电视台television broadcasting

积极的消遣active pastime

大学水平at college level

值得看的电视节目worthwhile TV programs

偏激的想法radical idea

有文化的一代 a literate generation

Ⅷ. Study & Practice

Ⅸ. Reading Activity

Reading Attack Skill I—Using Context Clues for Word Meanings I When you read a text, you will inevitably find some words you don’t know. Sometimes you take time out to look up a new word in a dictionary, but doing that too many times slow down your reading. In fact, you can often figure out meanings for new words or expressions without using a dictionary. Look at the context of each word or expression—the sentences that the word or expression is in and the sentences that come before and after. It is usually possible to find hints or clues about is definition from the context.

Ⅹ. Guided Writing

A Brief Introduction

Redundancy refers to the use of language that can be eliminated without incurring a loss of meaning. Redundancy is the adding of words or phrases that add nothing to the overall meaning because their senses have already been expressed. Redundancy in writing usually comes from these sources: 1) Wordy phrases; 2) Employing obvious qualifiers when a word is implicit in the word it is modifying; 3) Using two or more synonyms together.

现代大学英语精读1课本内容及翻译

Lesson Eight The Kindness of Strangers Mike Mclntyre 1. One summer I was driving from my home town of Tahoe City, Calif, to New Orleans. In the middle of the desert, I came upon a young man standing by the roadside. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. I drove right by him. There was a time in the country when you' d be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody in need. Now you are a fool for helping. With gangs, drug addicts, murderers, rapists, thieves lurking everywhere, "I don't want to get involved" has become a national motto. 2. Several states later I was still thinking about the hitchhiker. Leaving him stranded in the desert did not bother me so much. What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision. I never even lifted my foot off the accelerator. 3. Does anyone stop any more? I wondered. I recalled Blanche DuBois's famous line: "I have always depended on the kindness of strangers." Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days? One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the good will of his fellow Americans. What kind of Americans would he find? Who would feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road? 4. The idea intrigued me. 5. The week I turned 37, I realized that I had never taken a gamble in my life. So I decided to travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny. It would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar. I would only accept offers of rides, food and a place to rest my head. My final destination would be Cape Fear in North Carolina, a symbol of all the fears I'd have to conquer during the trip. 6. I rose early on September 6, 1994, and headed for the Golden Gate Bridge with a 50-pound pack on my back and a sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles: "America." 7. For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and covered 4223 miles across 14 states. As I traveled, folks were always warning me about someplace else. In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming, In Nebraska they said people would not be as nice in Iowa. Yet I was treated with kindness everywhere I went. I was amazed by people's readiness to help a stranger, even when it seemed to run contrary to their own best interests. 8. One day in Nebraska a car pulled to the road shoulder. When I reached the window, I saw two little old ladies dressed in their Sunday finest." I know you're not supposed to pick up hitchhikers, but it's so far between towns out here, you feel bad passing a person," said the driver, who introduced herself as Vi. I didn't know whether to kiss them or scold them for stopping. This woman was telling me she'd rather risk her life than feel bad about passing a stranger on the side of the road. 9. Once when I was hitchhiking unsuccessfully in the rain, a trucker pulled over, locking his brakes so hard he skidded on the grass shoulder. The driver told me he was once robbed at knifepoint by a hitchhiker. "But I hate to see a man stand out in the rain," he added. "People don't have no heart anymore." 10. I found, however, that people were generally compassionate. Hearing I had no money and would take none, people bought me food or shared whatever they happened to have with them. Those who had the least to give often gave the most. In Oregon a house painter named Mike noted the chilly weather and asked if I had a coat. When he learned that I had "a light one," he drove me to his house, and handed me a big green army-style jacket. A lumber-mill worker named Tim invited me to a simple dinner with his family in their shabby house. Then he offered me his tent. I refused, knowing it was probably one of the family's most valuable possessions. But Tim was determined that I have it, and finally I agreed to take it. 11. I was grateful to all the people I met for their rides, their food, their shelter, and their gifts. But what I found most touching was the fact that they all did it as a matter of course.

大学英语精读第三版第二册课后答案

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